Precision seeder for small-grain crops

Abstract

The invention discloses a precision seeder for small-grain crops, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises a frame fan system, a ditching and soil preparation system, a seed metering system, an opening fertilizer discharging system and a base fertilizer discharging system, a seed metering device in the seed metering system comprises a base, a seed metering component and a seed stirring component, and the seed metering component and the seed stirring component are positioned in the base. The seed metering assembly comprises a seed metering shaft, blank wheels and seed metering wheels, the blank wheels and the seed metering wheels are arranged on the seed metering shaft in a sleeving mode, each blank wheel and each seed metering wheel are each sleeved with a set of seed protection silica gel, and the outer ring of each seed protection silica gel is provided with a seed protection body meshed with the corresponding seed protection silica gel; a first spacing adjusting assembly is arranged below the seed discharging pipe and the outlet fertilizer discharging pipe, a second spacing adjusting assembly is correspondingly arranged below each base fertilizer discharging system, and the spacing of the base fertilizer discharging pipe of each base fertilizer discharging system is adjusted through the second spacing adjusting assembly. According to the seeder, the seeding stability and precision can be ensured through the seeding device, meanwhile, the seeding spacing is convenient to adjust, and the seeder can meet different seeding requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a precision seeder for small-grain crops. Background Art

[0002] As a staple of modern agricultural equipment, seed drills have a significant impact on agricultural production. Combined seed drills are a type of agricultural equipment that can simultaneously complete seeding and multiple related farming processes. Their primary functions include improving seeding efficiency, reducing costs, protecting soil structure, and enabling multiple functions to be performed simultaneously.

[0003] Chinese patent publication number CN119096737A proposes a combined seeder for both oilseed and wheat crops, applying both base and feed fertilizer simultaneously. The solution includes a discharge height adjustment system, a furrowing and soil preparation system, a frame fan system, and a simultaneous seed and fertilizer application system. The combined seeder discharges seeds, base fertilizer, and feed fertilizer simultaneously. The amount of base and feed fertilizer is adjusted based on actual needs without interfering with each other, achieving strong seedling growth without burning them, significantly improving crop germination and seedling vigor rates.

[0004] However, this device still has certain shortcomings: 1. The seed filling accuracy of the seeding device is low and the seeding uniformity is poor, resulting in uneven seed flow and affecting the uniformity of sowing. 2. The rotary tiller blades are fixed, and the blade spacing cannot be adjusted, making it impossible to adjust the density of furrows to meet different furrowing requirements. Furthermore, when the blade spacing is adjusted, the corresponding furrow density changes accordingly, and the corresponding bottom fertilizer pipe, outlet fertilizer pipe, and seed outlet cannot be adjusted accordingly, making it impossible to meet the excavation and seeding requirements of different scenarios.

