Precoding method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program

Abstract

The invention discloses a precoding method and device, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a program, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining communication configuration information, and determining the space angles of different users at a satellite side according to the communication configuration information; determining a target interference user of each user based on a space angle threshold and each space angle; determining the average channel power of each user according to the communication configuration information; determining a downlink precoding vector of each user based on the target interference user, the space angle and the average channel power of each user according to an average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion; and weighting the transmitting signal of each user based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain the transmitting signal of each beam. The embodiments of the present invention can reduce beam interference among multiple users, improve spectrum resource multiplexing efficiency, and reduce channel feedback overhead.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular to a precoding method, device, electronic device, storage medium, and program. Background Art

[0002] Satellite mobile communication systems offer wide coverage, flexible networking, and resilience to natural disasters. They provide high-bandwidth, flexible, and convenient internet access services to users worldwide, playing a vital role in both military and civilian sectors. The integration and complementarity of satellite mobile communication networks with terrestrial cellular mobile communication networks can support the ubiquitous Internet of Everything (IoE) and effectively address internet access challenges for users in remote areas, oceans, and aviation. Current satellite mobile communication systems generally employ a multi-beam architecture. However, co-channel interference between beams in multi-beam systems is an unavoidable problem. Existing multi-beam satellite communication systems typically employ a multi-color multiplexing scheme, where adjacent beams use different frequencies, while non-adjacent beams can use the same frequency band. This effectively reduces interference between adjacent beams, but it also suffers from the bottleneck of low spectrum resource reuse. To further utilize limited spectrum resources, multi-beam satellite communication can adopt a full-frequency multiplexing scheme, where all beams use the same frequency band. To mitigate the resulting increased inter-beam interference, more sophisticated signal processing methods are required at the transceiver end. Precoding technology can effectively solve the problem of interference between multiple users during downlink transmission. In traditional precoding technology, the transmitter needs to obtain instantaneous channel information of the downlink. However, the long propagation delay in satellite communications causes the channel state information to become outdated, and the frequent channel feedback overhead is also unbearable. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a precoding method, device, electronic device, storage medium and program to reduce beam interference between multiple users, improve spectrum resource reuse efficiency and reduce channel feedback overhead.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a precoding method is provided, wherein the method includes:

[0005] Acquiring communication configuration information, and determining the spatial angles of different users on the satellite side based on the communication configuration information;

[0006] Determine a target interfering user for each user based on a spatial angle threshold and each spatial angle;

[0007] Determining an average channel power of each of the users according to the communication configuration information;

[0008] Determining, according to an average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion, a downlink precoding vector for each user based on the target interfering user of each user, the spatial angle, and the average channel power;

[0009] The transmission signal of each user is weighted based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain a transmission signal of each beam.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, a precoding device is provided, wherein the device includes:

[0011] A spatial angle determination module is used to obtain communication configuration information and determine the spatial angles of different users on the satellite side based on the communication configuration information;

[0012] an interfering user screening module, configured to determine a target interfering user for each user based on a spatial angle threshold and each spatial angle;

[0013] a channel power determination module, configured to determine an average channel power of each of the users according to the communication configuration information;

[0014] a precoding calculation module, configured to determine a downlink precoding vector for each user based on the target interfering user, the spatial angle, and the average channel power of each user according to a criterion of maximizing an average signal-to-leakage ratio;

[0015] The signal weighting module is used to weight the transmission signal of each user based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain the transmission signal of each beam.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0017] at least one processor; and

[0018] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0019] The memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor. The computer program is executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the precoding method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a processor to implement the precoding method according to any embodiment of the present invention when executed.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, wherein the computer program product comprises a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the precoding method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention obtains communication configuration information, determines the spatial angle of each user on the satellite side based on the communication configuration information, and filters the spatial angle difference between each user according to the spatial angle threshold, thereby determining the target interfering user for each user, determining the average channel power of each user according to the communication configuration information, and determining the downlink precoding vector of each user according to the average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion according to each target interfering user, the spatial angle and the average channel power, thereby obtaining the transmission signal of each beam. The embodiment of the present application minimizes the interference signal leaked from each user to other users, thereby reducing inter-user interference and improving the spectrum utilization of the system. At the same time, the channel state information required for precoding is calculated by the communication configuration information, reducing the channel estimation and channel information feedback overhead, and reducing the system overhead required for precoding transmission.

[0023] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of multi-beam low-orbit satellite transmission provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a precoding method provided according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a precoding method provided according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of a beam and user distribution provided according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a precoding device provided according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a precoding method provided according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing a comparison of downlink precoding performance according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a precoding device provided according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of an electronic device for implementing the precoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam satellite communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1 , a low-orbit satellite at a height of H above the ground serves multiple ground mobile users. The satellite side is equipped with a uniform planar array antenna (UPA), and the number of antennas on the x-axis and y-axis are M respectively. x and M y , the total number of antennas is The user side is equipped with a single antenna, and the spatial interval between different users is usually greater than several times the wavelength. Therefore, the channels between the satellite and different users can be considered unrelated.

