Zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer materials. The conductive electric field shielding layer with specific components and content is constructed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, and the Faraday cage type space is formed between the zinc negative electrode and the conductive electric field shielding layer, so that an external electric field is shielded in a zinc negative electrode stripping process; zinc acid salt aggregation caused by the effect of a zinc negative electrode interface electric field is inhibited, formation of zinc oxide on the surface of the zinc negative electrode is remarkably slowed down, uniform stripping of zinc is achieved, and the utilization rate and energy density of the zinc negative electrode in an alkaline primary battery are greatly improved. The problem of serious passivation caused by zinc oxide generated on the surface of the zinc negative electrode in the alkaline electrolyte is effectively solved, and the long-term cycling stability and the service life of the alkaline secondary battery are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer materials, and in particular to a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The transformation of clean and renewable energy technologies is currently a hot topic for researchers in the field of new energy around the world. Developing advanced electrochemical energy storage devices is one of the important ways to solve environmental and energy problems. Although lithium batteries have attracted much attention due to their wide application in the market, their high cost, dependence on rare metal resources, and potential safety hazards such as flammability and explosiveness have limited their further application. Therefore, it is urgent to develop low-cost, high-safety new energy storage technologies to replace or supplement the existing system and promote the innovation and development of energy storage technologies.

[0003] Zinc-based batteries have the characteristics of high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness, and have great potential in the storage of intermittent renewable energy. In recent years, more and more researchers have devoted themselves to the development of zinc-based batteries with superior performance. Among various types of zinc-based batteries, alkaline zinc-based batteries show superior performance such as large theoretical capacity and high specific energy. However, in alkaline batteries, the passivation, side reaction, and dendrite problems of zinc anode are more severe than those in neutral acid systems. Among them, the passivation problem of zinc anode leads to low zinc anode utilization, which greatly reduces the energy density of alkaline zinc-based batteries, and the passivated zinc anode surface has a serious negative impact on the cycle reversibility, limiting the widespread application of alkaline zinc-based batteries. However, compared with the progress made in zinc deposition process, there is still a lack of discussion and insights on the mitigation of passivation during zinc dissolution. Although research has been conducted on the manufacture of zinc oxide anodes with zinc metal and complex three-dimensional structures, the increase in electrode volume and large surface area exacerbate passivation, while additional conductive agents lead to the loss of active materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a high-utilization, uniformly stripped zinc anode that can solve the passivation problem in alkaline electrolyte.

[0004] CN115548282A discloses an alkaline secondary battery negative electrode material and its preparation method and application. The zinc negative electrode material is a ZnO / ZnS / C composite material or a metal-doped ZnO / ZnS / C composite material. The novel alkaline secondary battery negative electrode material can effectively reduce the deformation of the zinc negative electrode, inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction and passivation of zinc dendrites, improve the stability of the zinc negative electrode in alkaline solution, and increase the cycle life of the alkaline secondary battery. However, the preparation method is complicated, the process requires precision, and the fundamental problem of passivation of the zinc negative electrode in the alkaline system is not solved.

[0005] CN106887581A discloses a zinc electrode material and its preparation and application. The electrode material is a micro-nano particle with a core-shell structure. It uses zinc as a core and a second metal (an alloy of one or more of iron, tin, lead, copper, silver, platinum, gold, indium, bismuth, thallium, gallium, and cadmium) as a shell. The second metal shell is wrapped around the outside of the zinc core, and there is a gap between the zinc core and the second metal shell. The zinc electrode material suppresses hydrogen evolution by controlling the dissolution of zinc oxide in the electrolyte, which effectively improves the cycle stability of the battery. However, its reaction conditions are strict, the process is complicated, and the inhibitory effect on the passivation of the zinc negative electrode surface is not good.

[0006] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an alkaline zinc-based battery negative electrode with a simple and feasible preparation method that can effectively inhibit the passivation of the zinc negative electrode surface. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer and a preparation method and application thereof. The zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer provided by the present invention can effectively inhibit the passivation of the zinc negative electrode surface and significantly improve the long-term cycle stability and service life of alkaline secondary batteries.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer, comprising a conductive electric field shielding layer and a zinc negative electrode;

[0010] The conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal or a bismuth-based metal composite;

[0011] The conductive electric field shielding layer is constructed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, and a Faraday cage-type space is formed between the zinc negative electrode and the conductive electric field shielding layer.

