Experimental device and method for dangerous rock mass collapse induced by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses an experiment device and method for dangerous rock mass collapse induced by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering simulation experiments, and the device comprises a counter-force supporting assembly, an earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application assembly, an engineering excavation disturbance simulation application assembly and an acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation assembly; the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation applying assembly, the engineering excavation disturbance simulation applying assembly and the acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation assembly are all arranged on the counter-force supporting assembly, and the slope dangerous rock mass model is located in the counter-force supporting assembly. The experimental device can simulate influence factors such as earthquakes, engineering excavation, acid rain corrosion, rainfall and river scouring, the influence factors can be combined at will to simulate the inoculation and induction process of dangerous rock mass collapse disasters under the coupling condition of the various influence factors, and an experimental conclusion is obtained on the basis. The method can reflect the inoculation and induction mechanism of the dangerous rock mass collapse disaster more truly, and provides technical support for the prediction and forecast of the dangerous rock mass collapse disaster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering simulation experiments, and in particular relates to an experimental device and method for earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock mass collapse. Background Art

[0002] Dangerous rock mass on slopes is a rock mass with potential conditions for collapse. The collapse of dangerous rock mass is one of the more common geological disasters. The formation, instability and destruction process of dangerous rock mass are affected by many factors, such as earthquakes, engineering excavation, acid rain corrosion, rainfall, river erosion, etc.

[0003] After the collapse of dangerous rock mass occurs, the disaster-causing speed is extremely fast, which makes it difficult to obtain various parameters of the dangerous rock mass on the slope during the destruction process, thus bringing difficulties to the prediction and forecast of dangerous rock mass collapse disasters.

[0004] Therefore, laboratory-based physical model experiments have become an effective means of studying dangerous rock collapse hazards. However, existing dangerous rock collapse experimental equipment generally has a single function problem and can only simulate a single influencing factor. In reality, dangerous rock collapses are generally the result of the coupling of multiple factors. Therefore, the experimental conclusions obtained by traditional dangerous rock collapse experimental equipment cannot truly reflect the incubation and induction mechanisms of dangerous rock collapse hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an experimental device and method for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling, which can simulate influencing factors such as earthquakes, engineering excavation, acid rain corrosion, rainfall, river scouring, etc., and can arbitrarily combine the influencing factors to simulate the gestation and induction process of dangerous rock collapse disasters under the coupling conditions of various influencing factors. The experimental conclusions obtained on this basis can more realistically reflect the gestation and induction mechanism of dangerous rock collapse disasters, and provide technical support for the prediction and forecast of dangerous rock collapse disasters.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock mass collapse experimental device, including a reaction force support component, an earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component, an engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component and an acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component; the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component, the engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component and the acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component are all arranged on the reaction force support component, and the slope dangerous rock mass model is located in the reaction force support component.

[0007] The reaction support assembly includes an L-shaped base, a slide rail, a slider, a support plate, a bottom plate, a column and a top plate; the slide rail is horizontally fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base, and the slide rail adopts a parallel multi-track structure; the slider is arranged on the slide rail, and the number of sliders on each slide rail is not less than two; the support plate is horizontally fixed on the slider; the bottom plate is horizontally placed on the upper surface of the support plate; the column is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the columns are evenly distributed at the four corner points of the bottom plate; the top plate is horizontally fixed on the top of the column, and the slope dangerous rock model is placed on the upper surface of the bottom plate; a fence is set between the columns.

[0008] A slope dangerous rock model posture fine-adjustment component is arranged inside the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base; the slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment component includes a slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder and a posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole; the posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole is arranged on the lower surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base, and the posture adjustment cylinder mounting holes are distributed in a matrix manner. A slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder is vertically fixed in each posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole, and the piston rod of the slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder is facing the ground.

[0009] The earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component includes an earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder and a lifting position adjustment mechanism; the lifting position adjustment mechanism includes a lifting adjustment motor, a lifting adjustment screw rod, a lifting adjustment guide light rod, a lifting adjustment nut slide, a lifting adjustment motor mounting seat and a lifting adjustment support seat; the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat is horizontally fixed on the top of the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base; the lifting adjustment motor is vertically fixed on the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat with the motor shaft facing downward; the lifting adjustment support seat is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base directly below the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat; the lifting adjustment screw rod is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the lifting adjustment screw rod is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the lifting adjustment motor through a coupling, and the lower end of the lifting adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the lifting adjustment support seat through a bearing; the lifting adjustment guide light rod is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the lifting adjustment guide light rod is fixed The cam is fixedly mounted on the lift adjustment nut slide, and the cam is fixedly mounted on the lift adjustment support seat, and the cam end of the lift adjustment nut slide is connected to the lift adjustment screw, and the slider end of the lift adjustment nut slide is connected to the lift adjustment guide light rod, and the lift adjustment nut slide is in sliding contact with the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base; the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder is horizontally arranged and the piston rod is directly opposite to the slope dangerous rock model, and the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder is fixedly mounted on the lift adjustment nut slide; a clearance slot hole is vertically arranged on the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base, and a locking positioning screw is passed through the clearance slot hole, and the locking positioning screw adopts a parallel double-rod structure; one end of the locking positioning screw is fixedly connected to the lift adjustment nut slide, and a limit baffle is arranged at the other end of the locking positioning screw, and a locking positioning nut is arranged on the locking positioning screw outside the limit baffle.

[0010] The earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder is equipped with an accumulator group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a valve seat for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, an electro-hydraulic servo valve group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a force sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a displacement sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation and a loading pressure head for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation; the accumulator group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged at the top end of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base; the valve seat for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the cylinder body of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; the electro-hydraulic servo valve group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the valve seat for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation; the force sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is coaxially fixedly mounted on the end of the piston rod of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; the displacement sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is built-in and installed between the piston rod and the cylinder body of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; the loading pressure head for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is coaxially fixedly mounted on the force sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation.

