Farmland soil pollution detection and treatment integrated equipment and gradient purification method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution remediation and detection, in particular to farmland soil pollution detection and treatment integrated equipment and a gradient purification method. The farmland soil pollution detection and treatment integrated equipment comprises a detection module, a gradient purification module, an intelligent control module and the like; the detection module comprises a multispectral sensor and the like to realize accurate detection; the gradient purification module is divided into three layers, the surface layer uses nanoscale zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel to remove heavy metals, the middle layer uses beta-cyclodextrin and nano TiO2 to degrade organic matters, and the deep layer uses calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite to fix ions; the in-situ reaction strengthening module strengthens purification through ultrasonic waves, microwaves and the like; and the intelligent control module realizes automation and data management. By means of the integrated equipment and method, precise detection and efficient treatment of soil pollution are achieved; various pollutants can be treated, the use of chemicals is reduced, the cost and pollution risk are reduced, the soil ecology can be restored, the automation degree is high, the application range is wide, and the economic and social benefits are good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil pollution remediation and detection technology, and specifically to an integrated device for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution and a gradient purification method. Background Art

[0002] Farmland soil pollution has become a major challenge to sustainable agricultural development worldwide. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, coupled with the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production, a variety of harmful substances, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants, are accumulating in the soil, leading to deteriorating soil quality, reduced crop yields, and increased food safety risks. Traditional soil pollution detection methods often suffer from low accuracy, limited coverage, and the inability to monitor in real time. This makes it difficult to accurately grasp the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of soil pollution, thus compromising the precision and effectiveness of pollution control.

[0003] While existing remediation technologies, such as tillage and soil replacement, chemical leaching, and bioremediation, can mitigate soil pollution to a certain extent, they generally suffer from low remediation efficiency, high costs, high risks of secondary pollution, and severe damage to soil ecosystems. For example, traditional physical and chemical remediation methods require the use of large amounts of chemicals, which not only increases remediation costs but also may harm soil microorganisms and other organisms. Bioremediation alone, on the other hand, has a long remediation cycle and limited effectiveness in remediating highly contaminated soils, making it difficult to meet the rapid soil remediation needs of modern agricultural production.

[0004] In the current soil pollution detection and remediation process, detection technologies and remediation methods are often independent of each other, lacking systematicity and synergy. This separation makes it impossible to dynamically adjust remediation strategies based on real-time detection data, making it difficult to achieve accurate and efficient remediation of soil pollution. At the same time, traditional remediation technologies mostly use a single method to treat a single type of pollutant, which is not effective for remediating complex contaminated soils and cannot cope with the increasingly complex soil pollution problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a soil pollution detection and remediation technology that integrates efficient detection, precise remediation, and ecological restoration to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical problems solved

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an integrated device for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution and a gradient purification method.

[0007] (2) Technical solution

[0008] An integrated device for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution, comprising:

[0009] Detection module: consists of a multispectral sensor array, a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, a microfluidic chip detection unit, a Raman spectrometer, and a soil moisture sensor array;

[0010] Gradient purification module:

[0011] Surface purification layer: Filled with nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel composite material, it removes heavy metals through the following reactions:

[0012] Fe+Pb 2+ →Fe 2+ +Pb↓,Fe+Cd 2+ →Fe 2+ +Cd↓,Fe+Cu 2+ →Fe 2+ +Cu↓

[0013] Middle purification layer: attapulgite loaded with β-cyclodextrin and nano-TiO2, photocatalytic reaction occurs: TiO2+hv→h + +e - , h + +H2O→·OH+H + , OH+C6H6→6CO2+3H2O

[0014] Deep purification layer: containing calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite material, ion exchange reaction occurs: Mg6Al2(OH) 16 CO3·4H2O+nCrO4 2- →[Mg6Al2(OH) 16 (CrO4) n ] 2+ +CO2↑+(4+n)H2O

[0015] Surface-middle interface transition layer: filled with composite microspheres of nano-zero-valent iron and β-cyclodextrin, which produce a synergistic reaction:

[0016] Fe+2H2O→Fe(OH)2+H2↑, β-C 42 H 70 O 35 +C 10 H8→β-C 42 H 70 O 35 ·C 10 H8

[0017] Deep slow-release oxygen supply system: slowly releases oxygen through calcium peroxide particles, reaction formula:

[0018] 2CaO2+2H2O→2Ca(OH)2+O2↑

[0019] In-situ reaction enhancement module:

[0020] Ultrasonic generator, promoting reaction through cavitation effect:

[0021] 2H2O→·OH+·H,·OH+C 12 H 22 O 11 →12CO2+11H2O

[0022] Microwave radiation device to accelerate the breaking of chemical bonds:

[0023] Cu-O+hv(microwave)→Cu+O

[0024] Plasma generator, which generates high-energy electrons to bombard pollutant molecules:

[0025] e - (High energy) + C6H5Cl → C6H5· + Cl -

[0026] Electric field assisted system to promote the migration of charged particles:

[0027] Cr2O7 2- +6e - +14H + →2Cr 3+ +7H2O

[0028] Intelligent control module: Based on AI edge computing chip and 6G communication module, it has built-in digital twin system, reinforcement learning algorithm, satellite remote sensing data fusion unit and blockchain evidence storage system;

[0029] Ecological restoration auxiliary module:

[0030] Microbial agent spraying system: contains 12 independent liquid storage tanks, which store functional bacteria agents and react through biodegradation:

[0031] C6H 12 O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O

[0032] Plant seed precision sowing device: adopts air suction seed metering device and is equipped with seed-fertilizer integrated delivery system;

[0033] Soil enzyme activity activation system: injects oxygen and nutrients through a nanobubble generator to activate soil urease and catalase;

[0034] Biochar-microorganism composite preparation delivery device: Biochar particles loaded with functional bacteria are accurately delivered to the specified depth to repair the soil through the synergistic effect of adsorption and degradation.

[0035] Preferably, the multispectral sensor array of the detection module adopts a distributed arrangement, with a spacing of 10-15 cm between adjacent sensors, which can achieve three-dimensional scanning from the soil surface to a depth of 30 cm, with a scanning frequency of 1 time / second; the Raman spectrometer is equipped with an automatic focusing system with a focusing accuracy of ±0.05 mm, which can specifically identify microplastics with an identification accuracy rate of ≥95%.

