A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator

Abstract

The present invention discloses a deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulse neutron generator, including a fixing bolt and a mounting seat, wherein a sliding cavity is provided inside the mounting seat, a sliding hole is provided at one end of the mounting seat, one end of the fixing bolt passes through the sliding hole and is located in the sliding cavity and fixedly connected to a circular plate, the outer wall of the mounting seat is sleeved with a coil fixing cylinder, the fixing cylinder does not contact the mounting seat, a gap channel is provided between the coil fixing cylinder and the mounting seat, the inner wall of the coil fixing cylinder is located in the gap channel and fixedly connected to a pulse magnetic field modulation coil, the coil fixing cylinder is fixedly connected to an anode sleeve near the edge of one end of the fixing bolt, and the end of the coil fixing cylinder is fixedly connected to a metal electrode ring. The present invention has a compact structure and a simple power supply method, can effectively improve the deuterium ion yield and proportion, and can also widen the beam pulse waveform to obtain a better flat-top pulse waveform, providing effective guarantee for subsequent use in a pulse neutron generator device to obtain a small beam spot and a high neutron yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pulse particle beam generation and modulation, in particular to a deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulse neutron generator. Background Art

[0002] There are many ways to generate and modulate pulsed particle beams. Some methods generate plasma through gas discharge, and then generate pulsed particle beams through pulse extraction. Some methods generate plasma through pulsed laser bombardment of solid targets, and then generate pulsed particle beams through extraction. Some methods generate plasma through solid electrode pulsed arc discharge, and then generate pulsed particle beams through pulsed electric field extraction. In addition, there are many ways to modulate pulsed beams, such as electric field deflection modulation, magnetic field deflection modulation, spatial distribution difference screening modulation, etc. The pulse particle generation and modulation device used in pulsed neutron generators, especially compact high-current pulsed neutron generators, generally requires a simple structure, compact size, as few auxiliary electrical equipment as possible, can generate as strong a pulsed deuterium beam and a small beam spot as possible, and does not bring risks to the operation of other equipment. The pulsed neutron generator is an electrical device that generates pulsed neutrons, generally including a pulsed ion generating component, a pulsed beam modulating component and a target component. Its working principle is that the pulsed ion generating component generates deuterium ions through pulse discharge, and the deuterium ions are extracted, accelerated, and modulated by the pulsed beam modulating component to bombard the target component, and neutrons are generated in the target component by deuterium-tritium or deuterium-deuterium nuclear reactions. In order to obtain a high pulsed neutron yield and a small beam spot size, it is generally hoped that the proportion of deuterium ions generated by the pulsed ion generating component is as high as possible, and at the same time, the pulsed beam modulating component can modulate more deuterium beams to bombard the target. In addition, the beam cannot diverge to increase the beam spot. The discharge mode of the pulsed neutron generator in the prior art is mainly gas discharge or solid electrode pulse arc discharge, but both have their defects:

[0003] In the prior art, the deuterium beam intensity generated by gas discharge and pulse extraction is generally weak, at the μA to mA level, and the pulse neutron yield is low; the pulse laser bombardment of solid targets and solid electrode pulse arc discharge can generate a strong deuterium beam at the mA to A level, but at the same time, a large number of impurity particles, such as solid ions, solid molecules, solid droplets, etc., will be generated. These impurity particles do not contribute to the generation of neutrons, but will bring many negative effects, such as increasing beam load, increasing power consumption, increasing the risk of high-voltage breakdown, damaging the target state, etc. For the method of using solid electrode pulse arc discharge to generate particles in a high-current pulse neutron generator, the current problem is the lack of an excellent beam modulation measure to reduce the content of impurity particles, while ensuring the deuterium beam intensity, thereby ensuring a high total pulse neutron yield and a neutron yield that does not decrease during the pulse duration; although solid electrode pulse arc discharge has certain advantages in beam intensity, its physical mechanism of arc discharge determines that it has the characteristics of a large number of particle mixing, and it is difficult to reduce the content of impurity particles. Therefore, the main solution at present is to obtain the desired particles and remove the unwanted particles through subsequent particle screening or beam modulation. One method is to selectively extract different particles according to their different angular spatial distribution, which plays the role of screening particles. Generally, the deuterium beam is extracted at the periphery of the plasma diffusion region, and the impurity ion content is reduced by structural blocking in the central region. However, this method will cause large changes in the radial distribution of the beam, increase the difficulty of beam focusing design, and greatly reduce the extracted beam intensity, thereby reducing the pulse neutron yield; another method is to use additional electrostatic field or static magnetic field components to screen different ions through electric or magnetic fields, but this method will add additional components and supporting power accessories, which makes the device On the one hand, the static field is difficult to adapt to the changes brought about by different beam parameters, and the screening effect is not ideal; another Chinese invention patent with application number CN201610958462.3 also discloses an ion filtering device and method for a metal hydride ion source, which specifically adopts two layers of grids to achieve the purification of hydrogen isotope ions, and can increase the proportion of deuterium ions in the beam from 39% to 80%, but this method will also bring a large loss of absolute beam intensity, reduce the neutron yield of the neutron generator, and the beam focusing effect is not good. In addition, the grid processing and installation accuracy are high, which is difficult to implement.

[0004] In summary, it is difficult for existing technologies to adapt to the deuterium beam generation and modulation requirements of high-current pulsed neutron generators. A deuterium beam modulation method and device are needed that can ensure the pulse neutron yield and beam spot size under the premise of compact design. To this end, we propose a deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulse neutron generator to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulse neutron generator, comprising a fixing bolt and a mounting seat, a sliding cavity is provided inside the mounting seat, a sliding hole is provided at one end of the mounting seat, one end of the fixing bolt passes through the sliding hole and is located in the sliding cavity and fixedly connected to a circular plate, an outer wall of the mounting seat is sleeved with a coil fixing cylinder, the fixing cylinder is not in contact with the mounting seat, a gap channel is provided between the coil fixing cylinder and the mounting seat, an inner wall of the coil fixing cylinder is located in the gap channel and fixedly connected to a pulse magnetic field modulation coil, the coil fixing cylinder is fixedly connected to an anode sleeve at an edge near one end of the fixing bolt, the end of the coil fixing cylinder is fixedly connected to a metal electrode ring, one end of the pulse magnetic field modulation coil is fixedly connected to the anode sleeve, and the other end is fixedly connected to the metal electrode ring;

[0007] The insulating gap sleeve is movably sleeved on the outer side of the fixing bolt, and a first outer ring opening is provided on the outer side wall of the insulating gap sleeve away from the mounting seat. The cathode fixing sleeve and the cathode circular ring piece are movably sleeved on the first outer ring opening, and the cathode circular ring piece is located between the cathode fixing sleeve and the insulating gap sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing bolt is threadedly connected to a fixing nut at one end away from the mounting seat, and the outer side of the fixing bolt is movably sleeved with an insulating limit sleeve between the fixing nut and the insulating gap sleeve. A first inner ring opening is opened on the inner side of one end of the insulating limit sleeve close to the fixing nut, and a second inner ring opening is opened on the inner side of the other end of the insulating limit sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the first inner ring opening is sleeved on the outer side of the fixing nut end, and the second inner ring opening is sleeved on the end of the insulating gap sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, the cathode fixing sleeve has a third inner ring opening formed on the inner side wall near one end of the insulating limiting sleeve, the end of the insulating limiting sleeve is inserted into the third inner ring opening, and the end of the insulating limiting sleeve is located at the first outer ring opening.