[0011] The engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component includes an engineering excavation disturbance simulation oil cylinder and a horizontal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal position adjustment mechanism includes a first horizontal position adjustment motor, a first horizontal position adjustment screw rod, a second horizontal position adjustment motor, a second horizontal position adjustment screw rod, a first horizontal position adjustment nut slide, a third horizontal position adjustment motor, a third horizontal position adjustment screw rod and a second horizontal position adjustment nut slide; the first horizontal position adjustment motor is horizontally fixed on the top plate; one end of the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod is coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the first horizontal position adjustment motor through a coupling, and the other end of the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the top plate through a bearing; the second horizontal position adjustment motor is horizontally fixed on the top plate; one end of the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod is coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the second horizontal position adjustment motor through a coupling, and the other end of the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the top plate through a bearing, and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod is distributed parallel to the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod; the One end of the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide is connected to the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod through the first nut, and the other end of the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide is connected to the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod through the second nut; the third horizontal position adjustment motor is horizontally fixed on the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide; one end of the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod is coaxially fixed with the motor shaft of the third horizontal position adjustment motor through a coupling, and the other end of the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod through a bearing, and the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod is vertically distributed to the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod; the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide is connected to the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod through the third nut, and the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide is in sliding contact with the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide; the engineering excavation disturbance simulation oil cylinder is vertically arranged with the piston rod facing downward and facing the slope dangerous rock model, and the engineering excavation disturbance simulation oil cylinder is fixedly mounted on the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide.

[0012] The engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder is equipped with an accumulator group for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a valve seat for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, an electro-hydraulic servo valve for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a force sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a displacement sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation and a loading pressure head for engineering excavation disturbance simulation; the valve seat for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the top plate; the accumulator group for engineering excavation disturbance simulation and the electro-hydraulic servo valve for engineering excavation disturbance simulation are both arranged on the valve seat for engineering excavation disturbance simulation; the force sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is coaxially fixed on the end of the piston rod of the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder; the displacement sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is built-in and installed between the piston rod and the cylinder body of the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder; the loading pressure head for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is coaxially fixed on the force sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation.

[0013] The acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component includes an inlet electric pump, an inlet control valve, a drainage electric pump, a drainage control valve, a water pumping electric pump, a water pumping pipe, a water guide pipe, a spray pipe and a liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank is arranged outside the L-shaped base, and the liquid storage tank is used to store acid rain simulation liquid or clean water; the inlet electric pump is fixedly installed on the outside of the enclosure, the water inlet of the inlet electric pump is connected to the water outlet of the liquid storage tank, and the water outlet of the inlet electric pump is connected to the water inlet on the enclosure through the water inlet pipe; the inlet control valve is installed on the water inlet pipe; the drainage electric pump is fixedly installed on the outside of the enclosure, and the inlet of the drainage electric pump is connected to the water outlet of the liquid storage tank. The water outlet is connected with the water outlet on the enclosure through the outlet pipe, and the water outlet of the drainage electric pump is connected with the return water outlet of the liquid storage tank; the drainage control valve is installed on the outlet pipe; the water pumping electric pump is fixed on the inner side of the enclosure; the water pumping pipe is connected to the water inlet of the water pumping electric pump, and the water guide pipe is connected to the water outlet of the water pumping electric pump; the spray pipe is fixed horizontally on the lower surface of the top plate, and a number of spray holes are opened on the pipe body of the spray pipe, and the spray pipe is connected to the water guide pipe; a wave-making cylinder is fixed horizontally on the inner side of the enclosure, and a wave-making push plate is fixed at the end of the piston rod of the wave-making cylinder.

[0014] The dangerous rock mass model of the slope is equipped with a high-frequency acoustic emission detector, a low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector, a crack meter, a laser Doppler vibrometer and a high-speed camera; the high-frequency acoustic emission detector and the low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector are both installed on the main structural surface of the dangerous rock mass model of the slope; the crack meter is installed at the artificial cracks of the dangerous rock mass model of the slope; the laser Doppler vibrometer is set outside the enclosure, and the probe of the laser Doppler vibrometer is facing the dangerous rock mass model of the slope; the high-speed camera is fixed under the top plate, and the lens of the high-speed camera is facing the dangerous rock mass model of the slope.