[0012] Preferably, the conductive electric field shielding layer has a microscopic Faraday cage structure.

[0013] Preferably, the bismuth-based metal composite is composed of a carbon-based material and a bismuth-based metal; the carbon-based material is at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphite.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the conductive electric field shielding layer is 3-40 μm.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0016] (1) pretreating a zinc-containing metal foil to obtain a pretreated zinc negative electrode;

[0017] (2) constructing a conductive electric field shielding layer on the surface of the pretreated zinc negative electrode obtained in step (1) to obtain a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer;

[0018] The construction method is at least one of chemical plating, electroplating, and drop coating.

[0019] Preferably, the pretreatment in step (1) comprises ultrasonic treatment using hydrochloric acid, acetone and ethanol in sequence.

[0020] Preferably, when the conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal, the operating layer for constructing the conductive electric field shielding in step (2) includes: placing the pretreated zinc negative electrode in a soluble bismuth salt solution, performing chemical plating on both sides of the pretreated zinc negative electrode, and obtaining the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer after cleaning.

[0021] Preferably, when the conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal composite, the operation of constructing the conductive electric field shielding layer in step (2) comprises: placing the pretreated zinc negative electrode in a soluble bismuth salt solution, performing chemical plating on both sides of the pretreated zinc negative electrode, and obtaining a chemically plated zinc negative electrode after washing;

[0022] A suspension of carbon-based material is dripped onto the surface of the chemically plated zinc negative electrode, and the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer is obtained after drying.

[0023] The present invention also provides an application of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer described in the above technical solution in an alkaline zinc-based battery.

[0024] Preferably, the alkaline zinc-based battery includes at least one of a zinc / air battery, a zinc / nickel battery, a zinc / silver battery, a zinc / manganese battery, a zinc / sulfur battery, and a zinc / carbon battery.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0026] 1) At present, the modification of zinc negative electrode in alkaline system mainly includes 3D structure design, construction of interface protection layer and zinc oxide structure modification. Although 3D structure design reduces current density by increasing surface area, it also inevitably aggravates passivation. Interface protection layer can not only adjust electric field, but also reduce contact between electrolyte and electrode, and inhibit the occurrence of side reaction. The zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer provided by the present invention does not require complicated preparation process, is simple and efficient to operate, has low requirements on experimental equipment and materials, and the prepared conductive electric field shielding layer is relatively uniform and flat, and has strong reversibility.

[0027] 2) The present invention first proposed the concept of suppressing the passivation of the zinc negative electrode by adjusting the electric field in an alkaline system, and constructed a conductive electric field shielding layer for the zinc negative electrode. The present invention verified through a large number of experiments that the conductive electric field shielding layer plays a shielding role for the external electric field during the zinc stripping process, suppresses the aggregation of zincates caused by the electric field at the zinc negative electrode interface, and significantly slows down the formation of zinc oxide on the surface of the zinc negative electrode. Compared with the prior art, the conductive electric field shielding layer based on the Faraday electric field shielding effect in the present invention realizes uniform zinc stripping, improves the problem of severe passivation of the zinc negative electrode in the alkaline system, greatly improves the utilization rate and energy density of the zinc negative electrode in the alkaline primary battery, and significantly improves the long-term cycle stability and service life in the alkaline secondary battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface morphology of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 The discharge curves of the symmetrical batteries assembled in Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 2 in 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide electrolyte respectively;

[0031] Figure 4 The zinc-air full battery prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 of the present invention has a capacity of 0.5 mAh·cm -2 Capacity 5mA·cm -2 Charge and discharge curves under current density.

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1-conductive electric field shielding layer, 2-zinc negative electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used are conventional commercial products in the art.

[0035] The present invention provides a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer, comprising a conductive electric field shielding layer 1 and a zinc negative electrode 2;

[0036] The conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal or a bismuth-based metal composite;

[0037] The conductive electric field shielding layer is constructed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, and a Faraday cage-type space is formed between the zinc negative electrode and the conductive electric field shielding layer.