[0011] Preferably, the outer wall of the fixing bolt is located between the insulating gap sleeve and the mounting seat, and the movable sleeve contacts the trigger electrode sheet. The outer wall of the insulating gap sleeve near one end of the trigger electrode sheet is provided with a second outer ring opening. The trigger electrode sheet is fixed with a convex ring at a position corresponding to the second outer ring opening, and the convex ring is sleeved in the second outer ring opening.

[0012] Preferably, the fixing bolt is slidably connected to the sliding hole, the circular plate is slidably sleeved in the sliding cavity, the fixing bolt is located in the sliding cavity and sleeved with a mounting spring, one end of the mounting spring is fixed to the circular plate and the other end is fixed to the end of the sliding cavity, and the mounting seat is fixed to the secondary electron collimator at one end away from the fixing nut.

[0013] Preferably, the fixing bolt is fixed to a grounding terminal at one end away from the mounting base, the grounding terminal is electrically connected to the end of the grounding wire, a high-power trigger resistor is fixed to the grounding wire, the cathode fixing sleeve is fixed to a wiring terminal, the wiring terminal is electrically connected to one end of the connecting wire, and the other end of the connecting wire is electrically connected to a high-voltage pulse power supply.

[0014] Preferably, the cathode annular sheet is made of a deuterated scandium compound alloy, the fixing bolt is made of copper, and a layer of graphite material is evaporated on the side of the circular plate away from the fixing bolt.

[0015] Preferably, the cathode fixing sleeve is electrically connected to the cathode annular sheet, the cathode fixing sleeve is electrically connected to the high-voltage pulse power supply, the fixing nut, the fixing bolt, the trigger electrode sheet and the mounting seat are electrically connected, the anode sleeve is electrically connected to the pulse magnetic field modulation coil, the fixing bolt is electrically connected to the ground wire, the metal electrode ring is electrically connected to the pulse magnetic field modulation coil, and the metal electrode ring is electrically connected to the ground wire.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention has a compact structure and a simple power supply method, can effectively improve the deuterium ion yield and proportion, and can also broaden the beam pulse waveform to obtain a better flat-top pulse waveform, providing effective guarantee for subsequent use in a pulsed neutron generator device to obtain a small beam spot and a high neutron yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the cutaway structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the enlarged cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. fixing bolt; 2. fixing nut; 3. insulating limit sleeve; 4. cathode fixing sleeve; 5. cathode circular ring plate; 6. mounting seat; 7. insulating gap sleeve; 8. trigger electrode plate; 9. coil fixing cylinder; 10. anode sleeve; 11. secondary electron collimator; 12. high-voltage pulse power supply; 13. grounding wire; 101. round plate; 102. grounding terminal; 31. first inner ring opening; 32. second inner ring opening; 41. wiring terminal; 42. third inner ring opening; 61. sliding cavity; 62. mounting spring; 63. sliding hole; 71. first outer ring opening; 72. second outer ring opening; 81. convex ring; 91. pulse magnetic field modulation coil; 92. gap channel; 93. metal electrode ring; 121. connecting wire; 131. high-power trigger resistor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Embodiment 1:

[0024] See also Figure 1-3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulse neutron generator, comprising a fixing bolt 1 and a mounting seat 6, wherein a sliding cavity 61 is provided inside the mounting seat 6, and a sliding hole 63 is provided at one end of the mounting seat 6, and one end of the fixing bolt 1 passes through the sliding hole 63 and is located in the sliding cavity 61 and fixedly connected to a circular plate 101, and an outer wall of the mounting seat 6 is sleeved with a coil fixing cylinder 9, and the fixing cylinder 9 does not contact the mounting seat 6, and a gap channel 92 is provided between the coil fixing cylinder 9 and the mounting seat 6, and an inner wall of the coil fixing cylinder 9 is located in the gap channel 92 and fixedly connected to a pulse magnetic field modulation coil 91, and an edge of the coil fixing cylinder 9 near one end of the fixing bolt 1 is fixedly connected to an anode sleeve 10, and an end of the coil fixing cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to a metal electrode ring 93, and one end of the pulse magnetic field modulation coil 91 is fixedly connected to the anode sleeve 10, and the other end is fixedly connected to the metal electrode ring 93;

