Combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zone and nearshore shallow sea and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a combined artificial ecological reef suitable for the intertidal zone and nearshore shallow sea and a construction method thereof. Intertidal reef bodies, subtidal reef bodies and oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes are respectively arranged in sequence in the intertidal zone, subtidal zone and water surface. Multiple intertidal reef bodies are staggered in the intertidal zone. Multiple concrete pipes are provided in the subtidal zone. The subtidal reef bodies are laid on the concrete pipes, and the concrete pipes pass through the surface of the subtidal reef bodies. Multiple oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes are suspended at the water surface through multiple pontoons. Multiple oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes are staggered. The interiors of the intertidal reef bodies, subtidal reef bodies and oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes are all filled with a mixed matrix. The limitation of the sand-blocking dike that it is difficult for organisms to attach is solved, and its structural stability and ecological benefits are improved. On the premise of solving the above problems, environmentally friendly materials that can meet the design functions are selected to avoid pollution input to the marine habitat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, and in particular to a combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow seas and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Coastal zones are key areas of active interaction between land and sea, and are among the most valuable ecosystems. They play a vital role in the transport of materials, energy, and information between land and sea. Due to their unique advantages, such as convenient shipping, flat terrain, and predominantly high aquatic production, most economically developed cities are concentrated in coastal areas. However, under pressure from active human activities and changing natural conditions, many coastal areas face challenges such as shoreline erosion and siltation, seawater pollution, and habitat degradation. Shellfish can aggregate and grow in large numbers to form bioherbs, which break waves and protect coastlines, forming unique habitats and providing a habitat for other invertebrates and fish. As filter feeders, they also have important functions such as improving water quality. In the context of coastal habitat degradation, bioherb habitats are gradually lost, further reducing shoreline stability and the self-purification capacity of seawater, creating a vicious cycle. Consequently, it is necessary to artificially improve environmental conditions in intertidal zones and shallow nearshore areas to foster a diverse ecosystem dominated by filter-feeding shellfish. Existing solutions include providing structures and substrates for shellfish attachment, supplementing filter-feeding shellfish with artificial seedlings, and planting seagrass beds.

[0003] The artificial reef devices currently on the market for coastal habitat restoration target relatively single species. In the initial stages of construction, they are only configured to create habitats for one or two species. It takes a long time to develop a stable and diverse ecosystem in such an environment. A single biological community is relatively fragile, has poor ability to resist environmental interference, and is easily degraded.

[0004] Reefs arranged in the intertidal zone have strict requirements on the time of tidal inundation, taking into account the habits of marine organisms. This greatly limits the layout range and height of the reefs. The forced reduction of the reef height reduces the complexity of the reef habitat and limits the biodiversity of the reef ecosystem.

[0005] To prevent reefs from being buried by sediment, submerged dikes can be deployed to break waves and intercept the high concentrations of sediment transported by tidal water from the lower layers. The attachment of shellfish can improve the structural strength and ecological benefits of submerged dikes, but traditional sediment-retaining dikes are difficult to attract organisms in environments where sediment is buried. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow seas and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the artificial reef devices currently on the market for coastal habitat restoration target relatively single species, and the single biological community is relatively fragile, has poor ability to resist environmental interference, and is easily degraded.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a combined artificial ecological reef suitable for the intertidal zone and nearshore shallow waters, wherein an intertidal reef body, a subtidal reef body and an oyster reef-type sand barrier are respectively arranged in sequence in the intertidal zone, the subtidal zone and the water surface, multiple intertidal reef bodies are staggered in the intertidal zone, and multiple concrete pipes are provided in the subtidal zone. The subtidal reef bodies are laid on the concrete pipes, and the concrete pipes pass through the surface of the subtidal reef bodies;

[0008] Multiple oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes are suspended on the water surface through multiple pontoons, and multiple oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes are staggered;

