Automatic transferring equipment for power battery module

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery modules, and discloses power battery module automatic transferring equipment which comprises a loading table, a conveying table is arranged on one side of the loading table, an extension seat is fixedly mounted on the side, close to the conveying table, of the loading table, and a transferring assembly is fixedly mounted at the top end of the extension seat. The two sides of the bottom end of the transplanting assembly are located over the loading table and the conveying table correspondingly, conveying rollers are movably installed on the inner side face of the conveying table at equal intervals, a mold base is placed at the top ends of the conveying rollers, and a clamping groove is formed in the top end of the mold base. When the battery is transplanted, the electric clamping jaw automatically descends, the action between a limiting rod and a limiting hole is matched, and a connecting rod and a clamping block are matched, so that the limiting of the battery module can be automatically released when the electric clamping jaw descends, the process of manually releasing the clamping of the battery module by a traditional device is not needed, and the whole process is automatically completed; the transplanting time can be effectively shortened, and the transplanting efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery modules, and in particular relates to an automatic transfer device for power battery modules. Background Art

[0002] The production process of new energy vehicle power batteries is mainly divided into three major process sections: single cell preparation (Cell), cell grouping (Module), and cell assembly (Pack). In recent years, the automation, informationization, and intelligence levels of the domestic power battery module production process have been greatly improved, and common technologies such as precision assembly, automatic tightening, and material distribution have been widely used. In the process of cell assembly, the battery module needs to be moved, that is, it needs to be moved from the conveyor platform to the loading platform. At this time, a special transplanting device is needed.

[0003] A conventional transplanting device consists of an electric clamp and auxiliary components. When in use, the electric clamp can be moved to the top of the conveyor platform, and the module clamp is controlled to be loosened and then the electric clamp is used to clamp the battery module to complete the transfer process of the battery module. In the above process, although the battery module can be effectively transferred, the module clamp needs to be frequently manually loosened during transfer, which affects the efficiency of the entire transplantation to a certain extent.

[0004] At the same time, during the transportation process, the battery modules need to be placed on the loading platform after transportation, and the battery clamping and battery placement cannot be performed at the same time, resulting in the inability to perform continuous battery module transplantation, which seriously affects the overall transplantation efficiency and urgently needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic transfer device for power battery modules to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an automatic transfer device for power battery modules, comprising a loading platform, a conveying platform is provided on one side of the loading platform, an extension seat is fixedly installed on the side of the loading platform close to the conveying platform, a transplanting assembly is fixedly installed on the top of the extension seat, both sides of the bottom of the transplanting assembly are respectively located directly above the loading platform and the conveying platform, conveying rollers are movably installed at equal distances on the inner side surface of the conveying platform, a mold seat is placed on the top of the conveying roller, a card slot is opened on the top of the mold seat, and a card block is movably connected to the front and rear sides of the card slot, a clamping plate is fixedly installed on the top of the card block, a linkage assembly is fixedly installed on one side of the mold seat, and the linkage assembly is located directly below the transplanting assembly.

[0007] When in use, multiple mold seats can be placed according to the number of battery modules, and the mold seats can be placed above the conveying rollers at equal distances, and multiple battery modules can be placed above the mold seats. In the initial state, the linkage assembly is in the initial state. At this time, the two clamps are close to each other to clamp the internal battery modules. After the preparation of the battery modules is completed, the conveying roller can be turned on to control the rotation of the conveying roller to convey the mold seat at the top. When the mold seat is conveyed to the bottom of the transplanting assembly, the conveying roller can be closed and wait for transplanting.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the transplanting assembly includes a rotating frame, a cam divider is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the rotating frame, the bottom end of the cam divider is connected to the top end of the extension seat, and the output end of the cam divider is connected to the middle of the bottom end of the rotating frame.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the single rotation angle of the cam divider is one hundred and eighty degrees, cylinders are installed on both sides of the bottom end of the rotating frame, and electric clamps are fixedly installed on the output ends of the cylinders.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a pressing seat is fixedly installed on one side of the electric clamp, and a limiting rod located above the linkage assembly is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the pressing seat.

