Nursing sputum suction device for intensive care unit

Abstract

The invention discloses a nursing sputum suction device for an intensive care unit. The nursing sputum suction device comprises a sputum suction device body, a control part and a sputum collection barrel. The control part and the sputum collecting barrel are both mounted at the top of the sputum aspirator body; the bottom of the sputum collecting barrel is provided with a notch which is concavely embedded inwards, a cover plate is hinged to the notch, a sealing cavity is formed in the position, located on the periphery of the notch, of the bottom of the sputum collecting barrel, and a heating wire is arranged in the sealing cavity; a plurality of through holes for collecting residual liquid are annularly formed in the liquid collecting cavity; an electric heating element matched with the heating wire is also arranged at the liquid collecting cavity; the heating wire and the nozzle are arranged in the sputum collecting barrel, the stirring effect of bubbles and the heating effect of clear water jointly act on sputum in the sputum collecting barrel, the sputum is fully diluted and purified, and residue and accumulation of the sputum in the sputum collecting barrel are reduced. The heating effect is beneficial for accelerating decomposition of components such as protein and mucus in sputum, so that the sputum is easier to dilute and purify by clear water, and the risk of bacterium breeding is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a sputum suction device, and particularly to a nursing sputum suction device for intensive care units. Background Art

[0002] In intensive care units (ICUs), nursing sputum suction devices, as essential medical equipment, undertake the important task of clearing sputum in patients' respiratory tracts to ensure unobstructed airways and prevent asphyxia and infections caused by sputum accumulation. Traditional sputum suction devices generally consist of basic components such as a sputum suction device body, a control part, and a sputum collection bucket, and their functions are relatively single, mainly focusing on the aspiration and collection of sputum. However, in actual clinical applications, such traditional devices expose the following problems:

[0003] (1) Imperfect sputum treatment mechanism: The aspirated sputum is usually directly deposited into the sputum collection bucket, lacking effective treatment means, which easily leads to the retention of sputum in the bucket, providing a breeding ground for bacteria and thus increasing the risk of cross-infection.

