Superabsorbent polymers and silicone elastomers for use in skin care compositions

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thickened aqueous composition comprising from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of a superabsorbent polymer, from about 0.1% to about 20% of a silicone elastomer; and from about 20% to about 98% of water.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 201380013719.2, entitled "Superabsorbent Polymer and Siloxane Elastomer for Use in Skin Care Compositions," filed by Procter & Gamble, and claims priority to U.S. Patent Application US61 / 612,617. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to a combination of superabsorbent polymers and siloxane elastomers, which are used to improve the appearance and stability of skin care products. Background Technology

[0003] Skincare compositions and methods for emulsifying them are known. However, there is always a need for compositions that look and feel better and are more stable over time. This is especially critical when skincare compositions are protective compositions such as sunscreens. Consumers of these products are constantly seeking newer and longer-lasting compositions.

[0004] Emulsification systems for skincare compositions are known. However, as new materials, active ingredients, and emulsifiers are developed, it is largely up to skincare composition formulators to determine the optimal methods for blending these into consumer products in ways that are pleasing to consumers but superior to existing formulations. Therefore, with each new active ingredient or composition enhancer developed, there is a continuous need to find the optimal blends of ingredients and active ingredients to develop entirely new skincare compositions with qualities superior to existing formulations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention relates to a thickening aqueous composition comprising, by weight, about 0.01% to about 10% of a superabsorbent polymer, about 0.1% to about 20% of a siloxane elastomer, and about 20% to about 98% of water.

[0006] This invention provides better stability over time than aqueous systems thickened with conventional thickener systems. The compositions of this invention also have a lower gloss, providing less reflective coating when applied to human skin, which tends to make the skin appear smoother. Detailed Implementation

[0007] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition. Unless otherwise specified, all measurements are understood to be performed under ambient conditions, where “ambient conditions” means conditions at about 25°C, at about one atmosphere, and at about 50% relative humidity. All numerical ranges are narrower ranges including endpoints; the upper and lower limits of the described ranges are combinable to form additional ranges not explicitly described.

[0008] The compositions of the present invention may comprise, consist of, or be composed of the basic components and optional ingredients described herein. As used herein, “consistently consisting of” means that the composition or component may contain additional ingredients, provided that the additional ingredients do not substantially alter the essential and novel characteristics of the composition or method protected by the claims.

[0009] As used with respect to the composition, “apply” or “spread” means applying or spreading the composition of the present invention onto keratinized tissue such as the epidermis.

[0010] "Keratin" refers to the keratin-containing layer that forms the outermost protective covering of mammals (such as humans, dogs, cats, etc.), including but not limited to skin, lips, hair, toenails, nails, epidermis, hooves, etc.

[0011] "Dermatologically acceptable" means that the composition or component is suitable for contact with human skin tissue without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, etc.

[0012] "Safe and effective amount" refers to an amount of compound or composition that is sufficient to significantly induce positive and beneficial effects.

[0013] "Non-UV" refers to materials that are not considered by professionals in the field of sunscreen formulation to be dermatologically acceptable UV-active absorbing materials.

[0014] "UV active ingredients" refers to materials that are considered by a person skilled in the art of sunscreen formulation to be dermatologically acceptable UV-active absorbing materials. Such UV active ingredients may be described as UV-A and / or UV-B active agents. Regulatory approval generally requires the inclusion of active agents in formulations intended for human use. Those active agents that have been or are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as acceptable for use in over-the-counter sunscreen pharmaceutical products (according to 21C.FR Part 352) include organic and inorganic substances, including but not limited to para-aminobenzoic acid, avobenzone, cinnoxalate, dihydroxybenzone, homosalate, menthyl anthranilate, octyl salicylate, hydroxymethoxybenzone, dimethylaminobenzoic acid, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, sulfoisobenzone, triethanolamine salicylate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, diethanolamine methoxycinnamate, digaloyl trioleate, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, glyceryl aminobenzoate, styraxanthate with dihydroxyacetone, and red petrolatum. Examples of additive sunscreen active ingredients that are not yet approved in the United States but are approved for nonprescription use in other regions and countries such as Europe (as per the European Commission's Cosmetics Directive), Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada include ethylhexyl triazine, dioctyl butylamino triazine, benzyl malonic acid polysiloxane, terephthalimide dicamphor sulfonic acid, disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, hexyl diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl benzoate, bis(diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl benzoate), and bis(benzoyl benzoate). The invention comprises azole phenyl ethylhexyl iminotriazine, cresoltrazol trisiloxane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine, 4-methylbenzyl camphor, and isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate. However, as the list of currently approved materials expands, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to UV-active materials currently approved for human use, but is readily adaptable to those that may be permitted in the future.

[0015] The term "no-rinse" in a composition refers to a composition intended for application to and permitted to remain on the stratum corneum. These no-rinse compositions are distinct from compositions applied to the skin and subsequently removed (within minutes or less) by washing, rinsing, wiping, etc. No-rinse compositions do not include rinse-off applications such as shampoos, facial cleansers, hand washes, shower gels, or body washes. The no-rinse composition may be substantially free of cleansing or detergency surfactants. For example, a "no-rinse composition" may remain on the stratum corneum for at least 15 minutes. For example, a no-rinse composition may contain less than 1% detergency surfactant, less than 0.5% detergency surfactant, or 0% detergency surfactant. However, the composition may contain emulsifying or other processing surfactants that, when applied topically to the skin, are not intended to provide any significant cleansing benefits.

[0016] "Derivatives" refer to ester, ether, amide, hydroxyl, and / or salt structures of related compounds.

[0017] "Solubility" means that at least about 0.1 g of solute can dissolve in 100 mL of solvent at 25°C and 1 atm.

[0018] Superabsorbent polymer

[0019] The term "superabsorbent polymer" should be understood as a polymer capable of spontaneously absorbing at least 20 times its own weight in aqueous fluid (specifically water, and especially distilled water) in its dry state. Such superabsorbent polymers are described in L. Brannon-Pappas and R. Harland's work, "Absorbent Polymer Technology, Studies in Polymer Science 8," published by Elsevier, 1990.

[0020] These polymers have a high capacity to absorb and retain water and aqueous fluids. After absorbing aqueous liquid, the polymer particles impregnated with the aqueous fluid thus remain insoluble in the aqueous fluid and therefore retain their separated granular state.

[0021] Currently, superabsorbent polymers are often produced by polymerizing acrylic acid blended with sodium hydroxide in the presence of an initiator to form sodium polyacrylate (sometimes called sodium polyacrylate). This polymer is the most common type of superabsorbent polymer produced worldwide today. Other materials are also used to prepare superabsorbent polymers, such as polyacrylamide copolymers, ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymers, crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, and starch-grafted copolymers of polyacrylonitrile. The latter is one of the earliest forms of superabsorbent polymers formed. Today, superabsorbent polymers are produced using one of three main methods: gel polymerization, suspension polymerization, or solution polymerization.

[0022] Gel polymerization involves blending a mixture of icy acrylic acid, water, a crosslinking agent, and a UV initiator chemical and placing it on a moving belt or in a large drum. The liquid mixture is then fed into a "reactor," which is a long chamber equipped with a series of strong UV lamps. UV radiation drives the polymerization and crosslinking reactions. The resulting "material" is a viscous gel containing 60-70% water. The material is chopped or ground and placed in various dryers. An additional crosslinking agent may be sprayed onto the surface of the particles; this "surface crosslinking" increases the product's ability to swell under pressure—properties measured by absorbency under load (AUL) or absorbency under pressure (AAP). The dried polymer particles are then sieved to a suitable particle size distribution and packaged. The gel polymerization (GP) method is currently the most common method for preparing sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymers now used in baby diapers and other disposable hygiene products.

[0023] Solution polymers, those made by solution polymerization, offer the absorbency of particulate polymers supplied in solution form. The solution can be diluted with water before application. They can coat most substrates or be used for saturation. After drying at a specified temperature for a specified time, the result is a coated substrate with superabsorbency. For example, this chemical can be applied directly to wires and cables, although it is specifically optimized for use on components such as gadolinium-coated goods or sheet substrates.

[0024] Today, solution-based polymerization is frequently used for the manufacture of SAPs from copolymers—specifically those containing toxic acrylamide monomers. This method is efficient and generally has a lower capital cost base. Solution methods use aqueous monomer solutions to produce a gel from the polymerization of a large volume of reactants. The reaction energy of the polymerization itself (exothermic) drives most of the process, thus contributing to lower manufacturing costs. The reactant polymer gel is then chopped, dried, and milled to its final particle size. Any treatments to enhance the performance properties of the SAP are typically performed after the final particle size has been achieved.