[0011] When the battery module is being transplanted, that is, when the mold seat is moved to the bottom of the transplanting assembly, the cam divider can be started to drive the rotating frame to rotate 180 degrees until the electric clamping jaws without the battery module are moved to the top of the mold seat, thus completing the preparation for transplanting the battery module.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the linkage assembly includes a linkage seat, which is located on one side of the mold seat, and a first fixed seat is fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom end of the linkage seat, and one end of the first fixed seat away from the linkage seat is movably connected to a connecting rod through a rotating shaft, and one end of the connecting rod away from the first fixed seat is movably connected to a second fixed seat through a rotating shaft.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the bottom end of the second fixed seat is connected to one side of the clamping block, and the top end of the linkage seat is provided with a limiting hole located directly below the limiting rod. When the bottom end of the pressing seat contacts the top end of the linkage seat, the limiting rod and the limiting hole are movably connected.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the linkage assembly also includes a fixed tube, the bottom end of the fixed tube is connected to the top end of the mold seat, the internal movable sleeve of the fixed tube is provided with a piston plate, the top end of the piston plate is fixedly provided with a piston rod, the top end of the piston rod passes through the top end of the fixed tube and is connected to the bottom end of the linkage seat.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a limit spring is movably sleeved on the outer side surface of the piston rod, and the upper and lower ends of the limit spring are respectively connected to the bottom end of the linkage seat and the top end of the fixed tube.

[0016] When the electric clamp moves to the top of the mold seat, the limit rod and the limit hole just correspond to each other. At this time, the cylinder at the corresponding position can be opened, and the electric clamp and the pressing seat move downward, and drive the limit rod to move downward. At this time, the limit rod can be inserted into the limit hole and apply downward pressure to the linkage seat. At this time, the connecting rod deflects away from the linkage seat. At this time, a thrust can be applied to the two second fixed seats, and the two blocks are driven away from each other until the two clamps are driven away from each other, automatically releasing the clamping process of the battery module.

[0017] By utilizing the automatic descent of the electric clamp during battery transplantation, and coordinating the action between the limit rod and the limit hole, as well as the cooperation between the connecting rod and the clamping block, the limit on the battery module can be automatically released when the electric clamp descends. There is no need for the traditional device to manually release the clamping of the battery module. The entire process is completed automatically, which can effectively shorten the transplanting time and improve the transplanting efficiency.

[0018] When the two clamps move away from each other, the electric clamp continues to descend, and the battery module can be clamped by the electric clamp. After clamping, the cylinder can be turned on to control the electric clamp to rise, and the linkage assembly automatically resets. When the battery module leaves the clamp, the cam divider can be turned on to drive the rotating frame to rotate 180 degrees, and the electric clamp holding the battery module can be transferred to the top of the loading platform. At this time, the electric clamp that has not clamped the battery module can continue to clamp the battery module above the mold seat to complete the continuous transplanting process.

[0019] By utilizing the coordination between the transplanting component, the linkage component and the splint, the battery module can be automatically released by controlling the transplanting component. At the same time, the battery module can be clamped and placed at the same time. The two processes are completed simultaneously without interruption, so that continuous battery module transplantation can be achieved, further improving the transplanting efficiency.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the side of the fixed tube close to the bottom end and away from the mold base is fixedly connected to an air inlet pipe, and the side of the fixed tube close to the bottom end and close to the mold base is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe. Both the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are installed with a one-way valve inside, and the directions of the valves are respectively inward conduction and outward blockage and outward conduction and inward blockage.

[0021] When the linkage seat descends, that is, the clamping of the battery module is released, the piston rod and the piston plate descend accordingly, and the air inside the fixed tube can be pressed out. At this time, the air is then discharged through the exhaust pipe and acts on the surface of the battery module to complete auxiliary cleaning. When the linkage seat rises, negative pressure can be generated inside the fixed tube, and air is sucked into the fixed tube through the air intake pipe, waiting for the next use.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The present invention utilizes the automatic descent of the electric clamp during battery transplantation, and cooperates with the action between the limit rod and the limit hole, and the cooperation between the connecting rod and the clamping block to realize the automatic release of the limit on the battery module when the electric clamp descends. There is no need for the traditional device to manually release the clamping of the battery module. The whole process is completed automatically, which can effectively shorten the transplanting time and improve the transplanting efficiency.

