Individual tooth and dentition periodontal state in-situ detection system and detection method based on intelligent tooth socket

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to an individual tooth and dentition periodontal state in-situ detection system based on an intelligent tooth socket, the detection system comprises a tooth socket body, the tooth socket body is a customized double-layer tooth socket based on human dentition form digital modeling, the tooth socket is characterized in that the micro-detection sensitive periodontal sensor is directly integrated in the inner layer of the tooth socket body, the micro-fluidic chip is mounted in the hollow part of the tooth socket body, the micro-fluidic chip and the micro-detection sensitive periodontal sensor are connected through the capillary channel, and gingival sulcus liquid is transmitted by the capillary channel and is transported to the micro-detection sensitive periodontal sensor. According to the invention, the periodontal sensor and the tooth socket are integrated, the periodontal state of individual teeth and dentition can be accurately detected according to the personalized design of the tooth socket, and the micro-fluidic equipment is used for pump-free self-driven transmission of multi-tooth gingival crevicular fluid and the electrochemical sensor is used for detecting periodontal related biomarkers. The device can be used for diagnosis grading of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, reconstruction monitoring of periodontal tissue in the orthodontic treatment process and periodontal health monitoring, and the problems that at present, a gingival crevicular fluid in-situ detection device is lacked, and the periodontal state of each tooth position is difficult to determine are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular relates to an in-situ detection system and method for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on intelligent braces. Background Art

[0002] Periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic inflammatory disease worldwide, characterized by damage to the teeth and their supporting tissues. It not only affects oral health but is also closely associated with several systemic diseases. Because the disease lacks obvious clinical symptoms in its early stages and during its progression, patients can miss the optimal time for treatment, leading to permanent damage. Therefore, early diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis progression are crucial for disease prevention and control. In general dental practice, periodontal disease diagnosis remains poor, resulting in relatively low treatment intervention rates and a large number of untreated cases. Current diagnosis relies on imprecise, subjective clinical examinations performed by dental professionals based on oral tissue condition (color, swelling, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and bone loss as measured by oral X-rays). These conventional methods are time-consuming, and some of the techniques used (pocket depth, X-rays) reflect historical events, such as past disease activity rather than current disease activity or susceptibility to other diseases. Therefore, a more objective, faster, more accurate, and easier-to-use diagnosis, preferably one that can also be performed by non-experts, is desired. Consequently, it is desirable to measure current disease activity and, if possible, a subject's susceptibility to other periodontal diseases.

[0003] Periodontal remodeling is the fundamental biological process underlying tooth movement during orthodontic treatment, primarily manifested by the continuous remodeling and adaptive remodeling of the periodontium. During this process, the dynamic changes of local inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and regeneration directly determine the efficacy and safety of orthodontic treatment. However, because the molecular and cellular activities of periodontal remodeling often occur at the microscopic level, its early features often lack obvious clinical symptoms, making it easily overlooked or even misdiagnosed, potentially leading to permanent damage to the periodontium. Current periodontal remodeling testing relies on comprehensive assessment of periodontal status (such as gum color, swelling, bleeding tendency, periodontal pocket depth, and alveolar bone changes on radiographic examinations) by dental professionals. These diagnostic methods are not only highly subjective but also primarily reflect historical pathological features rather than current periodontal remodeling activity. Furthermore, traditional diagnostic methods are time-consuming and require high equipment and technical expertise, making early intervention and dynamic monitoring difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more objective, rapid, accurate, easy-to-use, and chairside diagnostic technologies that can provide real-time insights into the dynamics of periodontal remodeling and guide personalized orthodontic treatment.

[0004] Peri-implantitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the soft tissue around implants and destruction of bone tissue. It is a common complication of dental implant restorations. Its high incidence not only affects the long-term success rate of implants, but may also lead to implant loss, seriously affecting the patient's oral health and quality of life. Because peri-implantitis often lacks obvious clinical symptoms in the early stages and traditional diagnosis relies on subjective assessments by dental professionals, the disease is often diagnosed late, increasing the difficulty and cost of treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of peri-implantitis are of great significance for preventing disease progression and improving treatment outcomes. In general dental practice, the diagnosis of peri-implantitis mainly relies on clinical examinations (such as redness and swelling of the soft tissue around implants, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth) and radiographic assessments (such as bone resorption). These methods have significant limitations: 1. High subjectivity: Diagnostic results rely heavily on the operator's experience, making consistency and accuracy difficult to guarantee; 2. Reflection of historical lesions: Traditional examination methods primarily reveal past bone tissue destruction rather than current disease activity; 3. Time-consuming and inconvenient: Complex procedures or expensive equipment are required, preventing real-time and portable testing; 4. Lack of specificity: Distinguishing peri-implantitis from other periodontal diseases is difficult, especially in the early stages of mild inflammation. Therefore, a more objective, efficient, sensitive, and easy-to-use test method is urgently needed that can reflect the early inflammation and dynamic changes of peri-implantitis and help dentists develop scientific treatment plans.

[0005] Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a biofluid originating from the space between the gums and teeth, and its composition is closely related to the status of periodontal tissues. Studies have shown that GCF contains a large number of biomarkers related to periodontal tissue status, including cytokines (such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) and bone metabolism markers (such as nuclear factor-κB receptor activator and osteoprotegerin). Due to its proximity to periodontal lesions and its sensitive compositional changes, GCF is considered an important diagnostic medium for periodontal health. GCF has long been considered a diagnostic fluid for oral and general diseases, and with the advent of miniaturized biosensors (also known as lab-on-a-chip), it has garnered greater scientific and clinical attention for rapid, chairside diagnostics. However, due to the limited sample size of GCF, it is currently not possible to independently extract GCF from individual teeth for accurate diagnosis down to the tooth position.

