Composition for preventing and treating continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco root black rot, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a composition for preventing and treating continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco root black rot, a preparation method and application, and the composition is prepared from biochar, organic matter, chitin, magnesium, calcium, zinc, boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese and selenium. The biochar content is 25%-30%, the organic matter content is 45%-50%, the chitin content is 0.5%-0.8%, the calcium content is 3%-4%, the magnesium content is 2%-3%, the iron content is 0.1%-0.2%, the molybdenum content is 0.5%-0.8%, the manganese content is 0.1%-0.2%, the selenium content is 0.1%-0.2%, the zinc content is 0.5%-1%, and the boron content is 1%-2%; the method has the advantages that the composition containing the charcoal, the decomposed rape seed cakes, the chitin, the zinc, the boron, the molybdenum, the iron, the manganese and the selenium is applied and interacts with one another, and the black shank and the black root rot of the continuous cropping flue-cured tobaccos can be remarkably reduced. And the used tobacco leaves are detected, so that the quality of the tobacco leaves is obviously improved, and obvious technical progress is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, and particularly relates to a composition for preventing and controlling black root rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The continuous cropping obstacle of flue-cured tobacco is an important problem in agricultural production, which is mainly caused by continuous planting of flue-cured tobacco on the same plot. The outbreak of soil-borne diseases such as black root rot of tobacco is one of the main manifestations of tobacco obstacles. Black root rot of tobacco is one of the fungal diseases that cause great harm and losses to tobacco leaves in Yunnan tobacco production. It can occur throughout the growth period of tobacco, especially during the seedling stage to the budding stage. It mainly infects the tobacco roots, showing a specific black color. The main overwintering forms of the pathogen of black root rot of tobacco are chlamydospores and endoconidia in the soil, diseased residues and manure, which become the primary infection sources after overwintering. The invasive hyphae germinated from the overwintered spores penetrate into the epidermal cells, form infection hyphae along the root surface, and then grow up and down on the root surface and inside and outside the roots, forming a large number of endoconidia and chlamydospores on the short lateral roots. These spores fall into the soil or remain on the diseased residues, becoming the reinfection sources of the current year or the primary infection sources of the next year. The resistant chlamydospores and endoconidia can survive in the soil for a long time and spread widely. The occurrence of black root rot of tobacco will have a serious impact on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, especially affecting the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, and also bringing significant economic losses to tobacco farmers.

[0003] At present, changing the continuous cropping method and adopting the rotation method is the most effective way to control the continuous cropping obstacle of tobacco and reduce soil-borne diseases. However, with the development of other crop industries, tobacco fields have been occupied, and continuous cropping is relatively common. The main manifestation of the continuous cropping obstacle is the aggravation of soil-borne diseases (represented by black root rot). The commonly used pesticide 68% metalaxyl-M manganese zinc water dispersible granules are used for prevention and control, and some antibacterial agents such as Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis are also used for inhibition, but they only treat the symptoms rather than the root cause, with poor effects and are difficult to implement on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composition for preventing and controlling black root rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco, a preparation method and an application thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A composition for preventing and controlling continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco root black rot disease, comprising biochar, organic matter, chitin, magnesium, calcium, zinc, boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese, and selenium. By mass percentage, the biochar content is 25%-30%, the organic matter content is 45%-50%, the chitin content is 0.5-0.8%, the calcium content is 3%-4%, the magnesium content is 2%-3%, the iron content is 0.1%-0.2%, the molybdenum content is 0.5%-0.8%, the manganese content is 0.1%-0.2%, the selenium content is 0.1%-0.2%, the zinc content is 0.5%-1%, and the boron content is 1%-2%.

[0006] Preferably, the raw material of the biochar is selected from activated carbon; the raw material of the organic matter is selected from decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer; the raw material of the chitin is selected from chitin additives.

[0007] Preferably, the raw material of the calcium is selected from calcium oxide; the raw material of the magnesium is selected from magnesium sulfate.

[0008] Preferably, the raw material of the iron is selected from ferric sulfate, the raw material of the molybdenum is selected from sodium molybdate, and the raw material of the manganese is selected from manganese sulfate.

[0009] Preferably, the raw material of the selenium is selected from EDTA-Se; the raw material of the zinc is selected from zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the raw material of the boron is selected from boric acid.

[0010] A preparation method of a composition for preventing and controlling continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco root black rot disease, comprising the following steps: respectively taking raw materials containing biochar, decomposed rapeseed cake, chitin, calcium, magnesium, iron, molybdenum, manganese, selenium, zinc, and boron, and mixing them evenly.