[0015] An experimental method for earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse, using the earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse experimental device, specifically: ①. When it is necessary to simulate the application of seismic dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first start the lifting adjustment motor to drive the lifting adjustment screw to rotate, and the rotational motion of the lifting adjustment screw is synchronously converted into the lifting linear motion of the lifting adjustment nut slide until the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder moves to the set loading position, then tighten the locking positioning nut to lock the lifting adjustment nut slide on the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base, and then start the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder to apply dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope from the side through the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; after the dynamic disturbance is applied, adjust the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder back to the initial position; ②. When it is necessary to simulate the application of engineering excavation disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first, synchronously start the first horizontal position adjustment motor and the second horizontal position adjustment motor to drive the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod to rotate in the same direction and speed, and the rotational motion of the two is synchronously converted into the horizontal transverse linear motion of the first horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide, then start the third horizontal position adjustment motor to drive the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod to rotate, and the rotational motion of the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod is synchronously converted into the horizontal longitudinal linear motion of the second horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide, until the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder moves to the set loading position, and then start the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder, and apply dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope vertically through the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder; when the dynamic disturbance is applied, adjust the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder back to the initial position; ③. When it is necessary to simulate acid rain corrosion on the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first store the acid rain simulation liquid in the liquid storage tank, then open the water inlet control valve, and then start the water inlet electric pump to inject the acid rain simulation liquid in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure. When the liquid level of the acid rain simulation liquid in the enclosure reaches the set value, close the water inlet control valve and the water inlet electric pump, and then start the water pumping electric pump to transport the acid rain simulation liquid accumulated in the enclosure to the spray pipe, and finally flow out from the spray holes on the spray pipe to form acid rain. The acid rain is used to corrode the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, and the acid rain simulation liquid circulates between the enclosure and the spray pipe. When the acid rain corrosion is completed, open the drainage control valve first, and then start the water pumping electric pump until all the acid rain simulation liquid accumulated in the enclosure is transported back to the liquid storage tank. ④. When it is necessary to simulate rainfall scouring on the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first store the clean water in the liquid storage tank, then open the water inlet control valve, and then start the water inlet electric pump to inject the clean water in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure. When the liquid level of the clean water in the enclosure reaches the set value, close the water inlet control valve and the water inlet electric pump, and then start the water pumping electric pump to transport the clean water accumulated in the enclosure to the sprinkler pipe, and finally flow out from the spray holes on the sprinkler pipe to form rainfall. The dangerous rock mass model of the slope is scoured by rainfall, and the clean water circulates between the enclosure and the sprinkler pipe. When the rainfall scouring is completed, open the drainage control valve first, and then start the water pumping electric pump until all the clean water accumulated in the enclosure is transported back to the liquid storage tank; ⑤. When it is necessary to simulate surge scouring on the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first store the clean water in the liquid storage tank, then open the water inlet control valve, and then start the water inlet electric pump to inject the clean water in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure. When the liquid level of the clean water in the enclosure reaches the set value, close the water inlet control valve and the water inlet electric pump, and then start the wave-making cylinder to drive the wave-making push plate to move back and forth in a straight line. The movement of the wave-making push plate causes the clean water accumulated in the enclosure to form surge waves, which scour the dangerous rock mass model of the slope through the surge waves. When the surge scouring is completed, open the drainage control valve first, and then start the water pump until all the clean water accumulated in the enclosure is transported back to the liquid storage tank; ⑥. During the simulation of earthquake dynamic disturbance, engineering excavation disturbance, acid rain corrosion, rainfall scouring, or surge scouring on the dangerous rock mass model, if the dangerous rock mass collapses, all data collected by the high-frequency acoustic emission detector, low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector, crack meter, and laser Doppler vibrometer at the time of the dangerous rock mass collapse shall be recorded. At the same time, the image data of the dangerous rock mass collapse shall be recorded by a high-speed camera. The acquired data shall be directly used to analyze the incubation and induction mechanism of the dangerous rock mass collapse disaster; ⑦. The order of the experiments on the dangerous rock mass model for simulating earthquake dynamic disturbance, simulating engineering excavation disturbance, simulating acid rain corrosion, simulating rainfall scouring and simulating surge scouring is not limited. Experiments on induced dangerous rock mass collapse under different coupling conditions can be carried out by arbitrarily adjusting the experimental order and experimental combination.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock mass collapse experimental device and method of the present invention can simulate influencing factors such as earthquakes, engineering excavation, acid rain corrosion, rainfall, river scouring, etc., and can arbitrarily combine the influencing factors to simulate the incubation and induction process of dangerous rock mass collapse disasters under the coupling conditions of various influencing factors. The experimental conclusions obtained on this basis can more realistically reflect the incubation and induction mechanism of dangerous rock mass collapse disasters, and provide technical support for the prediction and forecast of dangerous rock mass collapse disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse according to the present invention (viewpoint one); Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse (enclosure not shown) according to the present invention (viewpoint one); Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse (enclosure not shown) according to the present invention (viewpoint 2); Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the combination of the L-shaped base and the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting position adjustment mechanism of the present invention; In the figure, 1 is an L-shaped base, 2 is a slide rail, 3 is a slider, 4 is a support plate, 5 is a bottom plate, 6 is a column, 7 is a top plate, 8 is a dangerous rock mass model of a slope, 9 is a posture adjustment cylinder of a dangerous rock mass model of a slope, 10 is a mounting hole of a posture adjustment cylinder, 11 is a cylinder for simulating earthquake dynamic disturbance, 12 is a lifting adjustment motor, 13 is a lifting adjustment screw rod, 14 is a lifting adjustment guide light rod, 15 is a lifting adjustment nut slide, 16 is a lifting adjustment motor mounting seat, 17 is Lifting and adjusting support seat, 18—allowing slot hole, 19—locking positioning screw, 20—limit baffle, 21—locking positioning nut, 22—accumulator group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, 23—valve seat for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, 24—electro-hydraulic servo valve group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, 25—force sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, 26—loading pressure head for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, 27—engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder, 28—first horizontal position adjustment motor, 29—first horizontal position adjustment screw rod, 30—second horizontal position adjustment motor, 31—enclosure, 32—first horizontal position adjustment nut slide, 33—third horizontal position adjustment motor, 34—third horizontal position adjustment screw rod, 35—second horizontal position adjustment nut slide, 36—accumulator group for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, 37—valve seat for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, 38—electro-hydraulic servo valve for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, 39— Force sensor for simulating engineering excavation disturbance, 40—loading pressure head for simulating engineering excavation disturbance, 41—water inlet electric pump, 42—water inlet control valve, 43—drainage electric pump, 44—drainage control valve, 45—water pumping electric pump, 46—water pumping pipe, 47—water guide pipe, 48—spray pipe, 49—wave-making cylinder, 50—wave-making push plate, 51—high-frequency acoustic emission detector, 52—low-frequency microseismic rupture signal detector, 53—crack meter, 54—high-speed camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse experimental device includes a reaction force support component, an earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component, an engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component and an acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component; the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component, the engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component and the acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component are all arranged on the reaction force support component, and the slope dangerous rock model 8 is located in the reaction force support component.

