Self-cooling strong-wave-resistance high-energy-capture offshore wind-light-wave combined power generation device

Abstract

The invention provides a self-cooling strong-wave-resistance high-energy-capture offshore wind-light-wave combined power generation device, and belongs to the technical field of combined power generation devices, and the self-cooling strong-wave-resistance high-energy-capture offshore wind-light-wave combined power generation device comprises an offshore wind power generation device, a wave energy power generation device and an offshore light energy power generation device; a single-pile foundation of the offshore wind power generation device is buried below a seabed and vertically penetrates through the surface of seawater, and an offshore wind power generation unit and a tower drum are fixed to the single-pile foundation. The wave energy power generation device is an oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device which does heaving motion along a single-pile foundation under the action of waves, a main body is of an annular cylindrical structure, a sliding device is arranged between an inner ring and the single-pile foundation, a connecting column is arranged on the lower portion to be connected with a bottom plate, two arc-shaped airflow pipelines are arranged on the upper portion, and openings of the pipelines horizontally face a photovoltaic panel; the offshore light energy power generation device is provided with an angle adjusting mechanism, and the limitation that a traditional power generation device adopts a single offshore wind energy, wave energy or light energy power generation mode is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of combined power generation devices, and in particular, relates to an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of rapid global economic development, energy demand is growing exponentially. Traditional fossil energy not only has limited reserves and faces the dilemma of depletion, but also releases a large amount of pollutants during mining, transportation and use, leading to environmental problems such as global warming and acid rain. These problems have prompted countries around the world to actively explore and vigorously develop clean energy in order to achieve energy structure optimization and sustainable development goals. Wind energy, wave energy and light energy, as typical representatives of clean energy, have huge development potential in the vast ocean.

[0003] From the perspective of offshore wind energy, the open ocean surface and low friction make offshore wind energy resources abundant and stable, and its average wind speed is usually 20%-40% higher than that on land, which means that offshore wind turbines can capture more wind energy and generate greater power. At present, offshore wind power monopile foundation has become the most widely used foundation form due to its simple structure and convenient construction. However, the application of monopile foundation in complex marine environment also faces many challenges. For example, when the combined effects of wave loads, current loads, etc. borne by a single pile exceed its bearing capacity, it may cause the foundation to overturn, directly threatening the safe and stable operation of the entire power generation system.

[0004] Wave energy comes from the ups and downs of waves on the ocean surface, and is essentially a form of solar energy conversion in the ocean. In places where wind energy is dense, wave energy is often also strong, and there is a certain temporal and spatial synergy between the two. If the wave energy power generation device is combined with the offshore wind power monopile foundation, the special structure and working principle of the wave energy conversion device can be used to effectively absorb the energy of the waves, thereby reducing the hydrodynamic force on the monopile foundation, while also achieving comprehensive utilization of energy and efficient use of space.

[0005] In terms of light energy utilization, offshore photovoltaic power generation has unique advantages. The vast ocean has sufficient light resources, and photovoltaic power generation technology has become relatively mature after years of development. However, offshore photovoltaic power generation also faces many severe challenges. Among them, overtopping and high temperature are key factors affecting its safety and efficiency. Under severe sea conditions, the wave height and speed are large. When the waves hit the supporting structure of the photovoltaic panel, overtopping will occur. This will not only cause direct physical impact on the photovoltaic panel, which may cause damage to the photovoltaic panel, but also form a water film on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, affecting the transmittance of light, thereby reducing the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0006] In addition, the sensitivity of photovoltaic power generation to temperature cannot be ignored. According to the principles of semiconductor physics, the electrical properties of semiconductor materials in photovoltaic modules will change with temperature. When the temperature rises, the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module will decrease, and the short-circuit current will increase slightly, but the overall power generation efficiency will decrease. In the offshore environment, the heat exchange between direct sunlight and seawater makes it easy for the temperature of photovoltaic modules to rise, especially in the high temperature period of summer, the module temperature can reach 60℃-70℃, which has a more significant impact on the power generation efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to take effective cooling measures. In summary, a single offshore wind, wave or solar power generation method has its own limitations. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a self-cooling, highly wave-resistant, and high-energy-capturing offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device, which solves the limitations of traditional power generation devices that use a single offshore wind energy, wave energy, or solar energy power generation method and improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0008] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0009] The present invention provides an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture, which comprises: an offshore wind power generation device, a wave power generation device and an offshore solar power generation device;

[0010] Offshore wind turbine generator set, tower and monopile foundation; the monopile foundation is buried under the seabed and vertically penetrates the sea surface. The offshore wind turbine generator set includes blades, hub and nacelle; the offshore wind turbine generator set and tower are fixed on the monopile foundation;

[0011] The wave energy power generation device is an oscillating water column wave energy power generation device that performs heaving motion along a monopile foundation under the action of waves, and comprises a side wall, a top, an air hole, an arc-shaped airflow duct, an air turbine, an inner wall, a connecting column, a sliding device and a bottom plate. The main body is an annular cylindrical structure, a sliding device is provided between the inner ring and the monopile foundation, a connecting column is provided at the bottom to connect to the bottom plate, and two arc-shaped airflow ducts are provided at the top, and the openings of the arc-shaped airflow ducts are horizontally facing the photovoltaic panel;