[0006] Currently, gingival crevicular fluid biomarker detection in clinical research is typically performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunofluorescence assays. These methods suffer from disadvantages such as expensive equipment, high reagent consumption, low efficiency, and inconvenience of chairside operation. In recent years, wearable electronics and microfluidics have been recognized as among the most promising clinical diagnostic platforms due to their high volumetric efficiency, low sample consumption, and ability to integrate other functional components. Among various strategies for converting biochemical information into measurable signals, electrochemical methods stand out due to their high sensitivity and low detection limits, and electrodes of varying sizes and types can be easily integrated into microfluidic chips. Therefore, the combination of microfluidics and electrochemical sensing technologies presents an attractive diagnostic and analytical platform, particularly for point-of-care testing (POCT) disease diagnosis and detection.

[0007] With advances in materials science and sensor technology, several laboratory-based biosensors are now available for diagnosing periodontitis. However, these biosensors are either limited to detecting saliva and unable to precisely locate diseased teeth; or they utilize paper-based sensors that determine disease status through color changes, resulting in limited sensitivity; or they can only be used in the laboratory, making them difficult to operate and perform at-the-side testing. To our knowledge, no microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor can achieve the high sensitivity and specificity required for simultaneous detection of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid from all tooth sites using point-of-care testing (POCT) technology for comprehensive diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal status. Therefore, we propose a system and method for in situ detection of periodontal status to address these challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ detection system and method for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0009] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: An in-situ detection system for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces, the detection system includes a brace body, which is a customized double-layer brace based on digital modeling of the human dentition morphology, a micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is installed on the inner layer of the brace body, a microfluidic chip is installed in the hollow part of the brace body, the microfluidic chip and the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor are connected through a capillary channel, and the capillary channel is used to transmit gingival sulcus liquid and transport it to the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor, the brace body matches the shape of individual teeth and dentitions and encapsulates the insulating microfluidic chip and the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor. Sensitive periodontal sensor, the detection system also includes a user interface for presenting marker signal reports and periodontal status to the user, the interface is part of the system or a remote interface, a wireless transmission module for transmitting the electrical signals received by the user interface to a remote server or the user's mobile device, a power management system for providing a stable power supply for the electronic components in the braces, a data processing unit for analyzing the signals received from the electrochemical sensor and converting them into concentration data of periodontal biomarkers, and a deep learning algorithm module for diagnosing the periodontal status based on the detected concentration of the biomarkers.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the microfluidic chip includes multiple microchannels, a circular detection antibody deposition area, a serpentine mixing area and a circular capture antibody coating area. The multiple microchannels are used to extract gingival crevicular fluid, which extracts and transports gingival crevicular fluid through a micropore close to the gingival margin. The circular detection antibody deposition area is used to deposit and store detection antibodies for biomarkers. The serpentine mixing area is used to ensure that the detection antibodies and gingival crevicular fluid are fully contacted and mixed. The capture antibody coating area is used to fix the capture antibodies and detect biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is prepared by the following method: Step 1: CO2 laser induces the formation of graphene electrodes on polyimide film; Step 2: Electrodepositing gold nanoparticles on the graphene electrode to prepare a composite electrode; Step 3: Soak the composite electrode in an anhydrous ethanol solution of 0.5 mM 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 1 mM mercaptoethanol overnight to form a self-assembled monolayer; Step 4: Incubate the electrode in anhydrous morpholinoethanesulfonic acid buffer containing 10 μl of 0.4 M N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 0.1 M N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt for 35 minutes. Step 5: Capture antibody was dripped onto the electrode and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 hours, followed by blocking with 1.0% bovine serum albumin for 1 hour.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the detection antibody deposition area is prepared by the following method: Step 1: Activate 20 nm carboxylic acid-functionalized PEGylated gold nanoparticles using a mixed solution of EDC / Sulfo-NHS in 10 mM MES buffer for 30 minutes, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant. Step 2: Add 50 μg / mL polystreptavidin R and cross-link at room temperature for 1 hour, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant; Step 3: Incubate with 5 μg mL biotinylated detection antibody in 1.0% BSA prepared in 1X PBS for 1 hour at room temperature, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant. Step 4: The carboxyl groups of polystreptavidin R on the gold nanoparticles and the detection antibody were activated with a mixed solution of EDC / Sulfo-NHS in 10 mM MES buffer for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation and washing; Step 5: The gold nanoparticles were incubated with 100 μM thionine for 1 hour. The final conjugate was washed with PBST, centrifuged, reconstituted in 1% BSA, and filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter to remove all aggregates.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is integrated into the capture antibody coating area of ​​the microfluidic chip. The micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is based on the sandwich principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and is used to detect gingival sulcus fluid extracted by the microfluidic chip.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the dental brace body detects all biomarkers of periodontal inflammation and periodontal remodeling, including but not limited to interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, hemoglobin and interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage colony stimulating factor, aspartate aminotransferase and any combination thereof.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the detection method includes a method for accurately locating the periodontal status of each tooth, the method comprising: Independently extract gingival crevicular fluid from each tooth in the human oral cavity; In situ detecting the presence and concentration of the biomarker in the sample by contacting the gingival crevicular fluid with the antibody detection reagent in the corresponding detection unit and detecting the binding between each biomarker and the detection reagent; Real-time conversion and transmission of signals; The concentrations thereof were compared with the concentration thresholds of the biomarkers for various periodontal statuses in existing studies to evaluate the periodontal status of various teeth in humans.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the detection method also includes a method for diagnosing whether individual teeth and dentitions of humans suffer from periodontitis by in situ extraction of gingival crevicular fluid, the method comprising: extracting gingival crevicular fluid in the human oral cavity, detecting inflammatory markers in the human gingival crevicular fluid sample, to evaluate the presence of periodontitis in the patient.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the detection method also includes a method for monitoring the periodontal remodeling status, periodontal remodeling rate and periodontal health of orthodontic patients by in situ extraction of gingival crevicular fluid, the method comprising: extracting gingival crevicular fluid in the oral cavity of an orthodontic patient, detecting periodontal remodeling and periodontal inflammation biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid sample of the orthodontic patient to evaluate the periodontal remodeling status and rate and monitor the periodontal health of the patient.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the detection system is based on in situ gingival sulcus fluid extraction technology, and achieves early diagnosis of peri-implantitis by quantitatively analyzing specific inflammatory mediators in peri-implant gingival sulcus fluid samples, while monitoring pathological changes in periodontal tissues around crown restorations. The method includes three core steps: collecting peri-implant gingival sulcus fluid samples, detecting the concentration gradient of key biomarkers, and establishing an inflammation degree assessment model.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the detection system can not only be integrated with personalized braces, but also can be integrated with bracketless invisible braces for orthodontic treatment; the bracketless invisible braces includes an appliance body, the appliance body is a transparent double-layer structure, the inner layer of which is integrated with a micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor, and a microfluidic chip is installed in the hollow part, and the microfluidic chip is connected to the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor through capillary channels for transmitting gingival sulcus fluid and transporting it to the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the detection braces are individually designed to perform precise tooth position detection for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions.