[0020] The reaction force support assembly includes an L-shaped base 1, a slide rail 2, a slider 3, a support plate 4, a bottom plate 5, a column 6 and a top plate 7; the slide rail 2 is horizontally fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base 1, and the slide rail 2 adopts a parallel multi-rail structure; the slider 3 is arranged on the slide rail 2, and the number of sliders 3 on each slide rail 2 is not less than two; the support plate 4 is horizontally fixed on the slider 3; the bottom plate 5 is horizontally placed on the upper surface of the support plate 4; the column 6 is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 5, and the columns 6 are evenly distributed at the four corner points of the bottom plate 5; the top plate 7 is horizontally fixed on the top of the column 6, and the slope dangerous rock model 8 is placed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 5; a fence 31 is arranged between the columns 6.

[0021] In this embodiment, there are three slide rails 2, and each slide rail 2 is evenly distributed with four sliders 3; there are four columns 6; there are four fences 31, which are made of transparent acrylic board; the L-shaped base 1 is made of high-strength steel; the bottom plate 5, the columns 6 and the top plate 7 are made of 09 chromium copper antimony steel; the surfaces of the bottom plate 5, the columns 6 and the top plate 7 are sprayed with anti-corrosion paint to further improve the corrosion resistance.

[0022] A slope dangerous rock model posture fine-tuning component is arranged inside the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base 1; the slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment component includes a slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder 9 and a posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole 10; the posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole 10 is arranged on the lower surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base 1, and the posture adjustment cylinder mounting holes 10 are distributed in a matrix manner. A slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder 9 is vertically fixed in each posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole 10, and the piston rod of the slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder 9 is facing the ground.

[0023] In this embodiment, the number of posture adjustment cylinder mounting holes 10 is four, and the number of slope dangerous rock mass model posture adjustment oil cylinders 9 is four; when the piston rod of the slope dangerous rock mass model posture adjustment oil cylinder 9 extends downward from the posture adjustment cylinder mounting oil hole 10 and supports the ground, it is only necessary to further adjust the extension of the piston rod of the four slope dangerous rock mass model posture adjustment oil cylinders 9 to achieve fine-tuning of the overall inclination of the reaction support assembly, thereby achieving fine-tuning of the inclination of the slope dangerous rock mass model 8.

[0024] The earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component includes an earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder 11 and a lifting position adjustment mechanism; the lifting position adjustment mechanism includes a lifting adjustment motor 12, a lifting adjustment screw rod 13, a lifting adjustment guide light rod 14, a lifting adjustment nut slide 15, a lifting adjustment motor mounting seat 16 and a lifting adjustment support seat 17; the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat 16 is horizontally fixed on the top of the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base 1; the lifting adjustment motor 12 is vertically fixed on the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat 16 with the motor shaft facing downward; the lifting adjustment support seat 17 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base 1 directly below the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat 16; the lifting adjustment screw rod 13 is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the lifting adjustment screw rod 13 is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the lifting adjustment motor 12 through a coupling, and the lower end of the lifting adjustment screw rod 13 is rotatably connected to the lifting adjustment support seat 17 through a bearing; the lifting adjustment guide light rod 14 is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the lifting adjustment guide light rod 14 is fixedly connected to the lifting The lower end of the lifting adjustment guide light rod 14 is fixedly connected to the lifting adjustment support seat 17 on the lowering adjustment motor mounting seat 16; the nut end of the lifting adjustment nut slide 15 is connected to the lifting adjustment screw rod 13, and the slider end of the lifting adjustment nut slide 15 is connected to the lifting adjustment guide light rod 14, and the lifting adjustment nut slide 15 is in sliding contact with the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base 1; the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder 11 is horizontally arranged and the piston rod is facing the slope dangerous rock mass model 8, and ... The cylinder 11 is fixedly mounted on the lifting and adjusting nut slide 15; a paving slit hole 18 is vertically provided on the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base 1, and a locking positioning screw 19 is passed through the paving slit hole 18, and the locking positioning screw 19 adopts a parallel double-rod structure; one end of the locking positioning screw 19 is fixedly connected to the lifting and adjusting nut slide 15, and a limiting baffle 20 is provided at the other end of the locking positioning screw 19, and a locking positioning nut 21 is provided on the locking positioning screw 19 outside the limiting baffle 20.

[0025] The earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder 11 is equipped with an accumulator group 22 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a valve seat 23 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, an electro-hydraulic servo valve group 24 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a force sensor 25 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a displacement sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation and a loading pressure head 26 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation; the accumulator group 22 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the top of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base 1; the valve seat 23 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the On the cylinder body of the simulation cylinder 11; the electro-hydraulic servo valve group 24 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the valve seat 23 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation; the force sensor 25 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is coaxially fixedly mounted on the end of the piston rod of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder 11; the displacement sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is built-in and installed between the piston rod and the cylinder body of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder 11; the loading pressure head 26 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is coaxially fixedly mounted on the force sensor 25 for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation.

[0026] In this embodiment, after the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder 11 is started, when the dynamic disturbance is applied to the slope dangerous rock mass model 8, the slope dangerous rock mass model 8, the base plate 5 and the support plate 4 will move as a whole along the slide rail 2 through the slider 3, thereby achieving the purpose of simulating the amplitude of the earthquake wave.