[0036] Preferably, the surface purification layer of the gradient purification module is mechanically mixed with the soil by a spiral mixer, with a mixing depth of 15-20 cm, a rotation speed of 30-50 rpm, and a mixing uniformity of ≥90%; the middle purification layer adopts a pressure infiltration system, with an injection pressure of 0.3-0.8 MPa, a penetration rate of 5-10 L / min, and a penetration depth error of ≤±5 cm; the deep purification layer is equipped with a retractable injection arm, with an injection depth adjustment range of 50-100 cm, an injection hole diameter of 1-2 mm, and an injection flow error of ≤±3%.

[0037] Preferably, the ultrasonic generator of the in-situ reaction enhancement module adopts an array transducer layout with a transducer spacing of 5-10 cm, which can form a uniform sound field distribution and a sound intensity fluctuation of ≤±10%; the microwave radiation device is equipped with an intelligent power regulation system, which dynamically adjusts the power according to the soil dielectric constant, with an adjustment accuracy of ±50W and a temperature control error of ≤±5°C; the plasma generating device adopts a double dielectric barrier discharge structure with a discharge gap of 2-5 mm, which can generate atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma with an electron density of ≥10 15 / m 3 .

[0038] Preferably, the digital twin system of the intelligent control module updates the soil pollution model every 15 minutes, and the accuracy of predicting the diffusion trend of pollutants is ≥90%; the reinforcement learning algorithm is based on the Q-learning framework, and optimizes the purification parameters through the reward function, with a convergence speed of ≤2000 steps and a parameter optimization error of ≤±5%; the blockchain evidence storage system adopts a consortium chain architecture, with a block generation time of ≤5 seconds, a data storage capacity of ≥10TB, and a data transmission delay of ≤100ms.

[0039] Preferably, the microbial agent spraying system of the ecological restoration auxiliary module is equipped with a temperature control system to ensure that the storage temperature of the agent is maintained at 2-8°C, with a temperature fluctuation of ≤±1°C; the plant seed precision sowing device adopts a visual navigation system, with a sowing row spacing error of ≤±1cm and a sowing depth error of ≤±2mm; the soil enzyme activity activation system generates bubbles with a concentration of ≥10 nanobubbles generated by the nanobubble generator. 8 / mL, dissolved oxygen saturation ≥90%, average bubble life ≥30 minutes; the delivery depth error of the biochar-microorganism composite preparation delivery device is ≤±3cm, and the delivery amount error is ≤±2%.

[0040] Preferably, the gradient purification method of the integrated farmland soil pollution detection and treatment equipment comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1 Stereoscopic Detection: Using a multispectral sensor array, laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, and microfluidic chip detection unit, the system simultaneously collects spectral, elemental, molecular structure, and moisture data from a 0-1.5 m soil profile with a sampling interval of 0.2 m to construct a three-dimensional pollution distribution model with a spatial resolution of ≤5 cm.

[0042] S2 Intelligent Zoning: Based on a reinforcement learning algorithm, it divides polluted areas into hotspots, moderate zones, and light zones, and generates differentiated purification plans with a zoning accuracy of ≥98%;

[0043] S3 in situ enhanced reaction:

[0044] Apply a combination of ultrasound and microwaves to the hotspot for 5-10 minutes to destroy the pollutant structure and achieve a pollutant decomposition rate of ≥60%;

[0045] Injecting nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel triggers the redox reaction:

[0046] 3Fe+Cr2O7 2 +14H + →2Cr 3+ +3Fe 2+ +7H2O

[0047] 3Fe+2AsO4 3- +8H + →2As+3Fe 2+ +4H2O

[0048] Start the plasma generator to generate high-energy particles to further decompose refractory organic matter, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation reaction:

[0049] C 10 H8+24·OH→10CO2+16H2O

[0050] S4 gradient purification implementation:

[0051] Mild area: Spray nano zero-valent iron suspension on the surface and evenly distribute it through mechanical mixing to make the heavy metal ion removal rate ≥80%;

[0052] Moderate zone: β-cyclodextrin-TiO2 composite is injected into the middle layer, photocatalysis is turned on, and low-frequency vibration is applied to promote penetration, so that the degradation rate of organic pollutants is ≥90%;

[0053] Heavy metal leaching area: Deep injection of calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite and simultaneous application of an electric field to promote ion exchange and precipitation, reducing the heavy metal leaching concentration by ≥95%;

[0054] S5 Ecological Restoration:

[0055] Spraying functional bacteria to promote the degradation of organic matter:

[0056] C6H 12 O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O

[0057] C 12 H 22 O 11 +12O2→12CO2+11H2O

[0058] Injecting oxygen and nutrients through a nanobubble generator activates soil enzyme activity, increasing urease activity by ≥50% and catalase activity by ≥40%;

[0059] Sow restoration plants at a density of 30-50 plants / m 2 , plant survival rate ≥90%;

[0060] Adding biochar-microorganism compound preparation to the root layer can improve the soil microecology and increase the soil microbial diversity index by ≥30%;

[0061] S6 dynamic monitoring and optimization:

[0062] Soil data is collected every 2 hours to update the pollution model, with a data collection error of ≤±3%;

[0063] If the repair efficiency is less than 30% of the expected value, the purification parameters will be automatically adjusted and the response time will be adjusted to ≤10 minutes;

[0064] The blockchain evidence storage system records the repair process data in real time and generates an unalterable report containing at least 100 data points with a data accuracy of 0.01mg / kg.

[0065] Preferably, the preparation steps of the nano zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel composite material are:

[0066] Graphene oxide and FeSO4 solution were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:3, and NaBH4 solution was added dropwise under stirring at 300-500 rpm at a rate of 2 mL / min to generate Fe 0 Loaded on the graphene surface, the reaction formula is:

[0067] 2FeSO4+NaBH4+2H2O→2Fe 0 ↓+NaBO2+2H2SO4

[0068] After the addition is complete, continue stirring for 30 minutes, then freeze-dry at -50 ° C for 24 hours to form a three-dimensional porous structure with a specific surface area of ​​≥400m 2 / g;

[0069] The freeze-dried product was calcined at 400-500°C for 1-2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to improve the stability of the material and remove surface impurities.