[0025] Superabsorbent polymers can also be produced via suspension polymerization. This method suspends aqueous reactants in a hydrocarbon-based solvent. The net result is that suspension polymerization forms primary polymer particles in the reactor, rather than mechanically forming them in a later reaction stage. Performance enhancements can also occur during or immediately after the reaction stage.

[0026] Superabsorbent polymers can have a water absorption capacity ranging from about 20 to 2000 times their own weight (i.e., 20 g to 2000 g of absorbed water per gram of absorbent polymer), preferably 30 to 1500 times, and more preferably 50 to 1000 times, and even more preferably 400 times. These water absorption properties are defined under standard temperature (25°C) and pressure (760 mm Hg, i.e., 100,000 Pa) conditions for distilled water. The water absorption capacity of the polymer can be determined by dispersing 0.5 g of one or more polymers in 150 g of an aqueous solution, waiting 20 minutes, filtering the unabsorbed solution through a 150 μm filter for 20 minutes, and weighing the unabsorbed water.

[0027] The superabsorbent polymer used in the compositions of the present invention is preferably provided in the form of particles, which, once hydrated, swell and form soft beads with a number-average diameter of 10 μm to 1000 μm.

[0028] The superabsorbent polymer used in this invention is preferably a cross-linked acrylic homopolymer or copolymer, which is preferably neutralized and is provided in granular form.

[0029] Specifically, it may be mentioned that the polymers are made from a selection of the following: cross-linked sodium polyacrylate, such as those sold by Avecia under the names Octacare X100, X110 and RM100, those sold by SNF under the names Flocare GB300 and Flosorb500, those sold by BASF under the names Luquasorb1003, Luquasorb 1010, Luquasorb 1280 and Luquasorb 1100, those sold by Grain Processing under the names Water Lock G400 and G430 (INCI name: acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymer), or Aqua Keep 10SHNF, Aqua Keep 10SH NFC, sodium acrylate cross-linked polymer-2 provided by Sumitomo Seika, acrylic polymers (homopolymers or copolymers), and specifically starch grafted with sodium polyacrylate, such as those from Sanyo Chemical. Those sold by Industries under the names Sanfresh ST-100C, ST100MC, and IM-300MC (INCI name: sodium polyacrylate starch), are hydrolyzed starches grafted onto acrylic polymers (homopolymers or copolymers), specifically acryloylacrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymers, such as those sold by GrainProcessing under the names Water Lock A-240, A-180, B-204, D-223, A-100, C-200, and D-223 (INCI name: starch / acrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymer).

[0030] Preferably, the superabsorbent polymer is sodium polyacrylate starch in its unswollen state, exhibiting a number-average size of less than or equal to 100 μm, preferably less than or equal to 50 μm, for example, in the range of 2 μm to 100 μm, and a median particle size of 25, or preferably a number-average size in the range of about 2 μm to about 40 μm, and a median particle size of 12. The solution viscosity in 1% water is preferably in the range of 20 to 30 Pas at pH 4, even more preferably in the range of 22 to 29 Pas, and in the range of 23 to 28 Pas at pH 7. Preferred superabsorbent polymers include Makimouse 12 and Makimouse 25 supplied by Kobo Products Inc.

[0031] The content of the superabsorbent polymer present as an active material in the composition of the present invention, relative to the total weight of the composition, may be, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, and practically even 0.1 to 2% by weight.

[0032] Siloxane elastomers

[0033] The compositions of the present invention comprise siloxane elastomers, which can be used to reduce the tackiness of the composition and to provide a pleasant feel upon application. A non-limiting example of a usable siloxane elastomer is a crosslinked organopolysiloxane (or siloxane) elastomer, as described in U.S. Patent Publication 2003 / 0049212A1. The elastomer may comprise emulsified and non-emulsified siloxane elastomers. As used herein, “emulsified” means a crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer having at least one polyoxyene (e.g., polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide) or polyglycerol moiety, while “non-emulsified” means a crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer substantially free of polyoxyene or polyglycerol moiety.

[0034] The compositions of the present invention may contain about 0.1% to about 20%, and or about 0.2% to about 10% of a non-emulsified crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer. Non-limiting examples of suitable non-emulsified crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomers include those from Dow Corning. TM Supply of dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / vinyldimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers, and their copolymers, derivatives, and mixtures (e.g., DC 9040, 9041, 9045, 8509, 9546, 9506); by General Electric TMThe supplied C30-45 alkyl cetearyl dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers, cetearyl dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers, and their copolymers, derivatives, and mixtures (e.g., Velvesil) TM 125 and Velvesil TM DM); by Shin Etsu TM Supply of dimethylsiloxane / phenylvinyldimethylsiloxane crosspolymers, vinyldimethylsiloxane / lauryldimethylsiloxane crosspolymers, trifluoropropyldimethylsiloxane / trifluoropropyldivinyldimethylsiloxane crosspolymers, and their copolymers, derivatives, and mixtures (KSG-15, -15AP, -16, -17, -18, -41, -42, -43, -44, -51, -103) and in the form of GRANSIL TM The acquired Grant elastomer industrial production line.

[0035] The compositions of the present invention may comprise about 0.1% to about 20%, and or about 0.2% to about 10%, of an emulsified crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer, as described in U.S. Patents 5,412,004; 5,837,793; and 5,811,487. Non-limiting examples of suitable emulsified elastomers include PEG-12 dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / PEG-10 / 15 crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / PEG-10 crosslinked polymers, PEG-15 / lauryl dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers, trifluoropropyl dimethylsiloxane / PEG-10 crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol-3 crosslinked polymers, and lauryl dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol-3 crosslinked polymers, all manufactured by Shin Etsu. TM Supply (KSG-24, -21 / 210, -31 / 310, -32 / 320, -33 / 330, -34 / 340, -710, -810, -820, -830 and -840); polyoxyethylene modified elastomers formed from divinyl compounds, such as siloxane polymers having at least two free vinyl groups bonded to the polysiloxane backbone via Si-H bonds.

[0036] Suitable siloxane elastomers include many commercial materials. Exemplary polyoxyethylene siloxane elastomers include dimethylsiloxane / PEG-10 / 15 crosspolymer (KSG-210 from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co, Ltd.).

[0037] Examples of alkyl-containing polyoxyethylene siloxane elastomers include PEG-15 lauryl dimethyl siloxane crosspolymers (KSG-310, KSG-320, KSG-330 and KSG-340 from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0038] Examples of polyglycerol-modified siloxane elastomers include dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol-3 crosspolymers (KSG-710 from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0039] Examples of alkyl-containing polyglycerol-modified siloxane elastomers include lauryl dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol-3 crosspolymers (KSG-810, KSG-820, KSG-830 and KSG-840 from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0040] Examples of polyoxypropylene siloxane elastomers include dimethylsiloxane / bisisobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymers (Dow Corning EL-8050, EL-8051, and EL-8052 from Dow Corning Corp.).

[0041] In selected embodiments, the siloxane elastomer is selected from alkyl dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / poly(propylene glycol) crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked polymers, alkyl dimethylsiloxane / poly(propylene glycol) crosslinked polymers, alkyl dimethylsiloxane / poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked polymers, and alkyl dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers.

[0042] Additional thickener

[0043] The compositions of the present invention may contain one or more additional thickeners. When present, the compositions of the present invention may contain about 0.1% to about 5%, or alternatively, about 0.2% to about 2% of a thickener. Suitable classes of thickeners include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, sulfonated polymers, copolymers thereof, hydrophobically modified derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

[0044] A preferred thickener used in this invention is an acrylate-crosslinked siloxane copolymer network (sometimes also referred to as a "polyacrylate siloxane copolymer network"), and its preparation method is fully disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication 2008 / 0051497A1 to Lu et al., published on February 28, 2008. These copolymers comprise the following reaction products:

[0045] a)Ma M H b-h-k M PE h M E k D c D H d-i-l D PE i D E l TeT H f-j-m T PE j T E m Q g and

[0046] b) Stoichiometric or superstoichiometric amounts of acrylate, wherein:

[0047] M = R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO 1 / 2 ;

[0048] M H =R 4 R 5 H SiO 1 / 2 ;

[0049] M PE =R 4 R 5 (--CH2CH(R 9 (R) 10 ) n O(R 11 ) o (C2H4O) p (C3H6O) q (C4H8O) r R 12 SiO 1 / 2 ;

[0050] M E =R 4 R 5 (--R 17 R 18 C--CR 16 Q s Q t R 15 (COC)R 13 R 14 SiO 1 / 2

[0051] D = R6 R 7 SiO 2 / 2 ; and

[0052] D H = R 8 HSiO 2 / 2

[0053] D PE = R 8 (--CH2CH(R 9 )(R 10 ) n O(R 11 ) o (C2H4O) p (C3H6O) q (C4H8O) r R 12 )SiO 2 / 2

[0054] D E = R 8 (--R 17 R 18 C--CR 16 Q s Q t R 15 (COC)-R 13 R 14 )SiO 2 / 2 .