[0027] The engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component includes an engineering excavation disturbance simulation oil cylinder 27 and a horizontal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal position adjustment mechanism includes a first horizontal position adjustment motor 28, a first horizontal position adjustment screw rod 29, a second horizontal position adjustment motor 30, a second horizontal position adjustment screw rod, a first horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide 32, a third horizontal position adjustment motor 33, a third horizontal position adjustment screw rod 34 and a second horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide 35; the first horizontal position adjustment motor 28 is horizontally fixed on the top plate 7 ... One end of the adjustment screw rod 29 is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the first horizontal position adjustment motor 28 through a coupling, and the other end of the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod 29 is rotatably connected to the top plate 7 through a bearing; the second horizontal position adjustment motor 30 is horizontally fixed on the top plate 7; one end of the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the second horizontal position adjustment motor 30 through a coupling, and the other end of the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the top plate 7 through a bearing, and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod is distributed parallel to the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod 29; the first One end of the horizontal position adjustment nut slide 32 is connected to the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod 29 through the first nut, and the other end of the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide 32 is connected to the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod through the second nut; the third horizontal position adjustment motor 33 is horizontally fixed on the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide 32; one end of the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod 34 is coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the third horizontal position adjustment motor 33 through a coupling, and the other end of the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod 34 rotates with the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod 32 through a bearing. The third horizontal position adjustment screw rod 34 is vertically distributed with the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod 29 and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod; the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide 35 is connected to the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod 34 through the third nut, and the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide 35 is in sliding contact with the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide 32; the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27 is vertically arranged with the piston rod facing downward and facing the slope dangerous rock model 8, and the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27 is fixedly installed on the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide 35.

[0028] The engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27 is equipped with an accumulator group 36 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a valve seat 37 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, an electro-hydraulic servo valve 38 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a force sensor 39 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a displacement sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation and a loading pressure head 40 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation; the valve seat 37 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the top plate 7; the accumulator group 36 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation and the engineering excavation disturbance simulation The electro-hydraulic servo valves 38 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation are all arranged on the valve seats 37 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation; the force sensor 39 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is coaxially fixed on the end of the piston rod of the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27; the displacement sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is built-in and installed between the piston rod and the cylinder body of the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27; the loading pressure head 40 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is coaxially fixed on the force sensor 39 for engineering excavation disturbance simulation.

[0029] The acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component includes an inlet electric pump 41, an inlet control valve 42, a drainage electric pump 43, a drainage control valve 44, a pumping electric pump 45, a pumping pipe 46, a water guide pipe 47, a spray pipe 48 and a liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank is arranged outside the L-shaped base 1, and the liquid storage tank is used to store acid rain simulation liquid or clean water; the inlet electric pump 41 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the enclosure 31, and the water inlet of the inlet electric pump 41 is connected to the water outlet of the liquid storage tank, and the water outlet of the inlet electric pump 41 is connected to the water inlet on the enclosure 31 through the water inlet pipe; the inlet control valve 42 is installed on the water inlet pipe; the drainage electric pump 43 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the enclosure 31, and the inlet of the drainage electric pump 43 is connected to the water outlet of the liquid storage tank. The water outlet is connected to the water outlet on the enclosure 31 through the outlet pipe, and the water outlet of the drainage electric pump 43 is connected to the return water outlet of the liquid storage tank; the drainage control valve 44 is installed on the outlet pipe; the water pumping electric pump 45 is fixed on the inner side of the enclosure 31; the water pumping pipe 46 is connected to the water inlet of the water pumping electric pump 45, and the water guide pipe 47 is connected to the water outlet of the water pumping electric pump 45; the spray pipe 48 is horizontally fixed on the lower surface of the top plate 7, and a number of spray holes are opened on the pipe body of the spray pipe 48, and the spray pipe 48 is connected to the water guide pipe 47; a wave-making cylinder 49 is horizontally fixed on the inner side of the enclosure 31, and a wave-making push plate 50 is fixed at the end of the piston rod of the wave-making cylinder 49.

[0030] In this embodiment, since the acid rain simulation liquid is corrosive, during the acid rain corrosion simulation process, in order to improve the corrosion resistance and service life of each component, the water inlet pump 41, the drainage electric pump 43, and the pumping electric pump 45 can use a sealless magnetic acid-alkali resistant pump, the water inlet control valve 42 and the drainage control valve 44 can use a double-union ball valve, the water inlet pipe, the drainage pipe, the pumping pipe 46, the water guide pipe 47, and the spray pipe 48 can use polytetrafluoroethylene pipes; the wave-making push plate 50 can use a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, and the wave-making cylinder 49 can use a corrosion-resistant cylinder; the surfaces of the pumping electric pump 45, the pumping pipe 46, the water guide pipe 47, the spray pipe 48, the wave-making cylinder 49 and the wave-making push plate 50 are all sprayed with anti-corrosion paint to further improve the corrosion resistance.

[0031] The dangerous rock mass model 8 of the slope is equipped with a high-frequency acoustic emission detector 51, a low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector 52, a crack meter 53, a laser Doppler vibrometer and a high-speed camera 54; the high-frequency acoustic emission detector 51 and the low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector 52 are both installed on the main structural surface of the dangerous rock mass model of the slope 8; the crack meter 53 is installed at the artificial cracks of the dangerous rock mass model of the slope 8; the laser Doppler vibrometer is arranged on the outside of the enclosure 31, and the probe of the laser Doppler vibrometer is facing the dangerous rock mass model of the slope 8; the high-speed camera 54 is fixed under the top plate 7, and the lens of the high-speed camera 54 is facing the dangerous rock mass model of the slope 8.

[0032] In this embodiment, the surfaces of the high-frequency acoustic emission detector 51, the low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector 52 and the crack meter 53 are sprayed with anti-corrosion paint to further improve the corrosion resistance.

