Soil organic fertilizer with livestock manure as raw material and preparation method of soil organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a soil organic fertilizer with livestock manure as a raw material and a preparation method of the soil organic fertilizer. The soil organic fertilizer with the livestock and poultry manure as the raw material comprises the livestock and poultry manure, plant extracts, humic acid, straw carbon, ground phosphate rock and complex microbial inoculants, the plant extracts comprise tea polyphenol extracts or marigold extracts, alfalfa extracts and saponin extracts, the complex microbial inoculants comprise trichoderma and bacillus subtilis, and the humic acid is humic acid. The fertilizer is prepared through treatment in a segmented fermentation mode, and the effects of improving nitrogen utilization, improving continuous cropping obstacles and improving soil are achieved after the fertilizer is applied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and more specifically relates to a soil organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional livestock and poultry manure composting has problems such as high nitrogen loss rate and low humification efficiency, and continuous cropping soil is prone to pathogen accumulation and deterioration of physical and chemical properties. In the prior art, although adding chemical nitrogen retention agents can reduce nitrogen loss, it may inhibit the activity of microorganisms; the improvement effect of a single microbial agent on continuous cropping obstacles is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an organic fertilizer that can improve nitrogen utilization and soil microecology through the synergistic effect of natural components. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: Provide a soil organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure. By mass, the raw materials include:

[0006] 60 - 80 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1.5 - 4.5 parts of plant extract, 5 - 10 parts of humic acid, 5 - 10 parts of straw charcoal, 5 - 8 parts of phosphate rock powder, and 0.5 - 1 part of compound microbial agent;

[0007] The plant extract includes tea polyphenol extract or marigold extract, as well as alfalfa extract and saponin extract;

[0008] The compound microbial agent includes Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis.

[0009] Further, the livestock and poultry manure includes at least one of chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure.

[0010] In the present invention, the parts of the livestock and poultry manure are calculated based on dry weight.

[0011] Further, the mass ratio of Trichoderma to Bacillus subtilis is 1 - 2:3.

[0012] Further, the bacterial content of both Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis is not less than 10 8 cfu / g.

[0013] Further, the straw charcoal includes wheat straw charcoal and / or corn straw charcoal.

[0014] Further, the total phosphorus content of the phosphate rock powder is 20 - 30 wt.%.

[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the tea polyphenol extract or marigold extract, alfalfa extract and saponin extract is (2-6):(1-3):(1-3).

[0016] The second technical solution of the present invention: provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw material, and the steps include:

[0017] Add corn straw powder to the livestock and poultry manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30:1, and then use a citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the moisture content to 50-60%, and perform pre-fermentation treatment to obtain pre-fermented materials;

[0018] Inoculate a compound microbial agent into the pre-fermented materials, and perform the first fermentation treatment to obtain the first fermented materials;

[0019] Add plant extracts, humic acid and phosphate rock powder to the first fermented materials, and perform the second fermentation treatment to obtain the second fermented materials;

[0020] Mix the second fermented materials with straw charcoal, granulate after aging treatment, and dry to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

[0021] Furthermore, the citric acid content in the citric acid aqueous solution is 1-3% of the dry weight of the livestock and poultry manure.

[0022] Furthermore, the pre-fermentation treatment is to adjust the moisture content and then stand for 12-24 h.

[0023] Furthermore, the temperature of the first fermentation treatment is 50-55 °C, and the time is 5-7 days.

[0024] Furthermore, the temperature of the second fermentation treatment is 35-40 °C, and the time is 3-5 days.

[0025] Furthermore, the temperature of the aging treatment is 30-35 °C, and the time is 5-7 days.

[0026] Furthermore, the temperature of the drying is 55-60 °C, and it is dried until the moisture content ≤ 15%.

[0027] The third technical solution of the present invention: provides an application of the above-mentioned soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw material in improving continuous cropping obstacles and soil improvement.

[0028] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0029] The plant extracts, tea polyphenol extracts, and marigold extracts in the raw materials of the soil organic fertilizer of the present invention inhibit soil nitrification, reduce the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and reduce nitrogen loss. The saponin extract promotes the dispersion of manure particles through surface activity, increases the contact area of microorganisms, and the alfalfa extract promotes the absorption of nitrogen by roots. By synergistically reducing nitrogen loss in organic fertilizers from three aspects: inhibiting nitrification, promoting absorption, and increasing the contact area of microorganisms, the nitrogen utilization rate is further improved.

