Multi-frequency Resonance Circularly Polarized Antenna Array and Its Communication Performance Testing Method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of antenna devices, and particularly to a circularly polarized antenna array with multi-frequency resonance and a method for testing its communication performance, which solves the problem that the antenna cannot communicate through different frequencies at the same time. The antenna array includes: an antenna substrate, a circular antenna component, and a radio frequency signal line; the circular antenna component includes a feeding point, a feeding line, and a radiation unit; when the circular antenna component operates in a low-frequency operating band, a first equivalent resonance length is formed by the first branch and the second branch in the radiation unit; when the circular antenna component operates in a higher-frequency operating band, a second equivalent resonance length is formed by a part of the second branch close to the feeding line and the third branch in the radiation unit; when the circular antenna component operates in an even higher-frequency operating band, a third equivalent resonance length is formed by a part of the second branch close to the feeding line and the fourth branch in the radiation unit. The present invention can achieve multi-band radiation and reception, and improve the flexibility of the antenna.

Description

[0001] This is a divisional application of the invention patent application with the application number 202411084841.5, titled "Multi-band and Multi-feed Circularly Polarized Antenna Array and Its Communication Performance Testing Method", which was filed on August 8, 2024. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of antenna devices, and in particular, to a multi-frequency resonance circularly polarized antenna array and its communication performance testing method. Background Art

[0003] With the popularization of wireless networks and the continuous progress of technology, Wi-Fi 6 high-speed routers have been widely used. As the peak of the new generation of technology, Wi-Fi 7 poses higher requirements for the performance of Wi-Fi antennas. As a key component in wireless network communication, the performance of Wi-Fi antennas is crucial for ensuring the stability of network connections and the efficiency of data transmission. Traditional Wi-Fi antenna designs often optimize only for a single frequency band or operating mode, making it difficult to adapt to the increasingly complex and changeable network environment and diverse user needs.

[0004] CN115051146A provides an antenna and an electronic device. The antenna includes a metal sheet with a first hole, a second hole, and a connecting slit connecting the first hole and the second hole. The width of the connecting slit is less than or equal to the minimum width of the first hole and the second hole; at least one inner edge of the first hole, the second hole, and the connecting slit extends at least one resonant branch, and the equivalent extension length of the resonant branch is equal to n / 4 times the wavelength of the minimum frequency of the antenna. Although this antenna can selectively apply different resonant frequencies, it can only communicate through a single frequency at the same time, and this antenna is a linearly polarized antenna and does not support the circular polarization mode.

[0005] Therefore, how to develop a circularly polarized antenna that can communicate through different frequencies at the same time is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, to solve the problem that the antenna in the prior art cannot communicate through different frequencies at the same time, the embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-band and multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array and its communication performance testing method, which can achieve multi-band radiation and reception and improve the flexibility of the antenna.

[0007] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-frequency resonance circularly polarized antenna array, and the antenna array includes:

[0008] An antenna substrate, a plurality of circular antenna components arranged on the antenna substrate, and a plurality of radio frequency signal lines respectively connected to the corresponding circular antenna components;

[0009] In each of the circular antenna assemblies:

[0010] It includes a feeding point, a feeder line, and a radiation unit; wherein, the feeding point is located at the center of the circular antenna assembly, and there is an electrical connection between the feeding point and the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna assembly; four feeder lines extend outward from the feeding point, and the included angle between adjacent feeder lines is a right angle; one radiation unit is connected to each of the four feeder lines, and each radiation unit includes at least one radiation branch; when the circular antenna assembly operates in the low-frequency operating band, the first branch and the second branch in the radiation unit form a first equivalent resonant length, when the circular antenna assembly operates in a higher-frequency operating band, a part of the second branch close to the feeder line and the third branch in the radiation unit form a second equivalent resonant length, and when the circular antenna assembly operates in an even higher-frequency operating band, a part of the second branch close to the feeder line and the fourth branch in the radiation unit form a third equivalent resonant length.

[0011] Preferably, by adding resonant branches, adding parasitic branches, and using a length-adjustable radiator, the radiation branches have different equivalent resonant lengths in different operating bands; the equivalent resonant length is 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the minimum frequency in the operating band, or the equivalent resonant length is 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating band. Preferably, the radiation branch includes a first branch and a second branch, the middle of the first branch is connected to one end of the second branch, and the other end of the second branch is connected to the feeder line of the radiation unit.

[0012] Preferably, a third branch and a fourth branch extend from the second branch.

[0013] The third branch is symmetric about the second branch and is located between the first branch and the fourth branch.

[0014] The fourth branch is symmetric about the second branch and is located between the third branch and the feeder line connected to the radiation unit.

[0015] Preferably, the third branch is a first U-shaped branch, and the opening of the first U-shaped branch faces the first branch; the fourth branch is a second U-shaped branch, and the opening of the second U-shaped branch faces the center of the circle.

[0016] Preferably, the circular antenna assembly includes a circular PCB structure. The feeding point, feeding wire, and radiation unit in the circular antenna assembly are located on the front side of the circular PCB structure. A via hole is provided at the center of the circular PCB structure. On the back side of the circular PCB structure, a feeding ground point and a reflecting surface are provided. The feeding ground point is electrically connected to the feeding point through the via hole. The reflecting surface is circular, and the center of the reflecting surface coincides with the center of the circular PCB structure. The antenna substrate is an antenna reflector. On the back side of the circular PCB structure, an exposed area of the grounding layer in the circular PCB structure is provided, and the exposed area is welded to the antenna reflector. The circular PCB structure is adhered to the antenna reflector by three flame-retardant patches on the back side, and the three flame-retardant patches surround the center of the circular PCB structure at an angle of 120 degrees.

[0017] Preferably, the flame-retardant patch includes one or more materials of flame-retardant silica gel, flame-retardant rubber, flame-retardant polyurethane foam, and flame-retardant glass fiber. The size of the flame-retardant silica gel is 6*6*6mm3.

[0018] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for testing the communication performance of an antenna array. The antenna array is the antenna array described in the first aspect. The method includes:

[0019] Performing a standing wave ratio test on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain the standing wave ratio test results of each circular antenna assembly;

[0020] Performing an isolation test on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain the isolation test results of the antenna array;

[0021] Performing a gain and efficiency test on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain the gain and efficiency test results of each circular antenna assembly;

[0022] Setting preset thresholds for the standing wave ratio, isolation, gain, and efficiency. Among them, the standing wave ratio threshold is less than 2:1, the isolation threshold is set to 20 dB or 30 dB, the gain threshold is set to 5 dBi or 10 dBi, and the efficiency threshold is set to 50% or 70%;

[0023] Comparing the standing wave ratio test results, isolation test results, and gain and efficiency test results with the preset thresholds to determine whether the standing wave ratio test results, isolation test results, and gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements;

[0024] When the standing wave ratio test results, isolation test results, and gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, determining the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the standing wave ratio test results, isolation test results, and gain and efficiency test results.