[0021] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are: It is of great significance for the diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and periodontal remodeling and periodontal health during orthodontic treatment. It solves the problems of traditional detection methods such as high cost, need for professional personnel, complex operation, and disadvantages of chairside operation. A microfluidic device is used to extract gingival crevicular fluid from each tooth and sequentially transport it to the detection antibody deposition area, the serpentine mixing channel, and the capture antibody coating area. After reacting with the electrochemical sensor, the periodontal health status of each tooth is obtained based on the current signal. Integrating microfluidic electrochemical sensors into personalized braces or bracketless invisible braces allows for simple detection and rapid detection of the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions. This is a non-invasive method for immediate detection of periodontal status. This provides a new method for predicting periodontitis progression and guiding periodontitis treatment using POCT in the future; The braces are designed to be integrated with sensors and can also be integrated with bracketless invisible braces, which broadens the application prospects of braces. Braces can detect individual teeth and the entire dentition, and can be adjusted according to the user's actual needs, which is more conducive to the user's periodontal status detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a full-dentition brace detected by an in-situ detection system for individual teeth and periodontal status of a dentition based on smart braces provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the system flow of an in-situ detection system for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the prepared micro-sensitive periodontitis sensor gold nanoparticles-laser-induced graphene; Figure 4 Energy dispersive X-ray spectra of gold nanoparticle-laser-induced graphene for the fabricated micro-sensitive periodontitis sensor; Figure 5 Square wave voltammograms of the micro-sensitive periodontitis sensor for identifying different concentrations of the periodontitis marker MMP-8.

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a microfluidic electrochemical sensor for detecting periodontal remodeling based on gingival crevicular fluid for orthodontic use and a method for preparing the same, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Scanning electron microscopy image of the prepared orthodontic periodontal detection sensor gold nanoparticles-laser induced graphene; Figure 8 Energy dispersive X-ray spectra of gold nanoparticle-laser-induced graphene for orthodontic periodontal detection sensor; Figure 9 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of laser-induced graphene modified with gold nanoparticles, monolayers, and capture antibodies for orthodontic periodontal detection sensors; Figure 10 Raman spectrum of gold nanoparticles modified with laser-induced graphene for orthodontic periodontal detection sensors; Figure 11 Square wave voltammograms of different concentrations of RANKL, a bone remodeling marker, for orthodontic periodontal detection sensors; Figure 12 A single crown design diagram of a gingival crevicular fluid electrochemical sensor for peri-implantitis detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 A bridge design diagram of a gingival crevicular fluid electrochemical sensor for peri-implantitis detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 Scanning electron microscopy image of gold nanoparticle-laser-induced graphene for the fabricated peri-implantitis sensor; Figure 15 Energy dispersive X-ray spectra of the prepared peri-implantitis sensor gold nanoparticle-laser-induced graphene; Figure 16 Square wave voltammograms of the peri-implantitis sensor recognizing different concentrations of the inflammatory marker IL-1β.

[0024] In the figure: 1.1 braces, 1.2 input end, 1.3 detection antibody deposition area, 1.4 serpentine mixing area, 1.5 capture antibody coating area, 1.6 reference electrode, 1.7 counter electrode, 1.8 working electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0026] See also Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides an in-situ detection system for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces. The detection system includes a brace body, which is a customized double-layer brace based on digital modeling of the human dentition morphology. A micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is installed on the inner layer of the brace body. A microfluidic chip is installed in the hollow part of the brace body. The microfluidic chip and the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor are connected by capillary channels. The capillary channels are used to transmit gingival sulcus fluid and transport it to the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor. The brace body matches the shape of all teeth and encapsulates the insulated microfluidic chip and micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor. The detection system also includes a user interface for presenting marker signal reports and periodontal status to the user. The interface is part of the system or a remote interface. A wireless transmission module is used to transmit electrical signals received by the user interface to a remote server or the user's mobile device. A power management system is used to provide stable power to the electronic components in the brace. A data processing unit is used to analyze the signals received from the electrochemical sensor and convert them into concentration data of periodontal biomarkers. A deep learning algorithm module is used to diagnose the periodontal status based on the detected concentration of the biomarkers.