[0030] In the preparation method of the present invention, by adjusting the moisture content of livestock and poultry manure with a citric acid aqueous solution and combining pre-fermentation treatment, the macromolecular structure of manure in livestock and poultry manure can be effectively broken. After the first fermentation treatment, the relatively high fermentation temperature can not only kill harmful substances such as pathogens and insect eggs in livestock and poultry manure, but also further degrade macromolecular organic matter. During the second fermentation treatment, mesophilic fermentation can promote the formation of humus, which can improve the soil aggregate structure after application. At the same time, phosphate rock powder adjusts the microbial activity therein, and the relatively low fermentation temperature can avoid the inactivation of the added plant extracts. With the synergy, the effects of improving nitrogen utilization, alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, and soil improvement are achieved. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] Now, various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only used to describe specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the specification of the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0035] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. in this article, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0036] It should be noted that the aspects not described in detail in the present invention are all conventional operating means in the art and are not the focus of the present invention.

[0037] The bacterial content of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis used in the specific embodiments of the present invention is 10 9 cfu / g, provided by Shanghai Xuanya Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0038] The total phosphorus content of the phosphate rock powder used in the specific embodiments of the present invention is between 20 - 30 wt.%, provided by Jinan Jibin Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0039] The straw carbon used in the specific embodiments of the present invention is corn straw carbon, 40 - 60 mesh, provided by Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd.

[0040] The humic acid used in the specific embodiments of the present invention is provided by Shandong New Kinetic Energy Chemistry Co., Ltd.

[0041] In the specific embodiments of the present invention:

[0042] The extraction method of the tea polyphenol extract used is as follows: Green tea (commercially available) is crushed to 40 - 60 mesh, dried in an oven at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 5%, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:15 (w / v) 70% ethanol solution (adjusted to pH 4.0 with citric acid), extracted twice in a water bath at 70 °C for 60 minutes each time, with intermittent stirring (stirring once every 5 - 10 minutes), then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes, the filtrates are combined, concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 °C until the alcohol smell disappears to obtain a concentrated solution, the concentrated solution is extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate at a volume ratio of 1:2, the organic phases are combined, dried in vacuo at 45 °C, and pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain a tea polyphenol extract with a purity ≥ 95% (by HPLC method).

[0043] The extraction method of the marigold extract used is as follows: Dry and crush the marigold petals to 60 mesh, perform degreasing treatment (degrease with petroleum ether, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / mL), extract at 50°C for 1 hour), use n-hexane with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 (w / v), ultrasonic power of 300 W, extract 3 times at 40°C, 30 minutes each time, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, combine the supernatant, saponify the supernatant with 30% KOH ethanol solution (volume ratio 1:1) at 50°C for 4 hours, wash with water until neutral, concentrate, crystallize at low temperature, and purify by ethanol recrystallization to obtain the marigold extract with lutein content ≥ 3% (dry basis of raw material) and purity ≥ 90%.

[0044] The extraction method of the alfalfa extract used is as follows: Dry and crush the whole alfalfa plant to 40 mesh, sieve to remove fibers, use 70% ethanol solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 (w / v), microwave power of 500 W, temperature of 60°C, extraction time of 10 minutes, extract 3 times, combine the filtrate, concentrate under reduced pressure to 1 / 5 of the original volume at 50°C, load onto AB-8 resin (column volume: sample loading amount = 1:2), wash with water to remove impurities, elute the target components with 70% ethanol, and spray dry (inlet air temperature 180°C, outlet air temperature 80°C) to obtain the alfalfa extract with total flavonoids ≥ 4% and total saponins ≥ 6% (dry basis of raw material).

[0045] The extraction method of the saponin extract used is as follows: Crush the Chinese honey locust to 60 mesh, degrease with petroleum ether (solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g / mL), extract at 60°C for 2 hours), use 80% ethanol with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12 (w / v), reflux and extract 3 times at 85°C, 1.5 hours each time, combine the filtrate and concentrate under reduced pressure to 1 / 4 volume, add 95% ethanol to a final concentration of 70%, let stand for 12 hours to remove polysaccharides, adsorb with D101 macroporous resin, wash with water and then elute with 50% ethanol, collect the eluate, and freeze dry to obtain a white powder, thus obtaining the saponin extract with saponin content ≥ 60% (UV method).