[0009] The interior of intertidal reefs, subtidal reefs and oyster reef-type sand-blocking barriers are all filled with mixed matrix.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the intertidal reef includes a lower coconut fiber woven net and an upper coconut fiber woven net. The edges of the lower coconut fiber woven net and the upper coconut fiber woven net are sewn together to form a net bag. The mixed matrix is ​​arranged on the upper surface of the lower coconut fiber woven net. A plurality of polyurethane blocks are arranged between the mixed matrix and the upper coconut fiber woven net.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the polyurethane block stone is a block structure formed by polyurethane adhesive, and the block structure is laid between the mixed matrix and the upper coconut shell fiber woven mesh.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the subtidal reef body includes a plurality of stacked coconut fiber mesh bags, the interior of the coconut fiber mesh bags is filled with a mixed matrix, the plurality of coconut fiber mesh bags are stacked into a terraced structure, the plurality of stacked coconut fiber mesh bags are connected end to end to form the outer wall of the subtidal reef body, and the adjacent coconut fiber mesh bags on the outer wall are bundled and connected to each other.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the mixed matrix is ​​stacked inside an outer wall formed by stacking a plurality of coconut shell fiber mesh bags connected end to end.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the concrete pipe is composed of a plurality of sector components spliced ​​together, the ends of adjacent sector components are fixed by connecting buckles to form the concrete pipe, and the mixed matrix is ​​laid along the outer circle of the concrete pipe.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment, the oyster reef-type sand-blocking dike includes multiple pontoons, which are connected to the perforated steel box through multiple second steel cables, and adjacent second steel cables are connected by multiple coconut fiber ropes. The inside of the perforated steel box is filled with a mixed matrix, and the lower end surface of the perforated steel box is connected to the concrete pile through the first steel cable, and the concrete pile is inserted into the subtidal zone.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the mixed matrix is ​​made by mixing oysters, scallops and dolomite blocks.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment, the particle size of the crushed stone used for the polyurethane block is 1 mm to 5 mm, the ratio of polyurethane to crushed stone is 1:9, and the single block formed after the polyurethane is bonded is a cubic structure with a side length of about 30 cm.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the mixed matrix is:

[0019] The shells of oysters and scallops with a length of 7-15 cm are mixed, rinsed with fresh water to remove impurities, and then exposed to the sun for disinfection;

[0020] The natural dolomite block material is crushed, and blocks of 20 to 40 cm are selected and mixed evenly with sterilized shellfish shells at a shellfish-stone ratio of about 1:3 to 1:5 to form a mixed matrix.

[0021] The method includes:

[0022] S1. Select an area in the intertidal zone where the average water level maintains a depth of more than 30 cm for more than 6 hours per day as the intertidal reef layout area;

[0023] First, the lower layer of coconut fiber woven mesh is laid in this area to serve as a matrix to fix and support it;

[0024] A mixed matrix with a thickness of about 20-30 cm is laid on the lower layer of coconut fiber woven net, and polyurethane blocks are placed on the mixed matrix with a spacing of 30-40 cm between the polyurethane blocks. The density of the polyurethane blocks is 8×16 per intertidal reef unit.

[0025] Cover the polyurethane block with an upper layer of coconut fiber woven netting, and use coconut fiber rope to tie and fix the edges of the upper and lower layers of coconut fiber netting;

[0026] S2. Select an area in the subtidal zone with an average low tide depth of 1.2-1.6 meters as the subtidal reef deployment area, use transportation or manual labor to place coconut fiber bags at the location, stack five parallel coconut fiber bags into a terraced structure, and connect the structure end to end to form the outer wall of the subtidal reef unit about 25-30 meters wide and about 45-55 meters long. Use coconut fiber rope to tie adjacent coconut fiber bags on the outer wall to secure them;

[0027] In the area enclosed by the outer wall, the top surface is spaced about 5-8 meters apart, and concrete pipes are arranged in each unit with a density of 2×4 fan-shaped concrete wall components;

[0028] Fill the area between the outer wall of the subtidal reef and the concrete pipe with mixed matrix using transport vehicles or manually, with a pile height of 60 cm to 70 cm;

[0029] S3. Use transportation tools or manual labor to place the perforated steel box to the target area. Use a third steel cable to tie the tail of each perforated steel box together to form an oyster reef-style sand barrier about 30-40 meters long.

[0030] 3-4 concrete piles are arranged at equal distances under each perforated steel box. The concrete piles are inserted 2-3 meters into the bottom soil and fixed. A first steel cable about 15-20 cm long is used to connect the tail opening of the concrete pile with the perforated steel box.

[0031] Use a second steel cable to connect the perforated steel box to the buoyancy box. The effective length of the second steel cable is the highest tidal depth minus the height of the oyster reef-type sand barrier, minus 15-20 cm.

[0032] Coconut shell fiber ropes are fixed between adjacent pontoons and between the pontoons and the second steel cables of the perforated steel box;

[0033] S4. At normal tide levels, the perforated steel box sinks to the bottom and acts as a submerged dike. In the tidal range from about 15-20 cm below the highest tide to the highest tide, the perforated steel box is gradually lifted by the buoyancy of the seawater. The small amount of sediment deposited on its surface can be carried away by the water during its movement. The perforated steel box body and the mixed matrix filled inside continuously maintain an environment suitable for shellfish survival;

[0034] S5. Different oyster reef-type submerged dike units can be constructed simultaneously or sequentially;

[0035] S6. Leave approximately 5-8 meters between intertidal reef units and 15-20 meters between subtidal reef units to allow for water flow, material and biological pathways, and reef area growth.