[0024] 2. The present invention utilizes the cooperation between the transplanting component, the linkage component and the clamping plate, so that the battery module can be automatically released by controlling the transplanting component, and the battery module can be clamped and placed at the same time. The two processes are completed simultaneously without interruption, so that the battery module can be transplanted continuously, further improving the transplanting efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a separate schematic diagram of the loading platform structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a separate schematic diagram of the transplanting assembly structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a state where the loading platform and the transplanting assembly are hidden;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the mold base and the linkage assembly structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the card slot and card block structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a separate schematic diagram of the linkage component structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1. loading platform; 2. extension seat; 3. conveying platform; 4. conveying roller; 5. transplanting assembly; 501. rotating frame; 502. cam divider; 503. cylinder; 504. electric clamp; 505. pressing seat; 506. limiting rod; 6. mold seat; 7. slot; 8. block; 9. clamp; 10. linkage assembly; 101. linkage seat; 102. first fixed seat; 103. second fixed seat; 104. connecting rod; 105. fixing pipe; 106. intake pipe; 107. exhaust pipe; 108. piston plate; 109. piston rod; 1010. limiting spring; 1011. limiting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, an automatic transfer device for power battery modules includes a loading platform 1, a conveying platform 3 is provided on one side of the loading platform 1, an extension seat 2 is fixedly installed on the side of the loading platform 1 close to the conveying platform 3, a transplanting component 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the extension seat 2, and both sides of the bottom of the transplanting component 5 are respectively located directly above the loading platform 1 and the conveying platform 3, a conveying roller 4 is movably installed at an equal distance on the inner side surface of the conveying platform 3, a mold seat 6 is placed on the top of the conveying roller 4, a card slot 7 is opened on the top of the mold seat 6, a card block 8 is movably connected to the front and rear sides of the card slot 7, a clamping plate 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the clamping block 8, a linkage component 10 is fixedly installed on one side of the mold seat 6, and the linkage component 10 is located directly below the transplanting component 5.

[0035] When in use, multiple mold seats 6 can be placed according to the number of battery modules, and the mold seats 6 can be placed above the conveying roller 4 at equal distances, and multiple battery modules can be placed above the mold seats 6. In the initial state, the linkage assembly 10 is in the initial state. At this time, the two clamps 9 are close to each other to clamp the internal battery modules. After the preparation of the battery modules is completed, the conveying roller 4 can be turned on to control the rotation of the conveying roller 4 to convey the mold seat 6 at the top. When the mold seat 6 is conveyed to the bottom of the transplanting assembly 5, the conveying roller 4 can be closed and wait for transplanting.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the transplanting assembly 5 includes a rotating frame 501, a cam divider 502 is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the rotating frame 501, the bottom end of the cam divider 502 is connected to the top end of the extension seat 2, the output end of the cam divider 502 is connected to the middle of the bottom end of the rotating frame 501, the single rotation angle of the cam divider 502 is one hundred and eighty degrees, cylinders 503 are installed on both sides of the bottom end of the rotating frame 501, electric clamps 504 are fixedly installed on the output ends of the cylinders 503, a pressing seat 505 is fixedly installed on one side of the electric clamp 504, and a limiting rod 506 located above the linkage assembly 10 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the pressing seat 505.

[0037] When the battery module is being transplanted, that is, when the mold seat 6 is moved to the bottom of the transplanting assembly 5, the cam divider 502 can be started to drive the rotating frame 501 to rotate 180 degrees until the electric clamp 504 without the battery module is moved to the top of the mold seat 6, thereby completing the preparation for transplanting the battery module.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the linkage assembly 10 includes a linkage seat 101, which is located on one side of the mold seat 6, and first fixed seats 102 are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom end of the linkage seat 101, and the end of the first fixed seat 102 away from the linkage seat 101 is movably connected to a connecting rod 104 through a rotating shaft, and the end of the connecting rod 104 away from the first fixed seat 102 is movably connected to a second fixed seat 103 through a rotating shaft, and the bottom end of the second fixed seat 103 is connected to one side of the block 8, and a limiting hole 1011 located directly below the limiting rod 506 is opened at the top of the linkage seat 101, and the bottom end of the pressing seat 505 is connected to the top of the linkage seat 101. When the ends are in contact, the limiting rod 506 is movably connected with the limiting hole 1011, and the linkage assembly 10 also includes a fixed tube 105, the bottom end of the fixed tube 105 is connected to the top of the mold base 6, and the inside of the fixed tube 105 is movably sleeved with a piston plate 108, and the top of the piston plate 108 is fixedly installed with a piston rod 109, the top of the piston rod 109 passes through the top of the fixed tube 105 and is connected to the bottom end of the linkage base 101, and the outer side surface of the piston rod 109 is movably sleeved with a limiting spring 1010, and the upper and lower ends of the limiting spring 1010 are respectively connected to the bottom end of the linkage base 101 and the top of the fixed tube 105.