[0046] The above solid-liquid ratio w / v is both g / mL.

[0047] In the specific implementation scheme of the present invention, the particle size of the corn straw powder used is between 40 - 60 mesh.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, normal temperature and room temperature involved in the specific implementation scheme of the present invention both refer to the range between 20 - 30°C.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the "parts" referred to in the specific implementation scheme of the present invention are all "parts by mass".

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the specific implementation scheme of the present invention are all commercially available products.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The preparation steps of the soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw materials include:

[0053] S1. Add corn straw powder to livestock and poultry manure (dry weight, 70 parts, cow dung) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1. Subsequently, use a citric acid aqueous solution (citric acid content is 3% of the dry weight of livestock and poultry manure) to adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and perform pre-fermentation treatment and let it stand for 24 hours to obtain pre-fermented materials.

[0054] S2. Add 1 part of compound microbial agent (the mass ratio of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis is 1:3) to the pre-fermented materials, and keep the temperature between 50 - 55°C for the first fermentation treatment for 7 days to obtain the first fermented materials.

[0055] S3. Add 4.5 parts of plant extracts (the mass ratio of tea polyphenol extract, alfalfa extract and saponin extract is 6:3:3), 10 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of phosphate rock powder to the first fermented materials, and keep the temperature between 35 - 40°C for the second fermentation treatment for 5 days to obtain the second fermented materials.

[0056] S4. Mix the second fermented materials with 10 parts of straw charcoal, keep the temperature between 30 - 35°C for aging treatment for 7 days and then granulate (particle size 2 - 4 mm), and keep the temperature between 55 - 60°C for drying until the moisture content ≤ 15% to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The preparation steps of the soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw materials include:

[0059] S1. Add corn straw powder to livestock and poultry manure (dry weight, 80 parts, cow dung) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1. Subsequently, use a citric acid aqueous solution (citric acid content is 1% of the dry weight of livestock and poultry manure) to adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and perform pre-fermentation treatment and let it stand for 12 hours to obtain pre-fermented materials.

[0060] S2. Add 0.5 part of compound microbial agent (the mass ratio of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis is 2:3) to the pre-fermented materials, and keep the temperature between 50 - 55°C for the first fermentation treatment for 5 days to obtain the first fermented materials.

[0061] S3. Add 4.5 parts of plant extracts (the mass ratio of marigold extract, alfalfa extract and saponin extract is 6:3:3), 5 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of phosphate rock powder to the first fermented materials, and keep the temperature between 35 - 40°C for the second fermentation treatment for 3 days to obtain the second fermented materials.

[0062] S4. Mix the second fermentation material with 5 parts of straw carbon, age it at a temperature between 30 - 35 °C for 5 days, then granulate (particle size 2 - 4 mm), and dry it at a temperature between 55 - 60 °C until the moisture content ≤ 15% to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The preparation steps of the soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw materials include:

[0065] S1. Add corn straw powder to livestock and poultry manure (dry weight, 60 parts, cow dung) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, then use a citric acid aqueous solution (citric acid content is 1% of the dry weight of livestock and poultry manure) to adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and pre-ferment and let it stand for 18 h to obtain the pre-fermented material;

[0066] S2. Add 1 part of compound microbial agent (the mass ratio of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis is 1:3) to the pre-fermented material, and carry out the first fermentation treatment at a temperature between 50 - 55 °C for 7 days to obtain the first fermentation material;

[0067] S3. Add 1.5 parts of plant extract (the mass ratio of marigold extract, alfalfa extract and saponin extract is 6:1:3), 5 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of phosphate rock powder to the first fermentation material, and carry out the second fermentation treatment at a temperature between 35 - 40 °C for 5 days to obtain the second fermentation material;