[0012] The offshore photovoltaic power generation device is fixed on the top of the wave power generation device in the form of an array, including photovoltaic panels, a bracket body, connecting components, an angle adjustment mechanism and a protective coating. The photovoltaic panels face the direction of direct sunlight and are equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, the self-cooling, strong wave-resistance and high energy-capturing offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device of the present invention can also be improved as follows:

[0014] Wherein, the blades adopt wind blade airfoil, the blades are gradually twisted from the root to the tip, and the blades are mounted on the hub and distributed radially;

[0015] The hub connects the blades and the nacelle, transmits the blade rotation torque and balances the blade rotation;

[0016] The nacelle is located at the top of the tower, and contains a generator, a gearbox and a control system. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, the gearbox adjusts the speed, and the control system monitors and regulates the unit operating parameters in real time;

[0017] The tower is vertically erected on a monopile foundation to support the entire unit;

[0018] The monopile foundation is buried under the seabed and penetrates the sea surface. The monopile foundation adopts vertical steel pipe piles and is implanted into the seabed through a piling process.

[0019] Offshore wind turbine blades are made of lightweight and high-strength composite materials and are designed based on aerodynamic principles. They can efficiently capture wind energy under different wind speed conditions. The specific materials of offshore wind turbine blades include:

[0020] Reinforcement materials: such as carbon fiber (CFRP) or glass fiber (GFRP), have the characteristics of high strength, high modulus and low density, and can withstand large wind loads.

[0021] Matrix material: Such as epoxy or polyester resin, used to bond the reinforcement material and provide good fatigue and corrosion resistance.

[0022] Core materials: such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam or balsa wood, are used to fill the interior of the blade to reduce weight and increase structural rigidity.

[0023] Description of the shape of the wind blade airfoil:

[0024] Leading edge: Smoothly rounded with a large radius to reduce airflow separation.

[0025] Upper surface: Gradually curved from front to back, with maximum thickness at 30%-40% of the chord length.

[0026] Lower surface: relatively flat, with maximum thickness at 10%-20% of the chord length.

[0027] Trailing edge: Sharp and slightly curved downwards to optimize airflow.

[0028] The tower is made of high-strength steel.

[0029] Steel type: Q345B or Q420B high-strength low-alloy steel, with excellent compression, bending and wind resistance37.

[0030] Surface treatment: hot-dip galvanizing or spraying anti-corrosion coating to improve corrosion resistance.

[0031] Further, the side wall is the main body of the annular cylindrical structure;

[0032] The top is a circular flat plate, which is used to close the upper part of the side wall and together with the side wall form an air chamber;

[0033] The air hole is opened at the top, connecting the air chamber and the arc-shaped air flow duct;

[0034] The arc-shaped airflow duct is located on both sides of the top, connecting the air hole and the air turbine, with the outlet facing the photovoltaic panel and the air turbine inside;

[0035] The air turbine is installed in the arc-shaped airflow duct to convert the kinetic energy of the airflow into mechanical energy;

[0036] The inner wall is located inside the annular cylindrical structure, close to the monopile foundation, and has a sliding device between the inner wall and the monopile foundation;

[0037] The connecting columns are evenly distributed between the side wall and the bottom plate;

[0038] The sliding device is located between the inner wall and the monopile foundation, and is specifically a sliding bearing;

[0039] The bottom plate is a horizontal circular flat plate, located at the bottom of the device and in direct contact with seawater.

[0040] The side walls are made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant materials, including:

[0041] Matrix material: Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) or carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), with high strength, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance;

[0042] Surface coating: polyurethane coating or fluorocarbon coating to further improve corrosion resistance and UV resistance.

[0043] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panels are mounted on the support body and arranged in an array;

[0044] The support body is welded to the top of the wave energy power generation device;

[0045] The connecting component is used to fix the photovoltaic panel on the bracket body;

[0046] The angle adjustment mechanism is installed between the bracket body and the photovoltaic panel, and is used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time according to the change of the position of the sun;

[0047] The protective coating covers the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0048] Photovoltaic panels are made of high-efficiency crystalline silicon or thin film materials, and the bracket body is made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant metal materials, including: aluminum alloy: such as 6061-T6, which is light, high-strength and corrosion-resistant; stainless steel: such as 316L, which is suitable for high-salinity marine environments and has excellent corrosion resistance.

[0049] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes: a sun position sensor, a controller, a drive motor and a mechanical transmission device;

[0050] The sun position sensor is installed on the top or around the photovoltaic panel bracket;

[0051] A controller, installed inside the bracket body, receives the sensor signal and calculates the adjustment angle;

[0052] A driving motor, installed between the support body and the photovoltaic panel, for receiving instructions from the controller and driving the mechanical transmission device;

[0053] A mechanical transmission device connects the driving motor and the photovoltaic panel to convert the rotational motion of the motor into an angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel.

