3D printing teaching model and method for maxillary sinus bone increment surgery training

Abstract

The invention relates to a 3D printing teaching model and method for maxillary sinus bone increment surgery training, and relates to the technical field of clinical medices.The 3D printing teaching model comprises an anatomical structure model, the anatomical structure model covers left and right maxillary bones, cheekbones and maxillary sinus opening anatomical structures, and the anatomical structure model is provided with a maxillary bone orbital bottom area of a windowing structure; a silica gel layer is arranged on the inner wall of the maxillary sinus, and the rear portion of the maxillary bone is connected with the connecting rod through a fixator to be fixed to the operation table. The windowing structure allows the inner wall of the maxillary sinus to be glued or sprayed through direct operation, and the maxillary sinus bone increment and the operation effect can be observed in real time through the windowing at the orbital bottom. Through innovative design, simulation, functionality and operability are integrated, and a more real and efficient teaching tool is provided for medical students and young doctors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of clinical medicine, and particularly to a head model for oral surgery training and teaching, specifically a dedicated 3D printing teaching model used in the teaching process of oral maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery. Background Art

[0002] Maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery is a common and complex operation in oral implantology. Especially when there is insufficient bone mass at the bottom of the maxillary sinus, it poses high requirements for medical students' anatomical cognition and operating skills. In actual clinical operations, maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery requires doctors to have precise anatomical knowledge and proficient operating skills to avoid intraoperative complications such as maxillary sinus membrane perforation and bleeding. However, existing teaching models have many deficiencies in terms of simulation degree and operating experience, and are difficult to meet the teaching needs.

[0003] Firstly, existing teaching models have obvious defects in the reduction of the maxillary sinus anatomical structure. Many models cannot accurately simulate the true shape and proportion of the maxillary sinus and its surrounding anatomical structures, resulting in students having difficulty obtaining an experience similar to actual surgery during the operation. This inaccuracy of the anatomical structure makes it difficult for students to form an accurate spatial concept during the learning process, affecting the understanding and mastery of the anatomical structure.

[0004] Secondly, existing models also have deficiencies in the tactile simulation of key tissues. The maxillary sinus membrane is a key structure in the operation, and its texture and elasticity are crucial for the operation. However, existing models often cannot truly reproduce the tactile sensation of the maxillary sinus membrane, resulting in students having difficulty perceiving the elasticity and structural characteristics of the membrane during the operation. This deficiency in tactile simulation makes it difficult for students to master the interaction between surgical instruments and tissues during actual operations, increasing the risk of intraoperative complications.

[0005] In addition, existing teaching models also have obvious defects in the realism of the operating experience. Many models cannot provide an operating environment and feedback similar to actual surgery, resulting in students having difficulty obtaining a real surgical experience during the operation. This unreality of the operating experience makes it difficult for students to form accurate operating skills and a sense of touch during the learning process, affecting the improvement of surgical skills.

[0006] In summary, existing teaching models have significant deficiencies in the reduction of the maxillary sinus anatomical structure, the tactile simulation of key tissues, and the realism of the operating experience, and are difficult to meet the high requirements of maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery teaching. Therefore, developing a teaching model that can highly restore the maxillary sinus anatomical structure, accurately simulate the tactile sensation of the maxillary sinus membrane, and provide a realistic operating experience is of great significance for improving teaching effectiveness and cultivating medical students' actual clinical capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a 3D printed model dedicated to the teaching of oral maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery, so as to solve the deficiencies of existing teaching models in terms of the reduction of the maxillary sinus anatomical structure, the tactile simulation of key tissues, and the realism of the operation experience. Through innovative design, the present invention integrates simulation, functionality, and operability, providing a more realistic and efficient teaching tool for medical students and young doctors.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention provides a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training, including an anatomical structure model. The anatomical structure model covers the left and right maxillae, zygomatic bones, and the anatomical structure of the maxillary sinus opening. The anatomical structure model is provided with an orbital floor area of the maxilla with a fenestration structure. A silicone layer is provided on the inner wall of the maxillary sinus. The rear part of the maxilla is connected to a connecting rod through a fixator to be fixed on an operating table. The fenestration structure allows the inner wall of the maxillary sinus to be coated or sprayed with glue through direct operation, and the maxillary sinus bone augmentation and operation effect can be observed in real time through the fenestration at the orbital bottom.