[0068] S4. Mix the second fermentation material with 10 parts of straw carbon, age it at a temperature between 30 - 35 °C for 7 days, then granulate (particle size 2 - 4 mm), and dry it at a temperature between 55 - 60 °C until the moisture content ≤ 15% to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no plant extract is added. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] S1. Add corn straw powder to livestock and poultry manure (dry weight, 70 parts, cow dung) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, then use a citric acid aqueous solution (citric acid content is 3% of the dry weight of livestock and poultry manure) to adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and pre-ferment and let it stand for 24 h to obtain the pre-fermented material;

[0072] S2. Add 1 part of compound microbial agent (the mass ratio of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis is 1:3) to the pre-fermented material, and carry out the first fermentation treatment at a temperature between 50 - 55 °C for 7 days to obtain the first fermentation material;

[0073] S3. Add 10 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of phosphate rock powder to the first fermentation material, and carry out the second fermentation treatment for 5 days while maintaining the temperature between 35 - 40 °C to obtain the second fermentation material;

[0074] S4. Mix the second fermentation material with 10 parts of straw charcoal, carry out the aging treatment for 7 days while maintaining the temperature between 30 - 35 °C, then granulate (particle size 2 - 4 mm), and dry at a temperature between 55 - 60 °C until the moisture content ≤ 15% to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of tea polyphenol extract is omitted, that is, the addition amount of plant extract is 2.25 parts, and the mass ratio of alfalfa extract to saponin extract is 1:1.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of alfalfa extract is omitted, that is, the addition amount of plant extract is 3.375 parts, and the mass ratio of tea polyphenol extract to saponin extract is 2:1.

[0079] Comparative Example 4

[0080] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of saponin extract is omitted, that is, the addition amount of plant extract is 3.375 parts, and the mass ratio of tea polyphenol extract to alfalfa extract is 2:1.

[0081] Comparative Example 5

[0082] The preparation steps of the soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw materials include:

[0083] S1. Add corn straw powder to livestock and poultry manure (dry weight, 70 parts, cow dung) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, and then use a citric acid aqueous solution (citric acid content is 3% of the dry weight of livestock and poultry manure) to adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and carry out the pre-fermentation treatment and let it stand for 24 h to obtain the pre-fermentation material;

[0084] S2. Inoculate 1 part of compound microbial agent (the mass ratio of Trichoderma viride to Bacillus subtilis is 1:3) into the pre-fermentation material, and carry out the first fermentation treatment for 7 days while maintaining the temperature between 50 - 55 °C to obtain the first fermentation material;

[0085] S3. Add 4.5 parts of plant extract (the mass ratio of tea polyphenol extract, alfalfa extract and saponin extract is 6:3:3), 10 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of phosphate rock powder to the first fermentation material, and carry out the second fermentation treatment for 5 days while maintaining the temperature between 50 - 55 °C to obtain the second fermentation material;

[0086] S4. Mix the second fermented material with 10 parts of straw carbon, age it at a temperature between 50 - 55°C for 7 days, then granulate it (particle size 2 - 4 mm), and dry it at a temperature between 55 - 60°C until the moisture content ≤ 15% to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

[0087] Comparative Example 6

[0088] The preparation steps of the soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw materials include:

[0089] S1. Add corn straw powder to livestock and poultry manure (dry weight, 70 parts, cow manure) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, then use a citric acid aqueous solution (citric acid content is 3% of the dry weight of livestock and poultry manure) to adjust the moisture content to between 50 - 60%, and pre-ferment and let it stand for 24 h to obtain the pre-fermented material;

[0090] S2. Add 1 part of compound microbial agent (the mass ratio of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis is 1:3) to the pre-fermented material, then add 4.5 parts of plant extracts (the mass ratio of tea polyphenol extract, alfalfa extract and saponin extract is 6:3:3), 10 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of phosphate rock powder, and ferment at a temperature between 50 - 55°C for 7 days to obtain the fermented material;

[0091] S3. Mix the fermented material with 10 parts of straw carbon, age it at a temperature between 30 - 35°C for 7 days, then granulate it (particle size 2 - 4 mm), and dry it at a temperature between 55 - 60°C until the moisture content ≤ 15% to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

[0092] Test Example

[0093] Select a plot with continuous corn cropping for five years, design 10 groups, with 3 replicates in each group, and each replicate is 40 m 2 , select the soil at 0 - 20 cm for detection, and the physical and chemical properties are shown in Table 1.