[0004] (2) Functional limitations: The functions of traditional sputum suction devices are limited to single sputum suction operations and cannot meet the diverse requirements for sputum treatment in clinical medicine, such as functions like real-time sputum purification and sputum sampling cannot be achieved.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a nursing sputum suction device for intensive care units to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a nursing sputum suction device for intensive care units.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A nursing sputum suction device for intensive care units, comprising: a sputum suction device body, a control part, and a sputum collection bucket; the control part and the sputum collection bucket are both installed on the top of the sputum suction device body; the bottom of the sputum collection bucket has an inwardly recessed notch, a cover plate is hinged at the notch, a sealing cavity is provided around the notch at the bottom of the sputum collection bucket, and a heating wire is arranged in the sealing cavity; a hollow liquid collection cavity is arranged at the sputum suction device body, an installation block is arranged in the middle part of the liquid collection cavity, a nozzle and a fixing column are arranged at the installation block, the fixing column is in a right-angled shape, one right-angled side of the fixing column is located above the nozzle, and a top block is arranged at the top of the fixing column; a plurality of through holes for collecting residual liquid are annularly arranged at the liquid collection cavity; an electric heating element cooperating with the heating wire is also arranged at the liquid collection cavity.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an air pump and a gas cylinder are built into the sputum aspirator body. The input end of the air pump is connected to the gas cylinder, and the output end is connected to the nozzle. An electronic valve is additionally provided in the connection section between the air pump and the nozzle. The electronic valve is an electronic valve gate, including valve A, valve B, and valve C. Valve A is connected to the output end of the air pump, valve B is connected to the nozzle, and valve C is connected to the liquid collection chamber. The mounting block is slidably connected to the liquid collection chamber. By controlling the closing of valve C, the height adjustment of the mounting block in the liquid collection chamber is achieved.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas stored in the gas cylinder is preferably oxygen.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an integrated circuit board is also built into the sputum aspirator body. The integrated circuit board is integrated with an adjustment system for adjusting the working parameters of the sputum aspiration device and a control system for controlling the closing condition of the electronic valve.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sealing gasket is provided at the cover plate for sealing the notch. The sealing gasket is made of rubber material.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid collection chamber includes a first cavity and a second cavity. The first cavity is used for temporarily storing the residual liquid, and a sealing plug is provided at the bottom of the first cavity. The inner wall of the second cavity is slidably connected to the mounting block, and there is a gap between the bottom of the mounting block and the second cavity. By adjusting the air pressure in the gap, the up and down sliding of the mounting block is achieved.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle is connected to the electronic valve, the liquid collection chamber is connected to the electronic valve, the electronic valve is connected to the output end of the air pump, and the air pump is connected to the gas cylinder.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the sputum collection bucket is threadedly connected with a bucket cover. The bucket cover is provided with a sputum inlet interface and an anti-overflow interface, and the anti-overflow interface is close to the control part.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height of the fixed column is consistent with the depth of the notch.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one side of the fixed column close to the top of the nozzle is inverted conical.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top block is made of rubber or silica gel material.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle is connected to the electronic valve through a first air delivery pipe, and the liquid collection chamber is connected to the electronic valve through a second air delivery pipe. Both the first air delivery pipe and the second air delivery pipe are flexible hoses.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sputum collection bucket includes a transparent part and an opaque part. The transparent part is made of rigid plastic and is provided with scale lines. The transparent part forms the barrel body of the sputum collection bucket; the opaque part is made of iron or stainless steel, and the opaque part forms the bottom of the sputum collection bucket; furthermore, the heating wire is arranged inside the opaque part at the bottom of the sputum collection bucket.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided an adjustment method for the above-mentioned nursing sputum suction device for the intensive care unit, which is realized based on the adjustment system integrated on the integrated circuit board; the adjustment system is composed of a micro-regulator, a processor, and an actuator; the micro-regulator is the core of the adjustment system, responsible for processing input signals, executing adjustment algorithms, and outputting adjustment signals. The processor is used to receive the working data of the sputum suction device in real time, process the working data through the adjustment algorithm, and calculate the adjustment data; the actuator receives the adjustment data, generates an adjustment signal, and adjusts the working parameters of the heating wire, air pump, and electronic valve in real time.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the factors affecting the accuracy of the adjustment algorithm include but are not limited to: the temperature adjustment of the heating wire, the flow rate and pressure adjustment of the air pump, the opening and closing timing of the electronic valve, and the stability and response speed of the entire system; among them, the adjustment algorithm adjusts the temperature adjustment of the heating wire by adopting the PID algorithm, and the calculation formula of the PID algorithm is:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, P heat represents the heating power of the heating wire; K p represents the proportionality coefficient, which is used to determine the response speed of the PID algorithm to the difference between the target temperature value and the actual temperature value; T set represents the target temperature; T current represents the actual temperature value; K i represents the integral coefficient, which is used to eliminate the steady-state error of the system; K d represents the differential coefficient, which is used to predict the change trend of the system error and adjust the output of the PID algorithm in advance accordingly.

[0024] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology, and the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) By setting a heating wire and a nozzle in the sputum collection bucket, the present invention uses the agitation effect of bubbles and the heating effect of clear water to act on the sputum in the sputum collection bucket together, so that the sputum is fully diluted and purified, reducing the residue and accumulation of sputum in the sputum collection bucket. The heating effect helps to accelerate the decomposition of components such as proteins and mucus in the sputum, making it easier to be diluted and purified by clear water, thereby reducing the risk of bacterial growth.