[0009] Preferably, the material used for the anatomical structure model is photoinitiated polyurethane acrylate resin, with a hardness range of 50 - 150 shore D, a density range of 1.01 - 2.0 g / cm3, a tensile strength range of 15 - 50 MPa, and a tensile modulus range of 1000 - 3000 MPa·a.

[0010] Preferably, the silicone layer uses room temperature vulcanized silicone and is evenly coated or sprayed on the inner wall of the maxillary sinus through the fenestration structure at the orbital bottom.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the silicone layer is controlled between 0.2 - 2 mm, and the silicone layer adheres to the anatomical structure model through van der Waals forces and mechanical interlocking.

[0012] Preferably, the operating temperature of the silicone layer is -60 - 250 °C, the elongation at break is 100% - 200%, the peel strength is 0.01 - 0.20 N / mm, and the tensile elastic modulus is 1 - 100 MPa.

[0013] Preferably, the material of the anatomical structure model has a hardness of 88 shore D, a density of 1.01 - 1.15 g / cm3, a tensile strength of 35 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 2300 MPa·a.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention also provides a manufacturing method of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training, including the following steps:

[0015] Using high-precision 3D printing technology, with photo-initiated polyurethane acrylate resin as the material, the maxillary sinus and its surrounding anatomical structures are accurately modeled and printed to obtain a model of the maxilla and its surrounding anatomical structures;

[0016] Design and fabricate the fenestration structure in the orbital floor area of the maxilla;

[0017] Through the orbital floor fenestration, the inner wall of the maxillary sinus is coated or sprayed with silicone;

[0018] Install the fixator at the posterior part of the maxilla and connect the fixator to the connecting rod.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the silicone coating or spraying is controlled to ensure the uniformity of the coating and the realism of the simulation.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention also provides an operation method for a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery, including the following steps:

[0021] Fix the teaching model to the operating table through the fixator and the connecting rod;

[0022] Use an ultrasonic bone scalpel or a diamond bur to perform a bony fenestration on the anterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus to expose the maxillary sinus membrane;

[0023] Dissect the maxillary sinus membrane from the bone wall through the maxillary sinus lifting instrument;

[0024] Implant a substitute material into the maxillary sinus;

[0025] Observe the bone grafting condition of the maxillary sinus membrane through the orbital floor fenestration, and observe the integrity of the maxillary sinus membrane and its changes during the operation in real time.

[0026] Preferably, the maxillary sinus bone augmentation and operation effect can be observed in real time through the orbital floor fenestration to facilitate timely adjustment of the surgical operation.

[0027] In summary, the present invention includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] To improve the teaching effect, the present invention innovatively designs a 3D printed teaching model dedicated to maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training. This model pays special attention to the maxillary sinus membrane, a key structure in the surgery.

[0029] By coating a specially designed silicone on the inner wall of the maxillary sinus, the model successfully simulates the texture and feel of the maxillary sinus membrane. This silicone is highly similar to the real sinus membrane in terms of thickness and elasticity, and can truly reproduce the touch required during the operation, helping students clearly perceive the elasticity and structural characteristics of the membrane during the operation.

[0030] In addition, the model adopts a unique orbital floor fenestration design for the glue injection operation, without damaging the anterior lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, thus maintaining the integrity of the surgical area. Through the orbital floor fenestration, students can observe the integrity of the maxillary sinus membrane and its changes during the operation in real time, providing excellent visual support for teaching.