[0054] The solar position sensor adopts a high-precision dual-axis solar tracking sensor, and specific models include: SSOC-D60 solar position sensor, Solar MEMS ISS series solar radiation sensor; the drive motor is a waterproof motor with high torque and low speed characteristics and adapted to the marine environment, and specific models include: Siemens 1FT7, ABB M3BP; the mechanical transmission device adopts a worm gear drive or a rack and pinion drive structure; among them, the following are specific model examples: Bonfiglioli W series worm gear reducer, Nord SK series rack and pinion transmission device.

[0055] Furthermore, the solar position sensor detects the azimuth and altitude of the sun in real time through a photosensitive element and an angle measuring device, and converts this information into electrical signals for output.

[0056] Furthermore, the controller has a built-in sun track tracking algorithm, which combines the local longitude and latitude, date, time information, and the sun position data collected by the sensor in real time to calculate the angle value that the photovoltaic panel currently needs to adjust.

[0057] Furthermore, the combined power generation device includes a self-cooling system, which is used to cool the heat-generating components in the offshore wind power generation device, the wave power generation device and the offshore solar power generation device through seawater circulation or air flow, so as to maintain the stable operation of the combined power generation device in a high temperature environment.

[0058] Seawater circulation cooling: Seawater circulation pipes and seawater pumps are set inside the device. The seawater pump is used to introduce seawater into the seawater circulation pipe. The seawater flows through the heat-generating components (heat-generating components include generators, gear boxes, etc.), absorbs heat and is discharged; the heat is transferred to the seawater through the heat exchanger to achieve cooling.

[0059] Air flow cooling: Ventilation holes are set on the cabin and photovoltaic panel bracket to use natural wind or fans for forced ventilation. The air flows through the heat-generating components, takes away the heat and is discharged

[0060] Furthermore, the solar track tracking algorithm for adjusting the photovoltaic panel angle includes the following steps:

[0061] 1. Input data:

[0062] The input data of the algorithm includes:

[0063] Geographic location information: local longitude and latitude (Latitude, Longitude).

[0064] Time information: current date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second).

[0065] Sun position sensor data: real-time collection of the sun’s azimuth and altitude.

[0066] 2. Calculation of sun position:

[0067] The calculation of the sun's position is based on astronomical formulas and mainly includes the following steps:

[0068] (1) Calculate the solar hour angle (HA)

[0069] The solar hour angle represents the angle HA of the sun relative to the local meridian and is calculated as:

[0070] HA = 15° × (LT-12) + ΔT;

[0071] Where: LT is the local solar time. ΔT is the longitude correction value, and the calculation formula is:

[0072] ΔT = longitude 15°;

[0073] (2) Calculate the solar declination angle (δ)

[0074] The solar declination angle represents the angle δ between the sun's rays and the Earth's equatorial plane, and is calculated as:

[0075]

[0076] Where: n is the day of the year (January 1 is the 1st day).

[0077] (3) Calculate the solar altitude angle (Elevation Angle, α)

[0078] The solar altitude angle represents the angle α of the sun relative to the horizon, and the calculation formula is:

[0079] sin(α)=sin(Latitude)×sin(δ)+cos(Latitude)×cos(δ)×cos(HA);

[0080] (4) Calculate the solar azimuth angle (γ)

[0081] The solar azimuth represents the angle γ of the sun relative to the true north direction, and the calculation formula is:

[0082] cos(γ)=sin(δ)-sin(Latitude)×sin(α)cos(Latitiude)×cos(α);

[0083] 3. Sun tracking algorithm:

[0084] The sun tracking algorithm achieves precise adjustment of the photovoltaic panel angle through the following steps:

[0085] (1) Initialization: Read the local latitude and longitude, date and time information. Initialize the sun position sensor and calibrate the sensor data.

[0086] (2) Sun position prediction: Calculate the theoretical altitude and azimuth of the sun based on the current date, time, and geographic location. Predict the change in the sun's position over a period of time in the future (e.g., 5 minutes or 10 minutes).

[0087] (3) Sensor data fusion: Read the data of the sun position sensor (altitude angle and azimuth angle) in real time. Compare the sensor data with the theoretical calculated value and correct the error.

[0088] (4) Angle calculation: Calculate the optimal tilt angle and rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel based on the altitude and azimuth of the sun. Tilt angle: Make the surface of the photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the sunlight. Rotation angle: Make the photovoltaic panel face the sun.

[0089] (5) Control command generation: The calculated tilt angle and rotation angle are converted into control commands for the drive motor. The controller outputs PWM signals or digital signals to drive the motor to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel.

[0090] (6) Feedback adjustment: Real-time monitoring of the deviation between the actual angle of the photovoltaic panel and the target angle. Fine-tuning is performed based on the deviation value to ensure that the photovoltaic panel accurately tracks the position of the sun.

[0091] Furthermore, the protective coating adopts a multi-layer composite structure, and the specific materials include: bottom layer: epoxy resin or polyurethane coating; middle layer: fluorocarbon coating or silane modified polymer; surface layer: nano silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide coating.

