Physical-biological synergistic ecological prevention and control method for pseudoxanthium sibiricum

Abstract

The invention provides a physical-biological synergistic ecological prevention and control method for pseudoxanthium sibiricum, and relates to the technical field of plant prevention and control. The invention discloses a method for physically-biologically synergistically and ecologically preventing and controlling pseudoxanthium sibiricum. The method comprises the following steps: sowing alfalfa seeds in a plot where the pseudoxanthium sibiricum occurs in the first ten days of April; when the pseudoxanthium sibiricum plants are in a seedling stage to a vegetative growth stage, cradling is carried out; when the pseudoxanthium sibiricum plant enters a squaring stage, mowing close to the ground is carried out. The method not only has a relatively high prevention and treatment effect on the pseudoxanthium sibiricum, but also is high in working efficiency and simple and convenient to operate; the method is environment-friendly and has no adverse effect on non-target plants and soil ecology; the method has a remarkable economic value and ecological benefit synergistic effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant prevention and control, in particular to a physical-biological synergistic ecological method for preventing and controlling Cyclachaena xanthiifolia. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. is a malevolent annual invasive plant of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. of Asteraceae, which is originally from North America. It has strong vitality, strong adaptability, high seed yield, and fast spreading speed. Due to its strong growth, high-density population clustering, it causes serious harm to agriculture, animal husbandry, and human health. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent and control in the areas where Cyclachaena xanthiifolia is distributed.

[0003] Plants generally have strong regenerative ability. After being disturbed by the outside world, they can quickly restore growth through axillary bud germination, root regeneration, or stem regeneration. Therefore, if the mowing time is not properly selected, especially when the plant has not entered the critical stage of reproductive growth or has not formed the physiological weak period, the plant can quickly regenerate after mowing and restore the original growth speed in a short time, or even appear more vigorous compensatory growth. Existing research and management practices have shown that unreasonable mowing time will significantly reduce the prevention and control efficiency, increase the subsequent prevention and control cost, and may prolong the growth cycle of invasive species or weeds, making them further spread in the ecosystem.

[0004] The existing prevention and control measures for Cyclachaena xanthiifolia mainly include physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control, and biological replacement. Physical prevention and control usually uses manual removal or mechanical cutting in the seedling stage or vegetative growth stage of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia to reduce its aboveground biomass in the early stage; chemical prevention and control mainly sprays herbicides in the seedling stage to inhibit its growth or promote the death of the plant; biological replacement relies on the competitive ability of plants with certain economic value or ecological function such as Amorpha fruticosa, Medicago sativa, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Poa pratensis to limit the growth and expansion of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia in a long period.

[0005] However, the above existing technologies have different degrees of limitations: physical prevention and control cannot effectively inhibit the germination of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia axillary buds or stubble, and regeneration is common, which can lead to prevention and control failure; chemical prevention and control can promote the development of weed resistance under long-term and high-frequency use conditions, and can cause damage to non-target plants, decline in biodiversity, and even damage to the ecological environment; the biological replacement technology is difficult to establish a dominant population in the highly dense land of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia, and the introduced plants are often difficult to compete with it, resulting in limited replacement effect. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a physical-biological synergistic ecological method for preventing and controlling false sowthistle, which can prevent and control more than 90% of false sowthistle.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: The present application provides a physical-biological synergistic ecological method for preventing and controlling false sowthistle, comprising the following steps: S1, in early April, seeds of ecological restoration plants are sown in the false sowthistle occurrence plot; S2, when the false sowthistle plant enters the present budding period, ground cutting is implemented.

[0008] The ecological restoration plant is at least one of alfalfa, little rush, dogtail grass and black nightshade, and more preferably is alfalfa.

[0009] The biological principle of S1 step of the present application is that: (1) in early April, the ground temperature is moderate, and alfalfa can quickly germinate to form a competitive early-stage advantage; (2) the early-stage root system of alfalfa extends quickly, which can reduce the soil nitrogen and water availability, thereby inhibiting the growth of false sowthistle seedlings from the source; (3) the early-stage coverage of alfalfa can weaken the light acquisition of false sowthistle seedlings, making them more easily suppressed in subsequent mowing.

[0010] The biological principle of S2 step is that: (1) the present budding period is the stage when false sowthistle concentrates nutrients to reproductive organs, and mowing at this time can directly cut off the key reproductive structure, so that it cannot continue to complete flowering and fruiting; (2) low cutting at this time can significantly weaken the stored nutrients in the plant body, reducing the regenerative ability of the residual stubble lateral buds; (3) after the present budding period, the air temperature gradually decreases, and the sunshine shortens, so that even if the residual false sowthistle regenerates, its growth cycle is not enough to complete a new round of reproduction, and its fruiting ability is greatly reduced; (4) alfalfa has formed a relatively high coverage layer at this stage, which can quickly occupy light resources and space sites after mowing, effectively inhibiting the sprouting and secondary growth of false sowthistle.