[0025] The insulating gap sleeve 7 is movably sleeved on the outer side of the fixing bolt 1, and a first outer ring opening 71 is provided on the outer side wall of the insulating gap sleeve 7 away from the mounting seat 6. The cathode fixing sleeve 4 and the cathode annular plate 5 are movably sleeved on the first outer ring opening 71, and the cathode annular plate 5 is located between the cathode fixing sleeve 4 and the insulating gap sleeve 7. The present invention has a compact structure and a simple power supply method, and can effectively improve the deuterium ion yield and proportion. At the same time, it can widen the beam pulse waveform to obtain a better flat-top pulse waveform, thereby providing effective guarantee for the subsequent use of a pulsed neutron generator device to obtain a small beam spot and a high neutron yield.

[0026] Embodiment 2:

[0027] See also Figure 2-3 The fixing bolt 1 is threadedly connected to the fixing nut 2 at one end away from the mounting seat 6. The outer side of the fixing bolt 1 is located between the fixing nut 2 and the insulating gap sleeve 7 and is movably sleeved with the insulating limiting sleeve 3. The insulating limiting sleeve 3 is provided with a first inner ring opening 31 on the inner side of one end close to the fixing nut 2, and a second inner ring opening 32 is provided on the inner side of the other end of the insulating limiting sleeve 3.

[0028] See also Figure 2-3 The first inner ring opening 31 is sleeved on the outer side of the end of the fixing nut 2 , and the second inner ring opening 32 is sleeved on the end of the insulating gap sleeve 7 .

[0029] See also Figure 2-3 The cathode fixing sleeve 4 has a third inner ring opening 42 formed on the inner side wall near one end of the insulating limiting sleeve 3 , the end of the insulating limiting sleeve 3 is inserted into the third inner ring opening 42 , and the end of the insulating limiting sleeve 3 is located at the first outer ring opening 71 .

[0030] See also Figure 2-3 The outer wall of the fixing bolt 1 is located between the insulating gap sleeve 7 and the mounting seat 6 and is movably sleeved to contact the trigger electrode sheet 8. A second outer ring opening 72 is provided on the outer wall of the insulating gap sleeve 7 close to one end of the trigger electrode sheet 8. The trigger electrode sheet 8 is fixedly connected to a convex ring 81 at a position corresponding to the second outer ring opening 72, and the convex ring 81 is sleeved in the second outer ring opening 72.

[0031] See also Figure 2-3 The fixing bolt 1 is slidably connected to the sliding hole 63, the circular plate 101 is slidably sleeved in the sliding cavity 61, the fixing bolt 1 is located in the sliding cavity 61 and sleeved with the mounting spring 62, one end of the mounting spring 62 is fixedly connected to the circular plate 101, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding cavity 61, and the end of the mounting seat 6 away from the fixing nut 2 is fixedly connected to the secondary electron collimator 11.

[0032] See also Figure 2-3 The fixing bolt 1 is fixedly connected to the grounding terminal 102 at one end away from the mounting base 6, and the grounding terminal 102 is electrically connected to the end of the grounding wire 13. The grounding wire 13 is fixedly connected to a high-power trigger resistor 131. The cathode fixing sleeve 4 is fixedly connected to the wiring terminal 41, and the wiring terminal 41 is electrically connected to one end of the connecting wire 121. The other end of the connecting wire 121 is electrically connected to the high-voltage pulse power supply 12.

[0033] See also Figure 1-3 The cathode annular plate 5 is made of a deuterated scandium compound alloy, the fixing bolt 1 is made of copper, and a layer of graphite material is evaporated on the side of the circular plate 101 away from the fixing bolt 1 .