[0036] The oyster reef type sand barrier is arranged in three rows in a staggered manner, with a horizontal interval of about 5-6 meters and a vertical interval of about 15-20 meters;

[0037] S7. After the artificial reef is deployed, a biological survey will be conducted in the sea area within the construction scope. Under the condition of rich biological germplasm resources, the artificial ecological reef can naturally attract shellfish, algae, seaweed seeds, shrimp and crab benthic organisms in the seawater to attach, grow and reproduce, and gradually form a stable and beneficial ecosystem;

[0038] However, in general, due to the unavoidable adverse effects on the marine ecology during the construction process, artificial seedling attachment is required to accelerate the development of the ecosystem on the artificial reef.

[0039] S8. Various local shellfish collected from nearby sea areas or artificially raised can be cultured on the mixed substrate by hanging them with coconut shell fiber ropes;

[0040] The concrete pipes can be used to sow local seaweed seeds using the mud ball method, and to stock benthic animals such as shrimp and crabs;

[0041] S9, a variety of native algae can be arranged on the surface of polyurethane blocks, the surface of concrete pipes and the coconut fiber ropes between the pontoon cables.

[0042] This invention provides a combined artificial ecological reef suitable for use in the intertidal zone and shallow nearshore waters, and its construction method. Targeting the environmental characteristics of the intertidal zone, shallow nearshore waters, and high-sediment concentration areas near submerged dikes, the invention comprehensively configures multispecies habitats to enhance the reef's biodiversity, thereby increasing the reef's ecological benefits and stability. The invention also reduces restrictions on intertidal reef placement on submerged time, expands the range within which intertidal reefs can be deployed, and increases their height. Furthermore, the invention addresses the limitation of submerged dikes, which make it difficult for organisms to attach, thereby improving their structural stability and ecological benefits. While addressing these issues, environmentally friendly materials that meet the design requirements are selected to avoid polluting marine habitats.

[0043] The artificial reefs built using the technology of the present invention have five major advantages: (1) the range of shellfish habitats is increased, and intertidal reefs can be arranged in more tidal ranges. The arrangement of more reefs provides better beach protection performance; shellfish attached to the surface of the sand-blocking dike will no longer die due to siltation and burial, which can improve the structural strength and ecological benefits of the sand-blocking dike; (2) the habitats of various organisms are reasonably allocated, and the habitats of various species are closely connected, which can cooperate with each other and have a beneficial impact on each other, thereby increasing the population size, individual quality, and metabolic activity of various species, and the reef has high biodiversity and ecological stability; (3) larger Larger and more active filter-feeding shellfish can provide stronger water purification capabilities than traditional reefs. (4) Reasonable material selection: polyurethane blocks, coconut shell fiber, dolomite, concrete, and steel are all environmentally friendly materials. No chemical, petroleum, or plastic products are used, and they will not cause adverse effects on marine habitats. The dolomite replaces the traditional limestone, ensuring a hard attachment matrix and providing Ca element functions. It has a rougher surface, which is conducive to shellfish attachment. The porous and permeable structure of the polyurethane blocks can meet the needs of storing water at high tide and continuously providing water to the reef at low tide. (5) The construction cost is low, and transportation, assembly, and construction are convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of the artificial ecological reef of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the intertidal reef body of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the intertidal reef body of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the oyster reef type sand-blocking submerged dike of the present invention.

[0049] In the figure: intertidal reef 1; subtidal reef 2; oyster reef-type sand barrier 3; intertidal zone 4; subtidal zone 5; water surface position 6; lower coconut fiber woven net 7; mixed matrix 8; polyurethane blocks 9; upper coconut fiber woven net 10; coconut fiber mesh bag 11; concrete pipe 12; fan assembly 13; connecting buckle 14; coconut fiber rope 15; open-hole steel box 16; concrete pile 17; first steel cable 18; buoyancy box 19; second steel cable 20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a combined artificial ecological reef suitable for the intertidal zone and nearshore shallow waters, including an intertidal reef body 1, a subtidal reef body 2 and an oyster reef-type sand barrier 3, is sequentially arranged in the intertidal zone 4, the subtidal zone 5 and the water surface position 6. The multiple intertidal reef bodies 1 are staggered on the intertidal zone 4, and the subtidal zone 5 is provided with multiple concrete pipes 12. The subtidal reef bodies 2 are laid on the concrete pipes 12, and the concrete pipes 12 pass through the surface of the subtidal reef bodies 2.

[0052] Multiple oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes 3 are suspended at the water surface position 6 through multiple buoyancy boxes 19, and the multiple oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes 3 are staggered;

[0053] The intertidal reef 1, the subtidal reef 2 and the oyster reef-type sand barrier 3 are all filled with a mixed matrix 8.