[0005] Therefore, the inventors made further improvements to the seeding device and adjusted the structure of the combined seeder so that it can be flexibly adjusted to meet different needs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a precision seeder for small-grain crops to solve the problems existing in the background technology.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A small-grain crop precision seeder includes a frame fan system, a furrowing and soil preparation system, a seeding system, a fertilizer discharge system, and a base fertilizer discharge system. The frame fan system includes a frame body and a fan assembly; the furrowing and soil preparation system includes a furrow opener, a rotary tillage assembly, and a disc harrow; the seeding system includes a seed box, a seeding device, a seed dispenser, and a seed discharge pipe in sequence; the fertilizer discharge system includes a fertilizer discharge box, a fertilizer discharge device, a fertilizer dispenser, and a fertilizer discharge pipe in sequence; the base fertilizer discharge system includes a base fertilizer box, a fertilizer amount adjustment port, and a base fertilizer discharge pipe in sequence. The seeding device includes a machine base and a seeding assembly and a seed stirring assembly located in the machine base. The seeding assembly includes a seeding shaft and a blank wheel and a seeding wheel sleeved on the seeding shaft. The outer circle of the seeding wheel has a plurality of rows of seeding holes in a circumferential array, and the seeding holes in adjacent rows are arranged alternately. Each of the blank wheel and the seeding wheel is sleeved with a group of seed protecting silica gel. The outer ring of the seed protecting silica gel is tooth-shaped. The outer ring of each seed protecting silica gel is provided with a seed protecting body meshed therewith. The plurality of seed protecting bodies are fixed to the machine base by pins. A first spacing adjustment component is provided below the seeding tube and the fertilizer discharge pipe, and the spacing of the plurality of seeding tubes and the fertilizer discharge pipe is adjusted by the first spacing adjustment component; The two base fertilizer discharge systems are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fan assembly, and a second spacing adjustment component is correspondingly provided under each base fertilizer discharge system. The base fertilizer discharge pipes of each base fertilizer discharge system are spaced apart by the second spacing adjustment component. A bidirectional synchronization component is provided between the two groups of the second spacing adjustment components, and the distance between the two second spacing adjustment components is adjusted by the bidirectional synchronization component. The rotary tillage assembly includes a rotating shaft, an adjusting snap ring and a rotary tillage blade. The adjusting snap ring is sleeved on the rotating shaft and is detachably connected to the rotating shaft. The rotary tillage blade is detachably connected to the adjusting snap ring. The position of the rotary tillage blade on the rotating shaft is adjusted by the adjusting snap ring.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross-section of the seed protection body and the seed protection silicone is a semicircular structure, one end of the seed protection body and the upper end of the machine base form a feed port, the feed port is located above the seed stirring shaft, the feed port is connected to the seed box, the other end of the seed protection body and the bottom of the machine base form a discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the seed distributor.

[0009] Furthermore, a brush is provided at one end of the seed protection body close to the feed port, the brush is located at the front end of the seed protection silicone, multiple groups of seed stirring teeth are provided in the axial direction of the seed stirring shaft, and the machine base is provided with a seed unloading plate on one side of the lower end of the seed stirring shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the first spacing adjustment assembly includes a crossbeam and an adjustment block, the two ends of the crossbeam are detachably connected to the two ends of the frame body, a slide groove is provided under the crossbeam, a sliding head is provided on the top of the adjustment block that is slidably connected to the slide groove, a locking nut is provided on the sliding head, and the adjustment block is provided with openings on both sides of the crossbeam, and the seed discharge pipe and the fertilizer discharge pipe pass through the openings respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the second spacing adjustment assembly includes a fixed plate, an adjustment plate and a sliding block, the fixed plate is provided with a slide rail, and multiple sliding blocks are slidably connected to the fixed plate through the slide rail, and the adjustment plate is provided with multiple obliquely arranged guide grooves, each of the sliding blocks is matched with the corresponding guide groove through a hinge rod, and a cylinder is provided above the fixed plate, the cylinder seat of the cylinder is fixed on the fixed plate, and one end of the piston rod of the cylinder is connected to the top of the adjustment plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the bidirectional synchronization component includes a double-headed threaded rod, a support plate and a slider, the double-headed threaded rod is located above the fixed plate, the two ends of the double-headed threaded rod are respectively connected to the frame body, the threads at both ends of the double-headed threaded rod are in opposite directions, the support plate is located in the middle of the double-headed threaded rod, one end of the support plate is connected to the base fertilizer box, the double-headed threaded rod passes through the other end of the support plate, the slider is threadedly engaged with the double-headed threaded rod, a slider is provided in the middle of each fixed plate, the two sliders are respectively located at the two ends of the double-headed threaded rod, and the slider is provided with a through hole for the base fertilizer pipe to pass through.

[0013] Furthermore, the adjusting clamp is a petal structure, a locking screw is provided in the radial direction of the adjusting clamp, and the adjusting clamp is fixed to the rotating shaft through the locking screw.

