Compressed air energy storage cold, heat, electricity and gas multi-combined supply system and energy storage and supply method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a compressed air energy storage cold, heat and electricity multi-combined supply system and an energy storage and supply method thereof, the system comprises an energy storage unit, an energy release unit, a heat supply unit and a cold and steam supply unit, when the energy storage unit works, cold water of the heat supply unit is used for providing cold energy, and air is compressed into an oil and gas reservoir gas storage; meanwhile, hot water is provided for the heat supply unit, and the hot water returns to the cold water tank after supplying heat outwards in the radiator; when the energy release unit works, heat of high-temperature heat conduction oil of the cold and steam supply unit is used for outputting electric power outwards, and meanwhile low-temperature heat conduction oil returns to the low-temperature oil tank and is heated by the heat supply device to enter the high-temperature oil tank. Part of the high-temperature heat-conducting oil enters the oil-water heat exchanger to provide water vapor to the outside; meanwhile, heat is provided for the lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine, and finally the lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine supplies cold outwards; requirements of oil fields on cold, heat and electricity can be met, and comprehensive and efficient utilization of energy is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and in particular relates to a compressed air energy storage cold, heat and electricity multi-generation system and an energy storage and energy supply method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country is actively promoting the construction of renewable energy. According to the National Energy Administration, renewable energy has become a new force in ensuring power supply, with total installed capacity reaching 1.45 billion kilowatts this year, accounting for the first time in the country's total installed capacity and exceeding thermal power installed capacity. However, renewable energy power generation is characterized by intermittency, volatility and randomness. In order to solve these problems of new energy, energy storage technology has begun to develop rapidly.

[0003] Compressed air energy storage is a large-scale energy storage technology that has been commercially applied. Its principle is: when storing energy, it compresses air to a high-pressure state by utilizing new energy or surplus electricity from the power grid, and stores it in large storage tanks or underground caves for sealing. When releasing energy, it outputs the high-pressure gas into an expander to generate electricity and do work. It realizes the conversion of electrical energy-heat energy and pressure energy-electrical energy, and realizes the storage and management of electrical energy.

[0004] There is no existing compressed air energy storage project in oil and gas reservoirs. The energy demand during oil field operation is diverse, and conventional compressed air energy storage is difficult to meet the energy needs of oil fields. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to at least one of the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compressed air energy storage, heating, cooling and electricity multi-generation system and its energy storage and supply methods, which can meet the oil field's demand for heating, cooling and electricity and achieve comprehensive and efficient energy utilization.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A compressed air energy storage combined cooling, heating and electricity system, comprising:

[0008] The energy storage unit comprises a compressor unit, an interstage cooler and an oil and gas reservoir gas storage reservoir; the compressors of the compressor unit are connected by the interstage cooler, and the final stage cooler in the interstage cooler is connected to the oil and gas reservoir gas storage reservoir;

[0009] The energy release unit comprises an expander group and an interstage heater; the expanders of the expander group are connected by the interstage heater, and the expander is used to drive the generator to generate electricity;

[0010] The heating unit comprises a cold water tank, a hot water tank and a radiator; the cold water tank is used to store cold water, and its outlet is connected to the interstage cooler; the final stage cooler is connected to the hot water tank, the hot water tank is used to store hot water delivered from the interstage cooler, and the hot water is used to supply heat to the outside; the outlet of the hot water tank is connected to the radiator, and the outlet of the radiator is connected to the cold water tank;

[0011] A cooling and steam supply unit comprises a low-temperature oil tank, a high-temperature oil tank, a heater, an oil-water heat exchanger and a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator; the low-temperature oil tank is used to store low-temperature heat-conducting oil, and its outlet is connected to the heater, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the high-temperature oil tank; the high-temperature oil tank is used to store high-temperature heat-conducting oil, and its outlet is connected to two lines, one of which is connected to the interstage heater, and the other is connected to the oil-water heat exchanger, the oil-water heat exchanger is used to provide water vapor to the outside and provide heat energy to the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator, and the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator is used to supply cooling to the outside; both lines are connected to the low-temperature oil tank.