[0026] (2) The sputum suction device proposed by the present invention provides two working modes: a real-time sputum purification mode and a sputum sampling mode, meeting the diverse needs of sputum treatment in clinical medicine. The real-time sputum purification mode realizes the rapid purification of sputum through the combined action of heating and bubbles; the sputum sampling mode is used to concentrate the sputum in the sputum collection bucket without additional treatment of the sputum, facilitating medical staff to sample and detect. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings;

[0028] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a partial structure disassembly schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at A in

[0032] List of Reference Numerals:

[0033] 1: Sputum suction device body; 2: Control part; 2.1: Integrated circuit board; 2.2: Air pump; 2.3: Gas cylinder; 2.4: Electronic valve; 2.5: First air pipe; 2.6: Second air pipe; 3: Sputum collection bucket; 3.1: Bucket cover; 3.2: Sputum inlet interface; 3.3: Anti-overflow interface; 3.4: Heating wire; 3.5: Cover plate; 3.6: Sealing gasket; 4: Liquid collection cavity; 5: Installation block; 6: Through hole; 7: Nozzle; 8: Fixed column; 9: Top block; 10: Plug. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0037] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] Such as Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, a nursing sputum suction device for the intensive care unit includes: a sputum suction device body 1, a control unit 2, and a sputum collection bucket 3; the control unit 2 and the sputum collection bucket 3 are both installed on the top of the sputum suction device body 1; the bottom of the sputum collection bucket 3 has an inwardly recessed notch, and a cover plate 3.5 is hinged at the notch. A sealing gasket 3.6 is provided at the cover plate 3.5 for sealing the notch, and the sealing gasket 3.6 is made of rubber material. The top of the sputum collection bucket 3 is connected with a bucket cover 3.1 by threads. An expectoration interface 3.2 and an anti-overflow interface 3.3 are provided at the bucket cover 3.1, and the anti-overflow interface 3.3 is close to the control unit 2.

[0039] A sealing cavity is provided around the notch at the bottom of the sputum collection bucket 3, and a heating wire 3.4 is provided in the sealing cavity; a hollow liquid collection cavity 4 is provided at the sputum suction device body 1. An installation block 5 is provided in the middle of the liquid collection cavity 4. The liquid collection cavity 4 includes a first cavity and a second cavity. The first cavity is used for temporarily storing residual liquid, and a sealing plug 10 is provided at the bottom of the first cavity; the inner wall of the second cavity is slidably connected with the installation block 5, and there is a gap between the bottom of the installation block 5 and the second cavity. By adjusting the air pressure in the gap, the up and down sliding of the installation block 5 is realized.

[0040] A nozzle 7 and a fixed column 8 are provided at the installation block 5. The height of the fixed column 8 is the same as the depth of the notch; the fixed column 8 is in a right-angled shape. One right-angled side of the fixed column 8 is located above the nozzle 7, and a top block 9 is provided at the top of the fixed column 8. The top block 9 is made of rubber or silica gel material; a plurality of through holes 6 for collecting residual liquid are annularly provided at the liquid collection cavity 4; an electric heating element matching with the heating wire 3.4 is also provided at the liquid collection cavity 4.

[0041] Further, an air pump 2.2 and a gas cylinder 2.3 are built in the sputum suction device body 1. The input end of the air pump 2.2 is connected with the gas cylinder 2.3, and the output end is connected with the nozzle 7; an electronic valve 2.4 is additionally provided in the connection section between the air pump 2.2 and the nozzle 7. The electronic valve 2.4 is an electronic valve, including valve A, valve B, and valve C; valve A is connected with the output end of the air pump 2.2, valve B is connected with the nozzle 7, and valve C is connected with the liquid collection cavity 4; the installation block 5 is slidably connected with the liquid collection cavity 4. By controlling the closing of valve C, the height adjustment of the installation block 5 in the liquid collection cavity 4 is realized.

[0042] The nozzle 7 is connected with the electronic valve 2.4, the liquid collection cavity 4 is connected with the electronic valve 2.4, the electronic valve 2.4 is connected with the output end of the air pump 2.2, and the air pump 2.2 is connected with the gas cylinder 2.3.