[0014] Furthermore, the fan assembly is located in the middle of the frame body, and the fan assembly is connected to the seeding system, the outlet fertilizer system and the base fertilizer system through pipelines respectively. The seeding system and the outlet fertilizer system are horizontally arranged at the rear end of the frame body, the trenching and soil preparation system is located at the front bottom of the frame body, and the base fertilizer system is located above the trenching and soil preparation system.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The seeding device can ensure the stability and accuracy of seeding and the uniformity of sowing. At the same time, the seeding wheel can be increased or decreased according to actual seeding needs, and the corresponding seed protection silicone and seed protection body can be easily disassembled.

[0016] 2) The sliding head and chute can be used to adjust the spacing between adjacent seed tubes and fertilizer tubes, thereby adjusting the final seed width. At the same time, tightening the nut fixes the adjustment block to the crossbeam to ensure stability during seeding.

[0017] 3) The spacing between the fertilizer pipes on each side can be adjusted through the second spacing adjustment component. At the same time, the two fertilizer pipes in the middle can be brought closer through the two-way synchronization component, so that fertilizer can be applied to the middle part.

[0018] 4) After the spacing of the rotary tillage components is adjusted, the corresponding bottom fertilizer pipe, seed pipe, and outlet fertilizer pipe can be adjusted accordingly; at the same time, the adjustment structure is simple, which enables the seeder to meet different sowing scenarios and expand its scope of application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a precision seeder for small-seed crops according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of a precision seeder for small-seed crops according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the seed metering device of the present invention, wherein the viewing angle is from top to bottom; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the seed metering device of the present invention, wherein the viewing angle is from bottom to top; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the seed metering device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the seed-discharging device of the present invention with part of the seed-protecting body removed; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the seed-metering device of the present invention with part of the seed protection body and the seed protection silica gel removed; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the seed metering device of the present invention without all seed protection bodies and seed protection silica gel; Figure 9 It is a front view of the seeding system, the fertilizer discharging system and the first spacing adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a bottom view of the first spacing adjustment component in the present invention; Figure 11 It is a front view of the second spacing adjustment component in the present invention; Figure 12 is a side view of the second spacing adjustment assembly of the present invention; Figure 13 It is a front view of the rotary tillage assembly of the present invention; Figure 14 is a side view of the rotary tillage assembly of the present invention; In the figure, 1-frame fan system, 11-fan assembly, 12-frame body, 2-ditching and soil preparation system, 21-ditching device, 22-disc harrow, 23-rotating shaft, 24-adjusting clamp, 25-rotary tillage blade, 3-seeding system, 31-seed box, 32-seeding device, 33-seed distributor, 34-seeding pipe, 4-fertilizer discharge system, 41-fertilizer box, 42-fertilizer discharge device, 43-fertilizer distributor, 44-fertilizer discharge pipe, 5-base fertilizer system, 51-base fertilizer box, 52-fertilizer amount adjustment port, 53-base fertilizer pipe, 6-second spacing adjustment component, 61-adjustment Plate, 62-fixed plate, 63-sliding block, 64-guide groove, 65-hinge rod, 66-cylinder, 7-bidirectional synchronization component, 71-double-headed threaded rod, 72-support plate, 73-slider, 8-first spacing adjustment component, 81-crossbeam, 82-adjusting block, 83-sliding head, 84-chute, 91-machine base, 92-feed port, 93-discharge port, 94-seed shaft, 95-seed wheel, 96-blank wheel, 97-seed protection silica gel, 98-seed protection body, 99-seed hole, 910-seed stirring shaft, 911-seed stirring tooth, 912-brush, 913-seed unloading plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See Figures 1-14 The present invention provides a technical solution: a precision seeder for small-grain crops, comprising a frame fan system 1, a furrowing and soil preparation system 2, a seeding system 3, a fertilizer discharge system 4 and a base fertilizer discharge system 5, wherein the frame fan system 1 comprises a frame body 12 and a fan assembly 11; the furrowing and soil preparation system 2 comprises a furrow opener 21, a rotary tillage assembly and a disc harrow 22; the seeding system 3 comprises a seed box 31, a seeding device 32, a seed dispenser 33 and a seed discharge pipe 34 in sequence; the fertilizer discharge system 4 comprises a fertilizer discharge box 41, a fertilizer discharge device 42, a fertilizer dispenser 43 and a fertilizer discharge pipe 44 in sequence; the base fertilizer discharge system 5 comprises a base fertilizer box 51, a fertilizer amount adjustment port 52 and a base fertilizer discharge pipe 53 in sequence.