[0012] Preferably, the heating unit comprises a cold water pump connected between the outlet of the cold water tank and the interstage cooler.

[0013] Preferably, the compressor unit includes a first-stage compressor and a second-stage compressor, and the interstage cooler includes a first-stage cooler and a second-stage cooler; the first-stage cooler is connected between the first-stage compressor and the second-stage compressor, and connected between the cold water tank and the hot water tank; the second-stage cooler is connected between the second-stage compressor and the oil and gas reservoir, and connected between the hot water tank and the cold water pump.

[0014] Preferably, the heating unit comprises a hot water pump connected between the outlet of the hot water tank and the radiator.

[0015] Preferably, the cooling and steam supply unit comprises a low-temperature oil pump, and the low-temperature oil pump is connected between the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank and the heater.

[0016] Preferably, the expansion machine group includes a first-stage expander and a second-stage expander, and the interstage heater includes a first-stage heater and a second-stage heater, the first-stage heater is connected between the first-stage expander and the oil and gas reservoir gas storage, and connected between the high-temperature oil pump and the low-temperature oil tank; the second-stage heater is connected between the first-stage expander and the second-stage expander, and connected between the high-temperature oil pump and the low-temperature oil tank.

[0017] Preferably, the cooling and steam supply unit comprises a high-temperature oil pump, and the high-temperature oil pump is connected between the outlet of the high-temperature oil tank and the interstage heater.

[0018] Preferably, the heater includes an auxiliary heater and a solar collector, the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank is connected to the auxiliary heater and the solar collector, the auxiliary heater and the solar collector are connected in parallel, and both outlets are connected to the high-temperature oil tank.

[0019] A method for storing energy in a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity power generation system, based on any one of the above-mentioned compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity power generation systems, comprises the following steps:

[0020] When photovoltaic and wind energy are sufficient during the day, the compressed air energy storage combined heating and cooling electricity system enters the energy storage stage;

[0021] The compressor unit is operated so that air enters the compressed air energy storage cold and heat electric multi-generation system, is cooled in the interstage cooler, and then enters the oil reservoir gas storage;

[0022] The heat supply unit delivers the cold water in the cold water tank to the interstage cooler through a cold water pump, and the cold water after heat exchange enters the hot water tank for storage;

[0023] When solar energy is sufficient, the cooling and steam supply unit inputs the low-temperature heat transfer oil in the low-temperature oil tank into the heater through the low-temperature oil pump, so that the low-temperature heat transfer oil is input into the high-temperature oil tank for storage.

[0024] A method for supplying energy to a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity power generation system, based on any one of the above-mentioned compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity power generation systems, comprises the following steps:

[0025] During the peak period of electricity and heat consumption in the evening, the compressed air energy storage cold and heat electricity multi-generation system enters the energy release period;

[0026] High-pressure air is input from the oil reservoir gas storage into the interstage heater for heating, and expanded in the expansion unit for power generation;

[0027] The hot water in the hot water tank of the heating unit flows through the radiator and supplies heat to the outside, and the heated water enters the cold water tank through the hot water pump;

[0028] The cooling and steam supply unit flows a part of the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the high-temperature oil tank to the oil-water heat exchanger, supplies water vapor to the outside, and supplies heat to the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator at the same time;

[0029] The lithium bromide absorption refrigerator is used to supply cold air to the outside, and another part of the high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the interstage heater through a high-temperature oil pump to provide energy. Finally, both routes of the high-temperature heat transfer oil are returned to the low-temperature oil tank.

[0030] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages:

[0031] 1. The compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity supply system and its energy storage and supply method provided by the present invention integrate the traditional combined heat and cold electricity supply system with the compressed air energy storage and heat storage system based on the laws of thermodynamics and the principle of cascade utilization of energy, propose a new compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity supply system for oil field application scenarios, and establish a thermodynamic model of the new multi-stage linkage system. It can avoid the system's dependence on traditional fossil fuels on the basis of ensuring that the composite energy system has a strong working capacity and fully meets the needs of multiple loads, thereby achieving full utilization of energy by the composite energy system without pollutant emissions.