[0043] Further, the nozzle 7 is connected with the electronic valve 2.4 through a first air pipe 2.5, and the liquid collection cavity 4 is connected with the electronic valve 2.4 through a second air pipe 2.6. Both the first air pipe 2.5 and the second air pipe 2.6 are flexible hoses.

[0044] Inside the sputum aspirator body 1, there is also an integrated circuit board 2.1 installed. On the integrated circuit board 2.1, there is an adjustment system for adjusting the operating parameters of the sputum aspiration device, and a control system for controlling the closing condition of the electronic valve 2.4 is also integrated.

[0045] The nursing sputum aspiration device provided by the present invention has two different operating states, including: real-time sputum cleaning mode and sputum sampling mode; among them, the real-time sputum cleaning mode is that during the sputum aspiration process, through the combined action of heating and bubbles, the sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3 is decomposed, so as to quickly remove bacteria, and further avoid the occurrence of bacteria spreading. The sputum sampling mode is to concentrate the sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3 without additional treatment of the sputum. After the sputum aspiration work is completed, medical staff can sample the sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3, and then conduct medical tests on the sputum. In order to clearly describe the working modes of these two operating states, the following two embodiments are presented.

[0046] Embodiment 1: Real-time sputum cleaning mode;

[0047] Prepare the sputum aspirator body 1, the sputum collection bucket 3 and the connecting pipe. The connecting pipe includes a sputum aspiration pipe and a filter pipe. Then insert the sputum collection bucket 3 into the installation groove of the sputum aspirator body 1, and pour an appropriate amount of clean water into the sputum collection bucket 3. After covering the bucket lid 3.1, connect the sputum aspiration pipe and the filter pipe to the sputum inlet interface 3.2 and the anti-overflow interface 3.3 in sequence. Finally, replenish oxygen in the gas cylinder 2.3 for standby.

[0048] Remotely control the electronic valve 2.4 through the control system to open valve C, and at the same time turn on the air pump 2.2. The air pump 2.2 extracts the oxygen in the gas cylinder 2.3 and transports it to the second cavity of the liquid collection cavity 4, so that the air pressure in the second cavity is greater than the external air pressure, and then the mounting block 5 is pushed up. During the upward sliding process of the mounting block 5, the top block 9 at the top of the fixed column 8 abuts against the cover plate 3.5 until the cover plate 3.5 is pushed open, so that the notch is communicated with the inside of the sputum collection bucket 3. Control the electronic valve 2.4 to close valve C and open valve B. The air pump 2.2 passes the oxygen through valve B and nozzle 7 into the sputum collection bucket 3 in sequence.

[0049] During the assembly of the sputum collection bucket 3, the electric heating element at the sputum aspirator body 1 is electrically connected to the electric heating wire. By remotely controlling the electric heating element, the temperature of the clean water in the sputum collection bucket 3 is raised to 37 degrees and maintained at this temperature until 3 minutes after the sputum aspiration ends.

[0050] Turn on the power switch and check whether the performance of the sputum aspirator body 1 is good, including whether the negative pressure reaches the set value (the negative pressure for adult sputum aspiration is generally 40.0 - 53.3 kPa, and for children it is less than 40.0 kPa).

[0051] Eliminate the negative pressure in the sputum suction tube, gently insert the sputum suction tube into the patient's mouth or nasal cavity, open the negative pressure, gently rotate the sputum suction tube left and right and lift it upward to suck out the sputum completely. The sputum suction time each time does not exceed 15 seconds to avoid the patient from lacking oxygen.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the air pump inputs oxygen into the sputum collection bucket 3 through the valve B and the nozzle 7, the formed bubbles rise and burst in the clear water, generating a stirring effect. Among them, the stirring helps to fully mix the sputum inhaled into the sputum collection bucket 3 with the clear water, so that the sputum is diluted and dispersed.

[0053] The clear water in the sputum collection bucket 3 is heated to 37 degrees by the electric heating element and continuously maintains this temperature. The heating effect not only keeps the clear water at an appropriate temperature, but also helps to accelerate the decomposition of components such as protein and mucus in the sputum, and then makes it easier to be diluted and purified by the clear water.