[0033] An experimental method for earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse, using the earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling-induced dangerous rock collapse experimental device, specifically: ①. When it is necessary to simulate the application of earthquake dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model 8 on the slope, the lifting adjustment motor 12 is first started to drive the lifting adjustment screw 13 to rotate, and the rotational motion of the lifting adjustment screw 13 is synchronously converted into the lifting linear motion of the lifting adjustment nut slide 15 until the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder 11 moves to the set loading position, and then the locking positioning nut 21 is tightened to lock the lifting adjustment nut slide 15 on the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base 1, and then the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder 11 is started to apply dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model 8 on the slope from the side through the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder 11; when the dynamic disturbance is applied, the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder 11 is adjusted back to the initial position; ②. When it is necessary to simulate the application of engineering excavation disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model 8 of the slope, the first horizontal position adjustment motor 28 and the second horizontal position adjustment motor 30 are first started synchronously to drive the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod 29 and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod to rotate in the same direction and at the same speed, and the rotational motion of the two is synchronously converted into the horizontal transverse linear motion of the first horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide 32, and then the third horizontal position adjustment motor 33 is started to drive the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod 34 to rotate, and the rotational motion of the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod 34 is synchronously converted into the horizontal longitudinal linear motion of the second horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide 35, until the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27 moves to the set loading position, and then the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27 is started to apply dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model 8 of the slope vertically through the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27; when the dynamic disturbance is applied, the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder 27 is adjusted back to the initial position; ③. When it is necessary to simulate acid rain corrosion on the dangerous rock mass model 8 of the slope, the acid rain simulation liquid is first stored in the liquid storage tank, and then the water inlet control valve 42 is opened, and then the water inlet electric pump 41 is started to inject the acid rain simulation liquid in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure 31. When the liquid level of the acid rain simulation liquid in the enclosure 31 reaches the set value, the water inlet control valve 42 and the water inlet electric pump 41 are closed, and then the water pumping electric pump 45 is started to transport the acid rain simulation liquid accumulated in the enclosure 31 to the spray pipe 48, and finally flow out from the spray holes on the spray pipe 48 to form acid rain. The acid rain corrodes the dangerous rock mass model 8 of the slope, and the acid rain simulation liquid circulates between the enclosure 31 and the spray pipe 48. When the acid rain corrosion is completed, the drainage control valve 44 is opened first, and then the water pumping electric pump 45 is started until all the acid rain simulation liquid accumulated in the enclosure 31 is transported back to the liquid storage tank. ④. When it is necessary to simulate rainfall scouring on the dangerous rock mass model 8 on the slope, first, store the clean water in the liquid storage tank, then open the water inlet control valve 42, and then start the water inlet electric pump 41 to inject the clean water in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure 31. When the liquid level of the clean water in the enclosure 31 reaches the set value, close the water inlet control valve 42 and the water inlet electric pump 41, and then start the water pumping electric pump 45 to transport the clean water accumulated in the enclosure 31 to the spray pipe 48, and finally flow out from the spray holes on the spray pipe 48 to form rainfall. The dangerous rock mass model 8 on the slope is scoured by rainfall, and the clean water circulates between the enclosure 31 and the spray pipe 48. When the rainfall scouring is completed, first open the drainage control valve 44, and then start the water pumping electric pump 45 until all the clean water accumulated in the enclosure 31 is transported back to the liquid storage tank. ⑤. When it is necessary to simulate surge scouring of the dangerous rock mass model 8 on the slope, first, clean water is stored in the liquid storage tank, then the water inlet control valve 42 is opened, and then the water inlet electric pump 41 is started to inject the clean water in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure 31. When the liquid level of the clean water in the enclosure 31 reaches the set value, the water inlet control valve 42 and the water inlet electric pump 41 are closed, and then the wave-making cylinder 49 is started to drive the wave-making push plate 50 to move back and forth linearly. The movement of the wave-making push plate 50 causes the clean water accumulated in the enclosure 31 to form surge waves, and the surge waves are used to scour the dangerous rock mass model 8 on the slope; when the surge scouring is completed, the drainage control valve 44 is opened first, and then the pumping electric pump 45 is started until all the clean water accumulated in the enclosure 31 is transported back to the liquid storage tank; ⑥. During the simulated application of earthquake dynamic disturbance, simulated application of engineering excavation disturbance, simulated acid rain corrosion, simulated rainfall scouring, or simulated surge scouring to the dangerous slope rock mass model 8, if the dangerous slope rock mass model 8 collapses, all data collected by the high-frequency acoustic emission detector 51, the low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector 52, the crack meter 53, and the laser Doppler vibrometer at the time of the dangerous rock mass collapse are recorded. At the same time, the high-speed camera 54 records the image data of the dangerous rock mass collapse. The acquired data are directly used to analyze the incubation and induction mechanism of the dangerous rock mass collapse disaster. ⑦. The experimental sequence of the simulated earthquake dynamic disturbance experiment, simulated engineering excavation disturbance experiment, simulated acid rain corrosion experiment, simulated rainfall scouring experiment and simulated surge scouring experiment conducted on the dangerous rock mass model 8 is not limited. By arbitrarily adjusting the experimental sequence and experimental combination, the induced dangerous rock mass collapse experiment under different coupling conditions can be carried out.

[0034] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of protection of the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling, characterized by: It includes a reaction support component, an earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component, an engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component and an acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component; the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component, the engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component and the acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component are all arranged on the reaction support component, and the slope dangerous rock model is located in the reaction support component.

2. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction support assembly includes an L-shaped base, a slide rail, a slider, a support plate, a bottom plate, a column and a top plate; the slide rail is horizontally fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base, and the slide rail adopts a parallel multi-track structure; the slider is arranged on the slide rail, and the number of sliders on each slide rail is not less than two; the support plate is horizontally fixed on the slider; the bottom plate is horizontally placed on the upper surface of the support plate; the column is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the columns are evenly distributed at the four corner points of the bottom plate; the top plate is horizontally fixed on the top of the column, and the slope dangerous rock model is placed on the upper surface of the bottom plate; a fence is set between the columns.

3. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: A slope dangerous rock model posture fine-adjustment component is arranged inside the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base; the slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment component includes a slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder and a posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole; the posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole is arranged on the lower surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base, and the posture adjustment cylinder mounting holes are distributed in a matrix manner. A slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder is vertically fixed in each posture adjustment cylinder mounting hole, and the piston rod of the slope dangerous rock model posture adjustment cylinder is facing the ground.

4. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation application component includes an earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder and a lifting position adjustment mechanism; the lifting position adjustment mechanism includes a lifting adjustment motor, a lifting adjustment screw rod, a lifting adjustment guide light rod, a lifting adjustment nut slide, a lifting adjustment motor mounting seat and a lifting adjustment support seat; the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat is horizontally fixed on the top of the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base; the lifting adjustment motor is vertically fixed on the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat with the motor shaft facing downward; the lifting adjustment support seat is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base directly below the lifting adjustment motor mounting seat; the lifting adjustment screw rod is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the lifting adjustment screw rod is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the lifting adjustment motor through a coupling, and the lower end of the lifting adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the lifting adjustment support seat through a bearing; the lifting adjustment guide light rod is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the lifting adjustment guide light rod is fixed The cam is fixedly mounted on the lift adjustment nut slide, and the cam is fixedly mounted on the lift adjustment support seat, and the cam end of the lift adjustment nut slide is connected to the lift adjustment screw, and the slider end of the lift adjustment nut slide is connected to the lift adjustment guide light rod, and the lift adjustment nut slide is in sliding contact with the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base; the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder is horizontally arranged and the piston rod is directly opposite to the slope dangerous rock model, and the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation oil cylinder is fixedly mounted on the lift adjustment nut slide; a clearance slot hole is vertically arranged on the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base, and a locking positioning screw is passed through the clearance slot hole, and the locking positioning screw adopts a parallel double-rod structure; one end of the locking positioning screw is fixedly connected to the lift adjustment nut slide, and a limit baffle is arranged at the other end of the locking positioning screw, and a locking positioning nut is arranged on the locking positioning screw outside the limit baffle.

5. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder is equipped with an accumulator group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a valve seat for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, an electro-hydraulic servo valve group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a force sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation, a displacement sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation and a loading pressure head for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation; the accumulator group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged at the top end of the horizontal support arm of the L-shaped base; the valve seat for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the cylinder body of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; the electro-hydraulic servo valve group for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the valve seat for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation; the force sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is coaxially fixedly mounted on the end of the piston rod of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; the displacement sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is built-in and installed between the piston rod and the cylinder body of the earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; the loading pressure head for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation is coaxially fixedly mounted on the force sensor for earthquake dynamic disturbance simulation.

6. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The engineering excavation disturbance simulation application component includes an engineering excavation disturbance simulation oil cylinder and a horizontal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal position adjustment mechanism includes a first horizontal position adjustment motor, a first horizontal position adjustment screw rod, a second horizontal position adjustment motor, a second horizontal position adjustment screw rod, a first horizontal position adjustment nut slide, a third horizontal position adjustment motor, a third horizontal position adjustment screw rod and a second horizontal position adjustment nut slide; The first horizontal position adjustment motor is fixedly mounted on the top plate; one end of the first horizontal position adjustment screw is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the first horizontal position adjustment motor through a coupling, and the other end of the first horizontal position adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the top plate through a bearing; the second horizontal position adjustment motor is fixedly mounted on the top plate; one end of the second horizontal position adjustment screw is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the second horizontal position adjustment motor through a coupling, and the other end of the second horizontal position adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the top plate through a bearing, and the second horizontal position adjustment screw is distributed parallel to the first horizontal position adjustment screw; one end of the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide is connected to the first horizontal position adjustment screw through the first nut, and the other end of the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide is connected to the second horizontal position adjustment screw through the second nut; The third horizontal position adjustment motor is horizontally fixed on the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide; one end of the third horizontal position adjustment screw is coaxially fixed with the motor shaft of the third horizontal position adjustment motor through a coupling, and the other end of the third horizontal position adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide through a bearing, and the third horizontal position adjustment screw is vertically distributed to the first horizontal position adjustment screw and the second horizontal position adjustment screw; the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide is connected to the third horizontal position adjustment screw through the third nut, and the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide is in sliding contact with the first horizontal position adjustment nut slide; the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder is vertically arranged with the piston rod facing downward and facing the slope dangerous rock model, and the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder is fixedly mounted on the second horizontal position adjustment nut slide.

7. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder is equipped with an accumulator group for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a valve seat for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, an electro-hydraulic servo valve for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a force sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation, a displacement sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation and a loading pressure head for engineering excavation disturbance simulation; the valve seat for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the top plate; the accumulator group for engineering excavation disturbance simulation and the electro-hydraulic servo valve for engineering excavation disturbance simulation are both arranged on the valve seat for engineering excavation disturbance simulation; the force sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is coaxially fixed on the end of the piston rod of the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder; the displacement sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is built-in and installed between the piston rod and the cylinder body of the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder; the loading pressure head for engineering excavation disturbance simulation is coaxially fixed on the force sensor for engineering excavation disturbance simulation.

8. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The acid rain corrosion and rainfall simulation component includes an inlet electric pump, an inlet control valve, a drainage electric pump, a drainage control valve, a water pumping electric pump, a water pumping pipe, a water guide pipe, a spray pipe and a liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank is arranged outside the L-shaped base, and the liquid storage tank is used to store acid rain simulation liquid or clean water; the inlet electric pump is fixedly installed on the outside of the enclosure, the water inlet of the inlet electric pump is connected to the water outlet of the liquid storage tank, and the water outlet of the inlet electric pump is connected to the water inlet on the enclosure through the water inlet pipe; the inlet control valve is installed on the water inlet pipe; the drainage electric pump is fixedly installed on the outside of the enclosure, and the inlet of the drainage electric pump is connected to the water outlet of the liquid storage tank. The water outlet is connected with the water outlet on the enclosure through the outlet pipe, and the water outlet of the drainage electric pump is connected with the return water outlet of the liquid storage tank; the drainage control valve is installed on the outlet pipe; the water pumping electric pump is fixed on the inner side of the enclosure; the water pumping pipe is connected to the water inlet of the water pumping electric pump, and the water guide pipe is connected to the water outlet of the water pumping electric pump; the spray pipe is fixed horizontally on the lower surface of the top plate, and a number of spray holes are opened on the pipe body of the spray pipe, and the spray pipe is connected to the water guide pipe; a wave-making cylinder is fixed horizontally on the inner side of the enclosure, and a wave-making push plate is fixed at the end of the piston rod of the wave-making cylinder.