[0055] T H = HSiO 3 / 2 ;

[0056] T PE = (--CH2CH(R 9 )(R 10 ) n O(R 11 ) o (C2H4O) p (C3H6O) q (C4H8O) r R 12 )SiO 3 / 2 ;

[0057] T E = (--R 17 R 18 C--CR 16 Q s Q t R 15 (COC)R 13 R 14 )SiO 3 / 2;and

[0058] Q = SiO 4 / 2 ;

[0059] Among them, R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 R 6 R 7 R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 60 carbon atoms;

[0060] R 9 It is H or an alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 It is a divalent alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms;

[0061] R 11 Choose a divalent group composed of --C2H4O--, --C3H6O--, and --C4H8O--; R 12 It is H, a single functional hydrocarbon group or acetyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 13 R 14 R 15 R 16 R 17 and R 18 Each is independently selected from hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon groups having one to sixty carbon atoms.

[0062] Q t Q is a divalent or trivalent hydrocarbon group having one to sixty carbon atoms. s It is a divalent hydrocarbon group having one to sixty carbon atoms, subject to the following restrictions: when Q t When it is trivalent, R 14 It does not exist and Q s With R 13 Carbon atoms form bonds, where R 16 and R 18They can be either forwards or backwards; subscript a can be zero or positive, subject to the following restriction: when subscript a is zero, subscript b must be positive; subscript b can be zero or positive, subject to the following restriction: when b is zero, subscript a must be positive; subscript c is positive and has a value in the range of approximately 5 to approximately 1,000; subscript d is positive and has a value in the range of approximately 3 to approximately 400; subscript e is zero or positive and has a value in the range of 0 to approximately 50; subscript f is zero or... Positive numbers, and having values ​​in the range of 0 to 30; subscript g is zero or a positive number, and having values ​​in the range of 0 to 20; subscript h is zero or a positive number, and having values ​​in the range of 0 to 2, subject to the following restriction: the sum of subscripts h, i, and j is a positive number; subscript i is zero or a positive number, and having values ​​in the range of 0 to 200, subject to the following restriction: the sum of subscripts h, i, and j is a positive number; subscript j is zero or a positive number, and having values ​​in the range of 0 to 30, subject to the following restriction: Subject to the following restrictions: the sum of subscripts h, i, and j is positive; the subscript k is zero or positive and has a value in the range from 0 to 2, subject to the following restrictions: the sum of subscripts k, l, and m is positive; the subscript l is zero or positive and has a value in the range from 0 to 200, subject to the following restrictions: the sum of subscripts k, l, and m is positive; the subscript m is zero or positive and has a value in the range from 0 to 30, subject to the following restrictions: the sum of subscripts k, l, and m is positive; the subscript n is... Zero or one; subscript o is zero or one; subscript p is zero or a positive number and has a value in the range of 0 to 100, subject to the following restriction: (p+q+r)>0; subscript q is zero or a positive number and has a value in the range of 0 to 100, subject to the following restriction: (p+q+r)>0; subscript r is zero or a positive number and has a value in the range of 0 to 100, subject to the following restriction: (p+q+r)>0; subscript s is zero or one; subscript t is zero or one; and

[0063] c) Free radical initiators.

[0064] As used herein, integer values ​​of stoichiometric subscripts refer to molecular species, and non-integer values ​​of stoichiometric subscripts refer to mixtures of molecular species based on average molecular weight, number average, or molar fractions. The phrases substoichiometry and superstoichiometry refer to the relationship between reactants. Substoichiometry means that the amount of reactant is less than the amount of reactant required for the base portion to react stoichiometrically with the reactants. Superstoichiometry means that the amount of reactant is more than the amount of reactant required for the base portion to react stoichiometrically with the reactants. As used herein, “superstoichiometry” can be equivalent to excess in some contexts, which is either stoichiometric excess (i.e., an integer multiple of the stoichiometric amount) or non-stoichiometric excess.

[0065] As used herein, the term "acrylate" is a collective noun for the following chemical substances: acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or their ester derivatives, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, perfluoroethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, tetraethylene glycol acrylate, tripropylene glycol acrylate, trimethylolpropane acrylate, polyoxyethylene ester, organically modified polysiloxane (e.g., acrylated hydrophilic polysiloxane used as an emulsion precursor in U.S. Patent 6,207,782), anionic acrylates / methacrylates such as sulfate esters, sulfonates, or phosphate esters-functionalized acrylates or mixtures thereof, and any catalyst necessary for reaction with epoxy resins or ethylene oxide groups. Single acrylates or various combinations of acrylates and methacrylates may be used. Preferred acrylate crosslinked siloxane copolymers are polyacrylate crosslinked polymers from Momentive.

[0066] Suitable thickeners include acrylic polymers such as carbomer (e.g., 900 series such as 954). Other suitable carboxylic acid polymerizers include C 10-30 A copolymer of alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers, wherein the monomers are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or their short chains (i.e., C14-C ... 1-4 One type of alcohol ester, wherein the crosslinking agent is an allyl ether of sucrose or pentaerythritol. These copolymers are called acrylate / C 10-30 Alkyl acrylate crosslinked polymer, and in 1342, 1382, PEMULEN TR-1 and PEMULEN TR-2 were purchased from Noveon, Inc.

[0067] Other suitable thickeners include polyacrylamide polymers and copolymers. Exemplary polyacrylamide polymers have the CTFA name “Polyacrylamide and Isoparaffins and Lauryl Polyoxyethylene Ether-7” and are available under the trade name SEPIGEL305 from Seppic Corporation (Fairfield, NJ). Other polyacrylamide polymers that may be used herein include multiblock copolymers of acrylamide and substituted acrylamide with acrylic acid and substituted acrylic acid. Commercially available examples of these multiblock copolymers include HYPANSR150H, SS500V, SS500W, and SSSA100H from Lipo Chemicals, Inc. (Patterson, NJ).

[0068] Other suitable thickeners that may be used in this study are sulfonated polymers, such as sodium polyacrylamide dimethyl taurate (CTFA), available under the trade name Simulgel 800 from Seppic Corp. and under the trade name Viscolam At 100P from Lamberti SpA (Gallarate, Italy). Another commercially available material containing a sulfonated polymer is Sepiplus 400, available from Seppic Corp.

[0069] "Gum" is a term used in the broad sense in this field. Gum includes acacia, agar, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, carrageenan calcium, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, lithium montmorillonite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl deacetylated chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar gum, black privet gum, seaweed, black locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, their derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0070] Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin that can cause a significant increase in viscosity in solution, even at low concentrations. They can be used as thickeners, gelling agents, emulsifiers, and stabilizers. These gums are most commonly found in the lignin of plants or in seed coatings. Natural gums can be classified according to their origin. They can be classified as non-charged polymers or ionic polymers (polyelectrolytes), examples of which include: Natural gums derived from seaweed, such as: agar; alginic acid; sodium alginate; and carrageenan. Natural gums derived from non-marine plant resources include: gum arabic, from the sap of the acacia tree; gum arabic, from the sap of the elm tree; gum tragali, from the sap of the astragalus tree; and gum arabic, from the sap of the sterculia tree. Examples of non-electrolyte gums include: guar gum from guar beans; locust bean gum from carob seeds; beta-glucan from oat or barley bran; gum arabic, an early base for chewing gum derived from the gum tree; damar gum, from the sap of the dipterocarp tree; glucomannan from the konjac plant; mastic gum, a chewing gum from the mastic tree used in ancient Greece; psyllium husk, from plants of the genus Plantago; spruce gum, a chewing gum from the spruce tree used by Native Americans; and tara gum, from the seeds of the tara tree. Natural gums produced by bacterial fermentation include gellan gum and xanthan gum.

[0071] Clay can be used to provide structure or thickening. Suitable clays can be selected from, for example, montmorillonite, bentonite, lithium montmorillonite, palygorskite, sepiolite, synthetic lithium saponite, silicates, and mixtures thereof. Suitable water-dispersible clays include bentonite and lithium montmorillonite (such as Bentone EW, LT from Rheox); magnesium aluminum silicate (such as Veegum from Vanderbilt Co.); palygorskite (such as Attasorb or Pharamasorb from Engelhard, Inc.); synthetic lithium saponite and montmorillonite (such as Gelwhite from ECC America); and mixtures thereof.