[0054] The artificial reef system includes intertidal reefs, subtidal reefs, and oyster reef-style submerged dikes. These structures target the intertidal zone, shallow coastal waters, and areas of high sediment concentration near the dikes, creating habitats conducive to the attachment and reproduction of shellfish, the growth of aquatic plants, the habitats of shrimp and crabs, and the growth of seaweed. With shellfish attachment and reproduction as the primary habitat, the habitats for seaweed, seagrass, shrimp, and crabs are embedded within these reefs. Filter-feeding shellfish purify water quality, improve water transparency, and facilitate the photosynthesis of seagrass and seaweed. The growth of seagrass and seagrass provides a rich food resource for oysters. Shrimp and crabs prey on shellfish, triggering a selective culling of the weak, sick, and disabled, improving population activity and enhancing the biodiversity of the artificial reef, thereby increasing its ecological benefits and stability. The intertidal reef is constructed with polyurethane blocks, whose porous, permeable structure functions as a water storage system. After the tide recedes, gravity and capillary action continuously provide a constant supply of water to the bioreef. This reduces the time constraints imposed by intertidal reef placement on submergence, expands the area within which intertidal reefs can be deployed, and increases their height, enhancing their beach protection capabilities and providing an intertidal biomass for seaweed. A periodically floating submerged dam equipped with pontoons intercepts most of the sediment in the reef area, preventing burial and improving water clarity. The dam itself resists siltation, addressing the difficulty of attracting organisms. Oyster attachment enhances its structural stability. Ropes are routed between the pontoons and between the steel cables connecting them, providing habitats for a variety of algae, from green algae to brown algae to red algae, further enhancing the device's ecological benefits. Furthermore, each unit of the present invention is constructed from environmentally friendly materials that meet these design requirements, preventing pollution to the marine habitat. Assembly and deployment are simple and cost-effective.

[0055] In the preferred embodiment, the intertidal reef 1 includes a lower coconut fiber woven net 7 and an upper coconut fiber woven net 10. The edges of the lower coconut fiber woven net 7 and the upper coconut fiber woven net 10 are sewn together to form a net bag. The mixed matrix 8 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower coconut fiber woven net 7, and a plurality of polyurethane blocks 9 are arranged between the mixed matrix 8 and the upper coconut fiber woven net 10.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the polyurethane block 9 is a block structure formed by polyurethane gluing, and the block structure is laid between the mixed matrix 8 and the upper coconut shell fiber woven mesh 10.

[0057] The intertidal reef 1 is assembled by a lower coconut fiber woven net 7, a mixed matrix 8, a polyurethane block 9 and an upper coconut fiber woven net 10. The coconut fiber woven nets 7 and 10 are woven from coconut fiber ropes. The upper and lower edges are connected by binding coconut fiber ropes of the same material to form a net bag to fix the contents. The mixed matrix 8 is laid on the lower coconut fiber woven net 7. The polyurethane block 9 is a broken block structure formed by polyurethane gluing and is arranged between the mixed matrix 8 and the upper coconut fiber woven net 10.

[0058] In the preferred embodiment, the subtidal reef body 2 includes a plurality of stacked coconut fiber mesh bags 11, the interior of the coconut fiber mesh bags 11 is filled with a mixed matrix 8, the plurality of coconut fiber mesh bags 11 are stacked into a terraced structure, the plurality of stacked coconut fiber mesh bags 11 are connected end to end to form the outer wall of the subtidal reef body 2, and the adjacent coconut fiber mesh bags 11 on the outer wall are bundled and connected to each other.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the mixed matrix 8 is stacked inside an outer wall formed by stacking a plurality of coconut shell fiber mesh bags 11 connected end to end.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the concrete pipe 12 is composed of a plurality of sector components 13 , and the ends of adjacent sector components 13 are fixed by connecting buckles 14 to form the concrete pipe 12 . The mixed matrix 8 is laid along the outer circle of the concrete pipe 12 .

[0061] The subtidal reef body 2 is assembled by a plurality of coconut fiber mesh bags 11, a mixed matrix 8, and a concrete pipe 12. The coconut fiber mesh bags 11 are filled with the mixed matrix 8. Five parallel coconut fiber mesh bags 11 are stacked into a terrace structure. The structure is connected end to end to form the outer wall of the subtidal reef. The adjacent coconut fiber mesh bags on the outer wall are tied and fixed by coconut fiber ropes. The mixed matrix 8 is stacked inside the outer wall. The mixed matrix 8 is arranged with a fan assembly 13 and a concrete pipe 12 assembled and spliced ​​by a limit device 14.