[0032] 2. The compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity system and its energy storage and supply method provided by the present invention can realize the consumption of new energy electricity, convert it into compressed air for storage, solve the problem of insufficient consumption of new energy, and reduce the probability of "abandonment of wind" and "abandonment of solar power" in some areas; in view of the energy needs of oil fields and the defects of traditional single-function compressed air energy storage systems that are difficult to meet oil field application scenarios, it realizes the comprehensive co-production of combined heat and cold electricity, greatly improves the utilization rate of energy, and achieves higher energy utilization efficiency; it can effectively reduce the consumption of fossil energy in oil fields, efficiently utilize clean energy, and play a demonstration role; its In view of the current situation that conventional compressed air energy storage is difficult to meet the diverse energy needs in the operation of oil fields at the same time, the compressed air energy storage technology is adopted, which not only realizes the storage and release of electric energy, but also realizes the combined supply of heat, cold and electricity through the integrated heat and cold supply function, so that the system can more flexibly meet the diversified energy needs in oil field scenarios and meet the oil field's needs for heat, cold and electricity and other energy; realize comprehensive and efficient utilization of energy, and can adapt to harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure and high humidity; through the integrated heat and cold supply function, the system can further recycle and utilize energy, reduce energy consumption and costs, and has guiding significance for engineering practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a compressed air energy storage combined heating, cooling and electricity system provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of an energy storage method for a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity power generation system provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of an energy supply method of a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity power generation system provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Markings in the accompanying drawings:

[0037] 1. First-stage compressor, 2. First-stage cooler, 3. Second-stage compressor, 4. Second-stage cooler, 5. Oil and gas reservoir, 6. First-stage heater, 7. First-stage expander, 8. Second-stage heater, 9. Second-stage expander, 10. Hot water tank, 11. Hot water pump, 12. Cold water tank, 13. Cold water pump, 14. Low-temperature oil tank, 15. Low-temperature oil pump, 16. Auxiliary heater, 17. Solar collector, 18. High-temperature oil tank, 19. High-temperature oil pump, 20. Radiator, 21. Oil-water heat exchanger, 22. Lithium bromide absorption refrigerator, 23. Generator, 24. Photovoltaic power generation equipment, 25. Electric motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the system or component referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. The direction of the arrow in the figure represents the direction of liquid flow.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "assembly", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] The present invention provides a compressed air energy storage combined cooling, heating and electricity supply system and its energy storage and supply method. Based on the laws of thermodynamics and the principle of cascade utilization of energy, the traditional combined cooling, heating and electricity supply system is integrated with the compressed air energy storage and heat storage system at the same time, and a new compressed air energy storage combined cooling, heating and electricity supply system for oil field application scenarios is proposed. At the same time, a thermodynamic model of the new multi-stage linkage system is established; it can meet the oil field's demand for cooling, heating and electricity and realize comprehensive and efficient energy utilization.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 The compressed air energy storage cold and heat electric multi-generation system provided in this embodiment includes an energy storage unit, an energy release unit, a heating unit and a cold and steam supply unit. The energy storage unit includes a compressor unit, an interstage cooler and an oil and gas reservoir gas storage reservoir 5; the compressors of the compressor unit are connected by an interstage cooler, and the final cooler in the interstage cooler is connected to the oil and gas reservoir gas storage reservoir 5; the energy release unit includes an expansion unit and an interstage heater; the expanders of the expansion unit are connected by an interstage heater, and the expander is used to drive the generator 23 to generate electricity; the heating unit includes a cold water tank 12, a hot water tank 10 and a radiator 20; the cold water tank 12 is used to store cold water, and its outlet is connected to the interstage cooler; the final cooler is connected to the hot water tank 10, and the hot water tank 10 is used to store the cold water delivered from the interstage cooler. Hot water, hot water is used to supply heat to the outside; the outlet of the hot water tank 10 is connected to the radiator 20, and the outlet of the radiator 20 is connected to the cold water tank 12; the cooling and steam supply unit includes a low-temperature oil tank 14, a high-temperature oil tank 18, a heater, an oil-water heat exchanger 21 and a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 22; the low-temperature oil tank 14 is used to store low-temperature heat-conducting oil, and its outlet is connected to the heater, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the high-temperature oil tank 18; the high-temperature oil tank 18 is used to store high-temperature heat-conducting oil, and its outlet is connected to two lines, one of which is connected to the interstage heater, and the other is connected to the oil-water heat exchanger 21, the oil-water heat exchanger 21 is used to provide water vapor to the outside and provide heat energy to the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 22, and the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 22 is used to supply cold to the outside; both lines are connected to the low-temperature oil tank 14.

