Half-moon-shaped composite multi-layer anti-scouring ecological bank protection method

Abstract

The invention relates to a half-moon-shaped composite multi-layer anti-scouring ecological bank protection method. The multi-layer stepped concrete revetment is composed of multi-layer stepped concrete revetment structures, each layer of stepped revetment structure is formed by connecting a plurality of semilunar structures imitating fish-scale pits, and each semilunar structure is composed of a plant growing area, a concrete revetment, external plant growing holes and plants. The multi-level concrete bank protection structure is designed in a half-moon shape imitating a fish-scale pit, the influence of river bank scouring erosion can be effectively prevented, and river and lake bank slopes are protected. Meanwhile, based on the principles of species ecological habits, diversity and the like of plant ecology, arbors, shrubs, herbaceous plants and vines are reasonably configured into plant communities in a plant growing area, different plants in the communities are promoted to coordinate with one another, and a composite multi-layer ecological community system is constructed to maintain the balance of a riverside ecological system; and an attractive, natural and stable river bank landscape environment is created. Through combination of ecological measures and engineering measures, river and lake bank slopes can be effectively protected, water and soil loss can be effectively controlled, the ecological environment of the slope can be restored, and meanwhile the method has very good landscape aesthetics value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent relates to the fields of river regulation and soil and water conservation, and specifically to a composite multi-layer anti-scour ecological revetment method with a semi-circular design. Background Art

[0002] As the transition zone between water and land, the riverbank slope is an important part of the water ecosystem and has important functions in soil and water conservation, water purification, flood control and flood discharge. Most areas in the south of China belong to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with abundant precipitation, dense river networks, large water volume and long flood seasons. On the other hand, mountains and hills are widely distributed in the southern region, with large river gradients and high potential energy, resulting in serious scouring and erosion of many riverbank lines, exacerbating the damage to the riverbank lines, causing soil erosion and ecological damage, scarce vegetation, low biodiversity, and especially serious damage due to human activities and over-exploitation.

[0003] Therefore, we have invented a composite multi-layer anti-scour ecological revetment method with a semi-circular design to solve the above problems. The idea of the composite multi-layer anti-scour revetment method with a semi-circular design is derived from the fish-scale pit planting technology in the soil and water conservation technology of sloping land terrain, and its technical principle is applied to river and lake revetments, that is, the semi-circular design imitating fish-scale pits, and its structure has the function of dispersing and resisting the scouring force of water flow and waves. Currently, most river and lake revetment structures are rigid hard (concrete) revetments or flexible (plant) revetments. The flexible revetment has limited anti-scouring ability against water flow and wind waves and has high requirements for water flow conditions; while the rigid revetment is generally made of concrete or grouted stone structures, without any grass growing, and the material and energy ecological cycle system formed among water, soil and organisms is damaged, and the water self-purification ability and ecological landscape function are lost. In addition, artificial matrix revetment structures such as gabion nets, geotextiles, and ecological bags can also plant plants, but basically only herbs and other plants can be planted, the species are relatively single, the plant diversity is low, the ecological function is fragile, and it is easy to be washed away by floods. This invention patent combines the advantages of these two types of revetments and combines ecological principles to construct a revetment system with a multi-layer niche structure combining trees, shrubs and herbs, which can not only effectively protect the river and lake bank slopes, but also effectively create a healthy riverbank ecosystem with rich diversity and play the ecological function value; at the same time, the multi-layer structure vision and reasonable plant landscape configuration have very good environmental beautification effects. "Ecological, beautiful, anti-scouring, protective" is the main idea conveyed by this invention patent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is a method for a composite multi-level anti-scouring ecological revetment with a semi-circular design. It is composed of a multi-level stepped revetment structure. Each stepped revetment structure is formed by connecting multiple semi-circular structures imitating fish-scale pits. Each semi-circular structure is respectively composed of a vegetation area, a concrete revetment, external vegetation holes and plants. Through the semi-circular design of the multi-level revetment structure imitating fish-scale pits, it can not only effectively protect the river and lake revetments, but also rationally allocate arbors, shrubs, herbs and vines to the plant community in the vegetation area by applying the principles of species ecological habits and diversity in plant ecology, so as to promote the coordination of different plants among the communities and construct a composite multi-level ecological community system to maintain the balance of the riverside ecosystem and create a beautiful, natural and stable riverside landscape environment.

[0005] The interior of the semi-circular structure is a vegetation area, and the exterior is a concrete revetment with herbaceous vegetation holes reserved on it. Suitable plants are planted in the vegetation area and the vegetation holes, and they are configured according to the ecological habits of the plants and the site conditions. Its function is to form a vertical stratified structure plant community with multiple levels and different life forms, effectively improving biodiversity and species richness to create a healthy riverside ecosystem.