[0092] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are: the protective coating has waterproof, anti-corrosion and UV protection functions.

[0093] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the self-cooling, strong wave-resistance and high energy-capturing offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device provided by the present invention are:

[0094] Efficient energy capture and comprehensive utilization:

[0095] By integrating offshore wind, wave and solar power generation devices, efficient capture and comprehensive utilization of multiple clean energy sources are achieved. Offshore wind power generation devices utilize the abundant wind energy resources on the ocean surface to generate stable power output. Wave power generation devices absorb wave energy through oscillating water column structures, which not only has high power generation efficiency, but also can reduce the hydrodynamic load of the single pile foundation. Offshore solar power generation devices utilize the abundant light resources in the ocean to convert solar energy into electrical energy through high-efficiency photovoltaic panels;

[0096] Self-cooling function improves power generation efficiency:

[0097] The motion characteristics of the wave power generation device are used to drive air flow, forming a natural cooling cycle, effectively reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic panels. The heat-generating components of the wind power generation device and the wave power generation device are cooled by the seawater circulation cooling system to ensure the stable operation of the equipment in a high temperature environment. The self-cooling system does not require additional energy input, reduces system complexity and cost, and significantly improves the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation;

[0098] Enhanced wave safety and structural stability:

[0099] The wave power generation device absorbs wave energy, reduces the hydrodynamic load on the monopile foundation, and improves the wave resistance safety of the overall structure. The monopile foundation is made of high-strength steel, combined with the load reduction effect of the wave power generation device, to ensure the stability of the device in a complex marine environment. The photovoltaic panel bracket is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant materials, and the structural design is optimized to enhance the wind and wave resistance;

[0100] Efficient use of space and cost optimization:

[0101] By integrating wind, wave and solar power generation devices on the same monopile foundation, efficient use of space is achieved, and construction and maintenance costs are reduced. The combined power generation device reduces the land and sea area occupied by the separate construction of wind farms, wave power farms and photovoltaic power stations, and improves resource utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0102] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture;

[0103] Figure 2 It is a right view schematic diagram of an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture;

[0104] Figure 3 It is a left-side schematic diagram of an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture;

[0105] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic diagram of an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture;

[0106] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0107] 1. Blades; 10. Inner wall; 11. Bottom plate; 2. Hub; 3. Cabin; 4. Monopile foundation; 5. Wave energy generator; 6. Photovoltaic panel; 7. Curved airflow duct; 8. Photovoltaic panel bracket; 9. Connecting column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0108] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0109] The first embodiment of an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture provided by the present invention comprises: an offshore wind power generation device, a wave power generation device 5 and an offshore solar power generation device;

[0110] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the offshore wind turbine generator comprises a blade 1, a hub 2, a nacelle 3, a tower and a monopile foundation 4; the monopile foundation 4 is buried under the seabed and vertically penetrates the sea surface, and the offshore wind turbine generator set and the tower are fixed on the monopile foundation 4;

[0111] The wave energy power generation device 5 is an oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device for heaving motion along the monopile foundation 4 under the action of waves, and comprises a side wall, a top, an air hole, an arc-shaped airflow duct 7, an air turbine, an inner wall 10, a connecting column 9, a sliding device and a bottom plate 11. The main body is an annular cylindrical structure, a sliding device is provided between the inner ring and the monopile foundation 4, a connecting column 9 is provided at the bottom to connect to the bottom plate 11, and two arc-shaped airflow ducts 7 are provided at the top, and the opening of the arc-shaped airflow duct 7 is horizontally facing the photovoltaic panel 6;

[0112] The offshore photovoltaic power generation device is fixed on the top of the wave power generation device 5 in the form of an array, including: photovoltaic panels, a bracket body, connecting parts, an angle adjustment mechanism and a protective coating. The photovoltaic panel 6 faces the direction of direct sunlight and is equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism.

[0113] like Figure 3 As shown, in the above technical solution, the blade 1 adopts a wind blade airfoil, the blade 1 is gradually twisted from the root to the tip, and the blade is installed on the hub 2 and is distributed radially;

[0114] The hub 2 connects the blade 1 and the nacelle 3, transmits the rotation torque of the blade 1 and balances the rotation of the blade 1;

[0115] Nacelle 3 is located at the top of the tower. Nacelle 3 contains a generator, a gearbox and a control system. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, the gearbox adjusts the speed, and the control system monitors and regulates the unit operating parameters in real time.

[0116] The tower is vertically erected on a monopile foundation 4 to support the entire unit;

[0117] The single pile foundation 4 is buried under the seabed and penetrates the sea surface. The single pile foundation adopts large-diameter vertical steel pipe piles and is implanted into the seabed through a piling process.