[0045] In the compressed air energy storage cold and heat electric multi-generation system of this embodiment, the new energy power drives the compressor unit to work, and the final expander and outlet air in the expansion unit are emptied. When the energy storage unit is working, the cold water of the heating unit is used to provide cold capacity, and the air is compressed and enters the oil and gas reservoir gas storage tank 5; at the same time, hot water is provided to the heating unit, and the hot water is returned to the cold water tank 12 after being heated to the outside in the radiator 20; when the energy release unit is working, the heat of the high-temperature heat transfer oil of the cold and steam supply unit is used to output electricity to the outside, and at the same time, the low-temperature heat transfer oil returns to the low-temperature oil tank 14, and enters the high-temperature oil tank 18 after being heated under the heater; part of the high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the oil-water heat exchanger 21 to provide water vapor to the outside; at the same time, heat is provided to the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 22, and finally the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 22 provides cold to the outside.

[0046] Specifically, the heating unit includes a cold water pump 13, and the cold water pump 13 is connected between the outlet of the cold water tank 12 and the interstage cooler.

[0047] The compressor unit includes a first-stage compressor 1 and a second-stage compressor 3, and the interstage cooler includes a first-stage cooler 2 and a second-stage cooler 4; the first-stage cooler 2 is connected between the first-stage compressor 1 and the second-stage compressor 3, and is connected between the cold water tank 12 and the hot water tank 10; the second-stage cooler 4 is connected between the second-stage compressor 3 and the oil and gas reservoir 5, and is connected between the hot water tank 10 and the cold water pump 13.

[0048] Specifically, the heating unit includes a hot water pump 11 , which is connected between an outlet of the hot water tank 10 and the radiator 20 .

[0049] Specifically, the cooling and steam supply unit includes a low-temperature oil pump 15 , which is connected between the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank 14 and the heater.

[0050] The expansion unit includes a first-stage expansion machine 7 and a second-stage expansion machine 9, and the interstage heater includes a first-stage heater 6 and a second-stage heater 8. The first-stage heater 6 is connected between the first-stage expansion machine 7 and the oil and gas reservoir 5, and is connected between the high-temperature oil pump 19 and the low-temperature oil tank 14; the second-stage heater 8 is connected between the first-stage expansion machine 7 and the second-stage expansion machine 9, and is connected between the high-temperature oil pump 19 and the low-temperature oil tank 14.

[0051] Specifically, the cooling and steam supply unit includes a high-temperature oil pump 19 , which is connected between the outlet of the high-temperature oil tank 18 and the interstage heater.

[0052] Specifically, the heater includes an auxiliary heater 16 and a solar collector 17 . The outlet of the low-temperature oil tank 14 is connected to the auxiliary heater 16 and the solar collector 17 . The auxiliary heater 16 and the solar collector 17 are connected in parallel, and both outlets are connected to the high-temperature oil tank 18 .

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides an energy storage method for a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity multi-generation system, which is implemented based on the compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity multi-generation system as in Example 1, and includes the following steps:

[0055] Step S11, when photovoltaic and wind energy are sufficient during the day, the compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity supply system enters the energy storage stage; the compressor unit is operated so that air enters the compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity supply system, is cooled in the interstage cooler, and then enters the oil reservoir gas storage reservoir 5;

[0056] Step S12, the heating unit delivers cold water in the cold water tank 12 to the interstage cooler through the cold water pump 13, and the cold water after heat exchange enters the hot water tank 10 for storage;

[0057] Step S13: When the solar energy is sufficient, the cooling and steam supply unit inputs the low-temperature heat transfer oil in the low-temperature oil tank 14 into the heater through the low-temperature oil pump 15, so that the low-temperature heat transfer oil is input into the high-temperature oil tank 18 for storage.