[0025] Preferably, when the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, determine the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results, including:

[0026] Obtain the voltage standing wave ratio values of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band range according to the standing wave ratio test result;

[0027] Compare each of the voltage standing wave ratio values with a standing wave ratio threshold to obtain a first comparison result;

[0028] Obtain the isolation values between each pair of circular antenna assemblies in the antenna array in the corresponding coverage frequency band range according to the isolation test result;

[0029] Compare each of the isolation values with an isolation threshold to obtain a second comparison result;

[0030] Obtain the gain values and efficiency values of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band range according to the gain and efficiency test results;

[0031] Compare each of the gain values and the corresponding efficiency values with a gain value threshold and an efficiency value threshold to obtain a third comparison result;

[0032] Judge whether the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result;

[0033] If not qualified, adjust the layout design of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, and / or, the second comparison result, and / or, the third comparison result, where the layout design includes the positions of each circular antenna assembly and the physical dimensions and shapes of each circular antenna assembly;

[0034] If qualified, obtain several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result;

[0035] Determine the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the frequency band combination strategy.

[0036] Preferably, the obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result when qualified includes:

[0037] According to the first comparison result, obtain the first target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna components, where the covered frequency band range includes the first target frequency band range, and the voltage standing wave ratio corresponding to each frequency band in the first target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the standing wave ratio threshold;

[0038] According to the third comparison result, obtain the second target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna components, where the covered frequency band range includes the second target frequency band range, and the gain value corresponding to each frequency band in the second target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the gain value threshold and the efficiency value corresponding to each frequency band is greater than or equal to the efficiency value threshold;

[0039] According to the intersection of the first target frequency band range and the second target frequency band range, obtain the third target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna components;

[0040] According to the preset application scenario, obtain the corresponding objective function. Among them, the optimization objectives of the objective functions for different preset application scenarios are different. The independent variables of the objective function include one or more of the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio, isolation value, and power of each circular antenna component at the corresponding frequency band. The optimization objectives include: maximizing the data transmission rate, and / or minimizing the power consumption, and / or maximizing the signal stability;

[0041] According to the objective function and the preset constraint conditions, obtain the frequency band allocation model corresponding to the preset application scenario, where the preset constraint conditions are obtained based on the third target frequency band range and the preset application scenario;

[0042] Solve the frequency band allocation model according to the preset optimization algorithm to obtain the frequency band allocation scheme for each preset application scenario. Among them, the preset optimization algorithm includes one of the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and differential evolution algorithm. The frequency band allocation strategy includes the operating frequency band of each circular antenna component.

[0043] In summary, the multi - frequency resonance circularly polarized antenna array and its communication performance testing method provided by the present invention include: an antenna substrate, a plurality of circular antenna components arranged on the antenna substrate, and a plurality of radio frequency signal lines respectively connected to the corresponding circular antenna components; each of the circular antenna components includes a feeding point, a feeding line, and a radiation unit; wherein, the feeding point is located at the center of the circular antenna component, and there is an electrical connection between the feeding point and the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna component; four feeding lines extend outward from the feeding point, and the included angle between adjacent feeding lines is a right angle; one radiation unit is connected to each of the four feeding lines, and each radiation unit includes at least one radiation branch; when the circular antenna component operates in the low - frequency operating band, the first branch and the second branch in the radiation unit form a first equivalent resonance length, when the circular antenna component operates in a higher - frequency operating band, a part of the second branch close to the feeding line and the third branch in the radiation unit form a second equivalent resonance length, and when the circular antenna component operates in an even higher - frequency operating band, a part of the second branch close to the feeding line and the fourth branch in the radiation unit form a third equivalent resonance length. Since each circular antenna component contains a radiation unit, and the radiation unit has different equivalent resonance lengths under different operating bands, the radiation units in each circular antenna component resonate according to the frequency of the input electromagnetic wave, thereby supporting the functions of radiation and reception simultaneously on multiple different frequency bands. This multi - band and multi - feeding circularly polarized antenna array covers more operating bands. In addition, the number of circular antenna components and radio frequency signal lines in the antenna array can be adjusted according to needs, improving the flexibility and scalability of the antenna product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings, and all of these are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the multi - band and multi - feeding circularly polarized antenna array according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circular antenna component according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation branch according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 is an enlarged structure diagram of the radiation branch and the feeding line connected thereto according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 It is a partial enlarged view of the feeder line connected to the radiation branch of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the back layout of the circular PCB structure of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 8 It is a test diagram of the VSWR index of the first antenna assembly 710 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 9 It is a test diagram of the VSWR index of the second antenna assembly 720 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 10 It is a test diagram of the VSWR index of the third antenna assembly 730 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 11 It is a test diagram of the VSWR index of the fourth antenna assembly 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 12 It is the isolation degree (S 12 ) test diagram between the first antenna assembly 710 and the second antenna assembly 720 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 13 It is the isolation degree (S 12 ) test diagram between the first antenna assembly 710 and the third antenna assembly 730 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 14 It is the isolation degree (S 12 ) test diagram between the first antenna assembly 710 and the fourth antenna assembly 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 15 It is the isolation degree (S 12 ) test diagram between the second antenna assembly 720 and the third antenna assembly 730 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 16 It is the isolation degree (S 12 ) test diagram between the second antenna assembly 720 and the fourth antenna assembly 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 17is the isolation degree (S 12 ) test diagram between the third antenna assembly 730 and the fourth antenna assembly 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 18 is a schematic flowchart of a method for testing the communication performance of the antenna array according to the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0063] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. For the purpose of making the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and are not configured to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by showing examples of the present invention.

[0064] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, the elements defined by the statement "including..." do not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said elements.

[0065] Embodiment 1

[0066] The embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array, which can be used in various Wi-Fi products such as outdoor high-power APs (Access Points) and indoor ceiling-mounted APs. Different Wi-Fi communication standards and frequency bands (such as 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands) may be used in different application scenarios. The multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array can cover multiple frequency bands, enabling the product to adapt to different communication environments and application requirements. The Wi-Fi transmitter and receiver, through the multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array, combined with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology, can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams, thereby improving the data transmission rate and capacity, etc.

[0067] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the multi-band and multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array includes:

[0068] An antenna substrate 100, a plurality of circular antenna components 110 arranged on the antenna substrate, and a plurality of radio frequency signal lines 120 respectively connected to the corresponding circular antenna components.

[0069] The antenna substrate can play a role in providing mechanical support. The antenna substrate can be fixed to the main board or other components of the device (such as an in-ceiling AP device) through screw holes.