[0118] Further, in the above technical solution, the side wall is the main body of the annular cylindrical structure;

[0119] The top is a circular flat plate, which is used to close the upper part of the side wall and together with the side wall form an air chamber;

[0120] The air hole is opened at the top, connecting the air chamber and the arc-shaped air flow duct 7;

[0121] like Figure 4 As shown, the arc-shaped airflow duct 7 is located on both sides of the top, connecting the air hole and the air turbine, and the outlet is aligned with the photovoltaic panel 6, and the air turbine is arranged inside;

[0122] The air turbine is installed in the arc-shaped air flow duct 7 to convert the kinetic energy of the air flow into mechanical energy;

[0123] The inner wall 10 is located inside the annular cylindrical structure, close to the monopile foundation 4, and a sliding device is provided between the inner wall 10 and the monopile foundation 4;

[0124] The connecting columns 9 are evenly distributed between the side walls and the bottom plate 11;

[0125] The sliding device is located between the inner wall 10 and the monopile foundation 4, and is specifically a sliding bearing;

[0126] The bottom plate 11 is a horizontal circular flat plate, located at the bottom of the device and in direct contact with seawater.

[0127] Further, in the above technical solution, the photovoltaic panels 6 are mounted on the support body and arranged in an array;

[0128] The bracket body is welded to the top of the wave energy power generation device 5;

[0129] The connecting component is used to fix the photovoltaic panel to the support body;

[0130] The angle adjustment mechanism is installed between the bracket body and the photovoltaic panel 6, and is used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time according to the position change of the sun;

[0131] A protective coating covers the surface of the photovoltaic panels.

[0132] Further, in the above technical solution, the angle adjustment mechanism includes: a sun position sensor, a controller, a drive motor and a mechanical transmission device;

[0133] A solar position sensor is installed on the top or around the photovoltaic panel support 8;

[0134] A controller, installed inside the bracket body, receives the sensor signal and calculates the adjustment angle;

[0135] A drive motor, installed between the support body and the photovoltaic panel 6, for receiving controller instructions and driving the mechanical transmission device;

[0136] The mechanical transmission device connects the driving motor and the photovoltaic panel 6 to convert the rotational motion of the motor into the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel.

[0137] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the solar position sensor detects the azimuth and altitude of the sun in real time through a photosensitive element and an angle measuring device, and converts this information into electrical signal output.

[0138] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the controller has a built-in sun trajectory tracking algorithm, which combines the local longitude and latitude, date, time information, and the sun position data collected by the sensor in real time to calculate the angle value that the photovoltaic panel 6 currently needs to adjust.

[0139] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the combined power generation device includes a self-cooling system, which is used to cool the heat-generating components in the offshore wind power generation device, the wave power generation device and the offshore solar power generation device through seawater circulation or air flow, so as to maintain the stable operation of the combined power generation device in a high temperature environment.

[0140] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the solar trajectory tracking algorithm adjusts the photovoltaic panel angle including the following steps:

[0141] Step 1: Read the local latitude and longitude, date, and time information, initialize the sun position sensor, and calibrate the sensor data;

[0142] Step 2: Calculate the theoretical altitude and azimuth of the sun based on the current date, time and geographic location, and predict the change in the sun's position in the future;

[0143] Step 3: Read the data of the sun position sensor in real time, compare the sensor data with the theoretical calculated value, and correct the error;

[0144] Step 4: Calculate the optimal tilt angle and rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun;

[0145] Step 5: Convert the calculated tilt angle and rotation angle into a control instruction for driving the motor, and output a PWM signal or a digital signal through the controller to drive the motor to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel;

[0146] Step 6: Monitor the deviation between the actual angle of the photovoltaic panel and the target angle in real time.

[0147] Specific embodiment: Geographic location: 30° north latitude, 120° east longitude. Date: June 21 (summer solstice). Time: 12:00 noon.

[0148] Calculation steps:

[0149] Calculate the solar declination:

[0150] δ=23.45°×sin(360°×(284+172)365)=23.45°;

[0151] Calculate the solar hour angle:

[0152] HA=15°×(12-12)+120°15°=0°;

[0153] Calculate the sun's altitude angle:

[0154] sin(α)=sin(30°)×sin(23.45°)+cos(30°)×cos(23.45°)×cos(0°)=0.866;

[0155] Calculate the solar azimuth:

[0156] cos(γ)=sin(23.45°)-sin(30°)×sin(60°)cos(30°)×cos(60°)=0;

[0157] Adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel:

[0158] Tilt angle: 90°-60°=30°. Rotation angle: 90° (towards due south).

[0159] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the protective coating adopts a multi-layer composite structure, and the specific materials include:

[0160] Base layer: epoxy resin or polyurethane coating;

[0161] Middle layer: fluorocarbon coating or silane modified polymer;

[0162] Surface layer: nano silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide coating.

[0163] The second embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture, including an offshore wind power generation device, a wave power generation device, and an offshore photovoltaic power generation device; the single pile foundation of the offshore wind power generation device is buried under the seabed and vertically penetrates the sea surface, and the offshore wind turbine generator set and tower are fixed on the single pile foundation; the wave power generation device is an oscillating water column wave power generation device that can swing along the single pile foundation under the action of waves, and the main body is an annular cylindrical structure, and a sliding device is provided between the inner ring and the single pile foundation to fix the movement direction and reduce friction, and a connecting column is provided at the bottom to connect a circular horizontal bottom plate, and there are two arc-shaped airflow ducts at the top, and the duct openings are horizontally facing the photovoltaic panels; the offshore photovoltaic power generation device is fixed to the top of the wave power generation device in the form of an array, and the photovoltaic panels face the direction of direct sunlight and are equipped with an automatic control angle adjustment mechanism.