[0011] An application of a composition in preventing and controlling continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco root black rot disease.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0013] In the present invention, the biochar has the following functions: (1) improving soil structure: The biochar material can increase the porosity of the soil, improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, thereby improving the soil structure and being beneficial to the survival and activities of soil microorganisms; (2) promoting microbial activity: The biochar provides a good living environment for soil microorganisms, can promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms, and further improve the biological activity of the soil, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and the cycling of nutrients; (3) improving soil fertility: The biochar can increase the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil fertility, and at the same time, through the action of microorganisms, convert the insoluble nutrients in the soil into forms that can be absorbed by plants.

[0014] In the present invention, the decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer has the following functions: (1) Promote the growth and development of crops: Humic acid in organic matter can enhance plant respiration and improve the permeability of cell membranes, thereby enhancing the absorption of nutrients; at the same time, vitamins and some hormones in organic matter can promote the growth and development of plants; (2) Improve soil structure: Humus in organic matter is the main cementing agent for soil aggregates, which can reduce the viscosity of clayey soil, improve tillage quality, and at the same time increase the aggregation of sandy soil and improve its overly loose state; (3) Improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil: Organic colloids in organic matter carry a large number of negative charges and have strong adsorption capacity, which can adsorb a large number of cations and water, thereby improving the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil; (4) Increase soil fertility: Organic matter is the main source of soil nutrients and contains various nutrients required for crop growth, which can directly or indirectly provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and various trace elements required for crop growth; (5) Promote the activities of soil microorganisms: Soil organic matter supplies the energy and nutrients required by soil microorganisms, which is beneficial to the activities of microorganisms; (6) Increase soil temperature: Organic matter has a darker color and strong heat absorption capacity, which can increase the ground temperature and improve the soil thermal condition.

[0015] In the present invention, chitin has the following functions: (1) Improve soil quality: Chitin can increase soil organic matter and the number of microorganisms, improve soil structure and soil permeability, which is beneficial to the growth of tobacco plant roots and the absorption of nutrient elements by roots; (2) Promote plant growth: Chitin contains various plant growth hormones and trace elements, which can promote plant growth, increase plant leaf area, improve photosynthesis efficiency, and increase yield and quality; (3) Enhance plant immunity: Chitin contains components such as polypeptides and substrates, which can activate the plant immune system, enhance the plant's stress resistance and disease resistance, and reduce the impact of adversity and diseases on plants.

[0016] In the present invention, calcium has the following functions: (1) Maintaining the structure and stability of cell walls: Calcium is an important component of cell walls. By binding to pectin-like substances, it forms a stable binding structure, enhancing the mechanical strength of cell walls; (2) Promoting signal transduction: Inside plant cells, calcium ions, as signal molecules, participate in various physiological reactions; (3) Promoting cell division and growth: Calcium plays a promoting role during cell division, having a direct promoting effect on the growth and development of plants; (4) Promoting the development of plant roots: Calcium helps the growth of strong roots, making the roots more developed, thereby enhancing the stress resistance of plants and improving their drought and disease resistance; (5) Promoting the transport of nutrient elements: Calcium not only participates in the construction of cells in plants, but also promotes the mobility of elements such as phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, and enhances their utilization rate in plants; (6) Improving plant stress resistance: Calcium can regulate the water balance within plant cells, enhance the stability of cell membranes, thereby helping plants resist the invasion of pathogens such as fungi and bacteria, and also helping plants maintain a good growth state under extreme environments such as drought, high salt, and low temperature.

[0017] In the present invention, magnesium has the following functions: (1) Promoting chlorophyll synthesis: Magnesium is one of the components of chlorophyll, which can promote chlorophyll synthesis, enhance the photosynthetic ability of plants, and thus increase the growth rate and yield of plants; (2) Participating in the activation of enzymes: Magnesium participates in the activation processes of many enzymes, and these enzymes play important roles in the metabolic processes of plants. (3) Promoting protein synthesis: Magnesium is one of the components of ribosomes and participates in the protein synthesis process, which is crucial for maintaining the normal structure and function of plant cells; (4) Enhancing stress resistance: Improving the resistance of plants to adverse conditions, such as diseases, drought, cold, salts, and heavy metals

[0018] In the present invention, iron has the following functions: (1) Participating in chlorophyll synthesis: Iron is an essential element for chlorophyll synthesis; (2) Promoting crop photosynthesis: Iron not only affects the redox system in photosynthesis, but also participates in photosynthetic phosphorylation and directly participates in the reduction process of carbon dioxide; (3) Participating in the respiration of plants: Iron also participates in the respiration of plant cells. For example, peroxidase, peroxidase, etc. all contain iron, and they are all components of some enzymes related to respiration; (4) Enhancing the disease resistance of plants: Iron nutrition is beneficial to enhancing the disease resistance of some plants.

