An ionic liquid temperature switch detects threshold changes via sharp impedance shifts during phase transitions.
A contactor actuation coil temperature evaluation method determines coil resistance through controlled voltage and current measurements.
A sub-threshold CMOS temperature sensor generates digital readings using differential transistor pairs.
Dual-coplanar sensor architecture launches radio frequency energy from a coaxial airline to symmetric waveguides on a thin dielectric substrate.
Calculating boundary layer thermal resistance using fluid properties corrects estimation errors caused by finite thermal conductivity in pipe sections.
A digital switch-capacitor bandgap reference circuit generates a stable voltage using sigma-delta ADCs and forward biased diodes.
A semiconductor temperature sensor circuit uses tailored P-N junction resistances to produce a stable reference and a sensitive output signal.
Integrating pressure and temperature transducers on one sensor element reduces production complexity while maintaining independent measurement signals.
Correlating thermocouple voltage with cold junction sensor temperature detects incorrect lead connections, preventing inaccurate readings from swapped polarity.
A battery temperature detecting apparatus uses series resonance circuits to identify individual cells via unique frequencies on shared detection lines.