[0070] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate is an antenna reflector, which can be made of a metal material, such as an aluminum alloy material. As a preferred implementation, the thickness of the aluminum alloy material antenna reflector is 1.2 mm. The metal material antenna substrate can play a role in heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference shielding. It can also enhance the signal received by the antenna and reflect the emitted signal, which helps to increase the transceiver distance of the antenna, thereby improving the gain effect; through the metal material antenna reflector, the directivity of the antenna can be optimized, and the signal transmission and reception directions can be strengthened, thereby improving the transceiver performance of the antenna.

[0071] The plurality of circular antenna components can be arranged on the antenna substrate in a variety of feasible ways such as pasting, welding, embedding, etc.

[0072] In each circular antenna component 110, it includes a feeding point 111, a feeding line 112, and a radiation unit 113; wherein, the feeding point 111 is located at the center of the circular antenna component, and the feeding point 111 is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna component; four feeding lines 112 extend outward from the feeding point 111, and the included angle between adjacent feeding lines is a right angle; one radiation unit 113 is connected to each of the four feeding lines, and each radiation unit includes at least one radiation branch; at different operating frequencies, the radiation branch has different equivalent resonant lengths, and the equivalent resonant length is equal to n / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, where n is a positive integer, and in a preferred embodiment, n is 1;

[0073] For multi-band antenna design, different n values can be used to cover multiple frequency bands. The most common case is n = 1, that is, the resonant length is one-quarter wavelength. In some designs, the resonant length of the antenna can be half wavelength, and at this time n = 2.

[0074] In the above-mentioned multi-band and multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array, each circular antenna component is the basic unit of the array. In the circular antenna component, the radiation branches have different equivalent resonant lengths at different operating frequencies. Thus, the same circular antenna component can be compatible with different operating frequencies and radiate and receive signals at the selected operating frequencies. Specifically, when the circular antenna component receives the signal on the RF signal line, the frequency of the signal matches the equivalent resonant length of the radiation branch, resulting in radiation or reception. According to the above principle, different circular antenna components in the circularly polarized antenna array can operate at different frequency bands respectively according to the signals of different frequencies on their respective RF signal lines at the same time.

[0075] The circular design of the circular antenna component helps to achieve a uniform radiation pattern and wide-angle coverage.

[0076] The feeding point is located at the center of the circular antenna component and is used for feeding the central phase signal. It is the key point connecting the circular antenna component and the corresponding RF signal line. Four feed lines extend outward from the feeding point, and the angle between each feed line is a right angle. The feed lines are evenly distributed, thus generating uniform radiation in different directions. Since the angle between the feed lines is a right angle, it helps to generate circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. The characteristic of circularly polarized waves is that the directions of the electric field and the magnetic field rotate in space. This characteristic helps to reduce the influence of multipath effects and polarization mismatch and improve the performance of the communication system.

[0077] The radiation unit connected to each feed line is the core part for realizing the antenna function. Each radiation unit includes at least one radiation branch, and the radiation branches have different equivalent resonant lengths at different operating frequencies. In antenna design, the antenna oscillator (i.e., radiation unit, radiation branch, radiator, etc., with similar meanings) has a certain length. When the antenna operates at a certain frequency, the current distribution on it reaches the resonant mode, so that the antenna can effectively radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. This frequency is the resonant frequency of the antenna, and this length is the resonant length. When the length of the antenna oscillator is equal to or close to one-quarter of the wavelength of the operating frequency, the antenna can reach the resonant state, effectively convert the high-frequency current into electromagnetic waves, and radiate them into space. The radiation branches of the present invention have different equivalent resonant lengths at different operating frequencies, and each equivalent resonant length of the radiation branch is equal to 1 / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the corresponding operating frequency. For example, in the three operating frequency bands of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, 4.5 GHz to 6 GHz, and 6 GHz to 7.5 GHz, the radiation branches have corresponding equivalent resonant lengths in the corresponding operating frequency bands. For example Figure 1The first equivalent resonance length 1131, the second equivalent resonance length 1132, and the third equivalent resonance length 1133 in []. The equivalent resonance length can be 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the minimum frequency in the operating frequency band, or 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band. For example, in the operating frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the minimum frequency is 2.4 GHz and the center frequency is 2.45 GHz. The radiation branches have different equivalent resonance lengths under different operating frequency bands and can be achieved by adding resonance stubs, adding parasitic branches, length-adjustable radiators (such as a spring antenna), etc. The radiation branches of the present invention can operate in multiple sub-frequency bands within the frequency band of 2 GHz to 8 GHz, rather than being limited to the three operating frequency bands of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, 4.5 GHz to 6 GHz, and 6 GHz to 7.5 GHz, and can be any frequency band determined according to actual needs.

[0078] When the signal is transmitted to the feeding point through the RF signal line, the signal is evenly distributed to the four radiation units through four feeding lines. The radiation branches on each radiation unit resonate at the operating frequency band corresponding to the signal, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves.

[0079] The antenna array of the present invention includes several circular antenna components. By connecting independent RF signal lines to each circular antenna component, different circular antenna components can receive electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Since each circular antenna component contains radiation units and the radiation units have different equivalent resonance lengths under different operating frequency bands, the radiation units in each circular antenna component resonate according to the frequency of the input electromagnetic wave, thereby supporting the functions of radiation and reception simultaneously on multiple different frequency bands. Such a multi-band multi-fed circularly polarized antenna array covers more operating frequency bands. In addition, the number of circular antenna components and RF signal lines in the antenna array can be adjusted according to needs, improving the flexibility and scalability of the antenna product. In addition, the feeding point of each circular antenna component is located at the center of the circle, and four feeding lines extend outward from the feeding point. The angle between adjacent feeding lines is a right angle, and a radiation unit is connected to each feeding line. Each radiation unit includes at least one radiation branch. Such a structure can form a circularly polarized radiation field, which helps to reduce the multipath effect and polarization mismatch problem during signal transmission, and can provide more stable signal transmission; the radiation units are evenly distributed around the antenna component, which helps to achieve the uniform radiation characteristics of the antenna, improve the signal coverage range and reception efficiency. Due to the feeding structure of the circular antenna component and the layout of the radiation units, the antenna array can generate a relatively concentrated radiation pattern, improving the directivity of the antenna.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, each radiation element 113 includes two axially symmetric radiation branches, and the axis of symmetry is the straight line 220 where the feeder line connected to the radiation element is located. On the feeder line connected to the radiation element, the end of the feeder line far from the center of the circular antenna assembly has a U-shaped microstrip line with the straight line 220 where the feeder line is located as the axis of symmetry. The opening of the U-shaped microstrip line faces away from the center of the circle, and each end is connected to a radiation branch.

[0081] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, the radiation branch 210 includes a first stub 310 and a second stub 320. The middle of the first stub 310 is connected to one end of the second stub 320, and the other end of the second stub 320 is connected to the feeder line of the radiation element.