[0062] In the preferred embodiment, the oyster reef-type submerged sand barrier 3 includes multiple pontoons 19, which are connected to the perforated steel boxes 16 via multiple second steel cables 20. Adjacent second steel cables 20 are connected by multiple coconut fiber ropes 15. The perforated steel boxes 16 are filled with a mixed matrix 8. The lower end of the perforated steel boxes 16 is connected to a concrete pile 17 via a first steel cable 18. The concrete pile 17 is inserted into the subtidal zone 5. The oyster reef-type submerged sand barrier is assembled from the coconut fiber ropes 15, the perforated steel boxes 16, the concrete pile 17, the steel cables 18, the pontoons 19, and the steel cables 20. The perforated steel boxes 16 are filled with a mixed matrix 8. The concrete pile 17 is inserted into the substrate 5 for fixation. The holes at the tail of the concrete pile 17 are connected to the perforated steel boxes 16 via the steel cables 18. The pontoons 19 are connected to the perforated steel boxes 16 via the steel cables 20.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the mixed matrix 8 is made of a mixture of oysters, scallops, and dolomite blocks.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the mixed matrix 8 is:

[0065] The shells of oysters and scallops with a length of 7-15 cm are mixed, rinsed with fresh water to remove impurities, and then exposed to the sun for disinfection;

[0066] The natural dolomite block material is crushed, and blocks of 20 to 40 cm are selected and mixed with sterilized shellfish shells at a ratio of 1:4 between shellfish shell and stone shell, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to form a mixed matrix 8.

[0067] The shellfish components of the mixed matrix contain various shellfish secretions, which can attract shellfish to attach in seawater and provide them with various nutrients necessary for growth and reproduction. Dolomite blocks typically develop incomplete cleavage on their surfaces, forming irregular cut marks. This gradually increases the surface roughness in seawater, facilitating shellfish attachment and providing abundant calcium carbonate for shell formation. The mixed matrix is ​​then filled into coconut fiber mesh bags and perforated steel boxes.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Further illustrate with reference to Example 1, Figure 1-4 In the structure shown, the mixed matrix 8 comprises recycled shells of various shellfish and dolomite blocks. The shellfish are local shellfish recovered from natural sea areas or aquaculture ponds, with a shell height of 7 to 15 cm. The dolomite blocks have a particle size of 20 to 40 cm. The shellfish to dolomite mass ratio is 1:3 to 1:5.

[0070] The coconut shell fiber rope 15 is made of coconut shell fiber and has a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters.

[0071] The coconut shell fiber woven net is made of coconut shell fiber ropes, is 5 meters wide, 10 meters long, 1 to 1.5 centimeters thick, and has a mesh size of no more than 5 centimeters.

[0072] The coconut shell fiber mesh bag 11 is made of a coconut shell fiber woven net, is 2 meters long, 30 centimeters wide and 30 centimeters high, and each coconut shell fiber mesh bag is filled with about 180 liters of mixed matrix.

[0073] The polyurethane block 9 is made of gravel with a particle size of 1 mm to 5 mm, and the ratio of polyurethane to gravel is 1:9. The single block formed after polyurethane bonding is a cubic structure with a side length of about 30 cm.

[0074] The concrete pipe has a wall thickness of no less than 2 cm, an inner diameter of 5 meters on the top surface, and a lower inner diameter of 4.5 meters on the bottom surface. Its lower portion is a 30 cm tall cylinder, and its upper portion is an inverted truncated cone, 40 cm tall. During installation, it is assembled and laid out as six 60-degree precast concrete sectors, facilitating transportation and installation. Adjacent precast concrete sectors are joined together using stoppers.

[0075] The steel used for the perforated steel plate box and steel cables is seawater corrosion-resistant steel that meets the standard of GB / T 712-2022 "Structural Steel for Ships and Marine Engineering"; the length is 2 meters, the width is 30 centimeters, and the height is 60 centimeters. The steel plate thickness is not less than 10 millimeters, the aperture diameter is not more than 50 millimeters, the hole shape is round or square, and the aperture area accounts for 70%;

[0076] The diameter of the steel cable is not less than 10 mm.

[0077] The total length of the concrete pile is 2 to 2.5 meters, and the diameter is not less than 50 mm. The bottom of the concrete pile is sharpened and completely inserted into the substrate for fixation. The tail is drilled with a hole with a diameter of 20 mm. The surface of the shaft is roughened to increase the friction coefficient with the substrate.

[0078] The buoyancy box is made of hollow acrylic material. The sum of the buoyancy provided by each buoyancy box connected to the perforated steel box is determined according to the sum of the buoyancy required for 1.5 times the weight of the "filled attachment base" when the perforated steel box is arranged and the buoyancy required for the coconut fiber rope to grow seaweed, so as to meet the need for lifting buoyancy due to the increase in weight after the perforated steel box is attached to oysters.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] Further illustrate with reference to Examples 1-2, Figure 1-4 The structure shown, S1, selects an area in the intertidal zone 4 where the average daily water level is maintained at a depth greater than 30 cm for more than 6 hours as the intertidal reef 1 arrangement area;