[0164] The offshore wind turbine generator system comprises offshore wind turbine blades, a hub, a nacelle, a tower and a monopile foundation; the offshore wind turbine blades are the primary components of the entire power generation system for capturing wind energy, are usually made of lightweight and high-strength composite materials, are designed based on precise aerodynamic principles, have unique airfoils and curved surfaces, can efficiently capture wind energy under different wind speed conditions, and convert it into its own rotational mechanical energy; the hub, as a key component connecting the blades and the nacelle, not only bears the heavy responsibility of transmitting the blade rotation torque, but also plays a role in balancing the blades and stabilizing the blade rotation during operation, ensuring that the blades operate stably in a complex offshore environment; the nacelle comprises a generator, a gearbox and a control system, and the generator transmits the mechanical torque transmitted by the hub through the principle of electromagnetic induction. The gearbox is responsible for accurately adjusting the rotation speed of the hub so that the low-speed rotating mechanical energy can adapt to the high-speed operation requirements of the generator to ensure power generation efficiency. The control system monitors the operating status of each component of the unit in real time, and accurately adjusts the various operating parameters of the unit according to environmental parameters such as wind speed and wind direction and power generation requirements to ensure stable and efficient operation of the unit. The tower, as an important structure supporting the entire unit, is usually made of high-strength steel and has excellent compression, bending and wind resistance. It can stably support the unit in a high-altitude position with rich wind energy resources, so that the blades can fully capture wind energy. The single pile foundation usually uses large-diameter vertical steel pipe piles, which are deeply implanted into the seabed through piling and other processes to provide solid and reliable support for the stable operation of the unit.

[0165] The wave energy power generation device comprises a side wall, a top, an air hole, an arc-shaped airflow duct, an air turbine, an inner wall, a sliding device, a connecting column and a bottom plate; the side wall is the main part of the annular cylindrical structure, which is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant material, can withstand the impact of waves and the corrosion of seawater, and effectively protect the internal structure of the device; the top is closed, and is a circular flat plate, which together with the side wall forms an air chamber, and under the action of waves, a relatively stable air pressure environment is formed in the air chamber; the air hole is opened at the top, which is a channel for the air in the air chamber to circulate with the outside world. When the waves cause the water column to oscillate, the air in the air chamber enters and exits through the air hole to form an airflow; the arc-shaped airflow duct connects the air hole with the outside atmosphere, and the outlet is aimed at the photovoltaic panel. An air turbine is arranged inside to guide the airflow to flow stably to the air turbine, ensuring The airflow can efficiently drive the air turbine to rotate; the air turbine is a key component that converts the kinetic energy of the airflow into mechanical energy. Its blade design has been optimized and can rotate efficiently under the action of airflows at different flow rates, thereby driving the connected generator to generate electricity; the inner wall is located inside the annular cylindrical structure, close to the single pile foundation, and there is a sliding device between the inner wall and the single pile foundation to ensure the vertical swing movement, which together with the side wall defines the oscillation space of the water column and plays a role in enhancing the stability of the structure; the connecting columns are evenly distributed between the side wall and the bottom plate, tightly connecting the side wall and the bottom plate; the sliding device is a sliding bearing; the bottom plate is a circular flat plate, located at the bottom of the device, in direct contact with the seawater, which can reduce the excessive movement of the wave energy power generation device and improve the conversion efficiency of wave energy.