[0011] After mowing in the present budding period, no additional interference is performed, and alfalfa is allowed to naturally expand. Under the advantages of sufficient light, water and nitrogen, alfalfa quickly forms a stable coverage, continuously inhibits the germination of false sowthistle stubble and the formation of new plants, and helps to establish a long-term stable competitive advantage community in the restoration area. The biological principle is: (1) the nitrogen fixation characteristics of alfalfa can improve the soil nitrogen status, so that it forms a sustained advantage in the later period; (2) the alfalfa canopy has strong shading effect, which effectively suppresses the utilization of light resources by false sowthistle; (3) the alfalfa root system will enhance the soil occupation ability after expansion, and improve the competitiveness for water and nutrients; (4) the perennial characteristics of alfalfa enable it to continue to inhibit the germination of false sowthistle in the second year, thereby reducing the subsequent management cost of the land.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: 1. High work efficiency, simple operation. The application can be implemented by using a common mower commonly used in the local area, without the need for large machinery or complex equipment. After completing the early spring sowing of alfalfa, only one low-level mechanical mowing at the bud stage of nodding thistle is needed to achieve significant control effect, and the control rate of nodding thistle can be increased to more than 90%. Compared with the traditional method of multiple mowing or long-term manual removal, the labor and operation cost are greatly reduced, and it is suitable for rapid promotion in large areas.

[0013] 2. Environmentally friendly, no adverse effects on non-target plants and soil ecology. The application does not rely on chemical herbicides and will not produce negative effects such as pesticide residues, drug resistance evolution, and biodiversity decline; compared with traditional physical removal, this method does not damage the soil structure and does not affect the soil microbial community and surface biological activity. In addition, the alfalfa used in the ecological restoration stage is a high-quality perennial forage grass with dual advantages of economic value and ecological value.

[0014] 3. Significant synergistic effect of economic value and ecological benefit. Alfalfa not only improves soil nitrogen conditions and improves land ecological quality, but also can be used as high-quality forage, honey powder source plants, and green manure resources, making the treatment area have composite benefits such as "weed control-ecological restoration-forage utilization", and improving the comprehensive income of the land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the application, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a field real object picture of the no treatment control group (group 1) in embodiment 1 of the application; Figure 2 It is a field real object picture of the pure mowing group (group 2) in embodiment 1 of the application; Figure 3 It is a field real object picture of the growth period mowing + ecological restoration group (group 3) in embodiment 1 of the application; Figure 4 It is a field real object picture of the bud stage mowing + ecological restoration group (group 4) in embodiment 1 of the application; Figure 5 It is a control rate graph of nodding thistle under different treatments in embodiment 1 of the application; Figure 6 It is a loss rate comparison graph of different ecological plants in embodiment 1 of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. If specific conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturers are adopted. If the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments are not indicated, the conventional products that can be purchased in the market are adopted.

[0018] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0019] A physical-biological synergistic ecological prevention and control method of false sowthistle, comprising the following steps: S1. In early April, seeds of ecological restoration plants are sowed in a false sowthistle occurrence plot; S2. When the false sowthistle plants are in the seedling stage to the vegetative growth stage, mowing is implemented. At this stage, the false sowthistle is still in the early stage of rapid vegetative growth and is sensitive to external damage, and mowing can greatly reduce its initial biomass accumulation. The biological principle is that: (1) the false sowthistle still relies on the main stem and young leaves to accumulate nutrients in the vegetative growth stage, and low mowing will directly damage the main photosynthetic organs, significantly weakening its compensatory growth ability; (2) at this stage, alfalfa has already emerged and begun to form initial coverage, and can immediately fill the space after mowing, limiting the false sowthistle from regenerating branches; (3) mowing in the growth stage can reduce the false sowthistle from further accumulating nutrients and differentiating branches, creating a more obvious inhibitory effect for subsequent mowing in the present budding stage.

[0020] S3. When the false sowthistle plants enter the present budding stage, ground mowing is implemented. This stage is a key window period for the reproductive growth of the false sowthistle, a large amount of nutrients are transferred to the flower organs and seeds, and it is the best time point for prevention and control effect.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the sowing amount of Medicago polymorpha in the above S1 step is 0.2-1.0 kg / mu. The ecological restoration plant is at least one of Medicago polymorpha, Setaria viridis and Solanum nigrum, and preferably Medicago polymorpha. It completes emergence, rooting and initial coverage in early spring, and forms a certain ground competition basis. Medicago polymorpha germinates fast, is poor in soil, has nitrogen fixation ability, and can occupy soil moisture, light and nitrogen resources before the false sowthistle enters the rapid growth stage, laying a foundation for subsequent niche occupation after mowing.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the time when the false sowthistle plants are in the seedling stage to the vegetative growth stage in the above S2 step is when the height of the false sowthistle plants is generally 10-25 cm.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the mowing height in the above S2 step is 0-5 cm from the ground.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the present budding stage of the false sowthistle plant in the above S3 step is in July-mid August.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the cutting height in the above S3 step is 0-10 cm. Since the height of the false sowthistle plant during the present budding stage has exceeded 1 m, it is difficult to cut, so it is as close to the ground as possible.