[0022] Specific as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the fan assembly 11 is located in the middle of the frame body 12. The fan assembly 11 is connected to the seeding system 3, the outlet fertilizer system 4 and the bottom fertilizer system 5 through pipelines respectively, and the fan assembly 11 provides power for the seeding system 3, the outlet fertilizer system 4 and the bottom fertilizer system 5.

[0023] The seeding system 3 and the fertilizer discharge system 4 are horizontally arranged at the rear end of the frame body 12 , the ditching and soil leveling system 2 is located at the front bottom of the frame body 12 , and the bottom fertilizer discharge system 5 is located above the ditching and soil leveling system 2 .

[0024] The working principle of the seed drill in this embodiment is as follows: a tractor is connected to the seed drill, and the furrowing and soil preparation system 2 performs tillage operations. The rotary tillage assembly rotates to prepare the soil, and the furrow opener 21 creates furrows on both sides. At the same time, the disc harrow 22 cuts straw and other stalks on both sides to prevent them from wrapping around the furrow opener 21. The surface of the seed bed after the rotary tillage assembly is tilled is smoothed by the soil preparation scraper.

[0025] While the trenching and soil preparation system 2 is operating, the fertilizer discharging system 5 discharges fertilizer from the fertilizer tank 51 into the soil through the fertilizer discharging pipe 53 via the fertilizer amount regulating port 52. At this time, the rotary tillage assembly can mix the fertilizer discharged from the front end with the soil. The fertilizer discharging pipe 53 is placed in front of the planter. Under the action of the rotary tillage assembly, the fertilizer is mixed with the soil and distributed in different soil layers.

[0026] At the same time, the seeding system 3 and the fertilizer discharge system 4 at the rear end also operate synchronously. The seeds in the seed box 31 enter the seed distributor 33 through the seeding device 32, and then the wind force generated by the fan assembly 11 discharges the seeds from the seed discharge pipe 34 into the turned soil; similarly, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 41 enters the fertilizer distributor 43 through the fertilizer discharge device 42, and then the wind force generated by the fan assembly 11 discharges the fertilizer from the fertilizer discharge pipe 44 to the ground surface, providing nutrients for the seeds discharged from the seed discharge pipe 34 during the seedling stage, thereby promoting the growth of seedlings during the seedling stage.

[0027] Then as Figure 3-Figure 8 As shown, the seeding device 32 includes a machine base 91 and a seeding assembly and a seed stirring assembly located in the machine base 91, the seeding assembly includes a seeding shaft 94 and a blank wheel 96 and a seeding wheel 95 sleeved on the seeding shaft 94, the outer circle of the seeding wheel 95 has a plurality of rows of seeding holes 99 in a circular array, and the seeding holes 99 in adjacent rows are arranged alternately, each of the blank wheel 96 and the seeding wheel 95 is sleeved with a group of seed protecting silica gel 97, the outer ring of the seed protecting silica gel 97 is tooth-shaped, and the outer ring of each seed protecting silica gel 97 is provided with a seed protecting body 98 meshing therewith, and the plurality of seed protecting bodies 98 are fixed to the machine base 91 by pins.

[0028] The cross-section of the seed protection body 98 and the seed protection silica gel 97 is a semicircular structure. One end of the seed protection body 98 and the upper end of the machine base 91 form a feed port 92. The feed port 92 is located above the seed stirring shaft 910. The feed port 92 is connected to the seed box 31. The other end of the seed protection body 98 and the bottom of the machine base 91 form a discharge port 93. The discharge port 93 is connected to the seed distributor 33.