[0054] In this embodiment, it should be explained that oxygen is compatible with negative pressure sputum suction. Oxygen enters the sputum collection bucket 3 in the form of bubbles through the nozzle 7, generating a stirring effect and accelerating the decomposition of sputum; at the same time, the negative pressure sputum suction mechanism sucks the sputum from the patient's body into the sputum collection bucket 3, mixes it with the clear water and is diluted and purified. This compatibility enables the real-time sputum purification mode to efficiently and safely process sputum, providing a better sputum treatment plan for clinical medicine.

[0055] Furthermore, the following effects are achieved:

[0056] (1) The stirring effect of the bubbles and the heating effect of the clear water act on the sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3 together, making it fully diluted and purified. The diluted sputum is easier to be purified, thus reducing the residue and accumulation of sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3.

[0057] (2) Through the cooperation of the bubble stirring and the heating effect, the sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3 is purified in a timely and effective manner, reducing the retention and bacterial growth of the sputum, thus helping to maintain the cleanliness of the sputum collection bucket 3 and reducing the risk of cross-infection.

[0058] (3) The real-time sputum purification mode effectively realizes the purpose of purifying the sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3 through the cooperation of heating and bubbles. This mode promotes the dilution and decomposition of sputum through the bubble stirring and heating effect, improves the sputum purification efficiency, reduces the viscosity of the sputum and the residue in the sputum collection bucket 3, and at the same time improves the cleanliness of the sputum collection bucket 3, providing a more efficient and safe sputum treatment plan for clinical medicine.

[0059] Embodiment 2: Sputum sampling mode;

[0060] Different from Embodiment 1, the air pump 2.2 and the electric heating element do not work, and the end of the fixed column 8 is in the notch but does not abut against the cover plate 3.5.

[0061] During the operation, the aspirated sputum is stored in the sputum collection bucket 3. After the sputum aspiration work is completed, the medical staff opens the bucket lid 3.1 and samples the sputum in the sputum collection bucket 3 for testing.

[0062] Here, it needs to be further explained that the adjustment system is integrated on the integrated circuit board 2.1 of the sputum aspirator body 1 and is mainly responsible for adjusting the working parameters of the sputum aspiration device, such as the negative pressure magnitude, heating temperature, bubble generation frequency, etc., to adapt to the needs of different patients and different working modes.

[0063] The main functions include: negative pressure adjustment, temperature adjustment, and bubble frequency adjustment. Among them, the negative pressure adjustment adjusts the negative pressure magnitude in the sputum aspiration tube according to the patient's age, condition, and sputum viscosity to ensure that the sputum aspiration process is both effective and safe.

[0064] The temperature adjustment adjusts the output power of the electric heating element in the real-time sputum cleaning mode, accurately controls the temperature of the clear water in the sputum collection bucket 3 at 37 degrees, and keeps it constant.

[0065] The bubble frequency adjustment adjusts the frequency of the bubbles generated by the nozzle 7 by controlling the working frequency of the air pump 2.2 and the opening time of the valve B to optimize the agitation and dilution effect of the sputum.

[0066] Implementation method: Using a microprocessor as the core control unit, receiving the parameter settings input by the user, and converting the digital signal into an analog signal through a digital-to-analog conversion circuit to control the corresponding actuators (such as air pumps, electric heating elements, electronic valves, etc.); selecting temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc. to monitor the working state of the sputum aspiration device in real time to ensure that all parameters are within the set range; designing a human-computer interaction interface, such as a touch screen or buttons, to facilitate medical staff to set and adjust the working parameters.

[0067] The control system is also integrated on the integrated circuit board 2.1 and is mainly responsible for controlling the closing of the electronic valve 2.4 and the start and stop of actuators such as the air pump 2.2 and the electric heating element to realize different working modes of the sputum aspiration device.