[0166] The offshore photovoltaic power generation device comprises a photovoltaic panel, a support body, a connecting component, an angle adjustment mechanism and a protective coating; the photovoltaic panel is a core component for converting light energy into electrical energy, is made of high-efficiency crystalline silicon or thin film materials, has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, is arranged in an array on the top of the wave power generation device, can fully receive sunlight, and convert solar energy into electrical energy to the maximum extent; the support body is welded to the top of the wave power generation device, is made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant metal materials, such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel, has good wind and wave resistance, provides stable support for the photovoltaic panel, and its structural design is optimized to reduce its own weight while ensuring strength, so as to adapt to the complex environment and limited carrying capacity at sea; the connecting component is used to tightly connect the photovoltaic panel with the support body to ensure that the photovoltaic panel will not loosen or fall off under severe sea conditions, and the connecting component adopts a special locking structure, has good anti-seismic and anti-loosening properties, and can effectively cope with vibration and turbulence at sea;The angle adjustment mechanism is installed between the bracket body and the photovoltaic panel, and can adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time according to the change of the sun's position. The built-in sensor monitors the azimuth and altitude of the sun, and automatically controls the angle adjustment mechanism to keep the photovoltaic panel at the best light receiving angle at all times, thereby improving the efficiency of light energy capture. The automatic control angle adjustment mechanism specifically includes a sun azimuth sensor, a controller, a drive motor, and a mechanical transmission device. The sun azimuth sensor adopts a high-precision dual-axis sun tracking sensor and is installed on the top of the photovoltaic panel bracket or in an open area around it to ensure that the sun's position can be monitored without obstruction. The sensor detects the azimuth and altitude of the sun in real time through a photosensitive element and an angle measuring device. And convert this information into electrical signal output. For example, a four-quadrant detector is used to measure the projection position of sunlight on the sensor plane, so as to accurately calculate the azimuth and altitude of the sun. The controller uses a microcontroller with powerful data processing capabilities, such as a microprocessor based on ARM architecture. The controller receives electrical signals from the solar azimuth sensor, analyzes and processes the data, and has a built-in advanced solar trajectory tracking algorithm. The algorithm combines local longitude and latitude, date, time and other information, as well as the sun position data collected by the sensor in real time to calculate the angle value that the photovoltaic panel currently needs to adjust. For example, the point-by-point comparison method or the optimal gradient method is used to continuously adjust the photovoltaic panel according to the preset objective function. The angle of the panel is adjusted to achieve real-time tracking of the sun. The driving motor is a waterproof motor with high torque and low speed characteristics that is suitable for the marine environment, such as a DC servo motor or a stepper motor. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the mechanical transmission device. Under the command of the controller, the motor accurately controls the rotation angle and speed of the output shaft. For example, the DC servo motor controls the speed by adjusting the armature voltage and adjusts the torque by controlling the current to ensure that it can respond quickly and accurately to the controller's instructions to drive the photovoltaic panel to adjust the angle. The mechanical transmission device usually adopts a worm gear transmission or a rack and pinion transmission structure, and its function is to convert the rotational motion of the driving motor into the precise angle adjustment motion of the photovoltaic panel. For example, the worm gear transmission or the rack and pinion transmission structure is used to convert the rotational motion of the driving motor into the precise angle adjustment motion of the photovoltaic panel. The worm gear transmission device can convert the high-speed rotation of the motor into low-speed and high-torque rotation. The rotation of the worm gear drives the photovoltaic panel bracket connected to it to rotate, so as to achieve precise adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, the mechanical transmission device has a self-locking function to ensure that after the adjustment is completed, the angle of the photovoltaic panel remains stable and is not disturbed by external forces such as sea breeze and waves. The protective coating covers the surface of the photovoltaic panel and has multiple functions such as waterproof, anti-corrosion, and anti-ultraviolet. It can effectively resist the erosion of seawater and long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays, extend the service life of the photovoltaic panel, and ensure the stability and reliability of photovoltaic power generation. The protective coating also has a self-cleaning function, which can reduce the adhesion of dust and dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and reduce maintenance costs. ;

[0167] Specifically, the principle of the present invention is:

[0168] Offshore wind power generation device: adopts a monopile foundation structure to fix the offshore wind turbine generator set and tower on the monopile foundation; the wind turbine blades are designed according to aerodynamic principles and made of lightweight and high-strength composite materials, which can efficiently capture wind energy under different wind speed conditions; the generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, the gearbox adjusts the speed, and the control system monitors and regulates the unit operating parameters in real time;

[0169] Wave energy power generation device: It adopts an oscillating water column structure, with the main body being a circular cylindrical structure. A sliding device is provided between the inner ring and the monopile foundation, allowing the device to swing along the monopile foundation. Under the action of waves, air pressure changes are formed in the air chamber, and the air turbine is driven to rotate through the arc-shaped airflow duct, converting wave energy into mechanical energy and further into electrical energy. The wave energy power generation device not only has high power generation efficiency, but also can absorb wave energy and reduce the hydrodynamic load of the monopile foundation.

[0170] Offshore photovoltaic power generation device: Photovoltaic panels are made of high-efficiency crystalline silicon or thin film materials and are arranged in an array on the top of the wave power generation device; the bracket body is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant metal material and is equipped with an automatic control angle adjustment mechanism to keep the photovoltaic panels at the best light receiving angle; the protective coating covers the surface of the photovoltaic panels, which has waterproof, anti-corrosion and UV protection functions to extend the service life;

[0171] Self-cooling system: Utilize the movement characteristics of the wave energy power generation device to drive air flow, form a natural cooling cycle, and reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panels; the seawater circulation cooling system introduces seawater into the device through pipes, and then discharges it after flowing through the heat-generating components to achieve efficient cooling; the intelligent control system adjusts the operating parameters of the cooling system in real time according to the temperature sensor data to ensure the stable operation of the equipment in a high temperature environment.