[0081] First, the lower layer of coconut shell fiber woven mesh 7 is laid in this area to play the role of matrix fixing and supporting;

[0082] A mixed matrix 8 with a thickness of about 20-30 cm is laid on the lower coconut fiber woven net 7, and polyurethane blocks 9 are placed on the mixed matrix 8. The spacing between the polyurethane blocks 9 is 30-40 cm, and the density of the polyurethane blocks 9 is 8×16 on each intertidal reef unit 1;

[0083] Cover the polyurethane block 9 with an upper layer of coconut fiber woven net 10, and use coconut fiber rope to tie and fix the edges of the upper and lower layers of coconut fiber net;

[0084] S2, in the subtidal zone 5, an area with an average low tide depth of 1.2-1.6 meters is selected as the subtidal reef body 2 deployment area, and coconut fiber mesh bags 11 are placed at the location using transportation or manually, and five parallel coconut fiber mesh bags 11 are stacked into a terrace structure, which is connected end to end to form the outer wall of the subtidal reef body unit with a width of about 25-30 meters and a length of about 45-55 meters. Adjacent coconut fiber mesh bags 11 on the outer wall are tied and fixed with coconut fiber ropes;

[0085] In the area enclosed by the outer wall, the top surface is spaced about 5-8 meters apart, and concrete pipes are arranged in each unit with a density of 2×4 fan-shaped concrete wall components;

[0086] Fill the area between the outer wall of the subtidal reef 2 and the concrete pipe 12 with the mixed matrix 8 using a transport vehicle or manually, with a stacking height of 60 cm to 70 cm;

[0087] S3. Use transportation tools or manual labor to place the perforated steel box 16 in the target area. Use a third steel cable to tie each perforated steel box 16 together to form an oyster reef-type sand barrier of about 30-40 meters in length.

[0088] 3-4 concrete piles 17 are arranged at equal distances under each perforated steel box 16. The concrete piles 17 are inserted into the bottom soil for 2-3 meters and fixed. A first steel cable 18 of about 15-20 cm in length is used to connect the tail opening of the concrete pile 17 to the perforated steel box 16.

[0089] Use a second steel cable 20 to connect the perforated steel box 16 to the pontoon 19. The effective length of the second steel cable 20 is the highest tidal depth minus the height of the oyster reef-type sand barrier, minus 15-20 cm.

[0090] Coconut shell fiber ropes 15 are fixed between adjacent pontoons 19 and between the pontoons 19 and the second steel cables 20 of the perforated steel plate boxes 16;

[0091] S4. At normal tide levels, the perforated steel box 16 sinks to the bottom and serves as a submerged embankment. From a tide level of about 15-20 cm below the highest tide to the highest tide, the perforated steel box 16 is gradually lifted by the buoyancy of the seawater. A small amount of sediment deposited on its surface is carried away by the current during its movement, and the perforated steel box 16 and the mixed matrix 8 filled inside continue to maintain an environment suitable for shellfish survival.

[0092] S5. The three units of different oyster reef-type submerged dikes can be constructed simultaneously or sequentially;

[0093] S6. Leave about 5-8 meters between intertidal reef units 1 and about 15-20 meters between subtidal reef units 2 to allow for water flow, material, biological pathways, and reef area growth.

[0094] The oyster reef type sand barrier 3 is arranged in three rows in a staggered manner, with a horizontal interval of about 5-6 meters and a vertical interval of about 15-20 meters;

[0095] S7. After the artificial reef is deployed, a biological survey will be conducted in the sea area within the construction scope. Under the condition of rich biological germplasm resources, the artificial ecological reef can naturally attract shellfish, algae, seaweed seeds, shrimp and crab benthic organisms in the seawater to attach, grow and reproduce, and gradually form a stable and beneficial ecosystem;

[0096] However, in general, due to the unavoidable adverse effects on the marine ecology during the construction process, artificial seedling attachment is required to accelerate the development of the ecosystem on the artificial reef.

[0097] S8. Various local shellfish collected from nearby sea areas or artificially raised can be cultured on the mixed substrate by hanging them with coconut fiber ropes;

[0098] The concrete pipes can be used to sow local seaweed seeds using the mud ball method, and to stock benthic animals such as shrimp and crabs;

[0099] S9, a variety of native algae can be arranged on the surface of polyurethane blocks, the surface of concrete pipes and the coconut fiber ropes between the pontoon cables.