[0029] Through the above technical solution, the seeding shaft 94 and the seed stirring shaft 910 extend through both sides of the machine base 91, and the seeding shaft 94 drives the seed stirring shaft 910 to rotate. A blank wheel 96 and a seeding wheel 95 are mounted on the seed stirring shaft 910. The blank wheels 96 are located on both sides of the seeding wheel 95 and fit tightly together. The number of seeding wheels 95 can be increased according to actual needs. The seeding wheel 95 and the blank wheels 96 have the same wheel width. Each seeding wheel 95 and blank wheel 96 has a seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 on its outer ring. The inner ring of the seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 fits over the outer ring of the blank wheel 96 and seeding wheel 95. The outer ring of the seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 is toothed, and each seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 is equipped with a seed-protecting body 98. The inner ring of the seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 has a toothed structure that meshes with the outer ring of the seed-protecting silicone rubber 97. The seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 and the seed-protecting body 98 mesh together through the toothed structure. The plurality of seed guards 98 are fixed to the machine base 91 via connected pins. At this time, the seed guards 98 and the machine base 91 are fixed as one body, and the seed protection silicone 97 is fixed as one body to the seed guards 98 via a toothed structure, so that when the seed discharging shaft 94 rotates, the seed protection silicone 97 will not be driven to rotate synchronously. At the same time, because the seed guards 98 and the seed protection silicone 97 are split and modular structures, they can be easily disassembled and assembled.

[0030] Furthermore, if Figure 5 As shown, the seed wheel 95, the seed protection silica gel 97 and the seed protection body 98 are all designed with reduced materials to reduce gravity and save costs.

[0031] Furthermore, if Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a brush 912 is provided at one end of the seed protection body 98 near the feed port 92. The brush 912 is located at the front end of the seed protection silicone 97. A plurality of groups of seed stirring teeth 911 are provided in the axial direction of the seed stirring shaft 910. A seed unloading plate 913 is provided on one side of the lower end of the machine base 91 located at the seed stirring shaft 910. The seed stirring shaft 910 is a hexagonal prism, and the seed stirring teeth 911 are structured with a U-shaped steel wire wrapped around the seed stirring shaft 910. This structure is convenient for installation and disassembly and has low cost.

[0032] The working principle of the seed metering device 32 in this embodiment is as follows: Seeds in the seed box 31 enter the seeding device 32 through the feed port 92. As the seed stirring shaft 910 and the seeding shaft 94 rotate, individual seeds enter the seeding holes 99 of matching size. With the brush 912 blocking them, only seeds that have entered the seeding holes 99 rotate smoothly with the seeding shaft 94. As the seeding shaft 94 rotates, the seeds in the seeding holes 99 are discharged from the discharge port 93 into the seed distributor 33 for subsequent distribution. The seeding device 32 ensures the stability and accuracy of seeding and the uniformity of sowing. The seeding wheel 95 can be increased or decreased according to actual seeding needs, and the corresponding seed protection silicone 97 and seed protection body 98 are easily removable.

[0033] Furthermore, if Figure 9As shown, a first spacing adjustment component 8 is provided below the seeding tube 34 and the fertilizer discharge tube 44 , and the spacing between the seeding tube 34 and the fertilizer discharge tube 44 is adjusted by the first spacing adjustment component 8 .

[0034] Then see Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the first spacing adjustment component 8 includes a crossbeam 81 and an adjustment block 82. The two ends of the crossbeam 81 are detachably connected to the two ends of the frame body 12. A slide groove 84 is provided under the crossbeam 81, and a sliding head 83 is provided on the top of the adjustment block 82, which is slidably connected to the slide groove 84. A locking nut is provided on the sliding head 83. The adjustment block 82 is located on both sides of the crossbeam 81 and has openings respectively, and the seed discharge pipe 34 and the fertilizer discharge pipe 44 pass through the openings respectively.