[0058] Among them, the first-stage compressor 1 and the second-stage compressor 3 can be driven to start working by electricity from new energy sources such as photovoltaics or wind energy. For example, the motor 25 and the first-stage compressor 1 are connected in sequence through photovoltaic power generation equipment 24 or wind power generation equipment, and the air enters the compressed air energy storage cold and heat electrical multi-generation system, and is cooled in the first interstage cooler 2 and the second interstage cooler 4, and finally enters the oil reservoir gas storage reservoir 5; the heating unit will continuously transport the cold water in the cold water tank 12 to the interstage cooler through the cold water pump 13 at this stage, and the cold water after heat exchange enters the hot water tank 10 for storage; when the solar energy is sufficient, the cooling and steam supply unit will transport the low-temperature heat transfer oil in the low-temperature oil tank 14 through the low-temperature oil pump 15, and it will become high-temperature heat transfer oil under the action of the solar collector 17 or the auxiliary heater 16, and enter the high-temperature oil tank 18 for storage.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 This embodiment provides an energy supply method for a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity system, which is implemented based on the compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity system of embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:

[0061] Step S21, during the peak period of electricity and heat consumption in the evening, the compressed air energy storage cold and heat electricity multi-generation system enters the energy release period; high-pressure air is input from the oil reservoir gas storage reservoir 5 to the interstage heater for heating, and expanded in the expansion unit for power generation;

[0062] Step S22, the hot water in the hot water tank 10 of the heating unit flows through the radiator 20 and supplies heat to the outside, and the heated water enters the cold water tank 12 through the hot water pump 11;

[0063] Step S23, the cooling and steam supply unit flows a part of the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the high-temperature oil tank 18 to the oil-water heat exchanger 21, supplies water vapor to the outside, and supplies heat to the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 22 at the same time;

[0064] Step S24, supply cooling to the outside through the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator 22, and another part of the high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the interstage heater through the high-temperature oil pump 19 to provide energy, and finally both high-temperature heat transfer oils are returned to the low-temperature oil tank 14.

[0065] Among them, the high-pressure air leaves the oil reservoir gas storage 5, enters the first-stage heater 6 and the second-stage heater 8 for continuous heating, and continuously expands in the first-stage expander 7 and the second-stage expander 9 to complete power generation; at this stage, the hot water in the hot water tank 10 of the heating unit flows through the radiator 20 to continuously supply heat to the outside, and the heated water finally enters the cold water tank through the hot water pump 11. The oil-water heat exchanger 21 can supply heat or steam to the outside.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage combined heating and cooling electricity system, characterized in that: include: An energy storage unit comprises a compressor unit, an interstage cooler and an oil and gas reservoir gas storage reservoir (5); the compressors of the compressor unit are connected by the interstage cooler, and the final stage cooler in the interstage cooler is connected to the oil and gas reservoir gas storage reservoir (5); The energy release unit comprises an expansion unit and an interstage heater; the expanders of the expansion unit are connected by the interstage heater, and the expanders are used to drive the generator (23) to generate electricity; A heating unit comprises a cold water tank (12), a hot water tank (10) and a radiator (20); the cold water tank (12) is used to store cold water, and its outlet is connected to the interstage cooler; the final stage cooler is connected to the hot water tank (10), the hot water tank (10) is used to store hot water delivered from the interstage cooler, and the hot water is used to supply heat externally; the outlet of the hot water tank (10) is connected to the radiator (20), and the outlet of the radiator (20) is connected to the cold water tank (12); A cooling and steam supply unit comprises a low-temperature oil tank (14), a high-temperature oil tank (18), a heater, an oil-water heat exchanger (21) and a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (22); the low-temperature oil tank (14) is used to store low-temperature heat-conducting oil, and its outlet is connected to the heater, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the high-temperature oil tank (18); the high-temperature oil tank (18) is used to store high-temperature heat-conducting oil, and its outlet is connected to two lines, one of which is connected to the interstage heater and the other is connected to the oil-water heat exchanger (21); the oil-water heat exchanger (21) is used to provide water vapor to the outside and provide heat energy to the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (22); the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (22) is used to supply cooling to the outside; both lines are connected to the low-temperature oil tank (14).