[0039] Embodiment: When the electric clamp 504 moves to the top of the mold seat 6, the limit rod 506 just corresponds to the limit hole 1011. At this time, the cylinder 503 at the corresponding position can be opened, and the electric clamp 504 and the pressing seat 505 move downward accordingly, and drive the limit rod 506 to move downward. At this time, the limit rod 506 can be inserted into the inside of the limit hole 1011 and apply downward pressure to the linkage seat 101. At this time, the connecting rod 104 deflects in the direction away from the linkage seat 101. At this time, a thrust can be applied to the two second fixed seats 103, and the two blocks 8 are driven away from each other, until the two clamps 9 are driven away from each other, and the clamping process of the battery module is automatically released.

[0040] By utilizing the automatic descent of the electric clamp 504 during battery transplantation, and coordinating the action between the limit rod 506 and the limit hole 1011, as well as the cooperation between the connecting rod 104 and the block 8, the electric clamp 504 can automatically release the limit on the battery module when it descends. There is no need for traditional devices to manually release the clamping of the battery module. The entire process is completed automatically, which can effectively shorten the transplanting time and improve the transplanting efficiency.

[0041] Embodiment: When the two clamps 9 move away from each other, the electric clamp 504 continues to descend, and the battery module can be clamped by the electric clamp 504. After clamping, the cylinder 503 can be opened to control the electric clamp 504 to rise. At this time, the linkage assembly 10 automatically resets. When the battery module leaves the clamp 9, the cam divider 502 can be opened to drive the rotating frame 501 to rotate 180 degrees, and the electric clamp 504 holding the battery module is transferred to the top of the loading platform 1. At this time, the electric clamp 504 that has not clamped the battery module can continue to clamp the battery module above the mold seat 6 to complete the continuous transplanting process.

[0042] By utilizing the cooperation between the transplanting component 5, the linkage component 10 and the clamping plate 9, it is only necessary to control the transplanting component 5 to automatically release the battery module, and the battery module can be clamped and placed at the same time. The two processes are completed simultaneously without interruption, so that continuous battery module transplantation can be achieved, further improving the transplanting efficiency.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown, the fixed tube 105 is fixedly connected to an air inlet pipe 106 on one side close to the bottom end and away from the mold base 6, and the fixed tube 105 is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe 107 on one side close to the bottom end and close to the mold base 6. One-way valves are installed inside the air inlet pipe 106 and the exhaust pipe 107, and the directions of the valves are respectively inward conduction and outward blockage and outward conduction and inward blockage.

[0044] When the linkage seat 101 descends, that is, the clamping of the battery module is released, the piston rod 109 and the piston plate 108 descend accordingly, and the air inside the fixed tube 105 can be pressed out. At this time, the air is then discharged through the exhaust pipe 107 and acts on the surface of the battery module to complete auxiliary cleaning. When the linkage seat 101 rises, negative pressure can be generated inside the fixed tube 105, and air is sucked into the fixed tube 105 through the air intake pipe 106, waiting for the next use.

[0045] Working principle and usage process:

[0046] When in use, multiple mold seats 6 can be placed according to the number of battery modules, and the mold seats 6 can be placed above the conveying roller 4 at equal distances, and multiple battery modules can be placed above the mold seats 6. In the initial state, the linkage component 10 is in the initial state. At this time, the two clamping plates 9 are close to each other to clamp the internal battery modules. After the preparation of the battery module is completed, the conveying roller 4 can be turned on to control the conveying roller 4 to rotate to convey the top mold seat 6. When the mold seat 6 is conveyed to the bottom of the transplanting component 5, the conveying roller 4 can be closed to wait for transplanting;

[0047] When the battery module is being transplanted, that is, when the mold seat 6 is moved to the bottom of the transplanting assembly 5, the cam divider 502 can be started to drive the rotating frame 501 to rotate 180 degrees until the electric clamping jaws 504 without clamping the battery module are moved to the top of the mold seat 6, and the preparation for transplanting the battery module is completed;

[0048] When the electric clamp 504 is displaced to the top of the mold seat 6, the limit rod 506 just corresponds to the limit hole 1011, and the cylinder 503 at the corresponding position can be opened. At this time, the electric clamp 504 and the pressing seat 505 move downward accordingly, and drive the limit rod 506 to move downward. At this time, the limit rod 506 can be inserted into the inside of the limit hole 1011 and exert downward pressure on the linkage seat 101. At this time, the connecting rod 104 deflects in the direction away from the linkage seat 101, and a thrust can be applied to the two second fixing seats 103, and the two clamping blocks 8 are driven away from each other, until the two clamping plates 9 are driven away from each other, and the clamping process of the battery module is automatically released;