[0027] The microfluidic chip includes multiple microchannels, a circular detection antibody deposition area, a serpentine mixing area and a circular capture antibody coating area. The multiple microchannels are used to extract gingival crevicular fluid, which extracts and transports gingival crevicular fluid through micropores close to the gingival margin. The circular detection antibody deposition area is used to deposit and store detection antibodies for biomarkers. The serpentine mixing area is used to ensure that the detection antibodies and gingival crevicular fluid are fully contacted and mixed. The capture antibody coating area is used to fix the capture antibodies and detect biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid.

[0028] An in-situ detection system for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces is provided. The micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is prepared by the following method: Step 1: CO2 laser induces the formation of graphene electrodes on polyimide film; Step 2: Electrodepositing gold nanoparticles on the graphene electrode to prepare a composite electrode; Step 3: Soak the composite electrode in an anhydrous ethanol solution of 0.5 mM 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 1 mM mercaptoethanol overnight to form a self-assembled monolayer; Step 4: Incubate the electrode in anhydrous morpholinoethanesulfonic acid buffer containing 10 μl of 0.4 M N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 0.1 M N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt for 35 minutes. Step 5: Capture antibody was dripped onto the electrode and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 hours, followed by blocking with 1.0% bovine serum albumin for 1 hour.

[0029] An in-situ detection system for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces, wherein the detection antibody deposition area is prepared by the following method: Step 1: Activate 20 nm carboxylic acid-functionalized PEGylated gold nanoparticles using a mixed solution of EDC / Sulfo-NHS in 10 mM MES buffer for 30 minutes, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant. Step 2: Add 50 μg / mL polystreptavidin R and cross-link at room temperature for 1 hour, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant; Step 3: Incubate with 5 μg mL biotinylated detection antibody in 1.0% BSA prepared in 1X PBS for 1 hour at room temperature, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant. Step 4: The carboxyl groups of polystreptavidin R on the gold nanoparticles and the detection antibody were activated with a mixed solution of EDC / Sulfo-NHS in 10 mM MES buffer for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation and washing; Step 5: The gold nanoparticles were incubated with 100 μM thionine for 1 hour. The final conjugate was washed with PBST, centrifuged, reconstituted in 1% BSA, and filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter to remove all aggregates.

[0030] The micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is integrated into the detection antibody coating area of ​​the microfluidic chip. The micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is based on the sandwich principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and is used to detect gingival sulcus fluid extracted by the microfluidic chip.

[0031] The toothbrush itself detects all biomarkers of periodontal inflammation and periodontal remodeling, including but not limited to interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, hemoglobin and interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, aspartate aminotransferase, and any combination thereof.

[0032] A detection method for an in-situ detection system of periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces, the detection method including a method for accurately locating the periodontal status of each tooth, the method comprising: Independently extract gingival crevicular fluid from each tooth in the human oral cavity; In situ detection of the presence and concentration of biomarkers in a sample is performed by contacting gingival crevicular fluid with an antibody detection reagent in its corresponding detection unit and detecting the binding between each biomarker and the detection reagent; Real-time conversion and transmission of signals; Its concentration was compared with the concentration thresholds of various periodontal status biomarkers in existing studies to evaluate the periodontal status of each tooth in humans.

[0033] The detection method also includes a method for diagnosing whether a human patient has periodontitis by extracting gingival crevicular fluid in situ, the method comprising: extracting gingival crevicular fluid in the human oral cavity, detecting inflammatory markers in the human gingival crevicular fluid sample, to evaluate the presence of periodontitis in the patient.

[0034] The detection method also includes a method for diagnosing the periodontal remodeling status, periodontal remodeling rate, and whether or not an orthodontic patient has periodontitis by in situ extraction of gingival crevicular fluid. The method includes: extracting gingival crevicular fluid in the oral cavity of an orthodontic patient, and detecting periodontal remodeling biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid sample of the orthodontic patient to evaluate the patient's periodontal remodeling status, periodontal remodeling rate, and whether or not the patient has periodontitis.

[0035] The detection method also includes a method for detecting whether a dental implant has implant periodontitis in real time by extracting gingival sulcus fluid in situ, the method including: extracting gingival sulcus fluid around the dental implant, detecting biomarkers in the gingival sulcus fluid sample of the implant, to evaluate whether the dental implant has implant periodontitis. Example 2

[0036] Periodontitis testing See also Figure 1-5As shown, a system and method for in-situ detection of the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces include: a microfluidic chip, a micro-probe sensitive periodontitis sensor and a brace. The brace can be personalized and used for periodontitis detection of individual teeth and the entire dentition; The microfluidic chip and micro-sensitive periodontitis sensor are integrated into dental braces, which are designed to be worn on human teeth. These braces are custom-made to fit individual teeth or the entire dentition. The braces are double-layered, with the micro-sensitive periodontitis sensor installed on the inner layer. The braces are hollow and designed with a microfluidic chip to facilitate interaction between the inner and outer layers of gingival crevicular fluid.