[0070] Preferably, the purified soil must meet the following requirements:

[0071] Heavy metal leaching concentration: Pb≤0.2mg / L, Cd≤0.01mg / L, Cr≤0.5mg / L, As≤0.05mg / L, Hg≤0.005mg / L, Cu≤0.5mg / L, Zn≤2mg / L;

[0072] Residual organic pollutants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ≤ 0.1 mg / kg, organophosphorus pesticides ≤ 0.05 mg / kg, organochlorine pesticides ≤ 0.02 mg / kg, benzene series ≤ 0.01 mg / kg;

[0073] Soil ecological indicators: earthworm survival rate ≥ 90%, soil respiration rate ≥ 20 mg CO2-C / kg·d, soil enzyme activity recovered to 80-120% of the background value, soil microbial diversity index ≥ 3.5;

[0074] Soil physical properties: porosity increased by 10-20%, saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 15-30%, soil aggregate stability ≥0.5mm.

[0075] Preferably, the optimization strategy of the intelligent control module includes:

[0076] When the Cr(VI) concentration is detected to be greater than 10 mg / kg, the plasma enhancement system is automatically started and the dosage of nano-zero-valent iron is increased to 4 kg / m 2 , so that the Cr(VI) removal rate is ≥98%;

[0077] Dynamically adjust microwave power according to soil moisture to maintain the optimal reaction temperature. For every 10% increase in humidity, the power increases by 0.5kW accordingly. The temperature control error is ≤±5℃.

[0078] If the test data fluctuates by more than 20% for three consecutive times, the emergency repair procedure will be triggered, including doubling the amount of purifier added, extending the treatment time by 50%, and starting the enhanced repair mode of the ecological restoration auxiliary module to increase the repair efficiency by ≥40%;

[0079] A tamper-proof remediation report containing pollution data, treatment parameters, and effect verification is generated through the blockchain evidence storage system. The report contains at least 100 data points, with a data accuracy of 0.01 mg / kg, and the report generation time is ≤1 hour.

[0080] (3) Beneficial effects

[0081] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0082] 1. The integrated farmland soil pollution detection and treatment equipment and gradient purification method provided by this invention possess significant technical advantages and practical value. By integrating advanced detection units such as a multispectral sensor array and a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, the device achieves high-precision, three-dimensional detection of various harmful substances in the soil, including heavy metals and organic pollutants. This enables comprehensive and accurate acquisition of soil pollution information, providing a reliable basis for subsequent precise treatment. The collaborative operation of the detection module and the intelligent control module generates a three-dimensional soil pollution model in real time, enabling intelligent demarcation of contaminated areas and significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of pollution detection.

[0083] 2. The innovative design of the gradient purification module is one of the core advantages of the present invention. Through the gradient configuration of different purification materials in the surface, middle and deep layers, combined with the ultrasonic, microwave and other technical means of the in-situ reaction enhancement module, targeted treatment of pollutants of different depths and types is achieved. This gradient purification method can not only efficiently remove heavy metals and organic pollutants in the soil, but also reduce the use of chemical agents, reduce the cost of restoration and the risk of secondary pollution. At the same time, the introduction of the ecological restoration auxiliary module, through measures such as spraying microbial agents and plant restoration, can effectively restore the ecological functions of the soil while controlling pollution, and improve soil fertility and biodiversity.

[0084] 3. The intelligent control module is based on AI edge computing and blockchain technology, which realizes the intelligence of the detection and governance process and the traceability of data. The application of digital twin systems and reinforcement learning algorithms enables the equipment to dynamically optimize purification parameters according to real-time detection data, significantly improving the efficiency and effectiveness of remediation. Compared with traditional remediation methods, the technology of the present invention has a higher removal rate of soil pollutants, a shorter remediation cycle, and can simultaneously treat multiple types of complex pollution. In addition, this technology also has the advantages of high degree of automation, simple operation, and little damage to soil ecology. It can be widely used in the remediation of different types of contaminated farmland and has good economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0085] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the gradient purification method of an integrated equipment for farmland soil pollution detection and treatment;

[0086] Figure 2 is a bar graph comparing the improvement in soil respiration rate and soil porosity between the embodiment and the comparative example;

[0087] Figure 3 It is a line graph comparing the concentration before and after repair of the embodiment and the comparative example;

[0088] Figure 43. It is a bar graph comparing the removal rate and microbial diversity index improvement of the embodiment and the comparative example;

[0089] Figure 5 It is an integrated equipment module for farmland soil pollution detection and treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] according to Figures 1 to 4 , the specific implementation of the present invention is as follows:

[0091] Example 1: Restoration of a Heavy Metal-Contaminated Farmland

[0092] Equipment preparation

[0093] Detection module: The wavelength of the multi-spectral sensor array is calibrated, and its wavelength detection range is verified to cover 380-1100nm with a resolution of 3nm through a standard spectral source. The laser-induced breakdown spectrometer is calibrated with standard soil samples to ensure that the detection limit is stably maintained at 0.001mg / kg. The microfluidic chip detection unit is tested with a standard mixed solution of 16 pollutants, including heavy metal ions (lead, cadmium, chromium, etc.) and common organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organophosphorus pesticides, etc.) to verify its detection accuracy. The Raman spectrometer selects a wavelength of 532nm and scans standard samples of organic pollutants with known structures to confirm that the resolution reaches 1cm -1 ,The soil moisture sensor array is calibrated by soil samples with different ,humidity gradients, ensuring a measurement range of 0-100% and an accuracy of ±2%.

[0094] Gradient purification module: The surface purification layer is filled with pre-prepared nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel composite material. The pore size distribution is between 2-50nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas adsorption method. The middle purification layer is filled with attapulgite loaded with β-cyclodextrin and nano-TiO2. The specific surface area is 210m 2 / g. The deep purification layer is filled with calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, and its interlayer anion exchange capacity is 320mmol / 100g as determined by ion exchange experiments. Simultaneously, composite microspheres filled with nano-zero-valent iron and β-cyclodextrin are laid at the surface-middle interface. The particle size of the microspheres, as measured by a laser particle size analyzer, is 10-50μm. The deep sustained-release oxygen supply system is filled with calcium peroxide particles with a particle size of 1-3mm.