[0035] Through the above technical solution, each adjustment block 82 is passed through a seed tube 34 and a fertilizer tube 44, ensuring that the fertilizer can simultaneously provide nutrients for the seeds discharged by the seed tube 34 during the seedling stage, thereby promoting the growth of seedlings. The adjustment block 82 is slidably connected to the crossbeam 81 via a sliding head 83. The diameter of the sliding head 83 is greater than the width of the chute 84, so that the sliding head 83 will not disengage from the chute 84. The sliding head 83 and the chute 84 can be used to adjust the spacing between adjacent seed tubes 34 and fertilizer tubes, thereby adjusting the final width of the seed sown. At the same time, the adjustment block 82 is fixed to the crossbeam 81 by tightening the nut to ensure stability during seeding.

[0036] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the two base fertilizer discharge systems 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fan assembly 11, and a second spacing adjustment assembly 6 is correspondingly provided under each base fertilizer discharge system 5. The base fertilizer discharge pipe 53 of each base fertilizer discharge system 5 is adjusted in spacing by the second spacing adjustment assembly 6, and a bidirectional synchronization assembly 7 is provided between the two groups of the second spacing adjustment assemblies 6, and the distance between the two second spacing adjustment assemblies 6 is adjusted by the bidirectional synchronization assembly 7.

[0037] With the above technical solution, since the fan assembly 11 is located in the middle and the two fertilizer boxes 51 are located on both sides of the fan assembly 11, it is difficult for the traditional fertilizer discharge pipe 53 to discharge fertilizer to the middle part. The second spacing adjustment component 6 can adjust the spacing between the fertilizer discharge pipes 53 on each side, and the two-way synchronization component 7 can bring the two fertilizer discharge pipes 53 in the middle closer together, thereby releasing fertilizer to the middle part.

[0038] Specific as Figure 11-12As shown, the second spacing adjustment assembly 6 includes a fixed plate 62, an adjustment plate 61 and a sliding block 63. The fixed plate 62 is provided with a slide rail, and multiple sliding blocks 63 are slidably connected to the fixed plate 62 through the slide rail. The adjustment plate 61 is provided with multiple obliquely arranged guide grooves 64, and each sliding block 63 cooperates with the corresponding guide groove 64 through a hinge rod 65. A cylinder 66 is provided above the fixed plate 62, and the cylinder seat of the cylinder 66 is fixed on the fixed plate 62. One end of the piston rod of the cylinder 66 is connected to the top of the adjustment plate 61.

[0039] Through the above technical solution, when the piston rod of the cylinder 66 drives the adjustment plate 61 to move downward, the guide groove 64 on the adjustment plate 61 will drive the corresponding hinged rod 65 in the groove to move, and then drive the connected sliding block 63 to move horizontally along the slide rail. Since the guide groove 64 is arranged in an inclined manner, each sliding block 63 can be adjusted at equal distances, thereby adjusting the spacing of the bottom fertilizer discharge pipe 53 on the sliding block 63.

[0040] Furthermore, the bidirectional synchronization component 7 includes a double-headed threaded rod 71, a support plate 72 and a slider 73. The double-headed threaded rod 71 is located above the fixed plate 62, and the two ends of the double-headed threaded rod 71 are respectively connected to the frame body 12. The threads at both ends of the double-headed threaded rod 71 are opposite. The support plate 72 is located in the middle of the double-headed threaded rod 71, one end of the support plate 72 is connected to the base fertilizer box 51, the double-headed threaded rod 71 passes through the other end of the support plate 72, and the slider 73 is threadedly engaged with the double-headed threaded rod 71. A slider 73 is provided in the middle of each fixed plate 62, and the two sliders 73 are respectively located at the two ends of the double-headed threaded rod 71. The slider 73 is provided with a through hole for the base fertilizer pipe 53 to pass through.

[0041] At the same time, the two sets of second spacing adjustment components 6 move in the same and opposite directions through the bidirectional synchronization component 7. The slider 73 is threadedly engaged with the double-threaded rod 71. The threads at both ends of the double-threaded rod 71 are opposite, so when the double-threaded rod 71 rotates, the sliders 73 at both ends move in the same or opposite directions, thereby driving the connected second spacing adjustment components 6 and the fertilizer discharging pipe 53 closer or farther away, so that when they are close, fertilizer can be effectively applied to the blank area in the middle. At the same time, the support plate 72 is located in the middle to support the double-threaded rod 71 and the second spacing adjustment components 6.