[0072] Suitable thickeners include cellulose and modified cellulose compositions, such as carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate-propionic acid-carboxylic acid, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl-substituted cellulose is also suitable for use herein. In these polymers, some portions of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose polymer are hydroxyalkylated (preferably hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form hydroxyalkylated cellulose, which is then bonded via an ether bond with C... 10 -C 30 Further modification with straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. Typically, these polymers are C16-264-3 ... 10 -C 30 Ethers of linear or branched alcohols with hydroxyalkyl cellulose. Examples of alkyl groups that can be used herein include those selected from stearyl, isostearyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl, cocoyl (i.e., alkyl groups of alcohols derived from coconut oil), palmyl, oleyl, linoleyl, linoleyl, castor oilyl, docosyl, and mixtures thereof. Among alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers, a preferred material is the one given by the CTFA name cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, which is an ether of cetyl alcohol and hydroxyethyl cellulose. This material is marketed under the trade name... CS Plus is sold by Quatron Corporation.

[0073] oil phase

[0074] The thickening aqueous phase of this invention can be combined with or emulsified with the oil phase to form an oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water emulsion. The oil can be used to dissolve, disperse, or carry materials that are not suitable for water or water-soluble solvents. The oil is fluid at room temperature. The oil can be volatile or non-volatile. “Non-volatile” means that the material exhibits a vapor pressure of no more than about 0.2 mm Hg at 25°C in one atmosphere and / or has a boiling point of at least about 300°C in one atmosphere. “Volatile” means that the material exhibits a vapor pressure of at least about 0.2 mmHg at 20°C. Volatile oils can be used to provide a light feel when a thick, greasy film is undesirable. Suitable oils include hydrocarbons, esters, amides, ethers, siloxanes, and mixtures thereof.

[0075] Suitable hydrocarbon oils include straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkanes and alkenes. The chain length can be selected based on desired functional properties such as volatility. Suitable volatile hydrocarbons can have between 5 and 20 carbon atoms, or alternatively, between 8 and 16 carbon atoms.

[0076] Other suitable oils include esters. These esters include esters having a hydrocarbon chain derived from a fatty acid or alcohol (e.g., monoesters, polyol esters, and dicarboxylic acid esters and tricarboxylic acid esters). The hydrocarbon group of the ester may contain or have other compatible functional groups covalently bonded to it, such as amide and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether bonds). Exemplary esters include, but are not limited to, isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyl decyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl myristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, C12-15 alkyl benzoates, butyl octyl salicylate, phenethyl benzoate, dioctyl carbonate, dioctyl malate, dioctyl maleate, isononyl isononyl didecanoate, propylene glycol didecanoate, diisopropyl adipate, dibutyl adipate, and oleyl adipate. Other suitable esters are further described in the Personal Care Product Council's "International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and..." In the 13th edition (2010) of the Handbook, under the functional category of "esters," other esters suitable for use in personal care compositions include those known as polyol esters and glycerides.

[0077] Other suitable oils include amides. Amides include compounds having an amide functional group that are liquid at 25°C and insoluble in water. Suitable amides include, but are not limited to, N-acetyl-N-butylaminopropionate, N-lauroylsarcosine isopropyl ester, butylphthalimide, isopropylphthalimide, and N,N,-diethyltoluamide. Other suitable amides are disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,872,401.

[0078] Other suitable oils include ethers. Suitable ethers include saturated and unsaturated fatty ethers of polyols, and their alkoxylated derivatives. Exemplary ethers include, but are not limited to, C64 of polypropylene glycol. 4-20 Alkyl ethers and di-C 8-30 Alkyl ethers. Suitable examples of these materials include PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, PPG-11 stearyl ether, dioctyl ether, dodecyl octyl ether, and mixtures thereof.

[0079] Suitable silicone oils include polysiloxanes. Polysiloxanes can have a viscosity of about 0.5 to about 1,000,000 centistokes at 25°C. Such polysiloxanes can be represented by the following general chemical formula:

[0080] R3SiO[R2SiO] x SiR3

[0081] R is independently selected from hydrogen or C. 1-30 The polysiloxane is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, phenyl, or aryl, or trialkylsiloxy; and x is an integer from 0 to about 10,000, chosen to achieve the desired molecule. In some embodiments, R is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. Commercially available polysiloxanes include polydimethylsiloxanes also known as dimethylsiloxanes, examples of which include the DM-Fluid series from Shin-Etsu and those sold by Momentive Performance Materials Inc. The series, and Dow sold by Dow Corning Corporation 200 series. Specific examples of suitable polydimethylsiloxanes include Dow 200 fluid (also as PMX-200Silicone Fluids (available for sale) are available in viscosities of 0.65, 1.5, 50, 100, 350, 10,000, 12,500, 100,000 and 300,000 centiliters.

[0082] Suitable dimethylsiloxanes include those represented by the following chemical formulas:

[0083] R3SiO[R2SiO]x [RR'SiO] y SiR3

[0084] Where R and R' are each independently hydrogen or C. 1-30 Straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, or trialkylsiloxy groups; and x and y are each integers from 1 to 1,000,000, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight. Suitable siloxanes include phenyl dimethylsiloxane (Botansil... TM PD-151 (from Botanigenic, Inc.), diphenyldimethylsiloxane (KF-53 and KF-54, from Shin-Etsu), phenyltrimethylsiloxane (556 CosmeticGrade Fluid, from Dow Corning), or trimethylsiloxyphenyldimethylsiloxane (PDM-20, PDM-200, or PDM-1000, from Wacker-Belsil). Other examples include alkyldimethylsiloxanes, wherein at least R' is an aliphatic alkyl group (e.g., C). 12-22 Suitable alkyl dimethylsiloxanes are cetyl dimethylsiloxanes, wherein R' is a C16 straight chain and R is a methyl group. Cetyl dimethylsiloxanes are available from Dow Corning as S 2502 Cosmetic Fluid, or from Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH as Abil Wax 9801 or 9814.

[0085] Cyclic siloxanes are a type of silicone oil that can be used in the composition. These siloxanes have the following general formula:

[0086]

[0087] R is independently selected from hydrogen or C. 1-30 Straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, phenyl, or aryl, trialkylsiloxy groups; wherein n = 3-8, and mixtures thereof. Typically, mixtures of cyclomethylsiloxanes are used, wherein n is 4, 5, and / or 6. Commercially available cyclomethylsiloxanes include Dow Corning UP-1001 Ultra PureFluid (i.e., n = 4), Dow Corning... PMX-0245 (i.e. n=5), Dow Corning PMX-0245 (i.e., n=6), Dow Corning 245 fluid (i.e., n=4 and 5), and Dow Corning 345 fluid (i.e., n=4, 5, and 6).

[0088] UV-active substances

[0089] The compositions of the present invention may contain a UV-active substance. As used herein, “UV-active substance” includes both sunscreens and physical sunscreens. Suitable UV-active substances may be organic or inorganic. Suitable UV-active substances are listed in the “Sunscreens” functional category of the 13th edition of the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 2010, published by the PersonalCare Product Council. The compositions may contain a UV-active substance as specified or proposed by a U.S. regulatory agency (e.g., 21 CFR Part 352, 68 Federal Register 41386, 70 Federal Register 72449, or 71 Federal Register 42405), Europe (European Parliament Regulation 1223 / 2009; Annex VI), Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada. In specific embodiments, the compositions contain about 1%, 2%, or 3% to about 40%, 30%, or 20% of the UV-active substance by weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the composition may contain sufficient amounts of UV-active material to obtain a sun protection factor of at least about 15, 30, 45, or 50. SPF testing is routine and well known in the art. Suitable SPF testing is specified in 21C.FR352, subsection D.

[0090] Suitable UV-active materials include benzoylmethane derivatives, including 2-methylbenzoylmethane, 4-methylbenzoylmethane, 4-isopropylbenzoylmethane, 4-tert-butyl-dibenzoylmethane, 2,4-dimethylbenzoylmethane, 2,5-dimethylbenzoylmethane, 4,4'-diisopropylbenzoylmethane, 4,4'-dimethoxybenzoylmethane, 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxybenzoylmethane (i.e., butylmethoxybenzoylmethane or avobenzone) 1789 (obtained commercially from DSM), 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane, 2-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane, 2,4-dimethyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane, and 2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane. Other suitable UV active materials include 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (as... MCX (obtained from DSM), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, benzophenone-3 (i.e., hydroxymethoxybenzophenone), octyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoic acid, diglyceride, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, ethyl 4-(bis(hydroxypropyl))aminobenzoate, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate-2-ethylhexyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, menthol salicylate, glyceryl para-aminobenzoate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid or aminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, benzo[a](p-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-sulfonic acid Azoleic acid, octyl cyanobenzyl acrylate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and mixtures of these compounds.