[0095] In-situ reaction enhancement module: The ultrasonic generator adopts an array transducer layout, with the transducer spacing set to 5 cm. The sound pressure meter is used to ensure that the sound field distribution is uniform, and the sound intensity fluctuation is controlled within ±10%. The set frequency is 20 kHz and the power density is 0.5 W / cm 2The microwave radiation device was set to a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 1 kW. It was also equipped with an intelligent power regulation system that automatically adjusted the power based on the soil's dielectric constant. The plasma generator used a dual-dielectric barrier discharge structure, with a discharge gap of 2 mm, a discharge voltage of 10 kV, and a frequency of 1 kHz. The electric field auxiliary system set the electric field strength to 0.5 kV / cm, and the electric field strength was monitored in real time using an electric field sensor.

[0096] The intelligent control module activates the AI ​​edge computing chip (12TOPS computing power) and the 6G communication module (1Gbps transmission rate), initializes the digital twin system, and calibrates it using simulated data with known pollution distribution, ensuring an error rate of less than 5%. The system is then integrated and debugged by activating the reinforcement learning algorithm, the satellite remote sensing data fusion unit (connected to the Sentinel-2 satellite data receiving system), and the blockchain evidence storage system.

[0097] Ecological restoration auxiliary module: In the 12 independent storage tanks of the microbial agent spraying system, a concentration of 10 9 The plant seed precision sowing device uses an air-suction seed meter, which is debugged with standard seeds to ensure a sowing accuracy of ±2mm and completes the calibration of the seed-fertilizer integrated delivery system. The soil enzyme activity activation system is activated, and a nanobubble generator is used to generate bubbles. The laser particle size analyzer detects that the bubble diameter is ≤50nm and the bubble concentration reaches 1.2×10 8 Prepare biochar particles loaded with functional bacteria, with a specific surface area of ​​620m 2 / g, load the biochar-microorganism composite preparation delivery device, and set the delivery depth and delivery amount parameters.

[0098] Gradient cleanup step

[0099] S1 Stereoscopic Detection: An integrated device was used to inspect the 0-1.5m soil profile of the target farmland, with a sampling interval of 0.2m. A multispectral sensor array, laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, and microfluidic chip detection unit operated synchronously. The multispectral sensor array acquired soil spectral reflectance data, the laser-induced breakdown spectrometer analyzed the soil's elemental composition, the Raman spectrometer detected the molecular structure of organic pollutants, and the microfluidic chip detection unit quantitatively analyzed the concentrations of 16 pollutants. A three-dimensional pollution distribution model was constructed, and the farmland was found to be primarily polluted by cadmium (Cd). The average concentration in the 0-30cm soil layer was 2mg / kg, resulting in a pollution index of 6, placing it in a hotspot.

[0100] S2 Intelligent Zoning: The intelligent control module's reinforcement learning algorithm demarcates the farmland into hotspots based on detection data and pollution distribution models, and generates targeted purification plans based on a preset strategy library, including the operating parameters and processing sequence of each module.

[0101] S3 in-situ enhanced reaction: First, a frequency of 20kHz and a power density of 0.5W / cm3 are applied to the contaminated area. 2 Ultrasonic waves and microwaves with a power of 1 kW were combined for 5 minutes to initially destroy the structure of the pollutants using the cavitation effect of the ultrasound and the thermal effect of the microwaves. Then, a 3 wt% concentration of nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel was injected through a pneumatic injection device (pressure 0.5 MPa), and a redox reaction occurred: Fe 0 +Cd 2+ →Fe 2+ +Cd↓. Finally, the plasma generator with a discharge voltage of 10kV and a frequency of 1kHz is started to generate high-energy electrons to bombard the residual pollutant molecules and further decompose the complex pollutants.

[0102] S4 gradient purification implementation: The surface purification layer is mechanically mixed with the soil through a spiral mixer (rotating speed 30rpm), and the mixing depth is controlled at 15cm to ensure that the nano zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel is evenly distributed on the soil surface. The middle layer is injected with 2kg / m3 through a pressure infiltration system (injection pressure 0.3MPa, infiltration rate 5L / min). 2 β-cyclodextrin-TiO2 composite, with a wavelength of 365nm and a light intensity of 1000μmol / m 2 / s photocatalytic system, and apply low-frequency vibration (30Hz, amplitude 3mm) to promote the penetration of the composite agent, and photocatalytic reaction to degrade organic pollutants. Deep use of hydraulic soil replacement drill bit to inject 3kg / m 2 calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite material, and simultaneously applied an electric field of 0.5 kV / cm to promote the ion exchange and precipitation of heavy metal ions with hydrotalcite.

[0103] S5 ecological restoration: through the microbial agent spraying system at 1L / m 2 The spraying concentration is 10 8 CFU / mL of functional bacteria agent, promotes the biodegradation of residual organic matter in the soil. Nanobubbles rich in oxygen and nutrients are injected into the soil using a nanobubble generator to activate soil enzymes such as urease and catalase. 2 Plant centipede grass at a density of 1.5 kg / m 2 The biochar-microorganism compound preparation is precisely delivered to the plant root layer through a delivery device to improve the soil microecological environment.

[0104] S6 dynamic monitoring and optimization: The detection module is activated every 2 hours to collect soil data, including indicators such as pollutant concentration, soil moisture, and enzyme activity, to update the pollution model. If the remediation efficiency is lower than the expected 80%, the intelligent control module automatically adjusts the purification parameters, such as increasing the ultrasonic power to 0.8W / cm 2 , extend the photocatalytic time, etc., and record all data in the repair process in real time through the blockchain evidence system, including equipment operating parameters, detection data and processing operations.

[0105] Repair effect

[0106] After two months of remediation, a comprehensive soil test revealed the following results: the Cd concentration was 2 mg / kg before remediation and dropped to 0.008 mg / kg after remediation; the soil respiration rate increased from 10 mg CO2-C / kg·d to 22 mg CO2-C / kg·d; the soil microbial diversity index increased from 2.1 to 3.8; the soil porosity increased from 30% to 38%; and the earthworm population increased from 5 / m 2 Increased to 20 / m 2 .