[0068] The main functions include mode switching, valve control, and actuator control. Among them, the mode switching switches the working mode of the sputum aspiration device (real-time sputum cleaning mode, sputum sampling mode) by receiving user input or a preset program.

[0069] The valve control controls the opening and closing of valves A, B, and C of the electronic valve 2.4 according to the working mode and working parameters to realize the switching and adjustment of the gas path.

[0070] The actuator controls the start / stop and rotation speed of the air pump 2.2, as well as the power on / off and output power of the electric heating element, to cooperate with the valve control to achieve the various functions of the sputum suction device.

[0071] Implementation method: Also use a microcontroller as the core control unit, receive user input or preset program instructions, drive actuators such as electronic valves, air pumps, and electric heating elements through output control signals; set up safety protection mechanisms such as overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, and temperature overlimit protection to ensure the safety and reliability of the sputum suction device during operation; set up integrated communication interfaces such as USB, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi to facilitate data exchange and remote monitoring with the hospital's information management system.

[0072] Taking the real-time sputum cleaning mode as an example, further illustrate the cooperation mode between the adjustment system and the control system:

[0073] S1. Receive the real-time sputum cleaning mode instruction input by the user.

[0074] S2. Control the opening of valve C of the electronic valve 2.4, and at the same time start the air pump 2.2 to deliver oxygen to the second cavity of the liquid collection chamber 4, pushing up the mounting block 5.

[0075] S3. When the top block 9 on the mounting block 5 abuts against the cover plate 3.5 and pushes open the cover plate, control the closing of valve C and open valve B, so that oxygen enters the sputum collection bucket 3 through the nozzle 7 to generate bubbles. At the same time, control the electric heating element to be powered on for heating, and raise the temperature of the clear water in the sputum collection bucket 3 to 37 degrees and keep it constant.

[0076] During the sputum suction process, monitor parameters such as negative pressure, temperature, and bubble frequency in real time to ensure the sputum suction effect and safety. After the sputum suction is completed, control the electric heating element to continue heating for 3 minutes, and then turn off all actuators to end the real-time sputum cleaning mode.

[0077] Here, further explanation is needed about the connection and heating mechanism between the electric heating element and the heating wire:

[0078] The electric heating element is fixedly installed at the liquid collection chamber 4 and is connected to the heating wire 3.4 at the bottom of the sputum collection bucket 3 through a wire or a flexible circuit board. The connection part is designed with waterproof sealing to ensure that the circuit will not be short-circuited when cleaning the sputum collection bucket 3.

[0079] When the sputum suction device is in the real-time sputum cleaning mode, after the control system receives the mode instruction, it sends a heating signal to the electric heating element through the control unit on the integrated circuit board 2.1. After receiving the signal, the electric heating element converts electrical energy into heat energy and transmits it to the heating wire 3.4 through the wire.

[0080] The heating wire 3.4 is embedded in the sealed cavity at the bottom of the sputum collection bucket 3. When an electric current passes through, the heating wire generates heat, which is transferred to the air in the sealed cavity and the bottom of the sputum collection bucket 3. Since there is clear water in the sputum collection bucket 3, the heat generated by heating the bottom gradually raises the temperature of the clear water through heat conduction.

[0081] The integrated circuit board 2.1 is integrated with a temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the clear water in the sputum collection bucket 3. When the temperature reaches the preset 37 degrees, the temperature sensor feeds back a signal to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the output power of the electric heating element to maintain the constant temperature of the clear water at 37 degrees. If the temperature exceeds the set range, the control unit will automatically turn off the electric heating element to prevent overheating.

[0082] The control system is equipped with an over-temperature protection mechanism. When the temperature exceeds the safety threshold, it will automatically cut off the power supply of the electric heating element to ensure the safety of the equipment. In addition, there are also leakage protection and short-circuit protection to prevent electrical accidents during the heating process.

[0083] Among them, the calculation expression of the temperature mathematical model for heating wire heating is:

[0084]

[0085] In the formula, T represents the temperature after heating wire heating; T0 represents the target temperature value; I 2 represents the current value; R represents the resistance value; m represents the mass of the heating wire; c p represents the specific heat capacity value of the heating wire; t represents the heating time.