[0037] The overall structure and parameters of the microfluidic chip are designed to be divided into four parts. The first part is the input end, which uses multiple micro-channels (diameter 50-100um) to extract gingival crevicular fluid; the second part is the detection antibody deposition area, which is used to deposit and store the detection antibody of biomarkers; the third part is the serpentine mixing area, which is used to ensure that the detection antibody and gingival crevicular fluid are fully contacted and mixed; the fourth part is the capture antibody coating area, which is used to fix the capture antibody and detect biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid.

[0038] The detection antibody deposition area was prepared by the following method: Step 1: using EDC / Sulfo-NHS mixed solution (30 mg / mL −1 and 36mgmL −1 ) 20 nm carboxylic acid-functionalized PEGylated gold nanoparticles were activated in 10 mM MES buffer (pH 5.5) for 30 min, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation; Step 2: 50 μg mL polystreptavidin R (PS-R) was added and cross-linked at room temperature for 1 h, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation; Step 3: 5 μg mL biotinylated detection antibody in 1% BSA prepared in 1XPBS (pH 7.4) was incubated at room temperature for 1 h, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation; Step 4: The carboxyl groups of PS-R on the gold nanoparticles and the detection antibody were cleaved with a mixed solution of EDC / Sulfo-NHS (30 mg mL −1 and 36mgmL −1 ) were activated in 10 mM MES buffer (pH 5.5) for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation; Step 5: The gold nanoparticles were incubated with 100 μM thionine for 1 hour, and the final conjugate was washed with PBST, reconstituted in 1% BSA after centrifugation, and filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter to remove all aggregates.

[0039] The micro-sensitive periodontitis sensor is integrated into the capture antibody coating area of ​​the microfluidic chip and includes a three-electrode system, in which Ag / AgCl is used as the reference electrode and bare graphene is used as the counter electrode. The working electrode of the micro-sensitive periodontitis sensor is made by the following steps: Step 1: CO2 laser induces the formation of graphene electrode on polyimide film, such as Figure 2 The graphene shown in FIG1 is porous in a fence-like shape; Step 2: Electrodeposit gold nanoparticles on the graphene electrode. The graphene is deposited in a solution containing 0.1 mM tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate and 10 mM sulfuric acid for 40 cycles of constant potential deposition. Each cycle contains two 0.5-second pulses of −0.2 V, separated by a 0.5-second pulse of 0 V, to prepare a composite electrode, as shown in FIG1. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The gold nanoparticles shown are successfully modified on graphene; Step 3: Soak the composite electrode in an anhydrous ethanol solution of 0.5mM 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 1mM mercaptoethanol overnight to form a self-assembled monolayer; Step 4: Place the electrode in an anhydrous morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer containing 10ul of 0.4MN-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 0.1MN-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (Sulfo-NHS) and incubate for 35 minutes; Step 5: Drop the capture antibody on the electrode and incubate at room temperature for 2.5 hours, and then block it with 1.0% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hour. Example 3

[0040] Orthodontic periodontal status monitoring See also Figure 1 、 6 - As shown in 10 and 14, a detection system based on in situ detection of periodontal status is used to monitor the periodontal remodeling status and periodontal health for orthodontic use, a microfluidic electrochemical sensor for orthodontic periodontal status monitoring based on gingival crevicular fluid and its preparation method, comprising: braces, a multi-channel microfluidic acquisition unit and an electrochemical sensor detection unit. The braces can be personalized special braces or bracketless invisible braces, which are used for periodontal status detection of the entire dentition.

[0041] The multi-channel microfluidic acquisition unit and electrochemical sensor detection unit are integrated into the braces, which are worn on the teeth of orthodontic patients. The braces are customized based on digital modeling of the patient's dentition morphology and can also be integrated with bracketless invisible braces. The braces are double-layered, and the electrochemical sensor is installed in the inner layer of the braces. The braces are hollow and designed with microfluidic channels to facilitate the interaction between the internal and external gingival crevicular fluid.

[0042] The overall structural geometric parameters of the multi-channel microfluidic acquisition unit are designed, which is mainly divided into four parts. The first part is the input end, which uses multiple micro-channels (diameter 50-100um) to extract gingival crevicular fluid; the second part is the reagent reservoir, which is used to deposit and store detection antibodies for biomarkers; the third part is the serpentine mixing channel, which is used to ensure sufficient contact and mixing of detection antibodies and gingival crevicular fluid; the fourth part is the detection reservoir, which is used to fix capture antibodies and detect biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid.

[0043] The reagent reservoir was prepared by the following method: Step 1: using EDC / Sulfo-NHS mixed solution (30 mg mL −1 and 36 mg mL −1 20 nm carboxylic acid-functionalized PEGylated gold nanoparticles were activated in 10 mM MES buffer (pH 5.5) for 30 min, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation. Step 2: 50 μg mL −1 Polystreptavidin R (PS-R) was cross-linked at room temperature for 1 hour, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation. Step 3: 5 μg mL in 1% BSA prepared in 1X PBS (pH 7.4) −1 Biotinylated detection antibody was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation. Step 4: The carboxyl groups of PS-R on gold nanoparticles and detection antibody were cleaved with EDC / Sulfo-NHS mixed solution (30 mg mL −1 and 36 mg mL −1 ) were activated in 10 mM MES buffer (pH 5.5) for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation; Step 5: Gold nanoparticles were incubated with 100 μM thionine for 1 hour, and the final conjugate was washed with PBST, reconstituted in 1% BSA after centrifugation, and filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter to remove all aggregates.