[0019] In the present invention, manganese has the following effects: (1) promoting photosynthesis: manganese participates in the structure and function of chloroplasts, is a catalyst for water photolysis, promotes the decomposition of water, releases electrons and hydrogen ions, and promotes the synthesis of carbohydrates in photosynthesis; (2) regulating enzyme metabolism: manganese is an important component of many enzymes and has an important regulatory effect on the structure and activity of enzymes. Manganese can also regulate the redox state in plants and affect the metabolic process of plants; (3) promoting plant growth: it can increase the respiratory intensity of plants, increase the assimilation of CO2, and promote the synthesis of carbohydrates, thereby promoting the growth and development of plants.

[0020] In the present invention, zinc has the following effects: (1) promoting plant growth and development: zinc is one of the trace elements necessary for plant growth, and has a significant promoting effect on plant root growth, flowering and fruiting; (2) improving plant disease resistance: zinc can promote plant photosynthesis and respiration, thicken plant cell walls, strengthen plant disease resistance, and reduce the chance of plant infection with pathogens; (3) improving crop yield and quality: zinc has a significant effect on crop growth and development and quality.

[0021] In the present invention, the boron element has the following effects: (1) promoting root growth and development: boron can promote the growth and development of crop roots, affect the normal growth of meristems at the root tip and stem growth point, and improve the oxygen supply to the roots; (2) enhancing crop stress resistance: boron can enhance crop drought and disease resistance, improve crop stress resistance, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

[0022] In the present invention, selenium has the following effects: (1) promoting plant growth and development and improving yield and quality: selenium can promote plant growth and development, increase crop yield and quality; (2) enhancing crop stress resistance: selenium can increase the activity of various enzymes in plants, comprehensively improve net photosynthetic efficiency, photosynthetic potential and material conversion efficiency, and improve the ability of plants to resist diseases; (3) promoting plant metabolism: selenium can promote metabolism in plants, help plants better adapt to environmental changes, and improve their resistance to adverse environments.

[0023] In the present invention, molybdenum has the following effects: (1) promoting plant growth: molybdenum is a component of various enzymes in plants, participates in a series of biochemical reactions in plants, and promotes plant growth and development; (2) improving crop yield and quality: by promoting plant photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, increasing the accumulation of nutrients in crops, and improving crop yield and quality; (3) improving stress resistance: by promoting the absorption of nutrients such as iron ions, increasing the photosynthetic rate, and thus improving the plant's drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1The following are photos comparing the growth of tobacco plants using the present invention and a control product (the right side is the present invention product, the left side is the control product);

[0025] Figure 2 The following are photos of field comparison tests using the present invention and a reference product (the right side is the present invention product, the left side is the reference product);

[0026] Figure 3 The following are test photos of flue-cured tobacco leaves using the product of the present invention and a reference product (the right side is the product of the present invention, and the left side is the reference product). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figures 1 - 3 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0029] Example

[0030] Weigh activated carbon, decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, chitosan additive, calcium oxide, magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, sodium molybdate, manganese sulfate, EDTA-Se, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and boric acid, mix well, and obtain the product. The obtained product has a biochar content of 25%, an organic matter content of 45% in decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, a chitosan content of 0.5%, a calcium content of 3%, a magnesium content of 2%, an iron content of 0.1%, a molybdenum content of 0.5%, a manganese content of 0.1%, a selenium content of 0.1%, a zinc content of 0.5%, and a boron content of 1%.

[0031] Implementation Case 1:

[0032] A field comparison test between the product of the present invention and 68% water-dispersible granules of mancozeb, a commonly used pesticide for the prevention and treatment of root black rot, was carried out in the main tobacco-growing areas of Yunnan Province. The tobacco was hole-fertilized at 450kg / hm2 during transplanting; the chemical pesticide was irrigated at 600-800 times the liquid on the 20th and 30th days after transplanting, and the incidence and disease index of root black rot of tobacco were investigated in accordance with the provisions of GB / T23222. The clean water control was used as CK. The investigation time was uniformly on the 27th, 34th, 41st, 48th and 55th days after transplanting the tobacco.

[0033] In 2022, a test on pesticides for the prevention and treatment of black rot of flue-cured tobacco roots was conducted in Geyi Town, Xuanwei City. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1

[0035]

[0036] In 2022, a pesticide experiment for controlling black root rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco was carried out in Baishui Town, Luxi County. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2

[0038]

[0039] In 2022, a pesticide experiment for controlling black root rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco was carried out in Anding Town, Jingdong County. The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0040] Table 3

[0041]

[0042] As can be seen from Tables 1 - 3, the experiments in three different continuous cropping tobacco-growing areas of flue-cured tobacco showed that the overall control effect of the product of the present invention on black root rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco was very close to that of chemical control (control with 8% metalaxyl-M manganese zinc water dispersible granules). Compared with the clear water control, the control effect was obvious, and it had a good application prospect.