[0082] In some embodiments, a third stub 330 and a fourth stub 340 extend from the second stub 320. The third stub 330 takes the second stub 320 as the axis of symmetry and is located between the first stub 310 and the fourth stub 340; the fourth stub 340 takes the second stub 320 as the axis of symmetry and is located between the third stub 330 and the feeder line connected to the radiation element.

[0083] In some embodiments, the third stub 330 is a first U-shaped stub, and the opening of the first U-shaped stub faces the first stub 310; the fourth stub 340 is a second U-shaped stub, and the opening of the second U-shaped stub faces the center of the circle.

[0084] By designing stubs with different lengths and shapes in the radiation element, compatibility with different operating frequency bands can be achieved. Among them, shorter stubs can resonate in the high-frequency band, while longer stubs can resonate in the low-frequency band. As Figure 3As shown, the shape formed by the first branch 310 and the second branch 320 has a longer length. The part from the intersection of the third branch 330 and the second branch 320 to the feed line in the second branch 320 plus the third branch 330 forms a shape with a relatively shorter length. The part from the intersection of the fourth branch 340 and the second branch 320 to the feed line in the second branch 320 plus the fourth branch 340 forms a shape with an even shorter length. Since the length design of each branch matches the wavelength of electromagnetic waves at a specific frequency, at a certain specific operating frequency band, the reactance of this branch is the smallest and the current is more likely to pass through. While other unmatched branches are not in the resonant state, with a larger reactance and the current being difficult to pass through, so other branches are equivalent to an open circuit. Thus, when the circular antenna assembly operates in a low-frequency operating frequency band, such as between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz, the first branch 310 and the second branch 320 in the radiation element 113 form a first equivalent resonant length 1131. When the circular antenna assembly operates in a higher-frequency operating frequency band, such as between 4.5 GHz and 6 GHz, a part of the second branch 320 close to the feed line and the third branch 330 in the radiation element 113 form a second equivalent resonant length 1132. When the circular antenna assembly operates in an even higher-frequency operating frequency band, such as between 6 GHz and 7.5 GHz, a part of the second branch 320 close to the feed line and the fourth branch 340 in the radiation element 113 form a third equivalent resonant length 1133.

[0085] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, in the radiation branch 210 including the first branch, the second branch, the third branch, and the fourth branch, in the counterclockwise direction, the lengths of the sides from side 401 to side 402 of the radiation branch 210 are 10.5, 1, 9.1, 2.7, 14.5, 5 respectively, and the lengths of the sides from side 403 to side 404 are 1.2, 11.3, 1.2, 5, 14.5, 2.7, 9.1, 1 respectively, and the lengths of the sides from side 405 to side 406 are 10.5, 4.3, 1, 4.5, 9.6 respectively, and the lengths of the sides from side 407 to side 408 are 1, 7.6, 2.7, 10 respectively, and the lengths of the sides from side 409 to side 410 are 10, 2.7, 7.6, 1, 9.6, 4.5, 1, 4.3 respectively, with the unit being millimeter. The part where the radiation branch 210 is connected to the feed line is as Figure 5 shown, in the counterclockwise direction, the lengths of side 501, side 502, side 503, side 504, side 505, and side 506 are 0.2, 6, 2.8, 2.3, 5.5, 0.2 respectively, with the unit being millimeter.

[0086] In some embodiments, referring again to Figure 2, the circular antenna assembly includes a circular PCB structure 230. The feeding point, feeding line, and radiation unit in the circular antenna assembly are located on the front side of the circular PCB structure 230. A via hole 240 is provided at the center of the circular PCB structure 230. As Figure 6 shown, a feeding ground point 610 and a reflecting surface 620 are provided on the back side of the circular PCB structure 230. The feeding ground point 610 is electrically connected to the feeding point 120 through the via hole 240. The reflecting surface 620 is circular, and the center of the reflecting surface 620 coincides with the center of the circular PCB structure 230.

[0087] The via hole 240 can be a through hole. As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the via hole is 0.7 mm and it is a non-plated-through hole.

[0088] The distance between the feeding ground point 610 and the via hole 240 is 1 mm. The feeding ground point can be used to provide a stable grounding reference point for radio frequency signals, which helps to reduce signal interference and noise.

[0089] The material of the reflecting surface 620 can be one or more of aluminum, copper, titanium, magnesium, stainless steel, and glass fiber with a metal coating. It can be used to reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted from the radiation unit, thereby enhancing the radiation intensity of the antenna in certain directions and achieving a specific directional radiation pattern. As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the reflecting surface 620 is 24 mm.

[0090] In some embodiments, on the back side of the circular PCB structure, an exposed area of the grounding layer in the circular PCB structure is provided, and the exposed area is welded to the antenna reflector.

[0091] A grounding layer is provided in the circular PCB structure. On the back side of the circular PCB structure, as a preferred embodiment, at a distance of 40 mm from the coaxial cable at the antenna end (or the via hole 240), 3 mm of the outer jacket is peeled off to form an exposed area of the grounding layer in the circular PCB structure. The exposed area is welded to the antenna reflector made of a metal material.

[0092] By soldering the exposed area of the ground layer in the circular PCB structure to the antenna reflector made of metal material, the present invention increases the ground area of the circular PCB structure, provides a better current loop, reduces the ground impedance, makes the current distribution more uniform, reduces the influence of parasitic inductance and capacitance, and thus improves the resonant performance of the antenna; the stable ground level reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems, ensuring the signal integrity of the antenna; by soldering the exposed areas of the ground layers in multiple circular PCB structures to the antenna reflector made of metal material, the antenna reflector can serve as a common ground plane, providing a stable reference ground level for the antennas of multiple circular PCB structures, which helps to reduce signal interference between antennas and improve the stability of signal reception and transmission; soldering the ground layer to the reflector makes the input impedance and radiation pattern of the antenna remain consistent under different environments and conditions, ensuring the stability of the electrical connection, reducing the influence caused by changes in contact resistance, and avoiding performance fluctuations; the soldering connection provides a firm mechanical fixing point, preventing the antenna of the circular PCB structure from falling, shifting or being damaged due to vibration, shock or other mechanical stresses during use; the ground layer is usually also used for heat dissipation, especially in high-frequency and high-power applications. Soldering the exposed area of the ground layer in the circular PCB structure to the antenna reflector made of metal material can expand the heat dissipation area, improve the heat dissipation efficiency, and help keep the PCB and its components operating within a suitable temperature range.

[0093] In some embodiments, referring again to Figure 6 , the circular PCB structure is adhered to the antenna reflector by three flame-retardant patches 630 on the back; the three flame-retardant patches 630 surround the center of the circular PCB structure at an angle θ of 120 degrees.