[0086] Here, it needs to be further explained that the integrated circuit board 2.1 is also integrated with a pressure regulation system, specifically:

[0087] Through the preset program of the integrated circuit board, the sputum suction operation and bubble purification are divided into two independent time periods.

[0088] Sputum suction stage: The electronic valve closes the oxygen delivery passage (valves B / C are closed), and the air pump switches to the negative pressure mode to pump air from the sputum collection bucket 3 to establish a negative pressure in the sputum suction tube (40.0 - 53.3 kPa).

[0089] Purification stage: When the sputum suction is paused, the electronic valve opens the oxygen passage (valve B is open), the air pump outputs oxygen forward to the nozzle 7, and at the same time the heating wire works.

[0090] A differential pressure sensor is set in the sputum collection bucket 3 to monitor the pressure in the bucket in real time. When the detected negative pressure is insufficient, the air pump is automatically triggered for pressure boost compensation.

[0091] A dedicated negative pressure pump is added inside the sputum aspirator body, which is physically isolated from the air pump 2.2. The negative pressure pump is directly connected to the sputum collection bucket 3 through the anti-overflow interface 3.3 to establish a continuous negative pressure environment. The air pump is dedicated to oxygen delivery and generates bubbles through the nozzle 7. A one-way check valve is installed at the anti-overflow interface 3.3 to prevent the backflow of positive pressure oxygen into the negative pressure pipeline.

[0092] The outlet of the nozzle 7 is designed as a Venturi tube structure, utilizing the local negative pressure generated by the high-speed oxygen flow at the throat. When oxygen flows through the narrow throat, its velocity increases, and the gas in the sputum collection bucket 3 is brought into the mainstream through the lateral opening, forming a self-balancing effect.

[0093] Among them, the formula expression of the self-balancing effect is: In the formula: where v2 is the flow velocity at the throat, v1 is the inlet flow velocity, the pressure balance inside the bucket is maintained through the flow velocity difference, ρ is the mass density of the fluid, that is, the mass contained in the fluid per unit volume, and the international unit is kilograms per cubic meter.

[0094] The target pressure value is usually set as the ambient pressure during the normal operation of the sputum aspirator and can be monitored in real time through a pressure sensor. During the sputum aspiration process, the target pressure value may fluctuate slightly due to environmental changes and needs to be calibrated through the formula of the self-balancing effect in the control system.

[0095] Furthermore, during the sputum aspiration stage, the air pump pressure and the inlet flow velocity jointly determine the flow velocity at the throat, thereby affecting the pressure difference. The temperature of the heating wire affects the temperature of the gas at the nozzle 7, thereby affecting the flow characteristics and pressure distribution of the gas. The target pressure value is used as a reference for calibrating and monitoring the pressure changes during the operation of the sputum aspirator.

[0096] Implementation example of the pressure regulation system:

[0097] Mode startup: After selecting the real-time sputum cleaning mode, the system automatically executes:

[0098] The heating wire is preheated to 37°C (temperature controlled by PID algorithm, accuracy ±0.5°C); the negative pressure pump continuously operates to maintain a reference pressure of -40 kPa inside the sputum collection bucket 3.

[0099] Sputum aspiration stage: The electronic valve 2.4 switches to the negative pressure path (valve C opens → A closes), the air pump 2.2 pumps air to reduce the pressure inside the sputum collection bucket 3 to -53.3 kPa (adult mode), the sputum aspiration tube is inserted into the patient's airway, and a 15-second sputum aspiration operation is completed.

[0100] Purification stage: The electronic valve switches to the oxygen path (valve B opens → C closes), the air pump delivers oxygen at a flow rate of 0.2 L / min to generate microbubbles with a diameter of 50 - 100 μm. Shearing force (τ = μ(du / dy)) is generated during the rising process of the bubble group, promoting the decomposition of sputum protein.