[0043] When applying the product of the present invention, the traditional chemical control method for black root rot of flue-cured tobacco is no longer adopted, and it is applied once at the time of transplanting, saving labor, having a high application value, and being suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0044] To further verify the technical effect of the present invention, after using the product of the present invention, the microbial diversity of the tobacco-growing soil and the tobacco leaves were detected. The bacterial diversity of the tobacco-growing soil increased significantly, and the quality of the tobacco leaves was significantly improved. The experimental results are shown in Table 4 (microbial diversity of tobacco-growing soil), Table 5 (coordination of conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves after curing), and Table 6 (sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves after curing).

[0045] Table 4

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Table 5

[0049]

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Table 6

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Compared with the chemical control of tobacco black root rot (irrigation with 68% metalaxyl-m manganese zinc water dispersible granules), for the bacterial diversity and fungal diversity (ACE index, Chao1 index, Shannon index) of the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants, applying the product of the present invention can improve the microbial diversity index of the tobacco-growing soil. Among them, the fungal diversity index is increased by an average of 14.10%, and the bacterial diversity index is increased by an average of 5.30%. The improvement of microbial diversity plays an important role in maintaining soil health and ecosystem stability. For the coordination of the conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves after baking, applying the product of the present invention can improve the chemical coordination of flue-cured tobacco leaves of 5 flue-cured tobacco varieties, with an average increase of 16.67%. For the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves after baking, applying the product of the present invention can improve the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves of 5 flue-cured tobacco varieties, with an average increase of 8.81%. It is mainly manifested in increasing the aroma quantity of the smoke, improving the aroma quality, reducing the irritation and off-odor, and improving the aftertaste.

[0056] In order to further verify the scientific rationality of the technical solution of the present invention, the following tests are specifically carried out:

[0057] Example 1

[0058] Weigh activated carbon, decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, chitin additive, calcium oxide, magnesium sulfate, ferric sulfate, sodium molybdate, manganese sulfate, EDTA-Se, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, boric acid, and mix them evenly to obtain the product. In the obtained product, the biochar content is 25%, the organic matter content of the decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer is 45%, the chitin content is 0.5%, the calcium content is 3%, the magnesium content is 2%, the iron content is 0.1%, the molybdenum content is 0.5%, the manganese content is 0.1%, the selenium content is 0.1%, the zinc content is 0.5%, and the boron content is 1%.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] Without adding biochar, the rest is exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] Without adding decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, the rest is exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] Without adding chitin, the rest is exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Carry out a medicament test on the products obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 for controlling tobacco black root rot. The research results are shown in Table 7.

[0066] Table 7

[0067]

[0068] As can be seen from Table 7, without adding raw materials containing biochar, decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer or chitin, the effect of controlling black shank of flue-cured tobacco will decrease significantly. It can be seen that the various elements or substances in the composition interact with each other, and removing any one of the components will cause a significant reduction in its control effect on black shank of flue-cured tobacco.

[0069] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composition for preventing and controlling root black rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco, comprising biochar, organic matter, chitin, magnesium, calcium, zinc, boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese, and selenium, characterized in that: By mass percentage, the biochar content is 25%-30%, the organic matter content is 45%-50%, the chitin content is 0.5-0.8%, the calcium content is 3%-4%, the magnesium content is 2%-3%, the iron content is 0.1%-0.2%, the molybdenum content is 0.5%-0.8%, the manganese content is 0.1%-0.2%, the selenium content is 0.1%-0.2%, the zinc content is 0.5%-1%, and the boron content is 1%-2%.

2. The composition for preventing and treating continuous cropping tobacco black root rot according to claim 1, wherein: The raw material of the biochar is selected from activated carbon; the raw material of the organic matter is selected from decomposed rapeseed cake organic fertilizer; the raw material of the chitin is selected from chitin additives.

3. The composition for preventing and controlling root black rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: The raw material of the calcium is selected from calcium oxide; the raw material of the magnesium is selected from magnesium sulfate.

4. A composition for preventing and controlling continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco root black rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material of the iron is selected from ferric sulfate, the raw material of the molybdenum is selected from sodium molybdate, and the raw material of the manganese is selected from manganese sulfate.

5. A composition for preventing and controlling black root rot of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material of the selenium is selected from EDTA-Se; the raw material of the zinc is selected from zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the raw material of the boron is selected from boric acid.

6. A preparation method of a composition for preventing and controlling continuous cropping root black rot of flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Respectively take the raw materials containing biochar, decomposed rapeseed cake, chitin, calcium, magnesium, iron, molybdenum, manganese, selenium, zinc, and boron, and mix them evenly.

7. The application of the composition according to any one of claims 1-5 in reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of flue-cured tobacco.

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