A biological partial acetabular reconstruction prosthesis for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip

Abstract

The present invention discloses a biological acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia, which comprises a specific base and an articular surface coating. The upper end of the specific base is pointed and small, while the lower end is thick and large. It includes an acetabular contact surface, a soft tissue contact surface and a femoral head joint engagement surface. The acetabular contact surface and the soft tissue contact surface enclose the side surface of the specific base, and the femoral head joint engagement surface constitutes the bottom surface of the specific base. The specific base is a three-dimensional porous network structure. The biological acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia disclosed by the present invention enables patients to improve the biomechanical environment of the hip joint, delay the progression of hip arthritis, and avoid the disadvantages of large surgical trauma and poor morphological combination of the existing periacetabular osteotomy. At the same time, it can be applied to the early treatment of sequelae of hip dysplasia, delay or avoid joint replacement, and has a significant effect on the treatment of patients with mild hip dysplasia.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to a biological acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia. Background Art

[0002] Hip dysplasia is one of the most common causes of hip arthritis in China. Hip arthritis can cause hip pain and limited mobility, and in severe cases, it can lead to loss of labor ability. In children with hip dysplasia, they can be treated by methods such as plaster fixation, muscle release, and osteotomy orthopedics. However, there are still a large number of patients who have problems such as missed diagnosis or residual mild acetabular coverage deficiency after systematic treatment, and the angle between the center line of the femoral head and the acetabular edge is ≤ 20 degrees. In adulthood, the traditional treatment plan for residual deformities in such patients is acetabular osteotomy, or conservative treatment first, and then total hip replacement after arthritis develops.

[0003] In summary, the conservative treatment plan cannot change the joint force environment and the degeneration of cartilage and labrum, and the effect is not good. The existing non-conservative treatment methods for hip dysplasia have the following problems: (1) Joint replacement treatment is only applicable to patients with advanced arthritis and is not applicable to patients with early mild dysplasia; (2) The existing acetabular rotational osteotomy has large surgical trauma, a large amount of blood loss, and a high rate of surgical complications such as nerve and blood vessel injuries; (3) Minimally invasive arthroscopic treatments such as labral repair are extremely prone to recurrence and failure without the correction of bony structures.

[0004] In summary, among the existing treatment methods for hip dysplasia, some are not applicable to patients with early mild dysplasia, some have a high surgical complication rate, and some are extremely prone to recurrence and failure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biological acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia, so as to solve the problems in the existing methods that are not applicable to patients with early mild dysplasia, have a high surgical complication rate, and are extremely prone to recurrence, etc.

[0006] The present invention provides a biological acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia, which comprises a specific base and an articular surface coating. The upper end of the specific base is pointed and small, while the lower end is thick and large. It includes an acetabular contact surface, a soft tissue contact surface, and a femoral head joint engagement surface. The acetabular contact surface and the soft tissue contact surface enclose the side surface of the specific base, and the femoral head joint engagement surface constitutes the bottom surface of the specific base; the specific base is a three-dimensional porous network structure; the articular surface coating is disposed on the femoral head joint engagement surface for connecting the joint between the specific base and the femoral head; the acetabular contact surface is used to contact the iliac wing bone mass of the acetabulum to facilitate the ingrowth of bone tissue in the long term and obtain good fixation; the soft tissue contact surface is used to contact the soft tissue at the joint of the femoral head to facilitate tendon fixation or reduce soft tissue irritation.

[0007] Further, the specific base is filled with artificial bone material particles or powders that facilitate bone tissue growth and bonding.

[0008] Further, a plurality of screw holes for fixing the prosthesis to the acetabulum with screws are provided on the specific base.

[0009] Further, the specific base is a porous metal base.

[0010] Further, the articular surface coating is a hydrophilic lubricating coating, including a polyurethane coating or a polyethylene coating.