[0094] The flame-retardant patch may include one or more materials such as flame-retardant silica gel, flame-retardant rubber, flame-retardant polyurethane foam, flame-retardant glass fiber, etc. As a preferred embodiment, the size of the flame-retardant silica gel is 6*6*6 mm3.

[0095] By providing three flame-retardant patches on the back of the circular PCB structure and evenly distributing them at a 120-degree angle, not only the mechanical fixity and stability are improved, but also the fire-resistant performance is enhanced, enabling the antenna product to operate more reliably and efficiently.

[0096] In some embodiments, as Figure 7As shown, the shape of the antenna substrate 100 is square, and the number of circular antenna components 110 is four, namely the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740. The four circular antenna components are arranged in a square pattern on the antenna substrate 100. As a preferred embodiment, the center distance between the first antenna component 710 and the second antenna component 720 is 80 mm, the center distance between the second antenna component 720 and the third antenna component 730 is 80 mm, the center distance between the third antenna component 730 and the fourth antenna component 740 is 80 mm, and the center distance between the fourth antenna component 740 and the first antenna component 710 is 80 mm.

[0097] As Figures 8 to 11 shown, they are respectively the VSWR index test diagrams of the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate 100. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is one of the important parameters for evaluating antenna performance. The value range of VSWR is usually between 1 and infinity. When the VSWR value is 1, it is an ideal matching situation, and all power is radiated by the antenna without reflection. Therefore, the closer the VSWR value is to 1, the better the impedance matching between the antenna and the feeder, and the smaller the reflection loss. As Figures 8 to 11 can be seen from it, the maximum VSWR value of the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 in various operating frequency bands is 1.77. When switching different operating frequency bands between 2.4 GHz and 7.12 GHz, in most cases (more than 50%), the VSWR value is between 1 and 1.3. Generally, VSWR ≤ 2 is an acceptable level, indicating good matching and small reflection loss. Therefore, when each antenna in the antenna substrate 100 of the present invention operates simultaneously, it can meet the application requirements.

[0098] As Figures 12 to 14 shown, they are respectively the isolation degree S 12 test diagrams between the first antenna component 710 and the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740. As Figures 15 to 16 shown, they are respectively the isolation degree S 12 test diagrams between the second antenna component 720 and the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740. As Figure 17 shown, it is the isolation degree S 12 test diagram between the third antenna component 730 and the fourth antenna component 740. The isolation degree S 12It is an important indicator to evaluate the mutual influence between components in an antenna system. Good isolation means less mutual interference between antenna components. It is usually expressed in decibels (dB). The smaller the value, the better the isolation. Generally, less than -20 dB is considered good isolation. When switching different operating frequency bands between 2.4 GHz and 7.12 GHz, from Figures 12 to 14 it can be seen that the isolation between the first antenna component 710 and the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 is all below -23.051 dB. From Figures 15 to 16 it can be seen that the isolation between the second antenna component 720 and the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 is all below -23.640 dB. From Figure 17 it can be seen that the isolation between the third antenna component 730 and the fourth antenna component 740 is all below -24.466 dB. Thus, it can be known that the isolation between the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate 100 meets the isolation requirements.

[0099] In the following, Table 1 to Table 4 are respectively the gain and efficiency tables of the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740. Gain represents the ratio of the radiation power of the antenna in a specific direction to the assumed omnidirectional radiation power, usually expressed in dB. The higher the gain, the stronger the radiation ability of the antenna in a specific direction. Generally, the antenna gain range requirement for wireless access points such as routers is between 2 dB and 9 dB. Efficiency reflects what proportion of the RF power input to the antenna is effectively radiated. The higher the efficiency, the more effectively the antenna can convert the input power into electromagnetic wave radiation. Antennas of wireless access points such as routers usually need to find a balance between volume and performance. Generally, the efficiency range requirement is between 40% and 70%. It can be seen from Table 1 to Table 4 that the bandwidths of the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 in the circularly polarized antenna array cover 2 GHz to 8 GHz, and are compatible with WIFI 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz, WIFI 5150 MHz to 5850 MHz, WIFI 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz. Therefore, it is compatible with the frequency bands of NR, WIFI6, and WIFI7, and the gain and efficiency of each antenna component in the antenna array are high within the frequency band, and can all meet the application requirements.

[0100] Therefore, this antenna array has a wide operating bandwidth, good isolation, and characteristics such as a long signal transmission distance, strong signal penetration, low attenuation, and low delay.

[0101] Generally, for an antenna based on multi - frequency and multi - feeding, in order to have better isolation, an isolation structure or circuit needs to be set or the clearance area needs to be increased, which greatly increases the area of the antenna clearance area within the device product. As a result, the area occupied by the antenna is greatly increased. The complex layout increases the difficulty and cost of designing the antenna, and the layout will change greatly with the shape, type, etc. of the antenna, and the applicability of the layout scheme is low. In the multi - band and multi - feed circularly polarized antenna array of the embodiments of the present invention, by setting a plurality of circular antenna components, in each circular antenna component, the feeding point is placed at the center of the circle and multiple feeding lines and multiple radiation units extend outward. The radiation branches of the radiation units have different equivalent resonance lengths. The circularly polarized antenna array can achieve multi - band and circularly polarized radiation in a relatively small space. The layout structure is simple, compact, occupies a small space and has high isolation, making the antenna easier to be integrated into various communication devices and systems, saving internal space for the product and being beneficial to reducing the product cost.

[0102] Table 1 Gain and efficiency table of the first antenna component 710

[0103]

[0104] Table 2 Gain and efficiency table of the second antenna component 720

[0105]

[0106] Table 3 Gain and efficiency table of the third antenna component 730

[0107]

[0108] Table 4 Gain and efficiency table of the fourth antenna component 740

[0109]

[0110] Embodiment 2

[0111] Based on the multi - band and multi - feed circularly polarized antenna array of Embodiment 1, the embodiments of the present invention further provide a communication performance test method based on the antenna array. The antenna array is the antenna array described in Embodiment 1. Refer to Figure 18 , the method includes:

[0112] S1. Perform a standing - wave ratio test on each of the circular antenna components to obtain the standing - wave ratio test result of each circular antenna component;

[0113] Specifically, the standing wave ratio test is used to evaluate the matching degree of the antenna. The closer the standing wave ratio is to 1, the better the matching between the antenna and the feeder. Connect a vector network analyzer or a standing wave ratio tester to the antenna assembly, set the frequency band range to be tested, measure the standing wave ratio values of each antenna assembly at different frequency bands one by one, record the standing wave ratio test results of each antenna assembly at each frequency band, and form a standing wave ratio curve.