[0034] See also Figure 1-3, the cathode fixing sleeve 4 is electrically connected to the cathode annular piece 5, the cathode fixing sleeve 4 is electrically connected to the high-voltage pulse power supply 12, the fixing nut 2, the fixing bolt 1, the trigger electrode piece 8 and the mounting seat 6 are electrically connected, the anode sleeve 10 is electrically connected to the pulse magnetic field modulation coil 91, the fixing bolt 1 is electrically connected to the grounding wire 13, the metal electrode ring 93 is electrically connected to the pulse magnetic field modulation coil 91, and the metal electrode ring 93 is electrically connected to the grounding wire 13. When in use, firstly, a high-voltage pulse is output by the high-voltage pulse power supply 12 and fed into the cathode annular piece 5, and the gap along the surface of the insulating gap sleeve 7 is passed, so that the cathode annular piece 5 and the trigger electrode piece 8 are subjected to surface breakdown discharge. , generating a trigger plasma; the trigger plasma expands in the gap between the cathode annular piece 5 and the anode sleeve 10, causing a gap breakdown discharge between the cathode annular piece 5 and the anode sleeve 10, generating a main discharge plasma; the main discharge plasma expands along the gap channel between the cathode annular piece 5 and the anode sleeve 10 toward the pulse magnetic field modulation coil 91 area, and the ion composition, plasma temperature, and plasma density of the main discharge plasma are modulated by the pulse magnetic field generated by the pulse magnetic field modulation coil 91, so as to obtain pure deuterium ions and a suitable plasma density at the outlet of the coil fixing tube 9 for subsequent high-voltage extraction and acceleration.

[0035] Embodiment 3:

[0036] When the present invention is used, firstly, a high-voltage pulse is outputted from the high-voltage pulse power supply 12, and fed into the cathode annular plate 5, and the gap along the surface of the insulating gap sleeve 7 causes the cathode annular plate 5 and the trigger electrode plate 8 to generate a surface breakdown discharge, thereby generating a trigger plasma; the trigger plasma expands the gap between the cathode annular plate 5 and the anode sleeve 10, causing the gap breakdown discharge between the cathode annular plate 5 and the anode sleeve 10, thereby generating a main discharge plasma; the main discharge plasma flows along the gap channel between the cathode annular plate 5 and the anode sleeve 10, toward the pulse magnetic field modulation The coil 91 area expands, and the ion composition, plasma temperature and plasma density of the main discharge plasma are modulated by the pulse magnetic field generated by the pulse magnetic field modulation coil 91, so as to obtain pure deuterium ions and suitable plasma density at the outlet of the coil fixing tube 9 for subsequent high-voltage extraction and acceleration. The present invention has a compact structure and a simple power supply method, and can effectively improve the deuterium ion yield and proportion. At the same time, it can widen the beam pulse waveform to obtain a better flat-top pulse waveform, which provides effective guarantee for the subsequent use of a pulse neutron generator device to obtain a small beam spot and a high neutron yield.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator, comprising a fixing bolt (1) and a mounting seat (6), characterized in that: A sliding cavity (61) is provided inside the mounting seat (6), a sliding hole (63) is provided at one end of the mounting seat (6), one end of the fixing bolt (1) passes through the sliding hole (63) and is located in the sliding cavity (61) and is fixedly connected to the circular plate (101), the outer wall of the mounting seat (6) is sleeved with a coil fixing cylinder (9), the fixing cylinder (9) and the mounting seat (6) are not in contact, a gap channel (92) is provided between the coil fixing cylinder (9) and the mounting seat (6), the inner wall of the coil fixing cylinder (9) is located in the gap channel (92) and is fixedly connected to the pulse magnetic field modulation coil (91), the coil fixing cylinder (9) is fixedly connected to the anode sleeve (10) at the edge of one end of the fixing bolt (1), the end of the coil fixing cylinder (9) is fixedly connected to the metal electrode ring (93), one end of the pulse magnetic field modulation coil (91) is fixedly connected to the anode sleeve (10), and the other end is fixedly connected to the metal electrode ring (93); The outer side of the fixing bolt (1) is movably sleeved with an insulating gap sleeve (7), and a first outer ring opening (71) is provided on the outer side wall of the insulating gap sleeve (7) away from the mounting seat (6). The cathode fixing sleeve (4) and the cathode circular ring sheet (5) are movably sleeved on the first outer ring opening (71), and the cathode circular ring sheet (5) is located between the fixing sleeve (4) and the insulating gap sleeve (7); The outer wall of the fixing bolt (1) is located between the insulating gap sleeve (7) and the mounting seat (6) and is movably sleeved to contact the trigger electrode sheet (8); the outer wall of the insulating gap sleeve (7) is provided with a second outer ring opening (72) near one end of the trigger electrode sheet (8); the trigger electrode sheet (8) is fixedly connected to a convex ring (81) at a position corresponding to the second outer ring opening (72); and the convex ring (81) is sleeved in the second outer ring opening (72); The fixing bolt (1) is threadedly connected to the fixing nut (2) at one end away from the mounting seat (6); the cathode fixing sleeve (4) is electrically connected to the cathode annular sheet (5); the cathode fixing sleeve (4) is electrically connected to the high-voltage pulse power supply (12); the fixing nut (2), the fixing bolt (1), the trigger electrode sheet (8) and the mounting seat (6) are electrically connected; the anode sleeve (10) is electrically connected to the pulse magnetic field modulation coil (91); the fixing bolt (1) is electrically connected to the grounding wire (13); the metal electrode ring (93) is electrically connected to the pulse magnetic field modulation coil (91); and the metal electrode ring (93) is electrically connected to the grounding wire (13).