[0091] Other suitable UV-active materials include 4-methylbenzyl camphor (in the form of...) 5000 obtained from DSM or Eusolex 6300 obtained from Merck), methylene bisbenzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (i.e., bisoctrizole, obtained from Merck), M was purchased from BASF), bis(ethylhexyloxyphenol) methoxyphenol triazine (i.e., bemotrizinol), and so on. S was purchased from BASF), disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate (i.e., disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, in Neo AP was purchased from Symrise, and ethylhexyl triazine (as...) T 150 was purchased from BASF), cresoltrazol trisiloxane (sold as Mexoryl XL by L'Oreal), sodium dihydroxydimethoxydisulfonylbenzophenone (i.e., benzophenone-9, sold as Mexoryl XL by L'Oreal), and sodium dihydroxydimethoxydisulfonylbenzophenone (i.e., benzophenone-9). DS 49 was purchased from BASF), and hexyl diethylaminohydroxybenzoylbenzoate (as... A Plus obtained it from BASF), diethylhexylbutyrylaminotriazinone (i.e., Iscotrizinol), and other similar products. HEB was obtained commercially from 3V Sigma), polysiloxane-15 (i.e., as... SLX was obtained commercially from DSM), and isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate (i.e., amiloride, sold under Neo) E 1000 (obtained commercially from Symrise), and mixtures thereof.

[0092] The UV-active material of the present invention can be encapsulated. Examples of commercially available encapsulated sunscreen active ingredients include, but are not limited to: Eusolex UV-Pearls 2292 (Merck / EMD Chemicals), which comprises water, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, silica, phenoxyethanol, PVP, chlorophenylglycerol ether, disodium EDTA, and BHT; Silasoma ME (Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), which comprises water, polysiloxane-14, and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; Silasoma MEA (Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), which comprises water, polysiloxane-14, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane; Silasoma MEP(S) (Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), which comprises water, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl benzoate, and polysiloxane-14; Suncaps 664 (Particle Particle Sciences, Inc., which includes ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, synthetic beeswax, PEG-20, carnauba wax, bis-PEG-12 dimethylsiloxane, beeswax, VP / eicosene copolymer, sorbitol tristearate, stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-100, and PEG-100 stearate; Suncaps 903 (Particle Sciences, Inc.), which includes ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, synthetic beeswax, PEG-20, carnauba wax, bis-PEG-12 dimethylsiloxane, beeswax, VP / eicosene copolymer, sorbitol tristearate, stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-100, and PEG-100 stearate; UV Pearls OMC (Sol Gel Technologies), which includes ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and silica; OMC-BMDBM (Sol Gel... Technologies, comprising ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, and silica; Tinosorb S Aqua (BASF), comprising bis(ethylhexyloxyphenol)methoxyphenyltriazine and polymethyl methacrylate; Hybrid ABOS (Kobo), comprising polymethyl methacrylate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, and octyl salicylate; and Hybrid ABOMC (Kobo), comprising polymethyl methacrylate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate.

[0093] Light stabilizers

[0094] When UV-active substances are used in the compositions of the present invention, they may contain light stabilizers. The compositions may contain one or more suitable light stabilizers in amounts of about 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% by weight of the composition, to about 20%, 10%, 7%, or 5%.

[0095] Suitable light stabilizers are α-cyanodiphenyl acrylates as disclosed in U.S. Patent 7,713,519. α-Cyanodiphenyl acrylates may have the following general formula:

[0096]

[0097] In this configuration, one or both of R1 and R2 are independently a straight-chain or branched C1-30 alkoxy group, and any non-alkoxy R1 or R2 group is hydrogen; and R3 is a straight-chain or branched C1-30 alkyl group. Alternatively, one or both of R1 and R2 are independently a C1-8 alkoxy group, and any non-alkoxy R1 or R2 group is hydrogen; and R3 is a straight-chain or branched C2-20 alkyl group. Alternatively, one or both of R1 and R2 are independently methoxy, and any non-methoxy R1 or R2 is hydrogen; and R3 is a straight-chain or branched C2-20 alkyl group.

[0098] Suitable α-cyanodiphenyl acrylates are ethylhexyl methoxy lyein or 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylacrylate 2-ethylhexyl ester, wherein R1 is methoxy, R2 is hydrogen, and R3 is 2-ethylhexyl. This material is marketed under the trade name... S1 was purchased from Hallstar Company.

[0099] Another suitable light stabilizer includes diesters or polyesters of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, as disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,993,789, 6,113,931, 6,126,925, and 6,284,916. Suitable diesters or polyesters of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid may have the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] Each R 1 Independently an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or having the formula HO-R 2 diols with -OH groups, or those having the formula HO-R 3 -(-OR 2 -) m Polyethylene glycol with -OH groups, wherein R 2 and R 3Whether identical or different, each is a straight-chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein m and n are each 1 to about 100, 1 to about 10, or 2 to about 7. Suitable diesters of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid are... TQ purchased diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate from Symrise.

[0102] Another suitable light stabilizer is a 4-hydroxybenzylmalonate derivative or a 4-hydroxycinnamate derivative. Suitable materials may have the following formula:

[0103]

[0104] Wherein A is a chromophore that absorbs UV radiation, comprising one divalent group or two monovalent groups, and at least one group having a carbonyl (C═O) functional group; R' is hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched C1-C8 alkyl group, or a straight-chain or branched C1-C8 alkoxy group; and R” is a straight-chain or branched C1-C8 alkyl group. Exemplary compounds include ethyl α-cyano-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamate, ethyl α-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamate, isopropyl α-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamate, and α-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamate. Isoamyl 4-hydroxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl α-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamate, diethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, diisoamyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, dodecyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, dipalmitoyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, and diisopropyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate. Specifically, suitable compounds are those marketed under trade names. ST purchased diethylhexyl eugenyl malonate (INCI name) from EMD Chemical, Inc. Suitable additional 4-hydroxybenzyl malonate derivatives or 4-hydroxycinnamate derivatives are disclosed in U.S. Patent 7,357,919 and U.S. Patent Application Publications 2003 / 0108492A1 and US2003 / 0157035A.

[0105] Other suitable light stabilizers include 2-pyrrolidone-4-carboxylate compounds as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2010 / 0183529; silane-containing s-triazines substituted with two aminobenzoate or aminobenzamide groups as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2008 / 0145324; fluorene derivatives as described in U.S. Patent Application Publications 2004 / 00579912, 2004 / 00579914, 200 / 00579916, and 2004 / 062726; and piperidine alcohol salts as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2005 / 0220727, including those marketed under trade names. Q is tris(tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol) citrate sold by Ciba; and arylalkylamides and esters as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2008 / 0019930.

[0106] Other suitable light stabilizers are listed in the 13th edition of the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Personal Care Product Council, 2010, under the functional category of "light stabilizers".

[0107] emulsifier

[0108] The compositions of the present invention may contain an emulsifier. An emulsifier is particularly suitable when the phase is in the form of an emulsion, or when immiscible materials are combined. The phase may contain about 0.01%, 0.05%, or 0.1% to about 10%, 5%, or 2% of an emulsifier. The emulsifier may be nonionic, anionic, or cationic. Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,755,560, U.S. Patent 4,421,769, and McCutcheon’s *Emulsifiers and Detergents* (2010 Yearbook Edition, published by MC Publishing Co.). Other suitable emulsifiers are further described in the 13th edition of the *International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook*, 2006, under the functional category “Surfactants – Emulsifiers”, published by the Personal Care Product Council.

[0109] Suitable emulsifiers include the following classes of ethers and esters: ethers of polyethylene glycol and fatty alcohols, esters of polyethylene glycol and fatty acids, glycosylated ethers of polyethylene glycol and fatty alcohols, glycosylated esters of polyethylene glycol and fatty acids, C... 12-30 Ethers of alcohols and glycerol or polyglycerol, C 12-30Fatty acid and glycerol or polyglycerol esters, oxidized olefins modified C 12-30 Ethers of alcohols and glycerol or polyglycerol, C 12-30 Fatty alcohols and ethers of sucrose or glucose, sucrose and C 12-30 Fatty acid esters, pentaerythritol and C 12-30 Fatty acid esters, sorbitol and / or dehydrated sorbitol and C 12-30 Fatty acid esters, sorbitol and / or dehydrated sorbitol and alkoxylated dehydrated sorbitol ethers, polyethylene glycol and cholesterol ethers, C 12-30 Esters of fatty acids and alkoxylated ethers of sorbitol and / or dehydrated sorbitol, and combinations thereof.

[0110] Siloxane emulsifiers can be used in this phase. Both linear and branched types of siloxane emulsifiers can be used. Specific available siloxane emulsifiers include polyether-modified siloxanes such as KF-6011, KF-6012, KF-6013, KF-6015, KF-6017, KF-6043, KF-6028, and KF-6038, as well as polyglycerol-esterified linear or branched siloxane emulsifiers such as F-6100, KF-6104, and KF-6105; all from Shin Etsu.