[0006] The vegetation area, the vegetation holes are connected to the riverbank soil. The roots of the planted arbors, shrubs, vines and herbs can effectively grow into the slope soil layer. The plant roots can significantly improve the physical properties of the soil mass, increase the shear strength of the soil slope and improve the slope stability.

[0007] The exterior of the semi-circular structure is a concrete-cast revetment, forming different-level semi-circular ecological revetment structures in the horizontal gradient. It is firm and stable, with the function of anti-scouring, preventing soil erosion and ecological damage to the riverbank caused by the scouring of floods or waves.

[0008] The herbaceous plants with developed roots and drought and waterlogging tolerance planted in the vegetation holes can survive when the river water floods during the flood season on the one hand, and can survive or grow during the dry season or drought season on the other hand. At the same time, it can prevent soil erosion caused by heavy rain or wave scouring, mainly one or more herbaceous types of plants such as bermudagrass, zoysia japonica, vetiver grass, imperata cylindrica, and carex chinensis.

[0009] The arbor layer plants are mainly one or more arbors and small arbors such as weeping willow, Chinese tallow, elaeocarpus decipiens, taxodium distichum, metasequoia glyptostroboides, taxodium ascendens, liquidambar formosana, magnolia liliflora, peach blossom, bauhinia variegata, camptotheca acuminata, Celtis sinensis, viburnum odoratissimum, Salix matsudana, nyssa sinensis, lagerstroemia indica, dillenia indica, and syzygium hancei. Its function is to construct the community structure and determine the internal environmental conditions of the community.

[0010] The main shrub layer plants are one or more shrub-type plants such as Ligustrum sinense, Hibiscus syriacus, Nerium oleander, Allamanda schottii, Ficus abelii, Schefflera octophylla, Ruellia brittoniana, Osmanthus fragrans 'Semperflorens', Fagraea ceilanica, Ligustrum quihoui, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Nandina domestica, Aglaia odorata, Senna bicapsularis, Fatsia japonica, Photinia × fraseri, Cephalanthus tetrandrus, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, Rhapis excelsa, Buddleja lindleyana, Alpinia zerumbet var. variegata, Rhododendron simsii, Gardenia jasminoides, Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, etc. The function is to utilize the middle-layer space resources, enrich plant diversity, and create a benign ecosystem.

[0011] The main vine plants are one or more vine-type plants such as Jasminum mesnyi, Rosa multiflora var. cathayensis, Rosa hybrida climbers, Monstera deliciosa, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Campsis grandiflora, Quisqualis indica, Vitis heyneana, Wisteria sinensis, Clematis florida, Pyrostegia venusta, Lonicera japonica, etc. They utilize the middle and lower layer space resources to increase the landscape effect and enrich plant diversity.

[0012] The main herbaceous layer plants are one or more herbaceous ground-cover plants such as Vetiveria zizanioides, Cynodon dactylon, Zoysia japonica, Ophiopogon japonicus, Nephrolepis auriculata, Liriope spicata, Liriope muscari 'Variegata', Zephyranthes grandiflora, Hydrocotyle chinensis, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Canna indica, Thalia dealbata, Iris tectorum, Cyperus alternifolius, Ruellia brittoniana, Hemerocallis fulva, etc. Their function is to make full use of the surface space resources, enrich species diversity, and effectively reduce the exposed soil and prevent soil erosion.

[0013] Preferably, for the fifth and sixth level revetments near the river under the plants in the vegetation area, the plants are mainly flood-tolerant, and for the first and second level revetments near the shore, the plants are mainly drought-tolerant.

[0014] The plant planting needs to expand the plant species according to needs, improve plant diversity and optimize the combination. Plant sun-loving trees under tall tree species with relatively small foliage density and large forest gaps to ensure that the sun-loving trees have sufficient sunlight and meet their ecological habit requirements. And configure shade-tolerant small trees, shrubs and other plants under the lower layer of the tree crown to increase the community landscape effect on the basis of following the principle of plant ecological habits. The revetments in the landscape area can be planted mainly with highly ornamental plants according to local conditions. A variety of flowers can be planted, and multi-layered beautiful arbors, shrubs and herbs can be matched to form a plant community, bringing a beautiful visual experience to people. In general areas, native plants and economic plants are mainly used. In addition, when there is a need for flood discharge and waterlogging drainage in the river course, large woody plants should not be planted.

[0015] The present invention uses a multi-level stepped structure revetment made of concrete, which can effectively prevent the impact of riverbank erosion. The stepped structure designed in the shape of imitation fish-scale pits and half-moons can not only disperse and resist the scouring forces of water flow and waves, effectively control soil erosion, and protect the bank slope, but also leave enough soil space for plant growth, create and restore the riverside slope ecosystem, and construct a composite multi-level ecological community system. Thus, the combination of plant ecological measures and revetment engineering measures, and the multi-level ecological plant structure can not only restore the ecological environment of the riverbank slope, maintain the balance of the riverside ecosystem, create a natural and stable riverside landscape environment, and construct a complete blue-green system for the riverside space, but also have very good landscape aesthetic value.