[0114] S2. Conduct isolation tests on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain the isolation test results of the antenna array;

[0115] Specifically, the isolation test is used to evaluate the degree of mutual interference between different antenna assemblies. High isolation indicates less interference between antennas and purer signals. Measure the S-parameters (S 12 or S 21 ) of two antenna assemblies at each frequency band, where S 12 represents the isolation from antenna 1 to antenna 2, record the isolation test results between each antenna assembly at different frequency bands, and form an isolation matrix.

[0116] S3. Conduct gain and efficiency tests on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain the gain and efficiency test results of each circular antenna assembly;

[0117] Specifically, the gain and efficiency tests are used to evaluate the radiation performance of the antenna. High gain indicates good concentration of antenna energy, and high efficiency indicates that the antenna can effectively convert the input power into radiation energy. Connect the antenna to an antenna test system, such as near-field or far-field test equipment in an anechoic chamber, and set the frequency band range to be tested.

[0118] S4. When the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, determine the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results.

[0119] Specifically, first set the preset thresholds for the standing wave ratio, isolation, gain, and efficiency. The standing wave ratio is an index to measure the matching degree between the antenna and the transmission line. The closer the value is to 1, the better the matching. Generally, a VSWR less than 2:1, that is, a reflection coefficient less than or equal to 0.333 can meet the commercial antenna system. For high-performance or high-requirement communication systems, the threshold of the standing wave ratio can be set to less than or equal to 1.5:1;

[0120] Isolation represents the degree of mutual interference between antennas. The higher the value, the less interference. For a general communication system, the isolation threshold can be set to 20 dB. For a multi-antenna system such as a MIMO system, the isolation threshold can be set to 30 dB; Gain represents the radiation ability of the antenna in a certain direction. The higher the value, the better the radiation concentration. For indoor antennas, the gain threshold can be set to 5 dBi, and for outdoor base station antennas, it can be set to 10 dBi; Efficiency represents the ability of the antenna to convert input power into radiation power. The higher the value, the better the efficiency. The efficiency threshold of general commercial antennas can be set to 50%, and for antenna systems with high-efficiency requirements, it can be set to 70%. Different application scenarios have different requirements for various performance parameters. When setting the preset threshold, specific application requirements should be combined, and relevant industry standards or technical specifications should be referred to to ensure that the preset threshold meets industry requirements.

[0121] Compare the test results of the standing wave ratio, isolation, gain, and efficiency of each antenna component with the preset threshold to determine whether each antenna component meets all the preset communication performance requirements; if so, determine the optimal operating frequency band of each antenna component according to the test results, and then assign the target operating frequency band and priority to each antenna component to ensure the best performance of the overall antenna array at different frequency bands.

[0122] Preferably, when the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, determine the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna component according to the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results, including:

[0123] S41. Obtain the voltage standing wave ratio values of each circular antenna component in the corresponding coverage frequency band range according to the standing wave ratio test result;

[0124] S42. Compare the voltage standing wave ratio values with the standing wave ratio threshold to obtain a first comparison result;

[0125] Specifically, according to the standing wave ratio results of each circular antenna component, obtain the VSWR values at different frequency bands. Compare the VSWR values of each frequency band obtained in step S41 with the preset VSWR threshold. The VSWR threshold is usually set based on antenna design requirements and communication system performance standards. For example, the threshold can be set to 1.5:1 or 2:1. The comparison result (the first comparison result) will be used to determine whether the antenna is qualified in each frequency band.

[0126] S43. Obtain the isolation values between each pair of circular antenna components in the antenna array in the corresponding coverage frequency band range according to the isolation test result;

[0127] S44. Compare each of the isolation values with an isolation threshold to obtain a second comparison result;

[0128] Based on the isolation test results of each circular antenna assembly, obtain the isolation values at different frequency bands.

[0129] Compare the isolation values obtained in step S43 with a pre-set isolation threshold. The isolation threshold is usually set as the lowest interference level that meets the system requirements, such as 20 dB or 30 dB. The comparison result (the second comparison result) will be used to determine whether the isolation between the antennas is qualified.

[0130] S45. Based on the gain and efficiency test results, obtain the gain values and efficiency values of each of the circular antenna assemblies within the corresponding coverage frequency band range;

[0131] S46. Compare each of the gain values and the corresponding efficiency values with a gain value threshold and an efficiency value threshold to obtain a third comparison result;

[0132] Compare the gain values and efficiency values obtained in step S45 with pre-set gain and efficiency thresholds. The gain threshold and the efficiency threshold are usually set based on the antenna design objectives and the communication system requirements. For example, the gain threshold is 8 dBi and the efficiency threshold is 60%. The comparison result (the third comparison result) will be used to determine whether the gain and efficiency of the antenna are qualified.

[0133] S47. Based on the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result, determine whether the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified;

[0134] Specifically, by synthesizing the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result, determine whether the overall communication performance of the antenna array meets the preset standard. If all parameters are within the preset threshold range, the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified.

[0135] S48. If it is unqualified, adjust the layout design of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, and / or the second comparison result, and / or the third comparison result, where the layout design includes the positions of each of the circular antenna assemblies and the physical dimensions and shapes of each of the circular antenna assemblies;

[0136] Specifically, if the communication performance is unqualified, adjust the design of the antenna array according to the specific comparison results. This may include repositioning the antenna components, adjusting the physical size and shape of the antennas to optimize matching, isolation, gain, and efficiency. By way of example and not limitation, for an antenna component with an unqualified standing wave ratio, it is necessary to redesign the matching network or adjust the antenna structure. For an antenna component with unqualified gain and efficiency, it is necessary to optimize the antenna design or adjust the materials. For an antenna component with unqualified isolation, it is necessary to increase shielding or adjust the antenna spacing.

[0137] S49. If it is qualified, obtain several frequency band allocation strategies for the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result;

[0138] Specifically, according to the above three comparison results, the performance of each antenna component at different frequency bands can be comprehensively determined, so as to perform reasonable frequency band allocation. This can ensure that each antenna component operates within its optimal operating frequency band, improve the performance of the overall communication system, avoid conflicts and interference between frequency bands, and improve the stability and reliability of the system. In a multi-band, multi-antenna system, a reasonable frequency band allocation strategy can improve the spectrum utilization rate, ensure the coordinated operation between different frequency bands, maximize the communication capacity and data transmission rate of the system, improve the flexibility of the system, and meet the requirements of different application scenarios.

[0139] In one embodiment, the first frequency band range where the VSWR meets the threshold requirements can be determined according to the VSWR values of each circular antenna component at different frequency bands, the second frequency band range where the isolation meets the threshold requirements can be determined according to the isolation values between each circular antenna component, and the third frequency band range where the gain and efficiency meet the threshold requirements can be determined according to the gain and efficiency values of each circular antenna component at different frequency bands;

[0140] According to the comprehensive target frequency band range and combined with the actual application requirements, determine the frequency band allocation strategy for each circular antenna component to ensure that each antenna component operates within its optimal performance frequency band. By this method, it can be ensured that each component of the antenna array achieves the best communication performance in actual applications, improve the performance and stability of the overall system, and thus meet the complex requirements of multi-band, multi-antenna systems.