2. The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating unit comprises a cold water pump (13), and the cold water pump (13) is connected between the outlet of the cold water tank (12) and the interstage cooler.

3. The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The compressor unit comprises a first-stage compressor (1) and a second-stage compressor (3), and the interstage cooler comprises a first-stage cooler (2) and a second-stage cooler (4); the first-stage cooler (2) is connected between the first-stage compressor (1) and the second-stage compressor (3), and is connected between the cold water tank (12) and the hot water tank (10); the second-stage cooler (4) is connected between the second-stage compressor (3) and the oil and gas reservoir gas storage (5), and is connected between the hot water tank (10) and the cold water pump (13).

4. The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating unit comprises a hot water pump (11), and the hot water pump (11) is connected between the outlet of the hot water tank (10) and the radiator (20).

5. The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cooling and steam supply unit comprises a low-temperature oil pump (15), and the low-temperature oil pump (15) is connected between the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank (14) and the heater.

6. The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The expansion machine group comprises a first-stage expansion machine (7) and a second-stage expansion machine (9); the interstage heater comprises a first-stage heater (6) and a second-stage heater (8); the first-stage heater (6) is connected between the first-stage expansion machine (7) and the oil and gas reservoir gas storage (5), and is connected between the high-temperature oil pump (19) and the low-temperature oil tank (14); the second-stage heater (8) is connected between the first-stage expansion machine (7) and the second-stage expansion machine (9), and is connected between the high-temperature oil pump (19) and the low-temperature oil tank (14).

7. The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cooling and steam supply unit comprises a high-temperature oil pump (19), and the high-temperature oil pump (19) is connected between the outlet of the high-temperature oil tank (18) and the interstage heater.

8. The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The heater comprises an auxiliary heater (16) and a solar collector (17); the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank (14) is connected to the auxiliary heater (16) and the solar collector (17); the auxiliary heater (16) and the solar collector (17) are connected in parallel, and both outlets are connected to the high-temperature oil tank (18).

9. A method for storing energy in a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity system, characterized in that: The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, comprising the following steps: When photovoltaic and wind energy are sufficient during the day, the compressed air energy storage combined heating and cooling electricity system enters the energy storage stage; The compressor unit is operated so that air enters the compressed air energy storage cold and heat electric multi-generation system, is cooled in the interstage cooler, and then enters the oil reservoir gas storage (5); The heat supply unit delivers the cold water in the cold water tank (12) to the interstage cooler via a cold water pump (13), and the cold water after heat exchange enters the hot water tank (10) for storage; When solar energy is sufficient, the cooling and steam supply unit inputs the low-temperature heat transfer oil in the low-temperature oil tank (14) into the heater through the low-temperature oil pump (15), so that the low-temperature heat transfer oil is input into the high-temperature oil tank (18) for storage.

10. A method for supplying energy to a compressed air energy storage combined heat and cold electricity system, characterized in that: The compressed air energy storage cooling, heating and electricity multi-generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, comprising the following steps: During the peak period of electricity and heat consumption in the evening, the compressed air energy storage cold and heat electricity multi-generation system enters the energy release period; High-pressure air is input from the oil reservoir gas storage (5) into the interstage heater for heating, and expanded in the expansion unit to generate electricity; The hot water in the hot water tank (10) of the heating unit flows through the radiator (20) and supplies heat to the outside, and the heated water enters the cold water tank (12) through the hot water pump (11); The cooling and steam supply unit directs a portion of the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the high-temperature oil tank (18) to the oil-water heat exchanger (21), supplies water vapor to the outside, and simultaneously supplies heat to the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (22); The lithium bromide absorption refrigerator (22) supplies cold air to the outside, and another portion of the high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the interstage heater through a high-temperature oil pump (19) to provide energy. Finally, both paths of the high-temperature heat transfer oil are returned to the low-temperature oil tank (14).

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