[0038] A Faraday cage-like space is formed between the zinc negative electrode and the conductive electric field shielding layer in the present invention, which can shield the external electric field, so that the dissolution of the zinc negative electrode at the interface is dominated by spontaneous dissolution, while promoting the mass transfer process of hydroxide ions, thereby avoiding the loss and waste of the zinc negative electrode capacity.

[0039] In the present invention, the conductive electric field shielding layer preferably has a microscopic Faraday cage structure.

[0040] In the present invention, the bismuth-based metal composite is preferably composed of a carbon-based material and a bismuth-based metal; the carbon-based material is preferably at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphite. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the carbon-based material to the bismuth-based metal in the bismuth-based metal composite is preferably (0.01-0.95):1. The present invention controls the mass ratio of the carbon-based material to the bismuth-based metal in the bismuth-based metal composite to be within the above range, so as to improve the structural stability and functionality of the conductive electric field shielding layer formed by the bismuth-based metal composite.

[0041] In the present invention, the thickness of the conductive electric field shielding layer is preferably 3 to 40 μm, more preferably 5 to 30 μm.

[0042] The present invention provides a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer. A conductive electric field shielding layer with specific composition and content is constructed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, and a Faraday cage-type space is formed between the zinc negative electrode and the conductive electric field shielding layer. The conductive electric field shielding layer plays a shielding role for the external electric field during the stripping process of the zinc negative electrode, inhibits the aggregation of zincates caused by the electric field effect of the zinc negative electrode interface, significantly slows down the formation of zinc oxide on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, realizes uniform stripping of zinc, greatly improves the utilization rate and energy density of the zinc negative electrode in an alkaline primary battery, effectively solves the problem of severe passivation caused by the generation of zinc oxide on the surface of the zinc negative electrode in an alkaline electrolyte, and significantly improves the long-term cycle stability and service life of the alkaline secondary battery.

[0043] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) pretreating a zinc-containing metal foil to obtain a pretreated zinc negative electrode;

[0045] (2) constructing a conductive electric field shielding layer on the surface of the pretreated zinc negative electrode obtained in step (1) to obtain a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer;

[0046] The construction method is at least one of chemical plating, electroplating, and drop coating.

[0047] In the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes ultrasonic treatment with hydrochloric acid, acetone and ethanol in sequence. The present invention removes the inert oxide layer and organic pollutants on the surface of the zinc-containing metal foil through pretreatment, which is beneficial to the subsequent construction of the conductive electric field shielding layer.

[0048] In the present invention, when the conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal, the operating layer for constructing the conductive electric field shielding preferably includes: placing the pretreated zinc negative electrode in a soluble bismuth salt solution, performing chemical plating on both sides of the pretreated zinc negative electrode, and obtaining the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer after cleaning.

[0049] In the present invention, when the conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal composite, the operation of constructing the conductive electric field shielding layer preferably includes: placing a pretreated zinc negative electrode in a soluble bismuth salt solution, performing chemical plating on both sides of the pretreated zinc negative electrode, and obtaining a chemically plated zinc negative electrode after washing;

[0050] A suspension of carbon-based material is dripped onto the surface of the chemically plated zinc negative electrode, and the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer is obtained after drying.

[0051] In the present invention, the solvent of the soluble bismuth salt solution is at least one of water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, and glycerol. In the present invention, the bismuth salt in the soluble bismuth salt solution is one or more of bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride, bismuth sulfate, and bismuth oxide; the concentration of the bismuth salt in the soluble bismuth salt solution is 0.01 to 2 mol / L. The present invention controls the concentration of the bismuth salt in the soluble bismuth salt solution in the above reaction to ensure that a three-dimensional interwoven network structure composed of bismuth dendrites can be formed. This structural layer can act as a Faraday cage array to effectively shield the surface of the zinc negative electrode from the influence of local electric field effects. In the present invention, the configuration method of the soluble bismuth salt solution is preferably: after mixing the bismuth salt and the solvent, stirring and dissolving, standing and separating in sequence, taking a clear and transparent solution as a chemical plating solution, that is, a soluble bismuth salt solution.