2. A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the fixing bolt (1) is located between the fixing nut (2) and the insulating gap sleeve (7) and is movably sleeved with an insulating limit sleeve (3); a first inner ring opening (31) is provided on the inner side of one end of the insulating limit sleeve (3) close to the fixing nut (2); and a second inner ring opening (32) is provided on the inner side of the other end of the insulating limit sleeve (3).

3. A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first inner ring opening (31) is sleeved on the outside of the end of the fixing nut (2), and the second inner ring opening (32) is sleeved on the end of the insulating gap sleeve (7).

4. A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode fixing sleeve (4) is provided with a third inner ring opening (42) on the inner side wall near one end of the insulating limiting sleeve (3), the end of the insulating limiting sleeve (3) is inserted into the third inner ring opening (42), and the end of the insulating limiting sleeve (3) is located at the first outer ring opening (71).

5. A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing bolt (1) is slidably connected to the sliding hole (63); the circular plate (101) is slidably sleeved in the sliding cavity (61); the fixing bolt (1) is sleeved with a mounting spring (62) at a position in the sliding cavity (61); one end of the mounting spring (62) is fixedly connected to the circular plate (101) and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding cavity (61); and one end of the mounting seat (6) away from the fixing nut (2) is fixedly connected to the secondary electron collimator (11).

6. A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the fixing bolt (1) away from the mounting seat (6) is fixedly connected to a grounding terminal (102), the grounding terminal (102) is electrically connected to the end of a grounding wire (13), a high-power trigger resistor (131) is fixedly connected to the grounding wire (13), a wiring terminal (41) is fixedly connected to the cathode fixing sleeve (4), the wiring terminal (41) is electrically connected to one end of a connecting wire (121), and the other end of the connecting wire (121) is electrically connected to a high-voltage pulse power supply (12).

7. A deuterium beam pulse modulation device and a pulsed neutron generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode annular plate (5) is made of a deuterated scandium compound alloy, the fixing bolt (1) is made of copper, and a layer of graphite material is evaporated on the side of the circular plate (101) away from the fixing bolt (1).

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