[0107] Example 2: Restoration of farmland contaminated by an organic pesticide

[0108] Equipment preparation

[0109] Detection module: The wavelength of the multi-spectral sensor array is calibrated, and its wavelength detection range is verified to cover 380-1100nm with a resolution of 3nm using a standard spectral source. The laser-induced breakdown spectrometer is calibrated using standard soil samples to ensure that the detection limit is maintained at 0.001mg / kg. The microfluidic chip detection unit focuses on the detection of organic pesticides, and uses standard samples of different types of organic pesticides such as organophosphorus and organochlorine to test and verify its detection accuracy. The Raman spectrometer selects a wavelength of 532nm and scans standard samples of organic pesticides with known structures to confirm that the resolution reaches 1cm -1 The soil moisture sensor array is calibrated using soil samples with different moisture gradients to ensure a measurement range of 0-100% with an accuracy of ±2%.

[0110] Gradient purification module: The surface purification layer is filled with pre-prepared nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel composite material. The pore size distribution is between 2-50nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas adsorption method. The middle purification layer is filled with attapulgite loaded with β-cyclodextrin and nano-TiO2. The specific surface area is 210m 2 / g, specifically checking the loading of β-cyclodextrin and nano-TiO2 to ensure photocatalytic efficiency. The deep purification layer is filled with calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, and its interlayer anion exchange capacity, as measured by ion exchange experiments, is 320mmol / 100g. Simultaneously, composite microspheres filled with nano-zero-valent iron and β-cyclodextrin are laid at the surface-middle interface. Laser particle size analyzer measurements indicate a particle size of 10-50μm. The deep sustained-release oxygen supply system is filled with calcium peroxide particles with a particle size of 1-3mm.

[0111] In-situ reaction enhancement module: The ultrasonic generator adopts an array transducer layout, with the transducer spacing set to 5 cm. The sound pressure meter is used to ensure that the sound field distribution is uniform, and the sound intensity fluctuation is controlled within ±10%. The set frequency is 25 kHz and the power density is 0.8 W / cm 2 The microwave radiation device frequency was set to 2.45 GHz, the power was adjusted to 2 kW, and it was equipped with an intelligent power regulation system that automatically adjusted the power according to the dielectric constant of the soil. The plasma generator used a dual-dielectric barrier discharge structure, with the discharge gap adjusted to 2 mm, the discharge voltage set to 15 kV, and the frequency set to 2 kHz. The electric field auxiliary system set the electric field strength to 0.8 kV / cm, and the electric field strength was monitored in real time by an electric field sensor.

[0112] The intelligent control module activates the AI ​​edge computing chip (12TOPS computing power) and 6G communication module (1Gbps transmission rate), initializes the digital twin system, optimizes the organic pollutant diffusion model, and calibrates it using simulated data with known pollution distribution to ensure an error rate of less than 5%. It also activates the reinforcement learning algorithm (loading a policy library for organic pollution remediation), the satellite remote sensing data fusion unit (connected to the Sentinel-2 satellite data receiving system), and the blockchain evidence storage system to complete the system integration.

[0113] Ecological restoration auxiliary module: In the multiple independent liquid storage tanks of the microbial agent spraying system, specific functional microbial agents that can degrade organic pesticides, such as white rot fungus spore suspension (concentration 10 8 CFU / mL). Alfalfa seeds were prepared using a precision plant seeding device. An air-suction seed meter was used, and standard seeds were used for debugging to ensure a seeding accuracy of ±2 mm. The integrated seed-fertilizer delivery system was calibrated. The soil enzyme activity activation system was activated, and a nanobubble generator was used to generate bubbles. The laser particle size analyzer was used to measure the bubble diameter, which was ≤50 nm and the bubble concentration reached 1.2×10 8 Prepare biochar particles loaded with functional bacteria, with a specific surface area of ​​620m 2 / g, load the biochar-microorganism composite preparation delivery device, and set the delivery depth and delivery amount parameters.

[0114] Gradient cleanup step

[0115] S1 Stereoscopic Inspection: Using an integrated device, the soil profile of the target farmland is inspected from 0-1.5 m, with a sampling interval of 0.2 m. A multispectral sensor array, laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, and microfluidic chip detection unit operate synchronously. The multispectral sensor array acquires soil spectral reflectance data, the laser-induced breakdown spectrometer analyzes the elemental composition of the soil, the Raman spectrometer detects the molecular structure of organic pollutants, and the microfluidic chip detection unit quantitatively analyzes the concentration of organic pesticides. A three-dimensional pollution distribution model was constructed, revealing that the primary contaminant in the farmland was organophosphorus pesticides, with an average concentration of 0.3 mg / kg in the 0-60 cm soil layer, resulting in a pollution index of 4, placing it in a moderately polluted area.

[0116] S2 Smart Zoning: The intelligent control module's reinforcement learning algorithm demarcates the farmland as a moderately polluted area based on detection data and pollution distribution models. It also generates a targeted purification plan based on a preset strategy library for organic pollution, including the operating parameters and processing sequence of each module.

[0117] S3 in-situ enhanced reaction: First, a frequency of 25kHz and a power density of 0.8W / cm3 are applied to the contaminated area. 2 Ultrasonic waves and 2kW microwaves are combined for 6 minutes, utilizing the cavitation effect of the ultrasound and the thermal effect of the microwaves to initially destroy the molecular structure of the organic pesticides. A 3wt% concentration of nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel is then injected via a pneumatic injection device (at 0.5MPa), utilizing its adsorption to concentrate some of the pollutants. Finally, a plasma generator with a discharge voltage of 15kV and a frequency of 2kHz is activated, generating high-energy electrons to bombard remaining pollutant molecules, further decomposing complex contaminants.

[0118] S4 Gradient Purification Implementation: The surface is sprayed with nano zero-valent iron suspension (1kg / m 2 ) and evenly distributed it on the soil surface through a mechanical mixer (speed 40 rpm), and the mixing depth was controlled at 15 cm. The middle layer was injected with 2 kg / m through a vibrating deep injection system (vibration frequency 30 Hz, amplitude 3 mm). 2 β-cyclodextrin-TiO2 composite, with a wavelength of 365nm and a light intensity of 1000μmol / m 2 / s photocatalytic system, and apply low-frequency vibration (30Hz, amplitude 3mm) to promote the penetration of the composite agent, and the photocatalytic reaction degrades the organic pesticide: OH + organophosphorus pesticide → CO2 + H2O + phosphate. The deep layer uses a hydraulic soil displacement drill to inject 3kg / m 2 calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite material, while applying an electric field of 0.8kV / cm to stabilize the soil structure and prevent pollutants from seeping in.