[0111] fatty alcohols

[0112] The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols typically comprise monohydric alcohols having 8-22 carbon atoms, but longer-chain alcohols with more than 30 carbon atoms may be used. The fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated. The fatty alcohols may be straight-chain or branched. Specifically, the phase may comprise a straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol having a terminal hydroxyl group. Suitable fatty alcohols include decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol, and docosyl alcohol. The phase may comprise about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 5% to about 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of the fatty alcohol.

[0113] Skin active ingredients

[0114] The compositions of the present invention may contain at least one additional skin-care active ingredient. Many skin-care active ingredients can provide more than one beneficial effect or operate via more than one mode of action; therefore, the classification herein is for convenience and is not intended to limit the active ingredients to one or more specific applications listed.

[0115] Vitamins

[0116] The compositions of the present invention may comprise about 0.0001% to about 50%, or about 0.001% to about 10%, and or about 0.01% to about 5% of one or more vitamins. Hereinafter, “vitamin” means vitamin, previtamin, and their salts, isomers, and derivatives. Non-limiting examples of suitable vitamins include: vitamin B compounds (including B1 compounds, B2 compounds, B3 compounds such as nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, tocopheryl nicotinate, C1-C18 nicotinate, and nicotinyl alcohol; B5 compounds such as panthenol or “pre-B5”, pantothenic acid, ubiquitin, B6 compounds such as pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, carnitine, thiamine, riboflavin), vitamin A compounds, and all natural and / or synthetic analogues of vitamin A, including retinoids, retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde, and retinyl propionate. The composition comprises carotenoids (provitamin A), and other compounds having the biological activity of vitamin A; vitamin D compounds; vitamin K compounds; vitamin E compounds or tocopherols, including tocopherol sorbate, tocopherol acetate, other esters of tocopherol, and tocopherol compounds; vitamin C compounds, including ascorbates, ascorbates of fatty acids, and ascorbate derivatives, such as ascorbate phosphates like magnesium ascorbate phosphate and sodium ascorbate phosphate, ascorbate glucoside and ascorbate sorbate; and vitamin F compounds, such as saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a vitamin selected from vitamin B compounds, vitamin C compounds, vitamin E compounds, and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the vitamin is selected from nicotinamide, tocopherol nicotinate, pyridoxine, panthenol, vitamin E, vitamin E acetate, ascorbate phosphate, ascorbate glucoside, and mixtures thereof.

[0117] Peptides and peptide derivatives

[0118] The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more peptides. Hereinafter, “peptide” means a peptide comprising ten or fewer amino acids, its derivatives, isomers, and complexes with other substances such as metal ions (e.g., copper, zinc, manganese, and magnesium). As used herein, peptide refers to both naturally occurring peptides and synthetic peptides. In one embodiment, the peptide is a dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide, pentapeptide, and hexapeptide, its salts, isomers, derivatives, and mixtures thereof. Examples of usable peptide derivatives include, but are not limited to, peptides derived from soy protein, carnosine (β-alanine histidine), palmitoyl-lysine-threonine (pal-KT), and palmitoyl-lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine (pal-KTTKS, present in what is known as…). In the composition), palmitoyl-glycine-glutamine-proline-arginine (pal-GQPR, present in what is called In the composition), these three ingredients are available from Sederma (France), acetyl-glutamate-glutamate-methionine-glutamine-arginine-arginine (Ac-EEMQRR, ), and Cu-histidine-glycine-glycine (Cu-HGG, also known as ).

[0119] The composition may contain about 1×10 -7 % to about 20%, or about 1×10 -6 % to about 10%, and or about 1×10 -5 % to about 5% of peptides.

[0120] glycoamines

[0121] The compositions of the present invention may comprise glycosamines (also known as amino sugars) and their salts, isomers, tautomers, and derivatives. Glycosamines may be of synthetic or natural origin and may be used as pure compounds or as mixtures of compounds (e.g., mixtures of extracts from natural sources or synthetic materials). For example, glucosamines are generally found in many shellfish and may also be derived from fungal sources. Glycosamine compounds that can be used in the present invention include, for example, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and those described in PCT Publication WO 02 / 076423 and U.S. Patent 6,159,485 to Yu et al. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.01% to about 15%, or about 0.1% to about 10%, and or about 0.5% to about 5% of a glycosamine.

[0122] The compositions of the present invention also contain non-vitamin antioxidants and free radical scavengers, hair growth regulators, flavonoids, minerals, preservatives, phytosterols and / or plant hormones, protease inhibitors, tyrosinase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, and N-acyl amino acid compounds.

[0123] Suitable non-vitamin antioxidants and free radical scavengers include, but are not limited to, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and L-ergothioneine (in the form of THIOTANE). TM (Purchased); Tetrahydrocurcumin, Cetylpyridine chloride Carnosine, diethylhexyl syringite (in OXYNEX) TM (Purchased); hexadecyl-8-ene-1,16-dicarboxylic acid (octadecenoic acid; from Uniqema's ARLATONE) TM Dioic DCA), ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10), tea extracts (including green tea extract, yeast extract or yeast culture medium (e.g.) ), and their combinations.

[0124] Suitable hair growth regulators include, but are not limited to, deoxyphenobarbital, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), hexanediol, panthenol and pantothenic acid derivatives, their isomers, salts and derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0125] Suitable minerals include zinc, manganese, magnesium, copper, iron, selenium, and other mineral supplements. "Minerals" should be understood to include minerals in various oxidation states, mineral complexes, their salts, derivatives, and combinations thereof.

[0126] Suitable examples of phytosterols (plant hormones) and / or plant hormones include, but are not limited to, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, brassosterol, kinetin, zeatin, and mixtures thereof.

[0127] Suitable protease inhibitors include, but are not limited to, deoxyphenobarbital, vanillin acetate, menthyl anthranilate, soybean trypsin inhibitors, Bowman-Birk inhibitors, and mixtures thereof.

[0128] Suitable tyrosinase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, sinablanca (mustard seed extract), tetrahydrocurcumin, and cetylpyridine chloride. And their mixtures.

[0129] Suitable anti-inflammatory agents include, but are not limited to, glycyrrhizic acid (also known as glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizin saponin), glycyrrhetinic acid, other licorice extracts, and combinations thereof.

[0130] Suitable N-acyl amino acid compounds include, but are not limited to, N-acylphenylalanine, N-acyltyrosine, their isomers (including their D and L isomers), their salts, derivatives, and mixtures. An example of a suitable N-acyl amino acid is N-undecenoyl-L-phenylalanine, which can be marketed under various trade names. Purchased from Seppic (France).

[0131] Other available skincare active ingredients include moisturizers and / or conditioners such as glycerin, petrolatum, caffeine, and urea; yeast extracts (e.g., Pitera) TM Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its analogues and derivatives; exfoliating agents, including α- and β-hydroxy acids, α-keto acids, glycolic acid and capryloyl salicylate; antimicrobial agents; anti-dandruff agents such as hydroxymethylpyrazine ethanolamine, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbazide (triclosan), triclocarban and zinc pyrithione; dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE); creatine; skin brightening agents such as kojic acid, mulberry extract, hydroquinone, arbutin and deoxyarbutin; (no-sun) tanning agents, such as dihydroxyacetone (DHA); isomers, salts and derivatives of any of the foregoing; and mixtures thereof.

[0132] wetting agent

[0133] The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more wetting agents. When present, the compositions of the present invention may comprise about 1% to about 30%; or about 2% to about 20%; or alternatively, about 3% to about 15% of a wetting agent. An exemplary class of wetting agents is polyols. Suitable polyols include polyalkylene glycols and alkylene polyols and their derivatives, including propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and their derivatives; sorbitol; hydroxypropyl sorbitol; erythritol; threitol; pentaerythritol; xylitol; glucitol; mannitol; hexanediol; butylene glycol (e.g., 1,3-butanediol); pentanediol; glycerol (e.g., 1,2,6-hexanetriol); glycerin; ethoxylated glycerin; and propoxylated glycerin.

[0134] Other suitable humectants include sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, guanidine; glycolic acid and glycolates (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkylammonium); lactic acid and lactates (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkylammonium); aloe vera in any of the following forms (e.g., aloe vera gel); hyaluronic acid and its derivatives (e.g., salt derivatives such as sodium hyaluronate); lactamide monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; urea; panthenol; sodium pyroglutamate (NaPCA); and water-soluble poly(meth)acrylate lubricants (such as... ) and their mixtures.

[0135] Granular materials

[0136] The compositions of the present invention may comprise about 0.001% to about 40%, or about 1% to about 30%, and or about 2% to about 20% of one or more granular materials and / or cosmetic powders. Non-limiting examples of suitable powders include inorganic powders (e.g., iron oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide), organic powders, composite powders, optical brightener particles, and mixtures of any of the foregoing. These particles may be, for example, flake-shaped, spherical, elongated, needle-shaped, or irregularly shaped; surface-coated or uncoated; porous or non-porous; charged or uncharged; and may be added to the present composition as a powder or as a pre-dispersion. In one embodiment, the granular material is hydrophobically coated.