[0049] When the two clamping plates 9 move away from each other, the electric clamping jaw 504 continues to descend, and the battery module can be clamped by the electric clamping jaw 504. After the clamping is completed, the cylinder 503 can be turned on to control the electric clamping jaw 504 to rise. At this time, the linkage assembly 10 automatically resets. When the battery module leaves the clamping plate 9, the cam divider 502 can be turned on to drive the rotating frame 501 to rotate 180 degrees, and the electric clamping jaw 504 holding the battery module can be transferred to the top of the loading platform 1. At this time, the electric clamping jaw 504 that has not clamped the battery module can continue to clamp the battery module above the mold seat 6, completing the continuous transplanting process;

[0050] When the linkage seat 101 descends, that is, the clamping of the battery module is released, the piston rod 109 and the piston plate 108 descend accordingly, and the air inside the fixed tube 105 can be pressed out. At this time, the air is then discharged through the exhaust pipe 107 and acts on the surface of the battery module to complete auxiliary cleaning. When the linkage seat 101 rises, negative pressure can be generated inside the fixed tube 105, and air is sucked into the fixed tube 105 through the air intake pipe 106, waiting for the next use.

[0051] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power battery module automatic transfer device, comprising a loading platform (1), characterized in that: A conveying platform (3) is provided on one side of the loading platform (1); an extension seat (2) is fixedly installed on one side of the loading platform (1) close to the conveying platform (3); a transplanting assembly (5) is fixedly installed on the top of the extension seat (2); two sides of the bottom of the transplanting assembly (5) are respectively located directly above the loading platform (1) and the conveying platform (3); conveying rollers (4) are movably installed at equal distances on the inner side surface of the conveying platform (3); a mold seat (6) is placed on the top of the conveying roller (4); a slot (7) is provided on the top of the mold seat (6); a clamping block (8) is movably connected to the front and rear sides of the slot (7); a clamping plate (9) is fixedly installed on the top of the clamping block (8); a linkage assembly (10) is fixedly installed on one side of the mold seat (6); the linkage assembly (10) is located directly below the transplanting assembly (5).

2. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transplanting assembly (5) comprises a rotating frame (501), a cam divider (502) is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the rotating frame (501), the bottom end of the cam divider (502) is connected to the top end of the extension seat (2), and the output end of the cam divider (502) is connected to the middle of the bottom end of the rotating frame (501).

3. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The single rotation angle of the cam divider (502) is 180 degrees. Cylinders (503) are installed on both sides of the bottom of the rotating frame (501), and electric clamps (504) are fixedly installed on the output ends of the cylinders (503).

4. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A pressing seat (505) is fixedly mounted on one side of the electric clamp (504), and a limiting rod (506) located above the linkage assembly (10) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the pressing seat (505).

5. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The linkage assembly (10) comprises a linkage seat (101), wherein the linkage seat (101) is located on one side of the mold seat (6), and first fixed seats (102) are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom end of the linkage seat (101), and one end of the first fixed seat (102) away from the linkage seat (101) is movably connected to a connecting rod (104) via a rotating shaft, and one end of the connecting rod (104) away from the first fixed seat (102) is movably connected to a second fixed seat (103) via a rotating shaft.

6. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the second fixing seat (103) is connected to one side of the clamping block (8), and the top end of the linkage seat (101) is provided with a limiting hole (1011) located directly below the limiting rod (506). When the bottom end of the pressing seat (505) contacts the top end of the linkage seat (101), the limiting rod (506) and the limiting hole (1011) are movably clamped.

7. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The linkage assembly (10) further comprises a fixed tube (105), the bottom end of which is connected to the top end of the mold base (6), the internal movable sleeve of the fixed tube (105) is provided with a piston plate (108), the top end of the piston plate (108) is fixedly mounted with a piston rod (109), the top end of the piston rod (109) passes through the top end of the fixed tube (105) and is connected to the bottom end of the linkage base (101).

8. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The outer side surface of the piston rod (109) is movably sleeved with a limit spring (1010), and the upper and lower ends of the limit spring (1010) are respectively connected to the bottom end of the linkage seat (101) and the top end of the fixed tube (105).

9. The automatic transfer device for power battery modules according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixed tube (105) is fixedly connected to an air inlet pipe (106) on one side close to the bottom end and away from the mold base (6), and is fixedly connected to an air exhaust pipe (107) on one side close to the bottom end and close to the mold base (6). Both the air inlet pipe (106) and the air exhaust pipe (107) are installed with one-way valves inside, and the directions of the valves are respectively inwardly conducting and outwardly blocking, and outwardly conducting and inwardly blocking.

Images