9. The experimental device for induced dangerous rock collapse by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dangerous rock mass model of the slope is equipped with a high-frequency acoustic emission detector, a low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector, a crack meter, a laser Doppler vibrometer and a high-speed camera; the high-frequency acoustic emission detector and the low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector are both installed on the main structural surface of the dangerous rock mass model of the slope; the crack meter is installed at the artificial cracks of the dangerous rock mass model of the slope; the laser Doppler vibrometer is set outside the enclosure, and the probe of the laser Doppler vibrometer is facing the dangerous rock mass model of the slope; the high-speed camera is fixed under the top plate, and the lens of the high-speed camera is facing the dangerous rock mass model of the slope.

10. An experimental method for induced collapse of dangerous rock mass by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling, using the experimental device for induced collapse of dangerous rock mass by earthquake-excavation-acid rain coupling according to claim 9, characterized in that: Specifically: ①. When it is necessary to simulate the application of seismic dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first start the lifting adjustment motor to drive the lifting adjustment screw to rotate, and the rotational motion of the lifting adjustment screw is synchronously converted into the lifting linear motion of the lifting adjustment nut slide until the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder moves to the set loading position, then tighten the locking positioning nut to lock the lifting adjustment nut slide on the vertical support arm of the L-shaped base, and then start the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder to apply dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope from the side through the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder; after the dynamic disturbance is applied, adjust the seismic dynamic disturbance simulation cylinder back to the initial position; ②. When it is necessary to simulate the application of engineering excavation disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, the first horizontal position adjustment motor and the second horizontal position adjustment motor are first started synchronously to drive the first horizontal position adjustment screw rod and the second horizontal position adjustment screw rod to rotate in the same direction and at the same speed, and the rotational motion of the two is synchronously converted into the horizontal transverse linear motion of the first horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide, and then the third horizontal position adjustment motor is started to drive the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod to rotate, and the rotational motion of the third horizontal position adjustment screw rod is synchronously converted into the horizontal longitudinal linear motion of the second horizontal position adjustment screw nut slide, until the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder moves to the set loading position, and then the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder is started to apply dynamic disturbance to the dangerous rock mass model of the slope vertically through the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder; When the dynamic disturbance is applied, the engineering excavation disturbance simulation cylinder is adjusted back to the initial position; ③. When it is necessary to simulate acid rain corrosion on the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first store the acid rain simulation liquid in the liquid storage tank, then open the water inlet control valve, and then start the water inlet electric pump to inject the acid rain simulation liquid in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure. When the liquid level of the acid rain simulation liquid in the enclosure reaches the set value, close the water inlet control valve and the water inlet electric pump, and then start the water pumping electric pump to transport the acid rain simulation liquid accumulated in the enclosure to the spray pipe, and finally flow out from the spray holes on the spray pipe to form acid rain. The acid rain is used to corrode the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, and the acid rain simulation liquid circulates between the enclosure and the spray pipe. When the acid rain corrosion is completed, open the drainage control valve first, and then start the water pumping electric pump until all the acid rain simulation liquid accumulated in the enclosure is transported back to the liquid storage tank. ④. When it is necessary to simulate rainfall scouring on the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first store the clean water in the liquid storage tank, then open the water inlet control valve, and then start the water inlet electric pump to inject the clean water in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure. When the liquid level of the clean water in the enclosure reaches the set value, close the water inlet control valve and the water inlet electric pump, and then start the water pumping electric pump to transport the clean water accumulated in the enclosure to the sprinkler pipe, and finally flow out from the spray holes on the sprinkler pipe to form rainfall. The dangerous rock mass model of the slope is scoured by rainfall, and the clean water circulates between the enclosure and the sprinkler pipe. When the rainfall scouring is completed, open the drainage control valve first, and then start the water pumping electric pump until all the clean water accumulated in the enclosure is transported back to the liquid storage tank; ⑤. When it is necessary to simulate surge scouring on the dangerous rock mass model of the slope, first store the clean water in the liquid storage tank, then open the water inlet control valve, and then start the water inlet electric pump to inject the clean water in the liquid storage tank into the enclosure. When the liquid level of the clean water in the enclosure reaches the set value, close the water inlet control valve and the water inlet electric pump, and then start the wave-making cylinder to drive the wave-making push plate to move back and forth in a straight line. The movement of the wave-making push plate causes the clean water accumulated in the enclosure to form surge waves, which scour the dangerous rock mass model of the slope through the surge waves. When the surge scouring is completed, open the drainage control valve first, and then start the water pump until all the clean water accumulated in the enclosure is transported back to the liquid storage tank; ⑥. During the simulation of earthquake dynamic disturbance, engineering excavation disturbance, acid rain corrosion, rainfall scouring, or surge scouring on the dangerous rock mass model, if the dangerous rock mass collapses, all data collected by the high-frequency acoustic emission detector, low-frequency microseismic fracture signal detector, crack meter, and laser Doppler vibrometer at the time of the dangerous rock mass collapse shall be recorded. At the same time, the image data of the dangerous rock mass collapse shall be recorded by a high-speed camera. The acquired data shall be directly used to analyze the incubation and induction mechanism of the dangerous rock mass collapse disaster; ⑦. The order of the experiments on the dangerous rock mass model for simulating earthquake dynamic disturbance, simulating engineering excavation disturbance, simulating acid rain corrosion, simulating rainfall scouring and simulating surge scouring is not limited. Experiments on induced dangerous rock mass collapse under different coupling conditions can be carried out by arbitrarily adjusting the experimental order and experimental combination.

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