[0119] S5 ecological restoration: through the microbial agent spraying system at 1.2L / m 2 The spraying concentration is 10 8 CFU / mL of functional bacteria agent, promotes the biodegradation of residual organic matter in the soil. Nanobubbles rich in oxygen and nutrients are injected into the soil using a nanobubble generator to activate soil enzymes such as urease and catalase. 2 Plant alfalfa at a density of 1.5 kg / m 2 The biochar-microorganism compound preparation is precisely delivered to the plant root layer through a delivery device to improve the soil microecological environment.

[0120] S6 Dynamic Monitoring and Optimization: The detection module is activated every 2 hours to collect soil data, including organic pesticide residue concentration, soil moisture, enzyme activity and other indicators, to update the pollution model. If the remediation efficiency is lower than the expected 80%, the intelligent control module automatically adjusts the purification parameters, such as increasing the ultrasonic power to 1.0W / cm 2 , extend the photocatalytic time, etc., and record all data in the repair process in real time through the blockchain evidence system, including equipment operating parameters, detection data and processing operations.

[0121] Repair effect

[0122] A comprehensive soil test 1.5 months after remediation revealed the following results: the organophosphorus pesticide concentration was 0.3 mg / kg before remediation and dropped to 0.01 mg / kg after remediation; soil urease activity increased from 0.1 mg NH3-N / g soil / h to 0.18 mg NH3-N / g soil / h; soil aggregate stability (MWD) increased from 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm; the plant survival rate reached 92%; and the soil pH changed from 6.5 to 6.8.

[0123] Example 3: Restoration of a mixed polluted farmland

[0124] Equipment preparation

[0125] Detection module: The wavelength of the multi-spectral sensor array is calibrated, and its wavelength detection range is verified to cover 380-1100nm with a resolution of 3nm through a standard spectral source. The laser-induced breakdown spectrometer is calibrated with standard soil samples to ensure that the detection limit is stably maintained at 0.001mg / kg. The microfluidic chip detection unit is tested using a variety of standard solutions mixed with heavy metals and organic pollutants, including heavy metal ions (lead, cadmium, chromium, etc.) and common organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) to verify its detection accuracy for mixed pollutants. The Raman spectrometer selects a wavelength of 532nm, scans organic pollutants of known structures and standard samples containing heavy metals, and confirms that the resolution reaches 1cm -1 The soil moisture sensor array is calibrated using soil samples with varying moisture gradients, ensuring a measurement range of 0-100% with an accuracy of ±2%. To address mixed pollution scenarios, additional testing of mixed standard samples of multiple pollutants is performed to ensure the accuracy and precision of each detection unit for heavy metal and organic pollutants.

[0126] Gradient purification module: The surface purification layer is filled with pre-prepared nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel composite material. The pore size distribution is between 2-50nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas adsorption method. The middle purification layer is filled with attapulgite loaded with β-cyclodextrin and nano-TiO2. The specific surface area is 210m 2 / g. The deep purification layer is filled with calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, and its interlayer anion exchange capacity, as measured by ion exchange experiments, is 320mmol / 100g. Simultaneously, composite microspheres filled with nano-zero-valent iron and β-cyclodextrin are laid at the surface-middle interface. Laser particle size analyzer measurements indicate a particle size of 10-50μm. The deep sustained-release oxygen supply system is filled with calcium peroxide particles with a particle size of 1-3mm. Ensure that the performance and filling of the surface, middle, and deep purification layer materials, as well as the interface transition layer and deep sustained-release oxygen supply system materials, meet requirements, and check the compatibility of the materials in each layer.

[0127] In-situ reaction enhancement module: The ultrasonic generator adopts an array transducer layout with a transducer spacing of 5 cm. The sound pressure meter is used to ensure that the sound field distribution is uniform and the sound intensity fluctuation is controlled within ±10%. The set frequency is 30 kHz and the power density is 1.2 W / cm 2The microwave radiation device frequency is set to 2.45 GHz, the power is adjusted to 3 kW, and it is equipped with an intelligent power regulation system that can automatically adjust the power according to the dielectric constant of the soil. The plasma generator adopts a double dielectric barrier discharge structure, the discharge gap is adjusted to 2 mm, the discharge voltage is set to 20 kV, and the frequency is set to 3 kHz. The electric field auxiliary system sets the electric field strength to 1.2 kV / cm, and the electric field strength is monitored in real time by an electric field sensor. Equipment stability tests are carried out to ensure that the equipment can operate stably under the set parameters.

[0128] The intelligent control module activates the AI ​​edge computing chip (12TOPS computing power) and 6G communication module (1Gbps transmission rate), initializes the digital twin system, optimizes the mixed pollution simulation model for mixed pollution situations, and calibrates it using simulated data with known mixed pollution distribution to ensure an error rate of less than 5%. It also activates the reinforcement learning algorithm (loading the mixed pollution remediation strategy library), the satellite remote sensing data fusion unit (connecting to the Sentinel-2 satellite data receiving system), and the blockchain storage.

[0129] Comparative example: traditional repair method

[0130] Repair process

[0131] For farmland with the same pollution type and degree as Example 1, the traditional tillage and soil replacement method is used for repair. First, the 0-30cm contaminated surface soil is dug out and transported to a designated location for stacking. Then uncontaminated soil is transported from other areas and evenly backfilled into the farmland with a backfill thickness of 30cm. A tractor is used for plowing and leveling with a plowing depth of 20cm. For organic pollutants in the soil, only a simple biocomposting method is used for treatment. Organic materials such as straw and livestock and poultry manure are mixed with contaminated soil in a volume ratio of 1:1, and piled into strips 1.5m high and 2m wide. The piles are turned regularly and the composting time lasts for 2 months. The entire repair process does not use the integrated equipment and gradient purification method of the present invention, does not perform three-dimensional detection and intelligent zoning of soil pollution, and does not adopt in-situ reaction intensification, gradient purification and other technologies.

[0132] Repair effect

[0133] Three months after the restoration, the soil was tested and the data were as follows:

[0134] Before remediation, the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in the soil was 2 mg / kg, the soil respiration rate was 10 mg CO2-C / kg·d, the soil microbial diversity index was 2.1, the soil porosity was 30%, and the number of earthworms was 5 / m 2No organophosphorus pesticides were detected; after remediation, the cadmium concentration dropped to 1.2 mg / kg, the soil respiration rate increased to 12 mg CO2-C / kg·d, the soil microbial diversity index increased to 2.3, the soil porosity increased to 32%, and the number of earthworms increased to 8 / m 2 At the same time, the concentration of organophosphorus pesticides was detected to be 0.15 mg / kg.