[0100] Artificial reefs were designed to address the diverse environmental characteristics of intertidal, subtidal, and high-silt concentration areas. The intertidal reefs utilize polyurethane boulders, which reduce the reef's requirement for tidal inundation time, significantly expanding the reef's layout and height. The reefs cover a wider area of ​​mudflats, protecting them from alluvial erosion and providing improved beach protection. Combined with the oyster reef-style sand-retaining embankment constructed offshore, they reduce the sediment content of the seawater throughout the reef area, minimizing the risk of siltation and improving water clarity. A variety of habitats are strategically located, with a variety of shellfish growing on the mixed substrate. A variety of algae grows on the polyurethane boulders, concrete pile surfaces, buoyancy boxes, and coconut fiber ropes attached to the cables. Concrete pipes host a variety of seaweeds, shrimp, and crabs, attracting some fish to spawn. The closely interconnected habitats of various species can beneficially influence each other. Filter-feeding shellfish purify water quality, improve water clarity, and promote the growth and photosynthesis of seagrasses and algae. These in turn provide a rich food source for benthic animals such as shellfish, shrimp, crabs, and fish. Predation on shellfish by shrimp, crabs, and fish triggers a selective culling of the shellfish, improving their activity and quality, thus forming a stable and beneficial ecosystem. Oyster reef-type submerged sand-blocking dikes leverage the buoyancy of seawater to rise periodically with the tide, preventing the continuous accumulation of surface sediment. This allows shellfish to attach to the dike surface, which increases its structural strength, wave-breaking performance, and ecological benefits.

[0101] The above results demonstrate that the ecological reef constructed in this embodiment has significantly better wave-breaking and beach-protection capabilities, biodiversity, ecological stability, and water purification capabilities than traditional reefs. Furthermore, the entire reef construction process is low-cost and easy to transport and assemble. Furthermore, the materials used are environmentally friendly and will not adversely impact the marine habitat.

[0102] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be the technical solutions set forth in the claims, including equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the technical solutions set forth in the claims. In other words, equivalent alternatives and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow seas, characterized by: The intertidal zone (4), the subtidal zone (5) and the water surface position (6) are respectively provided with an intertidal zone reef body (1), a subtidal zone reef body (2) and an oyster reef type sand barrier (3), wherein a plurality of intertidal zone reef bodies (1) are staggered on the intertidal zone (4), a plurality of concrete pipes (12) are provided on the subtidal zone (5), the subtidal zone reef body (2) is laid on the concrete pipes (12), and the concrete pipes (12) pass through the surface of the subtidal zone reef body (2); A plurality of oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes (3) are suspended at a water surface position (6) via a plurality of pontoons (19), and the plurality of oyster reef-type sand-blocking dikes (3) are staggered; The intertidal reef (1), subtidal reef (2) and oyster reef-type sand barrier (3) are all filled with mixed matrix (8); The intertidal reef (1) comprises a lower coconut fiber woven net (7) and an upper coconut fiber woven net (10), wherein the edges of the lower coconut fiber woven net (7) and the upper coconut fiber woven net (10) are sewn together to form a net bag, a mixed matrix (8) is arranged on the upper surface of the lower coconut fiber woven net (7), and a plurality of polyurethane blocks (9) are arranged between the mixed matrix (8) and the upper coconut fiber woven net (10); The subtidal reef (2) comprises a plurality of stacked coconut fiber mesh bags (11), wherein the coconut fiber mesh bags (11) are filled with a mixed matrix (8), the plurality of coconut fiber mesh bags (11) are stacked into a terrace structure, the plurality of stacked coconut fiber mesh bags (11) are connected end to end to form an outer wall of the subtidal reef (2), and the adjacent coconut fiber mesh bags (11) on the outer wall are tied and connected to each other; A mixed matrix (8) is stacked inside an outer wall formed by stacking a plurality of coconut shell fiber mesh bags (11) connected end to end; The concrete pipe (12) is composed of a plurality of sector components (13) spliced ​​together, and the ends of adjacent sector components (13) are fixed by connecting buckles (14) to form the concrete pipe (12), and the mixed matrix (8) is laid along the outer circle of the concrete pipe (12); The oyster reef-type sand-blocking dike (3) includes a plurality of pontoons (19), which are connected to the perforated steel plate boxes (16) through a plurality of second steel cables (20), and adjacent second steel cables (20) are connected through a plurality of coconut fiber ropes (15). The perforated steel plate boxes (16) are filled with a mixed matrix (8), and the lower end surface of the perforated steel plate boxes (16) is connected to a concrete pile (17) through a first steel cable (18), and the concrete pile (17) is inserted into the subtidal zone (5).

2. The combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane block stone (9) is a block structure formed by polyurethane adhesive, and the block structure is laid between the mixed matrix (8) and the upper coconut shell fiber woven mesh (10).

3. The combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed matrix (8) is made of a mixture of oysters, scallops, and dolomite blocks.