[0137] Suitable organic powder or granular materials include, but are not limited to, microspheres selected from methyl silsesquioxane resins, such as Tospearl. TM 145A (Toshiba Silicone) polymer particles; polymethyl methacrylate microspheres, such as Micropearl. TM M 100 (Seppic); spherical particles of cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, such as Trefil TME 506C or Trefil TM E 505C (Dow Corning Toray Silicone); Spherical particles of polyamide, such as Nylon-12 and Orgasol. TM 2002D Nat C05 (Atochem); Polystyrene microspheres, for example under the name Dynospheres TM Dyno granules for sale, and FloBead TM EA209 (Kobo) sells ethylene acrylate copolymers; aluminum octenyl succinate starch, such as Dry Flo. TM (Akzo Nobel); cassava granules coated with polymethylsilsesquioxane, such as Dry Flo TS TM (Akzo Nobel); Polyethylene microspheres, such as Microthene TM FN510-00 (Equistar), siloxane resin, polymethylsilsesquioxane siloxane polymer, flake powder made of L-lauroyl lysine, and mixtures thereof.

[0138] The compositions of the present invention also comprise interference pigments, including hydrophobically modified interference pigments. Hereinafter, "interference pigment" refers to sheet-like layered particles having two or more layers of controlled thickness. The layers have different refractive indices that produce characteristic reflected colors derived from interference of light reflections, typically two but occasionally more, from different layers of the sheet-like particles. An example of an interference pigment is mica having TiO2, Fe2O3, silica, tin oxide, and / or Cr2O3 films of about 50–300 nm, and including pearlescent pigments. Interference pigments are commercially available from a wide range of suppliers, such as Rona (Timiron). TM and Dichrona TM ), Presperse (Flonac) TM Englehard (Duochrome) TM ), Kobo (SK-45-R and SK-45-G), BASF (Sicopearls) TM ) and Eckart (Prestige TM In one embodiment, the average diameter of the longest side of each particle of the interference pigment is less than about 75 micrometers, and or less than about 50 micrometers.

[0139] Colorant

[0140] The compositions of the present invention may contain about 0.00001% to about 25%, and or about 0.01% to about 10% of a colorant. Non-limiting classes of suitable colorants include, but are not limited to, organic and / or inorganic pigments, natural and / or synthetic dyes, lakes including FD&C and / or D&C lakes, and blends and mixtures of any of the foregoing.

[0141] Non-limiting examples of suitable colorants include iron oxide, ammonium iron ferrous cyanide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue and chromium trioxide, phthalocyanine blue and phthalocyanine green pigments, encapsulated dyes, inorganic white pigments such as TiO2, ZnO or ZrO2, FD&C dyes, D&C dyes, and mixtures thereof.

[0142] Oil control agent

[0143] The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more compounds that can be used to regulate the production of skin oil or sebum and to improve the appearance of oily skin. Examples of suitable oil-controlling agents include salicylic acid, dehydroacetic acid, benzoyl peroxide, vitamin B3 compounds (e.g., niacinamide or tocopheryl nicotinate), their isomers, esters, salts and derivatives, and mixtures thereof. The compositions may contain about 0.0001% to about 15%, or about 0.01% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5%, and or about 0.2% to about 2% of an oil-controlling agent.

[0144] Example

[0145] The following is an example of an aqueous composition prepared by first combining and mixing the aqueous phase components until homogeneous. Next, a thickener is added and the composition is mixed again until homogeneous. Finally, an elastomer is added and the composition is mixed and / or ground (e.g., with a rotor-stator mill) until homogeneous.

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] 1 palmitoyl-lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine, from Sederma

[0149] 2-octylmethyl polysiloxane and PEG-12 dimethylsiloxane / PPG-20 crosspolymer, from Dow Corning

[0150] 3PEG-15 / lauryl dimethylsiloxane crosspolymer and isododecane, from Shinetsu

[0151] 4. Xanthan gum, from CP Kelco

[0152] 5. Magnesium aluminum silicate, from RT Vanderbilt Inc.

[0153] 6-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, from Dow Chemical Co.

[0154] 7 Sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane and polysorbate 80, from Seppic

[0155] 8. Polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffins, and lauryl polyoxyethylene ether-7, from Seppic

[0156] 9. Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0157] 10 Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0158] 11 Sodium polyacrylate, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0159] emulsion composition

[0160] The following are examples of emulsion compositions that utilize a combination of superabsorbent polymers and siloxane elastomers.

[0161] The compositions in Examples 8 to 14 were prepared as follows. In a suitable container, the aqueous phase components were combined and heated to 75°C. In a separate suitable container, the oil phase components were combined and heated to 75°C. The oil phase was then added to the aqueous phase, and the resulting emulsion was milled (e.g., using a rotor-stator mill). A thickener was then added to the emulsion while stirring, and the emulsion was cooled to 45°C. At 45°C, the remaining additional components were added. The product was then cooled to 30°C while stirring, milled again, and then poured into a suitable container.

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] 1 palmitoyl-lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine, from Sederma

[0165] 2. Isodecyl neopentanoate and dimethylsiloxane / bisisobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer, from Dow Corning

[0166] 3-Cyclopentasiloxane and dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymer, from Dow Corning

[0167] 4. Xanthan gum, from CP Kelco

[0168] 5. Magnesium aluminum silicate, from RT Vanderbilt Inc.

[0169] 6-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, from Dow Chemical Co.

[0170] 7 Sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane and polysorbate 80, from Seppic

[0171] 8. Polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffins, and lauryl polyoxyethylene ether-7, from Seppic

[0172] 9. Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0173] 10 Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0174] 11 Sodium polyacrylate, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0175] 12-Octylmethyl polysiloxane and PEG-12 dimethylsiloxane / PPG-20 crosspolymer

[0176] 13. Cassava flour, from Akzo Nobel

[0177] 14. Cassava and polymethylsilsesquioxane, from Akzo Nobel

[0178] The compositions in Examples 15 to 21 were prepared as follows. In a suitable container, the aqueous phase components were combined and stirred until homogeneous, with slight heating if necessary. In a separate suitable container, the oil phase components were combined and mixed until homogeneous. The oil phase was then added to the aqueous phase, and the resulting emulsion was milled (e.g., using a rotor-stator mill). A thickener was then added to the emulsion, and the emulsion was stirred until homogeneous. The remaining components were then added, the batch was stirred until homogeneous, the batch was milled again, and then the batch was poured into a suitable container.

[0179]

[0180]

[0181]

[0182] 1 palmitoyl-lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine, purchased from Sederma (France).

[0183] 2-Cyclopentasiloxane and dimethylsiloxane crosspolymer, from Dow Corning

[0184] 3. Dimethylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxane crosspolymer, from Dow Corning

[0185] 4. Cyclopentasiloxane and dimethylsiloxane / vinyldimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymers, from Shin Etsu

[0186] 5-Cyclopentasiloxane and C30-45-alkyl cetearyl dimethylsiloxane crosslinked polymer, from Momentive

[0187] 6. Isodecyl neopentanoate and dimethylsiloxane / bisisobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer, from Dow Corning

[0188] 7. Dimethylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxanol, from Dow Corning

[0189] 8 xanthan gum, from CP Kelco

[0190] 9. Magnesium aluminum silicate, from RT Vanderbilt Inc.

[0191] 10-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, from Dow Chemical Co.

[0192] 11 Sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane and polysorbate 80, from Seppic

[0193] 12. Polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffins, and lauryl polyoxyethylene ether-7, from Seppic

[0194] 13. Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0195] 14. Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0196] 15 Sodium polyacrylate, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0197] 16-octylmethyl polysiloxane and PEG-12 dimethylsiloxane / PPG-20 crosspolymer

[0198] 17. Cassava powder, from Akzo Nobel

[0199] 18. Cassava and polymethylsilsesquioxane, from Akzo Nobel

[0200] Sunscreen Composition

[0201] The following are examples of sunscreen compositions utilizing a combination of a superabsorbent polymer and a silicone elastomer. The compositions in Examples 22 to 27 were prepared as follows: The aqueous phase components were combined in a suitable container and heated to 75°C. The oil phase components were combined in a separate suitable container and heated to 75°C. The oil phase was then added to the aqueous phase, and the resulting emulsion was milled (e.g., using a rotor-stator mill). A thickener was then added to the emulsion while stirring, and the emulsion was cooled to 45°C. At 45°C, the remaining additional ingredients were added. The product was then cooled to 30°C while stirring, milled again, and then poured into a suitable container.

[0202]

[0203]

[0204] 1. Isodecyl neovalerate and dimethylsiloxane / bisisobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer, from Dow Corning 2. Bemotrizinol, from BASF

[0205] 3-Ethylhexylmethoxysulfuron, from Hallstar

[0206] 4. Xanthan gum, from CP Kelco

[0207] 5. Magnesium aluminum silicate, from RT Vanderbilt Inc.