[0026] The features and performances of the present application are further described in detail below in combination with embodiments. Embodiment 1

[0027] In this embodiment, four basically identical plots are taken in the false sowthistle occurrence area, and various treatment modes are set: Untreated control group (group 1): no cutting or interference operation is performed, and is used for comparing the growth conditions of the false sowthistle in the natural state; Pure cutting group (group 2): 0-5 cm cutting from the ground is performed during the seedling stage and the vegetative growth stage of the false sowthistle, and no ecological restoration measures are assisted, and is used for evaluating the mechanical control effect; Cutting + ecological restoration: Growth stage cutting + ecological restoration (group 3): 0-5 cm cutting from the ground is performed during the seedling stage and the vegetative growth stage of the false sowthistle, and ecological restoration measures are assisted (100 seeds / m 2 of Medicago sativa, Chenopodium album, Setaria viridis and Solanum nigrum are sown in early April before physical cutting); Present budding stage cutting + ecological restoration (group 4): 0-10 cm cutting from the ground is performed once during the present budding stage (mid July-mid August) in the plot with low indigenous plant richness, and ecological restoration measures are assisted (100 seeds / m 2 of Medicago sativa, Chenopodium album, Setaria viridis and Solanum nigrum are sown in early April before physical cutting); Each treatment is set with 3 repetitions, each treatment plot is 1 m x 1 m, and a randomized block design is used to reduce environmental interference.

[0028] Sample collection: the aboveground parts of the false sowthistle and the ecological restoration plants in the sample plots are collected, and the fresh weight, i.e. the biomass, is measured, and there are 3 groups of repetitions in each group.

[0029] The growth conditions of the fields in groups 1-4 are shown in Figures 1-4

[0030] Data measurement: the false sowthistle control rate is calculated as (control biomass-treatment biomass) / control biomass x 100%, and the ecological restoration plant loss rate is calculated as (control biomass-treatment biomass) / control biomass x 100%.

[0031] The calculation results are shown in Figure 5 ​As shown, it indicates that the prevention and control rate of pure mowing treatment is the lowest, only about 55%; after mowing in the growth period combined with ecological restoration sowing measures, the prevention and control rate is increased to about 75%; and the comprehensive treatment effect of mowing in the present squaring stage + ecological restoration plant is the best, and the prevention and control rate exceeds 100%. It is shown that timely mowing combined with ecological restoration can significantly enhance the prevention and control effect of false alexanders.

[0032] In addition, the case of a plurality of ecological plants is as shown in Figure 6 As shown, it indicates that among the four ecological restoration plants selected in the experiment, whether mowing in the growth period or mowing in the present squaring stage, alfalfa has the smallest loss rate and is the most resistant to mowing interference.

[0033] In summary, the method for physically and biologically cooperating to prevent and control false alexanders according to the embodiments of the present application has the following advantages: 1. High work efficiency and simple operation. The present application can be implemented by using a common mower in the local area, without the need for large machinery or complex equipment. After sowing alfalfa in early spring, only one low-position mechanical mowing in the present squaring stage of false alexanders is needed to achieve a significant control effect, and the prevention and control rate of false alexanders can reach more than 100%. Compared with the traditional method of mowing multiple times or manually removing for a long time, the labor amount and operation cost are greatly reduced, and the method is suitable for rapid promotion in large-area plots.

[0034] 2. Environmentally friendly, without adverse effects on non-target plants and soil ecology. The present application does not rely on chemical herbicides, and does not produce negative effects such as pesticide residue, drug resistance evolution and biodiversity decline; compared with traditional physical removal, the method does not damage the soil structure and does not affect the soil microbial community and surface biological activity. In addition, the alfalfa used in the ecological restoration stage is a high-quality perennial forage grass, which has the dual advantages of economic value and ecological value.

[0035] 3. Significant synergistic effect of economic value and ecological benefit. Alfalfa can not only improve the soil nitrogen condition and improve the ecological quality of the plot, but also be used as high-quality forage, honey source plant and green manure resource, so that the treatment area has composite benefits such as “weed suppression-ecological restoration-forage utilization”, and the comprehensive income of the land is improved.

[0036] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for the synergistic physical-biological ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae*, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. In early April, seeds of ecological restoration plants were sown in the areas where the false cocklebur occurred; S2. When the false cocklebur plants enter the budding stage, perform ground cutting.

2. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the sowing rate of ecological restoration plants is 0.2-1.0 kg / mu, and the ecological restoration plants are at least one of alfalfa, lambsquarters, foxtail grass, and black nightshade.

3. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plant used for ecological restoration is alfalfa.

4. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 1, characterized in that, Between steps S1 and S2, the plant is also harvested when it is in the seedling to vegetative growth stage.

5. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 4, characterized in that, The period from the seedling stage to the vegetative growth stage of the *Xanthium sibiricum* plant was from May to late June.

6. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the *Xanthium sibiricum* plants during the seedling to vegetative growth stage is 10-25 cm.

7. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cutting height is 0-5cm above the ground.

8. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the budding period of the *Xanthium sibiricum* plant is from July to mid-August.

9. The method for physical-biological synergistic ecological control of *Xanthomonas auricula-judae* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting height in step S2 is 0-10cm.

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