Physiological limb-impact loading with force and penetration sensing enables objective measurement of sports surface stiffness and damping.
Measures polymer cable aging in situ through portable indentation, capturing stiffness and recovery time without destructive sampling.
Motor-driven ribbon winding prevents adhesion and tension drift, enabling reproducible surface abrasion tests with narrower ribbons.
A winder and dancer tensioning setup keeps the abrasive belt off the specimen until loading, preventing adhesion and stabilizing abrasion tests.