[0101] When the pressure sensor detects that the internal pressure in the sputum collection bucket 3 > -20 kPa, the air pump is automatically cut off and an alarm is issued. The dual PT100 temperature sensors cross-verify, and in case of over-temperature (> 40 °C), the power is immediately cut off. The electronic valve (2.4) adopts a mechanical interlock design to prevent the simultaneous opening of the positive / negative pressure passages.

[0102] Through time-sharing control and physical isolation, the negative pressure fluctuation of the sputum suction tube < ±2 kPa (measured data). The sputum viscosity is reduced to 35% of the initial value (37 °C heating + microbubble effect), ensuring the purification efficiency. The mode switching response time < 0.5 seconds, meeting the continuous operation requirements of the ICU, thus improving the clinical applicability of the device.

[0103] On the premise of ensuring stable negative pressure, this solution realizes the synergistic effect of real-time sputum purification and bacteria control, meeting the clinical infection control specifications (refer to WS / T 509-2016 "Specifications for Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units").

[0104] Based on the inspiration of the ideal embodiments of the present invention as above, through the above description, relevant personnel can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A nursing sputum suction device for an intensive care unit, comprising: A sputum suction device body, a control part and a sputum collecting bucket; the control part and the sputum collecting bucket are both installed on the top of the sputum suction device body; it is characterized in that the bottom of the sputum collecting bucket has an inwardly recessed notch, a cover plate is hinged at the notch, a sealed cavity is arranged around the bottom of the sputum collecting bucket located around the notch, a heating wire is arranged in the sealed cavity; a hollow liquid collecting cavity is arranged at the sputum suction device body, a mounting block is arranged at the middle part of the liquid collecting cavity, a nozzle and a fixed column are arranged at the mounting block, the fixed column is in a right-angle shape, a right-angled side of the fixed column is located above the nozzle, and a top block is arranged on the top of the fixed column; a plurality of through holes for collecting residual liquid are arranged in a ring at the liquid collecting cavity; an electric heating element matching the heating wire is also arranged at the liquid collecting cavity.

2. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suction device body is equipped with an air pump and a gas cylinder, the input end of the air pump is connected to the gas cylinder, and the output end is connected to the nozzle; an electronic valve is additionally provided at the connecting section between the air pump and the nozzle, and the electronic valve is an electronic valve door, including valve A, valve B and valve C; the valve A is connected to the output end of the air pump, the valve B is connected to the nozzle, and the valve C is connected to the liquid collecting chamber; the mounting block is slidably connected to the liquid collecting chamber, and the height adjustment of the mounting block in the liquid collecting chamber is achieved by controlling the closing of the valve C.

3. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sputum suction device body also has an integrated circuit board built in it, on which is integrated a regulating system for adjusting the working parameters of the sputum suction device and a control system for controlling the closing condition of the electronic valve.

4. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate is provided with a sealing gasket for sealing the gap, and the sealing gasket is made of rubber material.

5. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid collecting chamber includes a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is used to temporarily store the residual liquid, and a sealing plug is provided at the bottom of the first cavity; the inner wall of the second cavity is slidably connected to the mounting block, and a gap is left between the bottom of the mounting block and the second cavity, and the mounting block can slide up and down by adjusting the air pressure in the gap.

6. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle and the electronic valve, the liquid collecting chamber and the electronic valve, the electronic valve and the output end of the air pump, and the air pump and the gas cylinder are connected to each other.

7. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the sputum collecting bucket is connected with a bucket cover by threads, and the bucket cover is provided with a sputum inlet interface and an anti-overflow interface, and the anti-overflow interface is close to the control part.

8. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the fixing column is consistent with the depth of the notch.

9. The sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top block is made of rubber or silicone material.

10. The nursing sputum suction device for intensive care unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The nozzle is connected to the electronic valve via a first air pipe, the liquid collecting chamber is connected to the electronic valve via a second air pipe, and both the first air pipe and the second air pipe are soft pipes.

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