[0011] Further, when the articular surface coating is a polymer coating, the articular surface coating is connected to the specific base by a direct injection molding and melting method.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0013] The present invention discloses a biological partial acetabular reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia. The articular surface coating connects the specific base to the joint of the femoral head. The soft tissue contact surface contacts the soft tissue at the joint of the femoral head to facilitate tendon fixation or reduce soft tissue irritation. The acetabular contact surface contacts the iliac wing bone mass of the acetabulum to facilitate long-term bone tissue ingrowth for good fixation. The specific base is a three-dimensional porous network structure, similar to the porous structure of trabecular bone, allowing bone to grow into it. This prosthesis can be specifically designed for patients, which is beneficial for minimally invasive acetabular reconstruction in patients with acetabular dysplasia and is applicable to patients with early mild dysplasia. It enables bone tissue to grow into the specific base and be fixed in the long term, increases the weight-bearing area of articular cartilage, reduces the intra-articular stress, delays the progression of arthritis, and reduces the surgical complication rate. The biological partial acetabular reconstruction prosthesis disclosed by the present invention reduces the wear of the femoral head cartilage, enables patients to improve the biomechanical environment of the hip joint, delays the progression of hip arthritis, and obtains joint functions close to those of normal healthy people, avoiding the disadvantages of large surgical trauma and poor morphological combination of the existing periacetabular osteotomy. At the same time, it is applicable to the early treatment of sequelae of hip dysplasia, delays or avoids joint replacement, and has a significant effect on the treatment of patients with mild hip dysplasia. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the biological partial acetabular reconstruction prosthesis provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention installed on the femoral head;

[0015] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the biological partial acetabular reconstruction prosthesis provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention installed on the femoral head after being combined with the acetabulum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] Embodiment 1

[0017] Embodiment 1 provides a biological partial acetabular reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia, and its structure will be described in detail below.

[0018] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 this biological partial acetabular reconstruction prosthesis includes a specific base 1 and an articular surface coating 2.

[0019] The upper end of the specific base 1 is pointed and small, and the lower end is thick and large. Its outer shape is dome-shaped, including an acetabular contact surface 11, a soft tissue contact surface 12, and a femoral head joint connection surface 13. The acetabular contact surface 11 and the soft tissue contact surface 12 enclose the side surface of the specific base 1, and the femoral head joint connection surface 13 constitutes the bottom surface of the specific base 1;

[0020] The specific base 1 matches the femoral head 100 and acetabulum 200 of the patient, and according to the personalized case, the joint surface 13 of the femoral head of the specific base 1 specifically binds to the joint of the femoral head 100 and the iliac wing bone mass of the acetabulum 200. It is made by 3D printing to ensure that the size and shape of the prosthesis are closely combined with the patient's own acetabular shape, avoiding the uneven joint surface steps. The specific base 1 is a three-dimensional porous network structure, similar to the trabecular porous structure, which allows bone to grow into it.

[0021] The joint surface coating 2, as the transitional part of the combination between the specific base 1 and the femoral head 100, is arranged on the joint surface 13 of the femoral head and is used to connect the joint of the specific base 1 and the femoral head 100.

[0022] In order to fix the prosthesis to the acetabulum, a plurality of screw holes for fixing the prosthesis to the acetabulum 200 with screws are provided on the specific base 1.

[0023] The acetabular contact surface 11 is used to contact the iliac wing bone mass of the acetabulum 200 to facilitate the long-term growth of bone tissue for good fixation.

[0024] The soft tissue contact surface 12 is used to contact the soft tissue at the joint of the femoral head 100 to facilitate tendon fixation or reduce soft tissue irritation.

[0025] In order to prevent periprosthetic infection or promote bone growth, the specific base 1 is filled with artificial bone material particles or powders that are convenient for bone tissue growth and combination. This kind of artificial bone material particles or powders has good binding property with the bone tissue naturally grown in the human body, can stimulate bone creeping and replacement, and can be made into drug-loaded artificial bone.