[0172] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-cooling, strong wave-resistance and high energy-capturing offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device, characterized in that: include: Offshore wind power generation devices, wave power generation devices and offshore solar power generation devices; offshore wind power generation devices include offshore wind turbine generator sets, towers and monopile foundations; The monopile foundation is buried under the seabed and vertically penetrates the sea surface. The offshore wind turbine generator set includes blades, a hub and a nacelle. The offshore wind turbine generator set and the tower are fixed on the monopile foundation. The wave energy power generation device is an oscillating water column wave energy power generation device that performs vertical motion along the monopile foundation under the action of waves. The wave energy power generation device is an annular cylindrical structure. There is a sliding device between the inner ring and the monopile foundation. The lower part has a connecting column connecting the bottom plate, and the upper part has two arc-shaped airflow ducts. The openings of the arc-shaped airflow ducts are horizontally facing the photovoltaic panels. The offshore photovoltaic power generation device is fixed to the top of the wave energy power generation device in the form of an array and is equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism.

2. According to claim 1, a self-cooling, strong wave-resistance and high energy-capturing offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device is characterized in that: The blades adopt a wind blade airfoil shape, the blades are gradually twisted from the root to the tip, and the blades are installed on the hub and are distributed radially; The hub connects the blades and the nacelle, transmits the blade rotation torque and balances the blade rotation; The nacelle is located at the top of the tower, and contains a generator, a gearbox and a control system. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, the gearbox adjusts the speed, and the control system monitors and regulates the unit operating parameters in real time; The tower is vertically erected on a monopile foundation to support the entire unit; The monopile foundation is buried under the seabed and penetrates the sea surface. The monopile foundation adopts vertical steel pipe piles and is implanted into the seabed through a piling process.

3. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It includes side walls, a top, air holes, curved airflow ducts, air turbines, inner walls, connecting columns, sliding devices and a bottom plate; The side wall is the main part of the annular cylindrical structure; The top is a circular flat plate, which is used to close the upper part of the side wall and together with the side wall form an air chamber; The air hole is opened at the top, connecting the air chamber and the arc-shaped air flow duct; The arc-shaped airflow duct is located on both sides of the top, connecting the air hole and the air turbine, with the outlet facing the photovoltaic panel and the air turbine inside; The air turbine is installed in the arc-shaped airflow duct to convert the kinetic energy of the airflow into mechanical energy; The inner wall is located inside the annular cylindrical structure, close to the monopile foundation, and has a sliding device between the inner wall and the monopile foundation; The connecting columns are evenly distributed between the side wall and the bottom plate; The sliding device is located between the inner wall and the monopile foundation, and is specifically a sliding bearing; The bottom plate is a horizontal circular flat plate, located at the bottom of the device and in direct contact with seawater.

4. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The offshore photovoltaic power generation device includes a photovoltaic panel, a support body, a connecting component, an angle adjustment mechanism and a protective coating; The photovoltaic panels are mounted on the support body and arranged in an array, with the photovoltaic panels facing the direction of direct sunlight; The support body is welded to the top of the wave energy power generation device; The connecting component is used to fix the photovoltaic panel on the bracket body; The angle adjustment mechanism is installed between the bracket body and the photovoltaic panel, and is used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time according to the change of the position of the sun; The protective coating covers the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

5. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism includes: a sun position sensor, a controller, a drive motor and a mechanical transmission device; The sun position sensor is installed on the top or around the photovoltaic panel bracket; A controller, installed inside the bracket body, receives the sensor signal and calculates the adjustment angle; A driving motor, installed between the support body and the photovoltaic panel, for receiving instructions from the controller and driving the mechanical transmission device; A mechanical transmission device connects the drive motor and the photovoltaic panel to convert the rotational motion of the motor into an angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel.

6. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The solar azimuth sensor detects the azimuth and altitude of the sun in real time through a photosensitive element and an angle measuring device, and converts the information into electrical signals for output.

7. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The controller has a built-in sun trajectory tracking algorithm, which combines the local longitude and latitude, date, time information, and the sun position data collected by the sensor in real time to calculate the angle value that the photovoltaic panel currently needs to adjust.

8. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The combined power generation device includes a self-cooling system, which is used to cool the heat-generating components in the offshore wind power generation device, wave power generation device and offshore solar power generation device through seawater circulation or air flow, so as to maintain the stable operation of the combined power generation device in a high temperature environment.

9. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The solar track tracking algorithm for adjusting the photovoltaic panel angle includes the following steps: Step 1: Read the local latitude and longitude, date, and time information, initialize the sun position sensor, and calibrate the sensor data; Step 2: Calculate the theoretical altitude and azimuth of the sun based on the current date, time and geographic location, and predict the change in the sun's position in the future; Step 3: Read the data of the sun position sensor in real time, compare the sensor data with the theoretical calculated value, and correct the error; Step 4: Calculate the optimal tilt angle and rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun; Step 5: Convert the calculated tilt angle and rotation angle into a control instruction for driving the motor, and output a PWM signal or a digital signal through the controller to drive the motor to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel; Step 6: Monitor the deviation between the actual angle of the photovoltaic panel and the target angle in real time.

10. The offshore wind-solar-wave combined power generation device with self-cooling, strong wave resistance and high energy capture according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The protective coating adopts a multi-layer composite structure, specifically comprising: an epoxy resin or polyurethane coating is used as the bottom layer; a fluorocarbon coating or a silane-modified polymer is used as the middle layer; and a nano silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide coating is used as the surface layer.

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