[0208] 6-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, from Dow Chemical Co.

[0209] 7 Sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane and polysorbate 80, from Seppic

[0210] 8. Polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffins, and lauryl polyoxyethylene ether-7, from Seppic

[0211] 9. Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0212] 10 Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0213] 11 Sodium polyacrylate, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0214] 12-Octylmethyl polysiloxane and PEG-12 dimethylsiloxane / PPG-20 crosspolymer

[0215] 13. Cassava flour, from Akzo Nobel

[0216] 14. Cassava and polymethylsilsesquioxane, from Akzo Nobel

[0217] 15 Bisoctrizole, decyl glucoside, xanthan gum, propylene glycol, and water, from BASF

[0218] 16-Dimethylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxanol, from Dow Corning

[0219] Examples demonstrate the beneficial effects of combining superabsorbent polymers and elastomers.

[0220] The beneficial effects of the combination of the present invention include improved skin appearance and improved product stability. As provided by the data below, both beneficial effects are unexpected, surprising, and synergistic, depending on the individual components.

[0221] The improved skin appearance of a product is confirmed by measuring "gloss." Specifically, it is known that visually reduced gloss on the skin reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In vitro gloss testing is often used to predict the effect of a product on skin gloss. For this in vitro gloss test, a thin film of the product is cast onto a substrate using a stretch bar coater (BYK Gardner) or a similar device, the product film is allowed to dry, and then the gloss of the resulting dried product film is measured using an instrument called a gloss meter (BYK Gardner).

[0222] To test the effect of the present invention on gloss, the following four compositions were prepared as follows: The aqueous phase components were combined in a suitable container and heated to 75°C. The oil phase components were combined in a separate suitable container and heated to 75°C. The oil phase was then added to the aqueous phase, and the resulting emulsion was milled (e.g., using a rotor-stator mill). A thickener was then added to the emulsion while stirring, and the emulsion was cooled. The elastomeric phase components were combined separately and mixed until homogeneous. When the emulsion cooled to 55°C, the elastomeric phase and the remaining additional components were added. The product was then cooled to 30°C while stirring, milled again, and then poured into a suitable container.

[0223]

[0224]

[0225] 1. Cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol, from Cognis

[0226] 2-Isododecane and dimethylsiloxane / bisisobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer, from Dow Corning

[0227] 3. Xanthan gum, from CP Kelco

[0228] 4. Sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane, and polysorbate 80, from Seppic 5. Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0229] 6. Polyethylene homopolymer, from Equistar

[0230] 7 Nylon-12, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0231] 8. Dimethylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxanol, from Dow Corning

[0232] 9-Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, from Lonza

[0233] Next, as described above, these four formulations were subjected to an in vitro gloss test. As can be seen from the test results provided below, both the superabsorbent polymer and the elastomer individually reduced gloss when added to the base formulation (Example 28). Importantly, the combination of these two materials resulted in a much lower gloss level than that achieved by either material alone. Thus, this combination of materials is expected to provide significant beneficial effects on skin appearance.

[0234] Example Formula Description Gloss (85°) 28 base emulsion 78.6 29 Base emulsion with superabsorbent polymer 34.4 30 Elastomer-based base emulsion 11.6 31 Base emulsions containing superabsorbent polymers and elastomers 4.2

[0235] Additionally, shelf stability tests of a group of similar formulations demonstrated the beneficial stability of the combination of superabsorbent polymer and elastomer. Generally stable formulations will show no change or increase in viscosity upon aging (viscosity increase is typical of enhanced gel network structures during aging). For stability testing, the following products were prepared as follows: In a suitable container, the aqueous phase components were combined and heated to 75°C. In a separate suitable container, the oil phase components were combined and heated to 75°C. The oil phase was then added to the aqueous phase, and the resulting emulsion was milled (e.g., using a rotor-stator mill). A thickener was then added to the emulsion while stirring, and the emulsion was cooled. The elastomer phase components were combined separately and mixed until homogeneous. When the emulsion cooled to 55°C, the elastomer phase and the remaining additional components were added. The product was then cooled to 30°C while stirring, milled again, and then poured into a suitable container.

[0236]

[0237]

[0238]

[0239] 1. Cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol, from Cognis

[0240] 2-Isododecane and dimethylsiloxane / bisisobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer, from Dow Corning

[0241] 3. Xanthan gum, from CP Kelco

[0242] 4. Sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane, and polysorbate 80, from Seppic 5. Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0243] 6. Polyethylene homopolymer, from Equistar

[0244] 7 Nylon-12, from Kobo Products Inc.

[0245] 8. Dimethylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxanol, from Dow Corning

[0246] 9-Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, from Lonza

[0247] As shown below, while both the base emulsion with the conventional thickener (Simulgel INS-100) and the base emulsion with the superabsorbent polymer thickener exhibited acceptable stability after aging at room temperature for 5 months, the emulsion containing both the conventional thickener (Simulgel INS-100) and the elastomer showed a significant viscosity loss upon aging. In contrast, the superabsorbent polymer plus elastomer system did not show any significant viscosity loss when subjected to similar aging conditions.

[0248]

[0249]

[0250] The dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be construed as strictly limited to the exact values ​​cited. Rather, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to represent the cited value and the range around which it is functionally equivalent. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to represent “approximately 40 mm”.

[0251] Unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited, every reference cited herein, including any cross-references or related patents or applications, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. No reference to any document constitutes an admission that it is prior art to any invention disclosed herein or protected by the claims, or an admission that it independently or in any combination with any other reference, proposes or discloses any such invention. Furthermore, if any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated herein by reference, the meaning or definition given to that term in this document shall prevail.

[0252] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A thickening aqueous composition comprising: a. 0.1% to 2% by weight of a superabsorbent polymer, wherein, The superabsorbent polymer is sodium polyacrylate starch, which exhibits a number-average size in the range of 2 μm to 100 μm in its non-swollen state, and the superabsorbent polymer has a water absorption capacity of 20 g to 2000 g of water per gram of the superabsorbent polymer. b. 0.1% to 2% by weight of a thickener, said thickener being xanthan gum; c. 0.3% to 10% by weight of a siloxane elastomer, comprising emulsified and non-emulsified siloxane elastomers, wherein the emulsified siloxane elastomer is selected from alkyl dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / polyglycerol crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / poly(propylene glycol) crosslinked polymers, dimethylsiloxane / poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked polymers, alkyl dimethylsiloxane / poly(propylene glycol) crosslinked polymers, and alkyl dimethylsiloxane / poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked polymers; and d. 20% to 98% water.

2. The thickening aqueous composition according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous composition is mixed with an oil phase to form an oil-in-water or oil-in-water emulsion, and wherein the oil phase comprises 1% to 60% by weight of the emulsion.

3. The thickened aqueous composition according to claim 2, wherein the oil phase comprises 2% to 30% by weight of the emulsion.

4. The thickened aqueous composition according to claim 2, wherein the oil phase comprises 3% to 20% by weight of the emulsion.

5. The thickening aqueous composition according to claim 2, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises 0.01 to 10% by weight of an emulsifier, wherein, The emulsifier is selected from glycerol, polyglycerol, sucrose, glucose, or sorbitol ethers; esters of glycerol, polyglycerol, sucrose, glucose, or sorbitol; and mixtures thereof.

6. The thickened aqueous composition according to claim 5, wherein the emulsifier is used in an amount of 0.1% to 2% by weight.

7. The thickening aqueous composition according to claim 1 further comprises a UV-active substance selected from 2% to 3% by weight of avobenzone; 2% to 8% by weight of homosalate; 2% to 4% by weight of hydroxymethoxybenzone; and combinations thereof.

8. The thickening aqueous composition according to claim 2, further comprising a solvent selected from diisopropyl dicarboxylate, butyl phthalimide, isopropyl phthalimide, phenethyl benzoate, dioctyl carbonate, isopropyl lauroyl amino acid, isononyl isononanoate, butyl octyl salicylate, dioctyl malate, dioctyl maleate, isopropyl isostearate, propylene glycol didecanoate, esters of C12-C15 benzoic acid, isosorbide diester, and mixtures thereof.

9. The thickening aqueous composition according to claim 8 further comprises a light stabilizer selected from methoxylene, diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, diethylhexyl syringite malonate, and combinations thereof.

10. The thickening aqueous composition according to claim 1, further comprising a vitamin selected from vitamin B3 compounds.

11. The thickening aqueous composition according to claim 1, wherein the non-emulsified siloxane elastomer is selected from DC 9041; Velvesil TM 125 and Velvesil TM DM; KSG-15, -15AP, -16, -17, -18, -41, -42, -43, -44, -51, -103.

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