[0042] Furthermore, if Figure 13-14As shown, the rotary tillage assembly includes a rotating shaft 23, an adjusting snap ring 24, and a rotary blade 25. The adjusting snap ring 24 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 23 and is detachably connected to the rotating shaft 23. The adjusting snap ring 24 has a petal structure, which facilitates the adjustment snap ring 24 to be clamped on the rotating shaft 23. The petal structure of the adjusting snap ring 24 is fixed by bolts, and after being locked, the adjusting snap ring 24 can be fixed to the rotating shaft 23. At the same time, a locking screw is provided in the radial direction of the adjusting snap ring 24 to further lock the adjusting snap ring 24 and the rotating shaft 23. At the same time, the rotary blade 25 is detachably connected to the adjusting snap ring 24, which facilitates the replacement of the rotary blade 25. The adjusting snap ring 24 can be used to drive the rotary blade 25 to adjust its position on the rotating shaft 23, thereby adjusting the tillage spacing to meet different tillage needs.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, after the rotary tillage assembly adjusts the spacing, the corresponding bottom fertilizer pipe 53, seed pipe 34, and outlet fertilizer pipe 44 can be adjusted accordingly; at the same time, the adjustment structure is simple, which can enable the seed drill to meet different seeding scenarios and improve the scope of application.

[0044] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. Rather, the present invention can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or techniques or knowledge in the relevant field. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be protected by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A precision seeder for small-grain crops, comprising a frame fan system (1), a furrowing and soil preparation system (2), a seeding system (3), an outlet fertilizer system (4) and a base fertilizer system (5), wherein the frame fan system (1) comprises a frame body (12) and a fan assembly (11); the furrowing and soil preparation system (2) comprises a furrow opener (21), a rotary tillage assembly and a disc harrow (22); the seeding system (3) comprises a seed box (31), a seeding device (32), a seed distributor (33) and a seeding pipe (34) in sequence; the outlet fertilizer system (4) comprises an outlet fertilizer box (41), an outlet fertilizer device (42), an outlet fertilizer distributor (43) and an outlet fertilizer pipe (44) in sequence; the base fertilizer system (5) comprises a base fertilizer box (51), a fertilizer amount regulating port (52) and a base fertilizer pipe (53) in sequence, and is characterized in that: The seeding device (32) includes a machine base (91) and a seeding assembly and a seed stirring assembly located in the machine base (91), the seeding assembly includes a seeding shaft (94) and a blank wheel (96) and a seeding wheel (95) sleeved on the seeding shaft (94), the outer circumference of the seeding wheel (95) has multiple rows of seeding holes (99), and the seeding holes (99) in adjacent rows are arranged alternately, each of the blank wheel (96) and the seeding wheel (95) is sleeved with a group of seed protecting silica gel (97), the outer ring of the seed protecting silica gel (97) is tooth-shaped, and the outer ring of each seed protecting silica gel (97) is provided with a seed protecting body (98) meshed with it, and the multiple seed protecting bodies (98) are fixed to the machine base (91) by a pin shaft; A first spacing adjustment component (8) is provided below the seeding tube (34) and the fertilizer discharge tube (44), and the spacing of the plurality of seeding tubes (34) and the fertilizer discharge tube (44) is adjusted by the first spacing adjustment component (8); The two base fertilizer discharge systems (5) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fan assembly (11); a second spacing adjustment assembly (6) is correspondingly provided under each base fertilizer discharge system (5); the base fertilizer discharge pipe (53) of each base fertilizer discharge system (5) is spaced by the second spacing adjustment assembly (6); a bidirectional synchronization assembly (7) is provided between the two groups of the second spacing adjustment assemblies (6); and the distance between the two second spacing adjustment assemblies (6) is adjusted by the bidirectional synchronization assembly (7); The rotary tillage assembly comprises a rotating shaft (23), an adjusting snap ring (24), and a rotary tillage blade (25); the adjusting snap ring (24) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (23) and detachably connected to the rotating shaft (23); the rotary tillage blade (25) is detachably connected to the adjusting snap ring (24); and the position of the rotary tillage blade (25) on the rotating shaft (23) is adjusted by the adjusting snap ring (24).