[0031] This design is beneficial for doctors to master the anatomical structure and surgical techniques and prevent possible complications. By using this model, doctors can not only improve the accuracy and safety of the operation, but also significantly enhance their practical clinical capabilities. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 Front view of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 Top view of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 Axonometric view of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 Rear view of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of step 1 of the operation method of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of step 2 of the operation method of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of step 3 of the operation method of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of step 4 of the operation method of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of step 5 of the operation method of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the fixator and connecting rod of a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1. 3D printed orbital floor fenestration; 2. 3D printed maxilla; 3. Silicone simulated maxillary sinus; 4. Simulated maxillary sinus opening; 5. Retaining screw connected to the fixator; 6. Fixator; 7. Connecting rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] The embodiments of the present invention disclose a 3D printing teaching model and method for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training.

[0045] Process of 3D printing: In the 3D printing process of the present invention, high-precision 3D printing technology is adopted, and a photoinitiating polyurethane acrylate resin with excellent mechanical stability is selected as the base material (hardness: 50 - 150 shore D; density: 1.01 - 2.0 g / cm3; tensile strength: 15 - 50 MPa; tensile modulus: 1000 - 3000 MPa). In this embodiment, the hardness is preferably 88 shore D, the density is 1.01 - 1.15 g / cm3, the tensile strength is 35 MPa, and the tensile modulus is 2300 MPa. With these parameters, accurate modeling and printing of the maxillary sinus and its surrounding anatomical structures are carried out, ensuring the mechanical properties and stability of the model. During the printing process, the model aims to simulate the true proportion and anatomical shape of the patient's skull, and the printing range covers relevant anatomical structures such as the left and right maxillae, zygomatic bones, and maxillary sinus openings. During the printing process, the layer thickness and the detail accuracy of the microstructures are strictly controlled to ensure the structural integrity and operation simulation of the model, thereby truly restoring the surgical environment and providing a reliable model support for surgical drills.

[0046] Orbital floor fenestration design: In the model design, the orbital floor area of the maxilla is designed as a fenestrated structure. This design allows for direct operation to apply glue or spray glue on the inner wall of the maxillary sinus. At the same time, through the fenestration at the orbital bottom, the bone augmentation of the maxillary sinus and the operation effect can be observed in real time. This helps students and clinicians intuitively understand the operation progress during teaching or surgical drills, improving the teaching interactivity and learning efficiency.

[0047] Silicone coating treatment: After 3D printing is completed, through the orbital floor fenestration, the inner wall of the maxillary sinus is coated or sprayed with silicone. The silicone used is a room temperature vulcanizing silicone with high elasticity and tear resistance. The operating temperature range is -60 to 250 °C. Its texture and thickness are designed to be close to the real maxillary sinus membrane, and the elongation at break is 100% - 200%. The spraying method is to evenly coat or spray through the orbital floor fenestration, and the thickness is controlled between 0.2 and 2 mm to ensure the coating uniformity and simulation realism. The silicone coating adheres to the 3D printed model through van der Waals forces and mechanical interlocking. The peeling force is 0.01 - 0.20 N / mm, and the tensile elastic modulus is 1 - 100 MPa. After silicone spraying, it can provide a near-real touch, simulate the tactile feedback in actual surgery, and enhance the operation experience. During the clinical simulation operation, the internal situation of the maxillary sinus membrane and the bone augmentation effect can also be observed through the orbital floor fenestration.

[0048] Installation of the fixator 6: To improve the stability of the model during teaching or actual operation, the fixator 6 is installed at the posterior part of the maxilla. The fixator 6 is connected to the connecting rod 7 and can keep the model stable at different positions and angles. The head phantom model is fixed to the operating table through the fixator 6 and the connecting rod 7, providing a stable support platform for surgical drills.

[0049] The operation method of the present invention is as follows:

[0050] 1. The head phantom model is fixed to the operating table through the fixator 6 and the connecting rod 7.

[0051] 2. Use an ultrasonic bone knife or a diamond bur to perform a bony fenestration on the anterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus to expose the maxillary sinus membrane.

[0052] 3. Dissect the maxillary sinus membrane from the bone wall through a maxillary sinus lifting instrument.

[0053] 4. Implant a substitute material into the maxillary sinus.

[0054] 5. Observe the bone grafting situation of the maxillary sinus membrane through the orbital floor fenestration, and the integrity of the maxillary sinus membrane and its changes during the operation can be observed in real time.