[0094] Apply the soil organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 6 as base fertilizers respectively. Use no fertilizer application as the control group, set up isolation belts to prevent cross-influence of fertility, randomly arrange between replicates, the application rate is 500 kg / acre (dry weight), after application, carry out rotary tillage treatment with a tillage depth of 30 cm, then plant corn. Except for the difference in base fertilizer application among each group, the same field management measures are adopted. The physical and chemical properties of the soil after harvest are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Table 1

[0096]

[0097] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, in Comparative Example 1 without the addition of plant extracts, the reduction of nitrate nitrogen is limited, indicating that plant extracts play a key role in nitrification inhibition. In Comparative Example 2 with a reduction in tea polyphenol extracts, the ammonium nitrogen retention rate decreased and the nitrate nitrogen increased compared to Comparative Example 1. In Comparative Example 3 with a reduction in alfalfa extracts, the microbial diversity and aggregate structure in the soil decreased significantly. In Comparative Example 4 with a reduction in saponin extracts, the increase in available phosphorus and available potassium was slightly insufficient. In Comparative Examples 5 and 6, fermentation treatment under high-temperature conditions inactivated the plant extracts, and thus the soil improvement effect was significantly different from that of other groups. In the blank control group, due to the absence of any organic fertilizer, soil acidification, nutrient depletion, and continuous cropping obstacles were aggravated. It can be seen that the three plant extracts with different functions selected in the present invention have a synergistic effect, and the three improvement directions of inhibiting nitrification + promoting nitrogen absorption + promoting dispersion are indispensable. The temperature needs to be strictly controlled at 35 - 40 °C in the second fermentation stage. High temperature (Comparative Examples 5 - 6) inactivates the extracts, thereby affecting the final physical and chemical properties of the soil. It can be seen that the examples of the present invention can significantly improve soil fertility and continuous cropping resistance through the synergistic mechanism of "inhibiting nitrification - promoting absorption - enhancing microorganisms".

[0098] The nitrogen content of the plants harvested from each group was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and the total nitrogen application amount of the soil organic fertilizers applied to each group was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The apparent nitrogen utilization rate was calculated according to formula (1), and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0099] Apparent nitrogen utilization rate (%) = (nitrogen content of plants - nitrogen content of plants in the blank control group) / total nitrogen application amount of fertilizer (1)

[0100] Table 2

[0101]

[0102] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, in Examples 1 - 3, due to the addition of plant extracts and the adoption of a staged fermentation process, the total nitrogen application amount was significantly higher than that of the comparative example group; the raw material dosages of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 were similar, but due to the difference in plant extracts, the total nitrogen amount decreased; the apparent nitrogen utilization rate of Example 1 was the highest, benefiting from the nitrification inhibition of plant extracts, reducing nitrogen loss, and promoting organic nitrogen mineralization during staged fermentation; in Comparative Example 5, the utilization rate decreased significantly due to the destruction of the extract activity by high temperature. Considering the data in Table 2 comprehensively, it shows that the selection of raw materials and the preparation method of the present invention have a synergistic effect and can improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.

[0103] During the growth process of corn, the plant height at the jointing stage, the chlorophyll SPAD value at the silking stage, the stem diameter at the maturity stage, the incidence of northern leaf blight, the disease index of stalk rot, the dry weight of harvested grains, and the straw yield were counted, as shown in Table 3 for details.

[0104] The incidence rate of northern leaf blight was calculated by randomly selecting 50 corn plants from each replicate. According to: incidence rate (%) = number of diseased plants / total number of surveyed plants, the incidence rate of each replicate was calculated, and then the average value was calculated.

[0105] Stem rot disease index:

[0106] The disease grading standard was based on the area of the disease spot on the stem of a single plant or the degree of tissue necrosis for grading:

[0107] Grade 0: No disease spot; Grade 1: The area of the disease spot at the base of the stem ≤ 10%; Grade 2: The disease spot area is 11% - 25%; Grade 3: The disease spot area is 26% - 50%; Grade 4: The disease spot area > 50% or the plant is lodged.

[0108] Randomly survey 50 plants from each replicate, record the number of diseased plants at each level, calculate the stem rot disease index according to formula (2), and calculate the average value.