[0141] Preferably, the step of obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies for the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result when it is qualified includes:

[0142] S491. According to the first comparison result, obtain the first target frequency band range of each circular antenna component, where the covered frequency band range includes the first target frequency band range, and the voltage standing wave ratio corresponding to each frequency band in the first target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the standing wave ratio threshold;

[0143] In this step, by comparing the voltage standing wave ratio test results with the preset standing wave ratio threshold, the first target frequency band range of each antenna assembly is determined.

[0144] S482. Obtain the second target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna assemblies according to the third comparison result, where the coverage frequency band range includes the second target frequency band range, and the gain values corresponding to the frequency bands in the second target frequency band range are all greater than or equal to the gain value threshold and the efficiency values corresponding to the frequency bands are all greater than or equal to the efficiency value threshold;

[0145] In this step, by comparing the gain and efficiency test results with the preset gain value threshold and efficiency value threshold, the second target frequency band range of each antenna assembly is determined.

[0146] S483. Obtain the third target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna assemblies according to the intersection of the first target frequency band range and the second target frequency band range;

[0147] Specifically, the third target frequency band range represents the frequency bands of each circular antenna assembly that simultaneously meet the requirements of voltage standing wave ratio, gain, and efficiency within its coverage frequency band range. In other words, the third target frequency band range is the optimal operating frequency band range after comprehensively considering various aspects of antenna performance (standing wave ratio, gain, and efficiency).

[0148] S484. Obtain the corresponding objective function according to the preset application scenario, where the optimization objectives of the objective functions for different preset application scenarios are different, and the independent variables of the objective function include one or more of the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio value, isolation value, and power of each of the circular antenna assemblies at the corresponding frequency bands, and the optimization objectives include: maximizing the data transmission rate, and / or minimizing the power consumption, and / or maximizing the signal stability;

[0149] Specifically, in this step, based on the requirements of different application scenarios, the corresponding objective functions are defined so as to clarify the specific objectives to be optimized during the optimization process. These objective functions use the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio value, isolation value, and power of each antenna assembly at the corresponding frequency bands as independent variables, and set the optimization objectives according to the specific application scenario, such as maximizing the data transmission rate, minimizing the power consumption, or maximizing the signal stability;

[0150] By way of example and not limitation, when the preset application scenario is a scenario with high data rate requirements, the independent variables of the objective function include gain, bandwidth, standing wave ratio, and isolation, to increase the gain to increase the data transmission distance, cover as wide a bandwidth as possible to support a higher data rate, keep the standing wave ratio below the specified threshold to ensure signal matching, and ensure high isolation between antennas to reduce interference.

[0151] When the preset application scenario is a scenario with low power consumption requirements, the objective function aims to minimize power consumption. At this time, the independent variables of the objective function include efficiency, antenna power, gain, and isolation in different frequency bands. The optimization objectives are to improve efficiency to reduce energy consumption; low operating power to reduce overall power consumption; appropriate gain to ensure effective communication even under low power consumption; and ensure high isolation between antennas to reduce interference.

[0152] When the preset application scenario is a scenario with high stability requirements, the objective function aims to maintain a low standing wave ratio to ensure signal matching and stability; appropriate gain to ensure signal strength; high isolation to reduce interference and ensure signal stability; and appropriate bandwidth to ensure communication within a stable frequency range. Each parameter in the objective function is adjusted according to actual requirements.

[0153] S485. According to the objective function and the preset constraint conditions, obtain a frequency band allocation model corresponding to the preset application scenario, where the preset constraint conditions are obtained based on the third target frequency band range and the preset application scenario.

[0154] In this step, by integrating the objective function and the constraint conditions, a frequency band allocation model is constructed. The preset constraint conditions are based on the third target frequency band range and the specific application scenario, and these constraint conditions ensure the feasibility and superiority of the frequency band allocation scheme in practical applications. The setting of the constraint conditions ensures the feasibility of the frequency band allocation model in the optimization process. First, the constraint conditions include that the operating frequency bands of each circular antenna component are within the corresponding third target frequency band range, and different thresholds can be set for different application scenarios.

[0155] S486. Solve the frequency band allocation model according to the preset optimization algorithm to obtain a frequency band allocation scheme for each preset application scenario, where the preset optimization algorithm includes one of a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and a differential evolution algorithm, and the frequency band allocation strategy includes the operating frequency band of each circular antenna component.

[0156] Finally, solve the frequency band allocation model through a preset optimization algorithm, such as a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, or a differential evolution algorithm, to obtain an optimal frequency band allocation scheme.

[0157] Preferably, the preset optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The frequency band allocation of the antenna array involves multiple independent variables. To avoid local optimal solutions and find the global optimal solution, multiple parameters such as gain, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio, isolation, and power need to be considered simultaneously. The design of the antenna array has high nonlinearity and complexity, and the algorithm needs to have the ability to handle complex constraints and multimodal optimization problems. Based on the above requirements, the genetic algorithm can effectively explore the search space, avoid local optima, and handle nonlinear and multimodal optimization problems through selection, crossover, and mutation operations, and is suitable for complex antenna array designs.

[0158] Particle swarm optimization can effectively explore the search space through information sharing and self-adjustment among individuals. It is simple to implement, has high computational efficiency, is suitable for scenarios that require rapid optimization, and performs excellently in dealing with continuous optimization problems and can quickly find solutions close to the optimal one.

[0159] In a specific embodiment, in order to find the best solution in complex antenna array optimization problems, a genetic algorithm is used. At the same time, particle swarm optimization can be combined for hybrid optimization to utilize the advantages of both algorithms. Use the genetic algorithm to generate an initial population to ensure the diversity of solutions. Use the objective function to calculate the fitness value of each individual, select excellent individuals according to the fitness value for crossover and mutation operations to generate a new population. Use the new population generated by the genetic algorithm as the initial particle swarm, and use the particle swarm optimization algorithm for optimization to update the velocity and position of the particles to find a better solution. Iterate the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm multiple times, continuously update the values of the independent variables, and gradually approach the optimal value of the objective function. When the iteration reaches the preset termination condition, the preset termination condition can be reaching the preset number of iterations or the result converging. Finally, output the optimal solution, that is, the best combination of each independent variable. Through this hybrid optimization scheme, the advantages of the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization can be fully utilized to find the global optimal solution in complex antenna array optimization problems.

[0160] S410. Determine the communication configuration parameters of each of the circular antenna components according to the frequency band combination strategy.

[0161] Finally, according to the frequency band combination strategy, determine the specific communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna component, including the target operating frequency band and the gain, efficiency, voltage standing wave ratio, etc. of each antenna component in the target operating frequency band, to ensure that each component operates within its optimal frequency band range and achieves the best communication performance.