2. The small-seed crop precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the seed protection body (98) and the seed protection silica gel (97) is a semicircular structure. One end of the seed protection body (98) and the upper end of the machine base (91) form a feed port (92). The feed port (92) is located above the seed stirring shaft (910). The feed port (92) is connected to the seed box (31). The other end of the seed protection body (98) and the bottom of the machine base (91) form a discharge port (93). The discharge port (93) is connected to the seed distributor (33).

3. The small-seed crop precision seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: A brush (912) is provided at one end of the seed protection body (98) close to the feed port (92), and the brush (912) is located at the front end of the seed protection silica gel (97). A plurality of groups of seed stirring teeth (911) are provided in the axial direction of the seed stirring shaft (910), and a seed unloading plate (913) is provided on one side of the lower end of the seed stirring shaft (910) of the machine base (91).

4. The small-seed crop precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spacing adjustment assembly (8) includes a crossbeam (81) and an adjustment block (82), the two ends of the crossbeam (81) are detachably connected to the two ends of the frame body (12), a slide groove (84) is provided below the crossbeam (81), a sliding head (83) is provided on the top of the adjustment block (82) and is slidably connected to the slide groove (84), a locking nut is provided on the sliding head (83), and the adjustment block (82) is provided with openings on both sides of the crossbeam (81), and the seed discharging pipe (34) and the fertilizer discharge pipe (44) respectively pass through the openings.

5. The small-seed crop precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second spacing adjustment assembly (6) includes a fixed plate (62), an adjustment plate (61) and a sliding block (63), wherein the fixed plate (62) is provided with a slide rail, and a plurality of the sliding blocks (63) are slidably connected to the fixed plate (62) through the slide rail, and the adjustment plate (61) is provided with a plurality of inclined guide grooves (64), and each of the sliding blocks (63) cooperates with the corresponding guide groove (64) through a hinge rod (65), and a cylinder (66) is provided above the fixed plate (62), and a cylinder seat of the cylinder (66) is fixed on the fixed plate (62), and one end of the piston rod of the cylinder (66) is connected to the top of the adjustment plate (61).

6. The small-seed crop precision seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bidirectional synchronization component (7) comprises a double-threaded rod (71), a support plate (72) and a slider (73), wherein the double-threaded rod (71) is located above the fixed plate (62), and the two ends of the double-threaded rod (71) are respectively connected to the frame body (12), and the threads of the two ends of the double-threaded rod (71) are opposite to each other. The support plate (72) is located in the middle of the double-threaded rod (71), and one end of the support plate (72) is connected to the bottom fertilizer box (51). The double-threaded rod (71) passes through the other end of the support plate (72), and the slider (73) is threadedly matched with the double-threaded rod (71). A slider (73) is provided in the middle of each fixed plate (62), and two sliders (73) are respectively located at the two ends of the double-threaded rod (71). The slider (73) is provided with a through hole for the bottom fertilizer pipe (53) to pass through.

7. The small-seed crop precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting clamp (24) is a petal structure, a locking screw is provided in the radial direction of the adjusting clamp (24), and the adjusting clamp (24) is fixed to the rotating shaft (23) via the locking screw.

8. The small-seed crop precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan assembly (11) is located in the middle of the frame body (12), and the fan assembly (11) is connected to the seeding system (3), the outlet fertilizer system (4) and the bottom fertilizer system (5) through pipelines respectively. The seeding system (3) and the outlet fertilizer system (4) are horizontally arranged at the rear end of the frame body (12), the ditching and soil preparation system is located at the front bottom of the frame body (12), and the bottom fertilizer system (5) is located above the ditching and soil preparation system.

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