[0109] Stem rot disease index = ∑(number of diseased plants at each level × representative value of that level) / (total number of surveyed plants × representative value of the highest level) (2)

[0110] Table 3

[0111]

[0112] It can be seen from the data in Table 3 that the plant height of Example 1 was the highest, significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and the blank control, indicating that the plant extract and humic acid synergistically promoted early growth. The plant heights of Comparative Examples 5 - 6 were the lowest, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply due to low nitrogen utilization efficiency. The chlorophyll value of Example 1 was the highest, reflecting sufficient nitrogen accumulation in the leaves (tea polyphenols inhibited nitrogen loss, and alfalfa promoted absorption). The chlorophyll synthesis of the blank control was severely restricted due to poor soil fertility. The stem diameter of Example 1 was significantly better than that of other groups. Saponins enhanced microbial decomposition, and rock phosphate promoted the absorption of phosphorus and potassium, making the stems stronger. The stem diameter of Comparative Example 4 (with reduced saponins) was only [value], and the straw structure was fragile and prone to lodging. The incidence rate of northern leaf blight in Example 1 was only 8.2%. Due to the improvement of soil aggregate structure (Table 1) and microbial diversity inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, the incidence rate of the blank control was as high as 52.4%, and the continuous cropping obstacle was significant. The stem rot disease index of Example 1 was the lowest. Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis inhibited soil-borne diseases. In Comparative Example 6, due to process failure, the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria got out of control. The dry weight of the grains in Example 1 increased significantly compared with the blank control, verifying the comprehensive advantages of efficient nitrogen utilization and improved disease resistance. The straw yield of Example 1 reflected the overall optimization of plant biomass, and saponins and humic acid synergistically enhanced the conversion efficiency of organic matter.

[0113] In this specification, each example is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each example is to illustrate the differences from other examples. For the same or similar parts among the examples, reference can be made to each other.

[0114] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A soil organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that, By mass parts, the raw materials include: 60 - 80 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1.5 - 4.5 parts of plant extract, 5 - 10 parts of humic acid, 5 - 10 parts of straw carbon, 5 - 8 parts of phosphate rock powder, and 0.5 - 1 part of compound microbial agent; The plant extract includes tea polyphenol extract or marigold extract, as well as alfalfa extract and saponin extract; The compound microbial agent includes Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis.

2. The soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry manure includes at least one of chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure; and / or, the straw carbon includes wheat straw carbon and / or corn straw carbon.

3. The soil organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis is 1-2:3; and / or, the bacterial content of both the Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis is not less than 10 8 cfu / g.

4. The soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total phosphorus content of the phosphate rock powder is 20 - 30 wt.%; and / or, the mass ratio of the tea polyphenol extract or marigold extract, alfalfa extract, and saponin extract is (2 - 6):(1 - 3):(1 - 3).

5. A method for preparing a soil organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure as raw material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the steps It includes: Adding corn straw powder to the livestock and poultry manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25 - 30:1, then using citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the moisture content to 50 - 60%, and performing pre-fermentation treatment to obtain pre-fermented material; Inoculating the compound microbial agent into the pre-fermented material and performing the first fermentation treatment to obtain the first fermented material; Adding the plant extract, humic acid, and phosphate rock powder to the first fermented material and performing the second fermentation treatment to obtain the second fermented material; Mixing the second fermented material with straw carbon, granulating after aging treatment, and drying to obtain the soil organic fertilizer.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The citric acid content in the citric acid aqueous solution is 1 - 3% of the dry weight of the livestock and poultry manure.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pre-fermentation treatment is to stand for 12 - 24 h after adjusting the moisture content.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature of the first fermentation treatment is 50 - 55 °C and the time is 5 - 7 days; and / or, the temperature of the second fermentation treatment is 35 - 40 °C and the time is 3 - 5 days.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein The temperature of the aging treatment is 30 - 35 °C and the time is 5 - 7 days; and / or, the temperature of the drying is 55 - 60 °C, and drying until the moisture content ≤ 15%.

10. Application of a soil organic fertilizer with livestock and poultry manure as the raw material according to any one of claims 1 - 4 in improving continuous cropping obstacles and soil improvement.

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