[0055] The present invention provides a 3D printed teaching model specifically for the teaching of oral maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery, successfully solving the problem of insufficient simulation degree of existing teaching models. By highly restoring the maxillary sinus anatomical structure and precisely simulating the texture and elasticity of the maxillary sinus membrane, this model has significant advantages in terms of simulation, functionality, and operation experience. The innovatively designed orbital floor fenestration structure not only protects the integrity of the anterior lateral wall of the maxillary sinus but also provides good visual teaching conditions, significantly improving the effect of operation training. This model can help medical students and young doctors master the anatomical characteristics and operation skills of maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery, effectively prevent possible complications, and thus improve their clinical practice ability. The present invention has a wide range of application prospects, can provide important support for the teaching and training of oral implantology, and has high popularization value.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training, characterized in that: The invention comprises an anatomical structure model, wherein the anatomical structure model covers the anatomical structures of the left and right maxillae, the zygomatic bones and the maxillary sinus opening, wherein the anatomical structure model is provided with a maxillary orbital floor area with a window structure, the inner wall of the maxillary sinus is provided with a silicone layer, and the rear part of the maxilla is connected to a connecting rod (7) via a fixator (6) to be fixed to an operating table; the window structure allows the inner wall of the maxillary sinus to be coated with glue or sprayed with glue by direct operation, and the maxillary sinus bone increment and the operation effect can be observed in real time through the window at the bottom of the orbit.

2. A 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material used for the anatomical structure model is a light-initiated polyurethane acrylic resin, with a hardness range of 50-150 shore D, a density range of 1.01-2.0 g / cm3, a tensile strength range of 15-50 MPa, and a tensile modulus range of 1000-3000 MPaa.

3. A 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to claim 2, characterized in that: The silicone layer is made of room temperature vulcanized silicone and is evenly coated or sprayed on the inner wall of the maxillary sinus through the window structure of the orbital floor.

4. A 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the silicone layer is controlled between 0.2-2 mm, and the silicone layer is adhered to the anatomical structure model through van der Waals force and mechanical interlocking.

5. A 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to claim 4, characterized in that: The use temperature of the silicone layer is -60 to 250° C., the tear elongation is 100% to 200%, the peeling strength is 0.01 to 0.20 N / mm, and the tensile elastic modulus is 1 to 100 MPa.

6. A 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to claim 5, characterized in that: The material used for the anatomical structure model has a hardness of 88 shore D, a density of 1.01-1.15 g / cm3, a tensile strength of 35 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 2300 MPaa.

7. A method for making a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Using high-precision 3D printing technology and light-induced polyurethane acrylic resin as the material, the maxillary sinus and its surrounding anatomical structures are accurately modeled and printed to obtain a model of the maxillary bone and its surrounding anatomical structures; Designing and manufacturing the window structure in the orbital floor area of ​​the maxillary bone; The inner wall of the maxillary sinus is coated or sprayed with silicone through a window in the orbital floor; The fixator (6) is installed on the rear part of the maxillary bone, and the fixator (6) is connected to the connecting rod (7).

8. The method for making a 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of silicone coating or spraying is controlled between 0.2 and 2 mm to ensure coating uniformity and simulation realism.

9. A method for operating the 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Fixing the teaching model on the operating table through the fixing device (6) and the connecting rod (7); Use an ultrasonic bone knife or a diamond car to perform a bone window on the anterior and lateral wall of the maxillary sinus to expose the maxillary sinus membrane; The maxillary sinus membrane is peeled off the bone wall by the maxillary sinus lifting instrument; implanting a replacement material in the maxillary sinus; The bone grafting condition of the maxillary sinus membrane is observed through the orbital floor window, and the integrity of the maxillary sinus membrane and its changes during the operation are observed in real time.

10. The method for operating the 3D printed teaching model for maxillary sinus bone augmentation surgery training according to claim 9, characterized in that: The maxillary sinus bone augmentation and the effect of the operation can be observed in real time through the orbital floor window, so that the surgical operation can be adjusted in time.

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