[0044] The electrochemical sensor is integrated into the detection reservoir of the multi-channel microfluidic acquisition unit, including a three-electrode system, in which Ag / AgCl is used as a reference electrode and bare graphene is used as a counter electrode. The working electrode of the electrochemical sensor is made by the following steps: Step 1: Laser-induced polyimide film forms a graphene electrode, such as Figure 2 The graphene shown in FIG1 is porous in a fence-like shape; Step 2: gold nanoparticles are electrodeposited on the graphene electrode. The graphene is deposited in a solution containing 0.1 mM tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate and 10 mM sulfuric acid for 40 cycles of constant potential deposition. Each cycle contains two 0.5-second pulses of −0.2 V, separated by a 0.5-second pulse of 0 V, to prepare a composite electrode, as shown in FIG1. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in FIG, gold nanoparticles are successfully deposited on the graphene surface; Step 3: The composite electrode is immersed in an anhydrous ethanol solution of 0.5 mM 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 1 mM mercaptoethanol overnight to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), as shown in FIG. Figure 4 A modified self-assembled monolayer was successfully formed on the graphene shown in the figure; Step 4: The electrode was placed in anhydrous morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer containing 10ul of 0.4M N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 0.1M N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (Sulfo-NHS) and incubated for 35 minutes; Step 5: The capture antibody was dripped on the electrode and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 hours, and then blocked with 1.0% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hour.

[0045] The electrochemical sensor is connected to the user interface via a wireless transmission module. Electrochemical signals are collected in real time by the sensor's electrodes and converted into digital signals. This signal is then transmitted to a compatible user device, such as a smartphone or tablet, via the wireless transmission module. A dedicated application is installed on the user device, which decodes the received electrochemical signals and analyzes them using a deep learning model, providing real-time output of the status of periodontal remodeling and periodontal health.

[0046] To accurately identify the status of periodontal remodeling and periodontal health during orthodontic treatment, the deep learning algorithm module captures sensor data on the user interface, displaying real-time data and trends through charts, color indicators, or an alarm system. Normal periodontal remodeling is indicated in green, while inflammation is indicated in red. The user interface also provides detailed analysis reports to help doctors determine the patient's treatment effectiveness based on sensor detection results and adjust further treatment plans.

[0047] Electrochemical signals (such as current, voltage, or impedance changes) are input into a deep learning model for analysis. Based on a neural network architecture, the deep learning model is trained using a large amount of electrochemical signal data to identify features related to periodontal remodeling. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Data preprocessing: The electrochemical signals collected by the sensor are subjected to noise removal and normalization to obtain input data for deep learning model training. Model training: Deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) are used to extract features from the time series data of the electrochemical signals to identify different states of periodontal remodeling, particularly those associated with pathological inflammatory responses. Model optimization: Cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning are used to improve the model's classification accuracy, ensuring it can accurately distinguish between normal periodontal remodeling and inflammatory states. The training process of this deep learning model relies on a well-labeled electrochemical signal dataset that contains electrochemical signals of periodontal remodeling and different periods of periodontal health during orthodontic treatment, as well as corresponding clinical diagnostic results (such as inflammation or health). Example 4

[0048] Peri-implantitis detection See also Figure 11-14 , 16, peri-implantitis detection based on an in-situ detection system for periodontal status, a gingival crevicular fluid electrochemical sensor for peri-implantitis detection and a preparation method thereof, comprising: an implant crown, a microfluidic channel, and an electrochemical sensor; the crown can be used for the detection of individual implants or the detection of the entire dentition; The microfluidic channel and electrochemical sensor are integrated into a dental brace, which is shaped like a dental implant crown. The dental implant crown is a specialized implant crown that is installed on a human implant. The brace is double-layered, with the electrochemical sensor installed on the inner layer of the hollow brace, which is designed with microfluidic channels to facilitate the interaction of gingival crevicular fluid inside and outside.

[0049] To adapt the electrochemical sensor to different types of implant restorations (such as single crowns and bridges), the present invention incorporates customized sensor designs for single crowns and bridges. For patients with single tooth loss, the sensor is designed to be embedded in a single crown-matching dental brace. The sensor's miniaturization allows for easy integration into the brace and detection via the gingival sulcus fluid channel. The sensor's electrodes contact the gingival sulcus fluid beneath the crown, providing real-time monitoring of inflammation around the implant. Its operating principle is similar to traditional gingival sulcus fluid detection methods, but compared to traditional manual sampling, the sensor of the present invention provides continuous, real-time detection, improving detection frequency and accuracy. For patients with multiple tooth loss, the sensor design takes into account the interconnectedness of implants. In bridge configurations, the dental brace on which the sensor is mounted is designed to accommodate multiple implants, enabling real-time monitoring of gingival sulcus fluid conditions around all implants. The sensor, through contact with the gingival sulcus fluid of each implant in the bridge, detects inflammatory changes in different areas.

[0050] The overall structural geometric parameters of the microfluidic channel are designed to be divided into four parts. The first part is the input end, which uses multiple micro-channels (diameter 50-100um) to extract gingival crevicular fluid; the second part is the antibody storage pool, which is used to deposit and store detection antibodies for biomarkers; the third part is the serpentine mixing channel, which is used to ensure sufficient contact and mixing between the capture antibody and gingival crevicular fluid; the fourth part is the antibody detection pool, which is used to fix the capture antibody and detect biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid.