[0135] The comparison of pollutant remediation effect data of the embodiment and the comparative example is shown in the following table:

[0136] Table 1

[0137] project Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example Concentration before repair 2 0.3 2.3 2 Concentration after repair 0.008 0.01 0.15 1.2 Removal rate (%) 99.6 96.7 93.5 40.0

[0138] Summary: The pollutant removal rates of Examples 1-3 are all above 90%, among which Example 1 (heavy metal pollution) has the best removal effect, reaching 99.6%; the removal rate of the comparative example is only 40%, and there is secondary pollution, which is significantly inferior to the gradient purification technology.

[0139] The comparison of the improved data of soil ecological indicators after restoration in the embodiment and the comparative example is shown in the following table:

[0140] Table 2

[0141]

[0142] Summary: The improvements in soil respiration rate, microbial diversity index, and porosity in Examples 1-3 were much higher than those in the control example, indicating that gradient purification technology can effectively improve the soil ecological environment, while traditional methods have a weaker effect on soil ecological restoration.

[0143] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated device for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution, characterized in that: include: Detection module: consists of a multispectral sensor array, a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, a microfluidic chip detection unit, a Raman spectrometer, and a soil moisture sensor array; Gradient purification module: Surface purification layer: Filled with nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel composite material, it removes heavy metals through the following reactions: Fe+Pb 2+ →Fe 2+ +Pb↓,Fe+Cd 2+ →Fe 2+ +Cd↓,Fe+Cu 2+ →Fe 2+ +With↓ Middle purification layer: attapulgite loaded with β-cyclodextrin and nano-TiO2, undergoes photocatalytic reaction: TiO2+hv→h + +e - h + +H2O→·OH+H + ,·OH+C6H6→6CO2+3H2O Deep purification layer: Contains calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite material, which undergoes ion exchange reaction: Mg6Al2(OH) 16 CO3·4H2O+nCrO4 2- →[Mg6Al2(OH) 16 (CrO4) n ] 2- +CO2↑+(4+n)H2O Surface-middle interface transition layer: filled with composite microspheres of nano-zero-valent iron and β-cyclodextrin, which produce a synergistic reaction: Fe+2H2O→Fe(OH)2+H2↑,β-C 42 H 70 O 35 +C 10 H8→β-C 42 H 70 O 35 ·C 10 H8 Deep slow-release oxygen supply system: slowly releases oxygen through calcium peroxide particles, reaction formula: 2CaO2+2H2O→2Ca(OH)2+O2↑ In-situ reaction enhancement module: Ultrasonic generator, promoting reaction through cavitation effect: 2H2O→·OH+·H,·OH+C 12 H 22 O 11 →12CO2+11H2O Microwave radiation device to accelerate the breaking of chemical bonds: Cu-O+hv(microwave)→Cu+O Plasma generator, which generates high-energy electrons to bombard pollutant molecules: e - (High energy) + C6H5Cl → C6H5· + Cl - Electric field assisted system to promote the migration of charged particles: Cr2O7 2- +6e - +14H + →2Cr 3+ +7H2O Intelligent control module: Based on AI edge computing chip and 6G communication module, it has built-in digital twin system, reinforcement learning algorithm, satellite remote sensing data fusion unit and blockchain evidence storage system; Ecological restoration auxiliary module: Microbial agent spraying system: contains 12 independent liquid storage tanks, which store functional bacteria agents and react through biodegradation: C6H 12 O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O Plant seed precision sowing device: adopts air suction seed metering device and is equipped with seed-fertilizer integrated delivery system; Soil enzyme activity activation system: injects oxygen and nutrients through a nanobubble generator to activate soil urease and catalase; Biochar-microorganism composite preparation delivery device: Biochar particles loaded with functional bacteria are accurately delivered to the specified depth to repair the soil through the synergistic effect of adsorption and degradation.

2. The integrated equipment for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multispectral sensor array of the detection module adopts a distributed arrangement, with a spacing of 10-15 cm between adjacent sensors, which can achieve three-dimensional scanning from the soil surface to a depth of 30 cm, with a scanning frequency of 1 time / second; the Raman spectrometer is equipped with an automatic focusing system with a focusing accuracy of ±0.05mm, which can specifically identify microplastics with an identification accuracy rate of ≥95%.

3. The integrated equipment for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface purification layer of the gradient purification module is mechanically mixed with the soil through a spiral mixer, with a mixing depth of 15-20 cm, a rotation speed of 30-50 rpm, and a mixing uniformity of ≥90%; the middle purification layer adopts a pressure infiltration system, with an injection pressure of 0.3-0.8 MPa, a penetration rate of 5-10 L / min, and a penetration depth error of ≤±5 cm; the deep purification layer is equipped with a retractable injection arm, with an injection depth adjustment range of 50-100 cm, an injection hole diameter of 1-2 mm, and an injection flow error of ≤±3%.

4. The integrated equipment for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic generator of the in-situ reaction enhancement module adopts an array transducer layout with a transducer spacing of 5-10 cm, which can form a uniform sound field distribution and a sound intensity fluctuation of ≤±10%; the microwave radiation device is equipped with an intelligent power regulation system, which dynamically adjusts the power according to the soil dielectric constant, with an adjustment accuracy of ±50W and a temperature control error of ≤±5°C; the plasma generation device adopts a double dielectric barrier discharge structure with a discharge gap of 2-5 mm, which can generate atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma with an electron density of ≥10 15 / m 3 .

5. The integrated equipment for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digital twin system of the intelligent control module updates the soil pollution model every 15 minutes, and the accuracy rate of predicting pollutant diffusion trends is ≥90%; The reinforcement learning algorithm is based on the Q-learning framework and optimizes and purifies parameters through reward functions. The convergence speed is ≤2000 steps and the parameter optimization error is ≤±5%. The blockchain evidence storage system adopts a consortium chain architecture, with a block generation time of ≤5 seconds, a data storage capacity of ≥10TB, and a data transmission delay of ≤100ms.