[0162] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0163] In addition, it should be noted that, among the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, they can be combined in any appropriate manner without conflict. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not separately describe various possible combination methods.

[0164] In addition, any combination can be made among various different embodiments of the present disclosure, as long as it does not violate the idea of the present disclosure, and it should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized antenna array with multi-frequency resonance, characterized in that, The antenna array includes: An antenna substrate, a plurality of circular antenna components arranged on the antenna substrate, and a plurality of radio frequency signal lines respectively connected to the corresponding circular antenna components; In each of the circular antenna components: It includes a feeding point, a feeding line, and a radiation unit; wherein, the feeding point is located at the center of the circle of the circular antenna component, and there is an electrical connection between the feeding point and the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna component; four feeding lines extend outward from the feeding point, and the included angle between adjacent feeding lines is a right angle; one radiation unit is connected to each of the four feeding lines, and each radiation unit includes at least one radiation branch; When the circular antenna component operates in the low-frequency operating band, the first branch and the second branch in the radiation unit form a first equivalent resonance length. When the circular antenna component operates in a higher-frequency operating band, a part of the second branch close to the feeding line and the third branch in the radiation unit form a second equivalent resonance length. When the circular antenna component operates in an even higher-frequency operating band, a part of the second branch close to the feeding line and the fourth branch in the radiation unit form a third equivalent resonance length; The radiation branch includes a first branch and a second branch, the middle of the first branch is connected to one end of the second branch, and the other end of the second branch is connected to the feeding line of the radiation unit; From the second branch, a third branch and a fourth branch extend. The third branch is a first U-shaped branch, the third branch is symmetric about the second branch, is located between the first branch and the fourth branch, and the opening faces the first branch; the fourth branch is a second U-shaped branch, the fourth branch is symmetric about the second branch, is located between the third branch and the feeding line connected to the radiation unit, and the opening faces the center of the circle.

2. The circularly polarized antenna array with multi-frequency resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that By adding resonant branches, adding parasitic branches, and using a length-adjustable radiator, the radiation branch has different equivalent resonance lengths in different operating bands; the equivalent resonance length is 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the minimum frequency in the operating band, or the equivalent resonance length is 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating band.

3. The multi-frequency resonance circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The circular antenna component includes a circular PCB structure. The feeding point, the feeding line, and the radiation unit in the circular antenna component are located on the front of the circular PCB structure. A via hole is provided at the center of the circle of the circular PCB structure. A feeding ground point and a reflecting surface are provided on the back of the circular PCB structure. The feeding ground point is electrically connected to the feeding point through the via hole. The reflecting surface is circular, and the center of the reflecting surface coincides with the center of the circle of the circular PCB structure. The antenna substrate is an antenna reflector. On the back of the circular PCB structure, there is an exposed area of the ground layer in the circular PCB structure, and the exposed area is welded to the antenna reflector. The circular PCB structure is pasted to the antenna reflector through three flame-retardant patches on the back, and the three flame-retardant patches surround the center of the circle of the circular PCB structure at an included angle of 120 degrees.

4. The multi-frequency resonant circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The flame-retardant patch includes one or more materials among flame-retardant silica gel, flame-retardant rubber, flame-retardant polyurethane foam, and flame-retardant glass fiber, and the size of the flame-retardant silica gel is 6*6*6mm3.

5. A method for testing the communication performance of an antenna array, characterized in that, The antenna array is the antenna array described in any one of claims 1-4, and the method includes: Performing a standing wave ratio test on each of the circular antenna components to obtain the standing wave ratio test result of each circular antenna component; Performing an isolation test on each of the circular antenna components to obtain the isolation test result of the antenna array; Performing a gain and efficiency test on each of the circular antenna components to obtain the gain and efficiency test results of each circular antenna component; Setting preset thresholds for the standing wave ratio, isolation, gain, and efficiency, where the standing wave ratio threshold is less than 2:1, the isolation threshold is set to 20db or 30db, the gain threshold is set to 5dBi or 10dBi, and the efficiency threshold is set to 50% or 70%; Comparing the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results with the preset thresholds to determine whether the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements; When the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, determine the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna component according to the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results.

6. The communication performance testing method according to claim 5, wherein, When the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, determining the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna component according to the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test results includes: According to the standing wave ratio test result, obtain the voltage standing wave ratio values of each circular antenna component in the corresponding coverage frequency band range; Compare each of the voltage standing wave ratio values with the standing wave ratio threshold to obtain a first comparison result; According to the isolation test result, obtain the isolation values between every two of the circular antenna components in the antenna array in the corresponding coverage frequency band range; Compare each of the isolation values with the isolation threshold to obtain a second comparison result; According to the gain and efficiency test results, obtain the gain values and efficiency values of each circular antenna component in the corresponding coverage frequency band range; Compare each of the gain values and the corresponding efficiency values with the gain value threshold and the efficiency value threshold to obtain a third comparison result; Judge whether the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result; If not qualified, adjust the layout design of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, and / or, the second comparison result, and / or, the third comparison result, where the layout design includes the positions of each circular antenna component and the physical dimensions and shapes of each circular antenna component; If qualified, obtain several frequency band allocation strategies for the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result; Determine the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna component according to the frequency band combination strategy.

7. The communication performance test method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of, if qualified, obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies for the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result includes: According to the first comparison result, obtain the first target frequency band range of each circular antenna component, where the covered frequency band range includes the first target frequency band range, and the voltage standing wave ratio corresponding to each frequency band in the first target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the standing wave ratio threshold; According to the third comparison result, obtain the second target frequency band range of each circular antenna component, where the covered frequency band range includes the second target frequency band range, and the gain value corresponding to each frequency band in the second target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the gain value threshold and the efficiency value corresponding to each frequency band is greater than or equal to the efficiency value threshold; Obtain the third target frequency band range of each circular antenna component according to the intersection of the first target frequency band range and the second target frequency band range; According to the preset application scenario, obtain the corresponding objective function, where the optimization objectives of the objective functions for different preset application scenarios are different, and the independent variables of the objective function include one or more of the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio, isolation value, and power of each circular antenna component at the corresponding frequency band, and the optimization objectives include: maximizing the data transmission rate, and / or, minimizing the power consumption, and / or, maximizing the signal stability; According to the objective function and the preset constraint conditions, obtain the frequency band allocation model corresponding to the preset application scenario, where the preset constraint conditions are obtained based on the third target frequency band range and the preset application scenario; Solve the frequency band allocation model according to the preset optimization algorithm to obtain the frequency band allocation scheme for each preset application scenario, where the preset optimization algorithm includes one of a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and a differential evolution algorithm, and the frequency band allocation strategy includes the operating frequency band of each circular antenna component.

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