[0052] In the present invention, the chemical plating time is preferably 1 to 10 minutes.

[0053] The present invention has no particular limitation on the cleaning method, and the surface residues can be removed by using technical solutions well known in the art.

[0054] In the present invention, the preparation of the carbon-based material suspension preferably comprises: mixing the carbon-based material and ethanol, and then stirring and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture in sequence to obtain the carbon-based material suspension.

[0055] In the present invention, the ultrasonic dispersion time is preferably 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably 20 minutes. In the present invention, the carbon-based material is preferably at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphite. In the present invention, the concentration of the carbon-based material in the carbon-based material suspension is preferably 5wt% to 50wt%.

[0056] The present invention also provides an application of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer described in the above technical solution in an alkaline zinc-based battery.

[0057] The present invention regulates uniform zinc stripping through the electric field shielding effect of the conductive electric field shielding layer during the zinc negative electrode stripping process, thereby achieving high capacity, high energy density discharge and long-term cycle stability.

[0058] In the present invention, the alkaline zinc-based battery preferably includes at least one of a zinc / air battery, a zinc / nickel battery, a zinc / silver battery, a zinc / manganese battery, a zinc / sulfur battery, and a zinc / carbon battery.

[0059] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] A zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer, comprising a conductive electric field shielding layer 1 and a zinc negative electrode 2;

[0062] The conductive electric field shielding layer is made of bismuth-based metal, has a thickness of 0.5 to 20 μm, and has a microscopic Faraday cage structure;

[0063] The conductive electric field shielding layer is constructed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, and a Faraday cage space is formed between the zinc negative electrode and the conductive electric field shielding layer;

[0064] The preparation method of the above zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer comprises the following steps:

[0065] (1) punching holes in zinc metal foil with a punching machine to form a circular sheet with a diameter of 16 mm to obtain a zinc disc, and treating the obtained zinc disc with hydrochloric acid, acetone, and ethanol ultrasonically in turn at room temperature to obtain a pretreated zinc negative electrode;

[0066] (2) After mixing ethanol and bismuth chloride, stirring and dissolving, standing and separating are performed in sequence, and a clear and transparent solution is taken as a chemical plating solution, i.e., a bismuth chloride solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L;

[0067] The pretreated zinc negative electrode obtained in step (1) is immersed in the bismuth chloride solution, so that both sides of the pretreated zinc negative electrode are chemically plated for 1 minute, then taken out and cleaned to obtain a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer.

[0068] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0069] The surface morphology of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that the coating, i.e. the conductive electric field shielding layer, forms a three-dimensional interwoven network structure of bismuth dendrites. This three-dimensional woven layer can act as a Faraday cage array, effectively shielding the zinc negative electrode surface from the influence of local electric field effects.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] Preparation method of pure zinc sheet: The pretreated zinc negative electrode prepared according to the method of Example 1 is obtained after washing.

[0072] In order to verify the inhibitory effect of the conductive electric field shielding layer in the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer provided by the present invention on the passivation of the zinc negative electrode, the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 and the pure zinc sheet prepared in Comparative Example 1 without coating were used to compare the electrochemical properties. The specific process is as follows.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 is used in preparing a symmetrical battery, and the steps are as follows:

[0075] The zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 was used as the working electrode, and a 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution was prepared as the electrolyte to assemble a symmetrical cell. Then, the electrolyte was charged at a current density of 1 mA·cm -2 Perform constant current discharge test under the conditions of

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] The difference from Example 2 is that in Comparative Example 1, a pure zinc sheet was prepared as a working electrode.

[0078] The discharge curves of the symmetrical batteries assembled in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 in 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide electrolyte are shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3It can be seen that, thanks to the unique Faraday cage structure of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1, the negative influence of the electric field at the interface on the peeling can be shielded, and the passivation rate is greatly reduced. This enables the symmetrical battery assembled with the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 to obtain a utilization rate of 95.76%, which is much greater than the utilization rate of 0.33% of the symmetrical battery assembled with the pure zinc sheet prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] The zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 is used in the preparation of a zinc-air full battery, and the steps are: preparing a mixed solution of 6 mol / L potassium hydroxide and 0.2 mol / L zinc acetate as an electrolyte; placing the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer in Example 1 as a negative electrode sheet on a titanium current collector, placing a diaphragm on the negative electrode sheet, adding 40 μL of electrolyte, and then placing a bifunctional catalytic positive electrode thereon, and finally placing a titanium current collector, and tightening the battery mold to obtain a zinc-air full battery.