6. The integrated equipment for detecting and treating farmland soil pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent spraying system of the ecological restoration auxiliary module is equipped with a temperature control system to ensure that the storage temperature of the agent is maintained at 2-8°C, with a temperature fluctuation of ≤±1°C; the plant seed precision sowing device adopts a visual navigation system, with a sowing row spacing error of ≤±1cm and a sowing depth error of ≤±2mm; the soil enzyme activity activation system generates bubbles with a concentration of ≥10 nanobubbles through a nanobubble generator. 8 / mL, dissolved oxygen saturation ≥90%, average bubble life ≥30 minutes; the delivery depth error of the biochar-microorganism composite preparation delivery device is ≤±3cm, and the delivery amount error is ≤±2%.

7. The gradient purification method based on the integrated equipment for farmland soil pollution detection and treatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 Stereoscopic Detection: Using a multispectral sensor array, laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, and microfluidic chip detection unit, the system simultaneously collects spectral, elemental, molecular structure, and moisture data from a 0-1.5 m soil profile with a sampling interval of 0.2 m to construct a three-dimensional pollution distribution model with a spatial resolution of ≤5 cm. S2 Intelligent Zoning: Based on a reinforcement learning algorithm, it divides polluted areas into hotspots, moderate zones, and light zones, and generates differentiated purification plans with a zoning accuracy of ≥98%; S3 in situ enhanced reaction: Apply a combination of ultrasound and microwaves to the hotspot for 5-10 minutes to destroy the pollutant structure and achieve a pollutant decomposition rate of ≥60%; Injecting nano-zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel triggers the redox reaction: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">3Fe+Cr2O7<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 2- <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +14H<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> + <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> →2Cr<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 3+ <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +3Fe<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 2+ <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +7H2O <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">3Fe+2A<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> S <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> O4<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 3- <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +8H<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> + <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> →2As+3Fe<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 2+ <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +4H2O Start the plasma generator to generate high-energy particles to further decompose refractory organic matter, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation reaction: C 10 H8+24·OH→10CO2+16H2O S4 gradient purification implementation: Mild area: Spray nano zero-valent iron suspension on the surface and evenly distribute it through mechanical mixing to make the heavy metal ion removal rate ≥80%; Moderate zone: β-cyclodextrin-TiO2 composite is injected into the middle layer, photocatalysis is turned on, and low-frequency vibration is applied to promote penetration, so that the degradation rate of organic pollutants is ≥90%; Heavy zone: Deep injection of calcium magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, while applying an electric field, promotes ion exchange and precipitation, reducing the heavy metal leaching concentration by ≥95%; S5 Ecological Restoration: Spraying functional bacteria to promote the degradation of organic matter: C6H 12 O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O C 12 H 22 O 11 +12O2→12CO2+11H2O Injecting oxygen and nutrients through a nanobubble generator activates soil enzyme activity, increasing urease activity by ≥50% and catalase activity by ≥40%; Sow restoration plants at a density of 30-50 plants / m 2 , plant survival rate ≥90%; Adding biochar-microorganism compound preparation to the root layer can improve the soil microecology and increase the soil microbial diversity index by ≥30%; S6 dynamic monitoring and optimization: Soil data is collected every 2 hours to update the pollution model, with a data collection error of ≤±3%; If the repair efficiency is less than 30% of the expected value, the purification parameters will be automatically adjusted and the response time will be adjusted to ≤10 minutes; The blockchain evidence storage system records the repair process data in real time and generates an unalterable report containing at least 100 data points with a data accuracy of 0.01mg / kg.

8. The gradient purification method of the integrated equipment for farmland soil pollution detection and treatment according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The preparation steps of the nano zero-valent iron-graphene aerogel composite material are as follows: graphene oxide and FeSO4 solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:3, and NaBH4 solution is added dropwise under stirring conditions of 300-500 rpm at a controlled drop rate of 2 mL / min to react and generate Fe 0 Loaded on the graphene surface, the reaction formula is: 2FeSO4+NaBH4+2H2O→2Fe 0 ↓+NaBO2+2H2SO4 After the addition is complete, continue stirring for 30 minutes, then freeze-dry at -50 ° C for 24 hours to form a three-dimensional porous structure with a specific surface area of ​​≥400m 2 / g; The freeze-dried product was calcined at 400-500°C for 1-2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to improve the stability of the material and remove surface impurities.

9. The gradient purification method of the integrated equipment for farmland soil pollution detection and treatment according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The soil after purification must meet the following requirements: Heavy metal leaching concentration: Pb≤0.2mg / L, Cd≤0.01mg / L, Cr≤0.5mg / L, As≤0.05mg / L, Hg≤0.005mg / L, Cu≤0.5mg / L, Zn≤2mg / L; Residual organic pollutants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ≤ 0.1 mg / kg, organophosphorus pesticides ≤ 0.05 mg / kg, organochlorine pesticides ≤ 0.02 mg / kg, benzene series ≤ 0.01 mg / kg; Soil ecological indicators: earthworm survival rate ≥ 90%, soil respiration rate ≥ 20 mg CO2-C / kg·d, soil enzyme activity recovered to 80-120% of the background value, soil microbial diversity index ≥ 3.5; Soil physical properties: porosity increased by 10-20%, saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 15-30%, soil aggregate stability ≥0.5mm.

10. The gradient purification method of the integrated equipment for farmland soil pollution detection and treatment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The optimization strategy of the intelligent control module includes: When the Cr(VI) concentration is detected to be greater than 10 mg / kg, the plasma enhancement system is automatically started and the dosage of nano-zero-valent iron is increased to 4 kg / m 2 , so that the Cr(VI) removal rate is ≥98%; Dynamically adjust microwave power according to soil moisture to maintain the optimal reaction temperature. For every 10% increase in humidity, the power increases by 0.5kW accordingly. The temperature control error is ≤±5℃. If the test data fluctuates by more than 20% for three consecutive times, the emergency repair procedure will be triggered, including doubling the amount of purifier added, extending the treatment time by 50%, and starting the enhanced repair mode of the ecological restoration auxiliary module to increase the repair efficiency by ≥40%; A tamper-proof remediation report containing pollution data, treatment parameters, and effect verification is generated through the blockchain evidence storage system. The report contains at least 100 data points, with a data accuracy of 0.01 mg / kg, and the report generation time is ≤1 hour.

Images