[0016] The present invention is mainly applicable to the treatment of riverbanks, lakes and other bank slopes with a certain slope, and can also be extended to the treatment of slopes for highway, railway and other soil and water conservation. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a sectional view of a composite multi-level anti-scouring ecological revetment method with a half-moon design provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view of a composite multi-level anti-scouring ecological revetment method with a half-moon design; Markings in the figure: 1, vegetation area; 2, concrete revetment structure; 3, vegetation holes; 4, herbaceous layer plants; 5, vine plants; 6, shrub layer plants; 7, tree layer plants; 8, first-level stepped revetment structure; 9, second-level stepped revetment structure; 10, third-level stepped revetment structure; 11, fourth-level stepped revetment structure. Embodiment

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0020] Unless otherwise clearly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "having" will be understood to include the stated elements or components, without excluding other elements or other components.

[0021] As shown in the attached drawings, a composite multi-level anti-scour ecological revetment with a semi-circular design is established, including a vegetation area (1), a concrete revetment structure (2), vegetation holes (3), herbaceous layer plants (4), vine plants (5), shrub layer plants (6), tree layer plants (7), a first-level stepped revetment structure (8), a second-level stepped revetment structure (9), a third-level stepped revetment structure (10), and a fourth-level stepped revetment structure (11). It is composed of a multi-level stepped revetment structure built by concrete masonry, forming a semi-circular ecological revetment structure imitating fish-scale pits at different levels such as the first-level stepped revetment structure (8), the second-level stepped revetment structure (9), the third-level stepped revetment structure (10), and the fourth-level stepped revetment structure (11) on the horizontal gradient. The number of levels can be expanded according to the actual situation. The outer part of the semi-circular structure is poured with concrete for the revetment, which is firm and stable, and has the function of anti-scouring, preventing soil erosion and ecological damage to the river bank caused by the scouring of floods or waves.

[0022] The slopes of the stepped revetments at each level are determined according to the actual terrain of the river bank, and are suitable to be between 5° and 60°. Each stepped revetment structure is composed of multiple semi-circular structures imitating fish-scale pits connected together. The radius of each semi-circular structure is 0.5m to 3m, and each is composed of a vegetation area (1), a concrete revetment structure (2), and external vegetation holes (3).

[0023] The soil in the vegetation area and the vegetation holes is connected to the soil of the river bank slope, and is configured according to the ecological habits and site conditions of the plants. The herbaceous plants with developed roots that are both drought-tolerant and waterlogging-tolerant are planted in the vegetation holes. Taking the trees as the center in each vegetation area, shrubs, vines, and herbs are extended outwards in turn, forming a multi-level structure plant community of the tree layer, shrub layer, vine layer, and herb layer, effectively improving biodiversity and species richness to create a benign and healthy river bank ecosystem.

[0024] The tree layer plants are mainly one or more types of trees and small trees such as weeping willow, Chinese tallow tree, Elaeocarpus decipiens, Taxodium distichum, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium ascendens, Liquidambar formosana, Magnolia liliiflora, Prunus persica, Bauhinia variegata, Camptotheca acuminata, Celtis sinensis, Viburnum odoratissimum, Salix matsudana, Nyssa sinensis, Lagerstroemia indica, Dillenia indica, Syzygium hancei, etc.

[0025] The shrub layer plants are mainly one or more types of shrubs such as Ligustrum sinense, Hibiscus syriacus, Nerium oleander, Allamanda neriifolia, Ficus abelii, Schefflera octophylla, Ruellia brittoniana, Osmanthus fragrans cv. Semperflorens, Fagraea ceilanica, Ligustrum quihoui, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Nandina domestica, Aglaia odorata, Senna bicapsularis, Fatsia japonica, Photinia × fraseri, Cephalanthus tetrandrus, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, Rhapis excelsa, Buddleja lindleyana, Alpinia zerumbet, Rhododendron simsii, Gardenia jasminoides, Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, etc.

[0026] The vine plants are mainly one or more types of vines such as Jasminum mesnyi, Rosa multiflora var. cathayensis, Climbing Rose, Monstera deliciosa, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Campsis grandiflora, Quisqualis indica, Vitis heyneana, Wisteria sinensis, Clematis florida, Pyrostegia venusta, Lonicera japonica, etc.

[0027] The herbaceous layer plants are mainly one or more herbaceous plant types such as vetiver, bermudagrass, zoysia grass, liriope, nephrolepis, ophiopogon japonicus, zephyranthes candida, hydrocotyle vulgaris, canna indica, thalia dealbata, iris, cyperus alternifolius, ruellia brittoniana, hemerocallis fulva, etc.