4. The combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane block (9) uses crushed stone with a particle size of 1 mm to 5 mm, and a ratio of polyurethane to crushed stone of 1:

9. The single block formed after polyurethane bonding is a cubic structure with a side length of 30 cm.

5. The combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the mixed matrix (8) is as follows: The shells of oysters and scallops with a length of 7-15 cm are mixed, rinsed with fresh water to remove impurities, and then exposed to the sun for disinfection; The natural dolomite block material was crushed, and 20-40 cm blocks were selected and mixed with sterilized shellfish shells at a shellfish to stone ratio of 1:3-1:5 to prepare a mixed matrix (8).

6. A method for constructing a combined artificial ecological reef suitable for intertidal zones and nearshore shallow waters according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method includes: S1. In the intertidal zone (4), an area where the average water level maintains a depth of more than 30 cm for more than 6 hours per day is selected as the intertidal reef (1) layout area; First, a lower layer of coconut shell fiber woven mesh (7) is laid in the area to serve as a matrix fixing support; A mixed matrix (8) with a thickness of 20-30 cm is laid on the lower layer of coconut fiber woven net (7), and polyurethane blocks (9) are placed on the mixed matrix (8). The spacing between the polyurethane blocks (9) is 30-40 cm, and the density of the polyurethane blocks (9) is 8×16 on each intertidal reef (1) unit; Covering the polyurethane block stone (9) with an upper layer of coconut fiber woven net (10), and binding and fixing the edges of the upper and lower coconut fiber nets with coconut fiber ropes; S2. In the subtidal zone (5), an area with an average low tide depth of 1.2-1.6 meters is selected as the subtidal reef (2) placement area, and coconut fiber mesh bags (11) are placed in the placement area by means of transportation or manually, and five parallel coconut fiber mesh bags (11) are stacked into a terrace structure, which is connected end to end to form the outer wall of a subtidal reef unit with a width of 25-30 meters and a length of 45-55 meters. Adjacent coconut fiber mesh bags (11) on the outer wall are tied and fixed with coconut fiber ropes; In the area enclosed by the outer wall, the concrete pipes are arranged at intervals of 5-8 meters above the top surface, with 2×4 density assembled sector concrete wall components in each unit; Filling the area between the outer wall of the subtidal reef (2) and the concrete pipe (12) with a mixed matrix (8) using a transport vehicle or manually, with a stacking height of 60 cm to 70 cm; S3, using transportation tools or manual labor to place the perforated steel plate box (16) to the target area, and each perforated steel plate box (16) is tied together with a third steel cable to form an oyster reef-type sand barrier with a length of 30-40 meters; 3-4 concrete piles (17) are arranged at equal distances under each perforated steel plate box (16), and the concrete piles (17) are inserted into the bottom 2-3 meters and fixed, and a first steel cable (18) of 15-20 cm in length is used to connect the tail opening of the concrete pile (17) with the perforated steel plate box (16); A second steel cable (20) is used to connect the perforated steel plate box (16) to the buoyancy box (19), wherein the effective length of the second steel cable (20) is the water depth at the highest tidal level minus the height of the oyster reef-type sand barrier, minus 15-20 cm; A coconut fiber rope (15) is fixed between adjacent buoyancy boxes (19) and between the buoyancy boxes (19) and the second steel cables (20) of the perforated steel plate boxes (16); S4. At normal tide level, the perforated steel box (16) sinks to the bottom as a submerged embankment to block sand. In the tidal level range from 15-20 cm below the highest tide to the highest tide, the perforated steel box (16) is gradually raised by the buoyancy of seawater. A small amount of sediment deposited on its surface is carried away by the water flow during its movement. The perforated steel box (16) and the mixed matrix (8) filled inside it continue to maintain an environment for shellfish to survive; S5. Different oyster reef-type submerged dike (3) units are constructed simultaneously or sequentially; S6. Leave 5-8 meters between intertidal reef units (1) and 15-20 meters between subtidal reef units (2) as a reserve for water flow, material, biological pathways, and reef area growth; Oyster reef type sand barrier (3) The oyster reef type sand barrier is arranged in three rows in a staggered manner, with a horizontal interval of 5-6 meters and a vertical interval of 15-20 meters; S7. After the artificial reef is deployed, a biological survey will be conducted in the sea area within the construction scope. Under the conditions of rich biological germplasm resources, the artificial ecological reef will naturally attract shellfish, algae, seaweed seeds, shrimp and crab benthic organisms in the seawater to attach, grow and reproduce, gradually forming a stable and beneficial ecosystem; Since the construction process will inevitably cause some adverse effects on the marine ecology, artificial seedling attachment is needed to accelerate the development of the ecosystem on the artificial reef; S8. A variety of local shellfish collected from nearby waters or artificially raised are cultured on a mixed substrate using coconut fiber ropes; Local seaweed seeds are sown in concrete pipes using the mud-ball method, and benthic animals such as shrimp and crabs are released. S9, a variety of native algae are planted on the surface of polyurethane blocks, the surface of concrete pipes and the coconut fiber ropes between the pontoon cables.

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