[0051] The antibody storage pool was prepared by the following method: Step 1: using EDC / Sulfo-NHS mixed solution (30 mg mL −1 and 36 mg mL −1 20 nm carboxylic acid-functionalized PEGylated gold nanoparticles were activated in 10 mM MES buffer (pH 5.5) for 30 min, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation. Step 2: 50 μg mL −1 Polystreptavidin R (PS-R) was cross-linked at room temperature for 1 hour, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation. Step 3: 5 μg mL in 1% BSA prepared in 1X PBS (pH 7.4) −1 Biotinylated detection antibody was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation. Step 4: The carboxyl groups of PS-R on gold nanoparticles and detection antibody were cleaved with EDC / Sulfo-NHS mixed solution (30 mg mL −1 and 36 mg mL −1) were activated in 10 mM MES buffer (pH 5.5) for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation; Step 5: Gold nanoparticles were incubated with 100 μM thionine for 1 hour, and the final conjugate was washed with PBST, reconstituted in 1% BSA after centrifugation, and filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter to remove all aggregates.

[0052] The electrochemical sensor is integrated into the antibody detection cell of the microfluidic channel, which includes a three-electrode system, in which Ag / AgCl is used as the reference electrode and bare graphene is used as the counter electrode. The working electrode of the electrochemical sensor is made by the following steps: Step 1: Laser-induced polyimide film forms a graphene electrode, such as Figure 2 The graphene shown in FIG1 is porous in a fence-like shape; Step 2: gold nanoparticles are electrodeposited on the graphene electrode. The graphene is deposited in a solution containing 0.1 mM tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate and 10 mM sulfuric acid for 40 cycles of constant potential deposition. Each cycle contains two 0.5-second pulses of −0.2 V, separated by a 0.5-second pulse of 0 V, to prepare a composite electrode, as shown in FIG1. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The gold nanoparticles shown are successfully modified on graphene; Step 3: The composite electrode is immersed in an anhydrous ethanol solution of 0.5 mM 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 1 mM mercaptoethanol overnight to form a self-assembled monolayer; Step 4: The electrode is placed in an anhydrous morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer containing 10 ul of 0.4 M N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 0.1 M N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (Sulfo-NHS) and incubated for 35 minutes; Step 5: The capture antibody is dripped on the electrode and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 hours, and then blocked with 1.0% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hour.

[0053] The electrochemical sensor is connected to the user interface via a wireless transmission module. The wireless transmission module is located between the one or more processing units and the user interface and is used to transmit the electrical signal to the user interface. The deep learning algorithm is used to diagnose and grade peri-implantitis based on the detected concentrations of biomarkers. The user interface includes data display and aggregation functions and provides a user data information operation display interface. The user interface can be presented in the form of a mobile application. In this embodiment, the human refers to the wearer of the implant crown.

[0054] The deep learning algorithm module includes a long short-term memory (LSTM) network model and multiple convolutional neural network models. The convolutional neural network model uses the electrical signals of biomarkers from the electrochemical sensor as input and outputs the concentration of the corresponding biomarkers in the wearer's gingival crevicular fluid. The long short-term memory (LSTM) network model uses the biomarker concentrations determined by all convolutional neural network models as input and outputs peri-implantitis diagnosis and grading signals. The LSTM network model and multiple convolutional neural network models are integrated into the mobile app.

[0055] The electrochemical sensor is connected to a user interface via a data connection; the data connection, between the one or more processing units and the user interface, is used to transmit the electrical signal to the user interface. The deep learning algorithm is used to diagnose and grade periodontitis based on the detected concentrations of biomarkers. The user interface includes data display and aggregation functions and provides a user data information operation display interface. The user interface can be presented in the form of a mobile application. In this embodiment, the human refers to the wearer of the braces.

[0056] The user interface terminal includes a long short-term memory (LSTM) network model and multiple convolutional neural network models. The convolutional neural network model uses the electrical signals of biomarkers from the immunosensor as input and outputs the concentration of the corresponding biomarkers in the wearer's gingival crevicular fluid. The long short-term memory (LSTM) network model uses the biomarker concentrations determined by all convolutional neural network models as input and outputs a periodontitis diagnosis and grading signal. The LSTM network model and multiple convolutional neural network models are integrated into the mobile application.

[0057] The use of microfluidic devices to transport gingival sulcus fluid from each tooth and electrochemical sensors to detect periodontal-related biomarkers can be used for the diagnosis and grading of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, as well as for periodontal reconstruction during orthodontic treatment, periodontal-orthodontic combined treatment, and periodontal testing in single crown restorations, to address the current lack of in-situ gingival sulcus fluid detection devices and the difficulty in determining the periodontal status of each tooth.

[0058] The braces are designed to be integrated with sensors and can also be integrated with invisible braces, which makes the application prospects of braces broader; Braces can detect individual teeth and the entire dentition, and can be adjusted according to the user's actual needs, which is more conducive to the user's periodontal status detection The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained herein shall, unless otherwise specified or limited, be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. An in-situ detection system for the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces, characterized by: The detection system includes a brace body, which is a customized double-layer brace based on digital modeling of human dentition morphology. It can be customized to the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions according to the personalized design of the brace. A micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is installed on the inner layer of the brace body. A microfluidic chip is installed in the hollow portion of the brace body. The microfluidic chip and the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor are connected by capillary channels, and the capillary channels are used to transmit gingival sulcus fluid and transport it to the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor. The brace body matches the individual teeth and dentitions and encapsulates the insulated microfluidic chip and micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor. The detection system also includes a user interface for presenting marker signal reports and periodontal status to the user. The interface is part of the system or a remote interface. A wireless transmission module is used to transmit electrical signals received by the user interface to a remote server or the user's mobile device. A power management system is used to provide stable power to the electronic components within the brace. A data processing unit is used to analyze the signals received from the electrochemical sensor and convert them into periodontal biomarker concentration data. A deep learning algorithm module is used to diagnose periodontal status based on the detected biomarker concentrations.

2. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microfluidic chip includes multiple microchannels, a circular detection antibody deposition area, a serpentine mixing area and a circular capture antibody coating area. The multiple microchannels are used to extract gingival crevicular fluid, which is extracted and transported through a micropore close to the gingival margin. The circular detection antibody deposition area is used to deposit and store detection antibodies for biomarkers. The serpentine mixing area is used to ensure that the detection antibodies and gingival crevicular fluid are fully contacted and mixed. The capture antibody coating area is used to fix the capture antibodies and detect biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid.

3. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is prepared by the following method: Step 1: CO2 laser induces the formation of graphene electrodes on polyimide film; Step 2: Electrodepositing gold nanoparticles on the graphene electrode to prepare a composite electrode; Step 3: Soak the composite electrode in an anhydrous ethanol solution of 0.5 mM 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 1 mM mercaptoethanol overnight to form a self-assembled monolayer; Step 4: Incubate the electrode in anhydrous morpholinoethanesulfonic acid buffer containing 10 μl of 0.4 M N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 0.1 M N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt for 35 minutes; Step 5: Capture antibody was dripped onto the electrode and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 hours, followed by blocking with 1.0% bovine serum albumin for 1 hour.

4. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection antibody deposition area is prepared by the following method: Step 1: Activate 20 nm carboxylic acid-functionalized PEGylated gold nanoparticles using a mixed solution of EDC / Sulfo-NHS in 10 mM MES buffer for 30 minutes, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant. Step 2: Add 50 μg / mL polystreptavidin R and cross-link at room temperature for 1 hour, then centrifuge and wash to remove the supernatant; Step 3: Incubate with 5 μg mL biotinylated detection antibody in 1.0% BSA prepared in 1X PBS for 1 hour at room temperature, then centrifuge and remove the supernatant. Step 4: The carboxyl groups of polystreptavidin R on the gold nanoparticles and the detection antibody were activated with a mixed solution of EDC / Sulfo-NHS in 10 mM MES buffer for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugation and washing; Step 5: The gold nanoparticles were incubated with 100 μM thionine for 1 hour. The final conjugate was washed with PBST, centrifuged, reconstituted in 1% BSA, and filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter to remove all aggregates.

5. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 3, characterized in that: The micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is integrated into the capture antibody coating area of ​​the microfluidic chip. The micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor is based on the sandwich principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and is used to detect gingival sulcus fluid extracted by the microfluidic chip.

6. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dental implant detects all biomarkers of periodontal inflammation and periodontal remodeling, including but not limited to interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, hemoglobin and interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, aspartate aminotransferase, and any combination thereof.

7. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection method includes a method for accurately locating the periodontal status of each tooth, the method comprising: Independently extract gingival crevicular fluid from each tooth in the human oral cavity; In situ detecting the presence and concentration of the biomarker in the sample by contacting the gingival crevicular fluid with the antibody detection reagent in the corresponding detection unit and detecting the binding between each biomarker and the detection reagent; Real-time conversion and transmission of signals; The concentrations thereof were compared with the concentration thresholds of the biomarkers for various periodontal statuses in existing studies to evaluate the periodontal status of various teeth in humans.

8. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection method also includes a method for diagnosing whether individual teeth and dentitions of humans suffer from periodontitis by in situ extraction of gingival crevicular fluid, the method comprising: extracting gingival crevicular fluid in the human oral cavity, detecting inflammatory markers in the human gingival crevicular fluid sample, to assess the presence of periodontitis in the patient.

9. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection method also includes a method for monitoring the periodontal remodeling status, periodontal remodeling rate and periodontal health of orthodontic patients by in situ extraction of gingival crevicular fluid. The method includes: extracting gingival crevicular fluid in the oral cavity of an orthodontic patient, detecting periodontal remodeling and periodontal inflammation biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid sample of the orthodontic patient, to evaluate the periodontal remodeling status and rate of the patient and monitor the periodontal health.

10. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection system is based on in situ gingival sulcus fluid extraction technology. It achieves early diagnosis of peri-implantitis by quantitatively analyzing specific inflammatory mediators in peri-implant gingival sulcus fluid samples, while monitoring pathological changes in periodontal tissue around crown restorations. The method includes three core steps: collecting peri-implant gingival sulcus fluid samples, detecting the concentration gradient of key biomarkers, and establishing an inflammation degree assessment model.

11. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection system can not only be integrated with personalized braces, but also can be integrated with bracketless invisible braces for orthodontic treatment; the bracketless invisible braces includes an appliance body, which is a transparent double-layer structure, the inner layer of which is integrated with a micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor, and a microfluidic chip is installed in the hollow part. The microfluidic chip is connected to the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor through a capillary channel, which is used to transmit gingival sulcus fluid and transport it to the micro-probe sensitive periodontal sensor.

12. The in-situ detection system for periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions based on smart braces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection braces are personalized in design and can perform accurate tooth position detection based on the periodontal status of individual teeth and dentitions.

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