[0028] The vegetation holes are mainly one or more herbaceous plant types such as bermudagrass, zoysia grass, vetiver, imperata cylindrica, carex chinensis, acorus tatarinowii, nephrolepis, hemerocallis fulva, etc.

[0029] The foregoing embodiments of the present invention are only for illustration and exemplification, and do not impose any specific formal limitation on the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above implementation solutions based on the technical essence of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design, characterized in that: It includes a vegetation area (1), a concrete revetment structure (2), vegetation holes (3), herbaceous layer plants (4), vine plants (5), shrub layer plants (6), tree layer plants (7), a first-level stepped revetment structure (8), a second-level stepped revetment structure (9), a third-level stepped revetment structure (10), and a fourth-level stepped revetment structure (11). It is composed of a multi-level stepped revetment structure built with concrete, forming different-level semi-circular ecological revetment structures imitating fish-scale pits such as the first-level stepped revetment structure (8), the second-level stepped revetment structure (9), the third-level stepped revetment structure (10), and the fourth-level stepped revetment structure (11) on the horizontal gradient. The number of levels can be expanded according to the actual situation; the outside of the semi-circular structure is protected by a concrete revetment, which is firm and stable, has the function of resisting scouring, and prevents soil erosion and ecological damage to the river bank caused by the scouring of floods or waves.

2. The composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of each-level stepped revetment is determined according to the actual river bank terrain, and it is suitable to be between 5° and 60°. Each-level stepped revetment structure is composed of multiple semi-circular structures imitating fish-scale pits connected together. The radius of each semi-circular structure is 0.5m to 3m, and it is respectively composed of a vegetation area (1), a concrete revetment structure (2), and external vegetation holes (3).

3. The composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil in the vegetation area and the vegetation holes is connected to the soil of the river bank slope, and it is configured according to the ecological habits and site conditions of the plants. The herbaceous plants with developed roots that are drought-tolerant and waterlogging-tolerant are planted in the vegetation holes. With the tree as the center in each vegetation area, shrubs, vines, and herbs are extended outwards in turn, forming a multi-level structure plant community of the tree layer, shrub layer, vine layer, and herbaceous layer, effectively improving biodiversity and species richness to create a healthy river bank ecosystem.

4. The composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tree layer plants are tree plants that are the constructive species, mainly one or more tree and small tree types of plants such as Salix babylonica, Sapium sebiferum, Elaeocarpus decipiens, Taxodium distichum, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taxodium ascendens, Liquidambar formosana, Magnolia liliflora, Prunus persica, Bauhinia variegata, Camptotheca acuminata, Celtis sinensis, Viburnum odoratissimum, Salix matsudana, Nyssa sinensis, Lagerstroemia indica, Dillenia indica, Syzygium hancei, etc.

5. The composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shrub layer plants are mainly one or more shrub-type plants such as Ligustrum sinense, Hibiscus syriacus, Nerium indicum, Allamanda schottii, Ficus abelii, Schefflera octophylla, Ruellia brittoniana, Osmanthus fragrans 'Semperflorens', Fagraea ceilanica, Ligustrum quihoui, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Nandina domestica, Aglaia odorata, Senna bicapsularis, Fatsia japonica, Photinia × fraseri, Cephalanthus tetrandrus, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, Rhapis excelsa, Buddleja lindleyana, Alpinia zerumbet, Rhododendron simsii, Gardenia jasminoides, Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, etc.

6. The composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vine plants are mainly one or more vine plants such as Jasminum mesnyi, Rosa multiflora 'Cathayensis Group', Rosa hybrida 'Climbing', Monstera deliciosa, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Campsis grandiflora, Quisqualis indica, Vitis heyneana, Lantana camara, Wisteria sinensis, Clematis florida, Pyrostegia venusta, Lonicera japonica, etc.

7. The composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The herbaceous layer plants are mainly one or more herbaceous-type plants such as Vetiveria zizanioides, Cynodon dactylon, Zoysia japonica, Ophiopogon japonicus, Nephrolepis auriculata, Liriope spicata, Zephyranthes grandiflora, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Canna indica, Thalia dealbata, Iris tectorum, Cyperus alternifolius, Ruellia brittoniana, Hemerocallis fulva, Ophiopogon bodinieri, etc.

8. The composite multi - level anti - erosion ecological revetment method with a semi - lunar design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vegetation holes are mainly one or more herbaceous-type plants such as Cynodon dactylon, Zoysia japonica, Vetiveria zizanioides, Imperata cylindrica, Carex chinensis, Acorus tatarinowii, Nephrolepis auriculata, Hemerocallis fulva, Ophiopogon bodinieri, etc.

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