[0026] As a specific implementation manner, the joint surface coating 2 is a hydrophilic lubricating coating, preferably a highly hydrophilic super-lubricating coating, which consists of polymer coatings such as polyurethane or polyethylene and special materials such as ceramized metal. The surfaces of these materials or coatings are treated to be lubricating and wear-resistant, and are used to reduce the wear of the joint on the acetabular cartilage. When the joint surface coating 2 selects a polymer coating, the joint surface coating 2 is connected to the specific base 1 by direct injection molding and melting.

[0027] As a specific implementation manner, the specific base 1 is a porous metal base.

[0028] Among them, during the operation, the following points need to be noted:

[0029] 1. The bone ingrowth or bone growth design of the specific base 1 is the basis for the long-term stability of the prosthesis;

[0030] 2. The joint surface coating 2 can make the physical properties of the prosthesis surface close to those of cartilage;

[0031] 3. At the joint where the prosthesis combines with the acetabulum 200 and the femoral head 100, through patient-specific design and computer-assisted prosthesis implantation technology, the size and shape of the prosthesis are ensured to fit tightly with the patient's own acetabular shape, avoiding the formation of uneven steps on the joint surface.

[0032] A bioactive acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip, which is specifically designed for patients, enables bone tissue to grow into the specific base and achieve long-term fixation, and has the advantages of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., thereby avoiding high-injury surgeries such as periacetabular osteotomy and delaying or even preventing the occurrence of arthritis in patients.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] Example 2 provides a method for partial joint replacement prosthesis, using the bioactive acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis provided in Example 1 for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. The method includes the following steps:

[0035] Step S1: Preoperatively obtain volumetric examination data such as Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the affected and healthy hips of the patient.

[0036] Step S2: Preoperatively reconstruct the developmental morphology of the acetabulum 200 by computer, design a specific base 1 that matches the patient's femoral head 100 and acetabulum 200, or customize a prosthesis by patient-specific 3D printing.

[0037] Step S3: Make a preoperative plan according to the shape of the prosthesis, design the placement position of the prosthesis, determine the amount of soft tissue to be retained, etc.

[0038] Step S4: Perform surgery on the acetabulum 200 to be reconstructed in the patient to expose the acetabulum 200 that needs to be reconstructed.

[0039] Step S5: Use special instruments to remove an appropriate amount of bone mass above the acetabulum 200 according to the preoperative plan to expose cancellous bone.

[0040] Step S6: Using the femoral head 100 as a template, assist in positioning using technologies such as robotic navigation and 3D printing guide plates, place the corresponding prosthesis, and make the surface of the prosthesis smoothly transition with the surrounding acetabular cartilage without gaps and steps, and at the same time, the prosthesis has a good contact area with the femoral head cartilage.

[0041] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made thereto based on the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological acetabular partial reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip dysplasia, characterized in that, It includes a specific base (1) and an articular surface coating (2). The upper end of the specific base (1) is pointed and small, while the lower end is thick and large. It includes an acetabular contact surface (11), a soft tissue contact surface (12), and a femoral head joint engagement surface (13). The acetabular contact surface (11) and the soft tissue contact surface (12) enclose the side surface of the specific base (1), and the femoral head joint engagement surface (13) constitutes the bottom surface of the specific base (1). The specific base (1) is a three-dimensional porous network structure, filled with artificial bone material particles facilitating bone tissue growth and bonding. Multiple screw holes are provided on the specific base (1) for the prosthesis to be fixed to the acetabulum (200) using screws. The articular surface coating (2) is a hydrophilic lubricating coating, including a polyurethane coating or a polyethylene coating. The articular surface coating (2) is disposed on the femoral head joint engagement surface (13) for connecting the joint between the specific base (1) and the femoral head (100). The acetabular contact surface (11) is used to contact the iliac wing bone mass of the acetabulum (200) to facilitate long-term bone tissue ingrowth for good fixation. The soft tissue contact surface (12) is used to contact the soft tissue at the joint of the femoral head (100) to facilitate tendon fixation or reduce soft tissue irritation. When the articular surface coating (2) is a polymer coating, the articular surface coating (2) is connected to the specific base (1) by direct injection molding and melting.

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