[0081] Comparative Example 3

[0082] The difference from Example 3 is that the pure zinc sheet prepared in Comparative Example 1 is used as the negative electrode sheet to prepare a zinc-air full battery.

[0083] At 0.5 mAh cm -2 Capacity 5mA·cm -2 The charge and discharge performance of the zinc-air full battery prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 was tested at the current density, and the charge and discharge curves were obtained as shown in Figure 4 .Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the zinc-air battery prepared in Example 3 uses Pt / C and IrO2 / C sprayed on carbon paper as the positive electrode and the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1 as the negative electrode, which overcomes the problem of severe passivation of the traditional zinc negative electrode during the cycle leading to capacity loss. Thanks to the excellent performance provided by the conductive electric field shielding layer in Example 1, the cycle life and stability of the full battery (i.e., the zinc-air battery prepared in Example 3) are also greatly improved, achieving a capacity of 0.5 mAh·cm in a lean electrolyte (40 μL). -2 Capacity 5mA·cm -2 Long cycle (150 cycles, Figure 4 ).

[0084] In summary, by comparing the data of symmetrical batteries, asymmetric batteries and full batteries, it can be seen that the discharge depth of the zinc negative electrode with a conductive electric field shielding layer constructed in Example 1 of the present invention (i.e., the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer prepared in Example 1) is significantly increased, thereby improving the energy density and power density of the battery; in addition, the raw materials used in the preparation process of the alkaline zinc-based battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention are all low-toxic and non-toxic reagents, and the aqueous solution also meets the policy requirements of green environmental protection and low energy consumption.

[0085] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A zinc cathode conductive electric field shielding layer, characterized in that: It comprises a conductive electric field shielding layer (1) and a zinc negative electrode (2); The conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal or a bismuth-based metal composite; The conductive electric field shielding layer is constructed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, and a Faraday cage-type space is formed between the zinc negative electrode and the conductive electric field shielding layer.

2. The zinc cathode conductive electric field shielding layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive electric field shielding layer has a microscopic Faraday cage structure.

3. The zinc cathode conductive electric field shielding layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bismuth-based metal composite is composed of a carbon-based material and a bismuth-based metal; the carbon-based material is at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphite.

4. The zinc cathode conductive electric field shielding layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the conductive electric field shielding layer is 3-40 μm.

5. A method for preparing the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) pretreating a zinc-containing metal foil to obtain a pretreated zinc negative electrode; (2) constructing a conductive electric field shielding layer on the surface of the pretreated zinc negative electrode obtained in step (1) to obtain a zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer; The construction method is at least one of chemical plating, electroplating, and drop coating.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pretreatment in step (1) comprises ultrasonic treatment with hydrochloric acid, acetone and ethanol in sequence.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal, the operating layer for constructing the conductive electric field shielding in step (2) includes: placing the pretreated zinc negative electrode in a soluble bismuth salt solution, performing chemical plating on both sides of the pretreated zinc negative electrode, and obtaining the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer after cleaning.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the conductive electric field shielding layer is composed of a bismuth-based metal composite, the operation of constructing the conductive electric field shielding layer in step (2) includes: placing a pretreated zinc negative electrode in a soluble bismuth salt solution, performing chemical plating on both sides of the pretreated zinc negative electrode, and obtaining a chemically plated zinc negative electrode after washing; A suspension of carbon-based material is dripped onto the surface of the chemically plated zinc negative electrode, and the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer is obtained after drying.

9. Use of the zinc negative electrode conductive electric field shielding layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in an alkaline zinc-based battery.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The alkaline zinc-based battery includes at least one of a zinc / air battery, a zinc / nickel battery, a zinc / silver battery, a zinc / manganese battery, a zinc / sulfur battery, and a zinc / carbon battery.

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