[0037] Satellite communication can adopt the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, where the number of subcarriers is N. sc , the cyclic prefix (CP) length is N cp , T s is the system sampling period, then the duration of CP is T cp =N cp T s , the OFDM symbol time length excluding CP is T sc =N sc T s The OFDM symbol time length including CP is T = T sc +T cp .remember For the downlink frequency domain transmission signal of user k in the sth OFDM symbol, the corresponding downlink time domain transmission signal is:

[0038]

[0039] Where r is the subcarrier index, r = 0, 1, 2, ..., N sc -1, s is the OFDM symbol index, Δf=1 / T sc The beamforming vector of the kth beam is b k , then the transmitted signal corresponding to user k at time t is:

[0040] x k,s (t) = b k x k,s (t)(2)

[0041] The satellite side downlink transmission signal can be expressed as:

[0042]

[0043] The signal received by user k in the time domain of the sth OFDM symbol is:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, z k,s (t) represents the noise of user k in the sth OFDM symbol, δ() represents the Dirac delta function, a k,l represents the channel gain of the lth path of user k, v k,l represents the Doppler shift of the lth path of user k, τ k,l represents the propagation delay of the lth path of user k, represents the satellite array response vector corresponding to user k. The Doppler shift can be divided into those caused by satellite movement and those caused by user movement, and the Doppler shifts of different multipaths on the satellite side are approximately the same, that is, represents the Doppler shift caused by satellite motion, represents the Doppler shift of the lth path of user k caused by user motion. is the minimum propagation delay between the satellite and user k, is the delay caused by channel multipath, and the propagation delay of user k on the lth path is is the satellite side departure angle of user k, then:

[0046]

[0047] in, n v The number of antennas M on the x-axis of the UPA equipped on the satellite side x Or the number of antennas on the y-axis M y , for:

[0048]

[0049] Where λ is the carrier wavelength, n v is the number of array elements along the v axis, d v is the spacing of UPA in the x-axis or y-axis direction, make They represent the spatial angles of user k after projection on the x-axis and y-axis directions of the UPA antenna.

[0050] In satellite mobile communication systems, Doppler frequency shift and propagation delay are compensated by user terminals. Then the downlink time domain received signal of user k after time-frequency compensation in the sth OFDM symbol is:

[0051]

[0052] in, is the downlink equivalent channel impulse response of user k after Doppler frequency shift and propagation delay compensation, which can be expressed as:

[0053]

[0054] in, is the equivalent channel gain of the lth path of user k after time-frequency compensation, is the equivalent propagation delay of the lth path of user k after time-frequency compensation. represents the noise of user k in the sth OFDM symbol after time-frequency compensation.

[0055] The frequency domain received signal of user k on the rth subcarrier of the sth OFDM symbol is:

[0056]

[0057] The equivalent channel frequency response of user k after Doppler shift and delay pre-compensation is defined as:

[0058]

[0059] in, Then the frequency domain received signal of user k can be further expressed as:

[0060]

[0061] in, h k,s,r =h k (sT,rΔf),x s,r =∑ k b k x k,s,r , z k,s,r represents the noise of user k on the rth subcarrier of the sth OFDM symbol.

[0062] For simplicity, the OFDM symbol index s and subcarrier index r are omitted. Considering precoding for K downlink users, the downlink frequency domain received signal of user k on a certain subcarrier can be further expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] in, is the beamforming matrix of K downlink beams, is the precoding vector of user i, x i is the transmitted signal of user i, The mean is 0 and the variance is Additive Gaussian white noise, q i is the downlink transmission power allocated to user i.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a precoding method provided according to the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to the case where the user transmits a signal that is determined. The method can be executed by a precoding device that can be implemented in the form of hardware and / or software and can be configured in a satellite-side terminal. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0067] Step 110: Acquire communication configuration information, and determine the spatial angles of different users on the satellite side based on the communication configuration information.

[0068] Among them, the communication configuration information can be configuration information used for communication in a satellite communication system, and the communication configuration information can be configured in a scheduling module of the satellite communication system. The communication configuration information may include satellite position, user position, number of users, user downlink time-frequency resource scheduling, user beam correspondence, number of beams, etc.

[0069] Specifically, the satellite position and user position in the communication configuration information can be extracted, and the spatial angle of each user on the satellite side can be determined based on the geometric relationship between the satellite position and the user position. For example, satellite-side equipment such as satellites or gateways can use the satellite's ephemeris information in the communication configuration information to obtain the satellite's coordinates, and use the user's reported information to obtain the user's coordinates. By calculating the departure angle of the user terminal relative to the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite-side array antenna k is the user index, and the spatial angle after projection on the x-axis and y-axis directions of the array antenna is obtained.

[0070] Step 120: Determine a target interfering user among all users based on a spatial angle threshold and each spatial angle.

[0071] Among them, the spatial angle threshold can be the threshold of the spatial angle distance between the beams of any two users. When the spatial angle distance between the beams corresponding to two users is greater than the spatial angle threshold, the interference between the beams corresponding to the two users can be ignored. Therefore, the target interfering user that causes interference to each user can be determined by the spatial angle threshold.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention, the spatial angle distance between any two users can be determined based on the spatial angle of each user, and the spatial angle distance corresponding to each user can be screened according to the spatial angle threshold for each user, so as to determine at least one target interfering user corresponding to each user, and the difference between the spatial angle of the target interfering user and the user can be less than the spatial angle threshold.

[0073] Step 130: Determine the average channel power of the user according to the communication configuration information.

[0074] The average channel power may be the average downlink channel power of each user, and the average channel power may be determined by the distance between the user and the satellite and the link loss at the distance.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present invention, the user position and satellite position can be extracted from the communication configuration information, the distance between the user and the satellite can be determined based on the user position and the satellite position, the downlink loss of the communication link can be determined according to the distance, and the average channel power of the corresponding user can be determined through the number of satellite antennas, the satellite-side antenna gain, and the user-side antenna gain in the communication configuration information.

[0076] For example, the satellite position and user position can be extracted from the communication configuration information. For each user, the distance between the satellite and the user can be determined based on the user position and the satellite position. This distance can be substituted into the free space loss formula to determine the link loss γ of user k. k =(4πd k / λ) 2 , where d k It can represent the distance between the satellite and the user, and λ represents the carrier wavelength, that is, the wavelength of the downlink transmission signal. k , number of antennas M, satellite side antenna gain G sat And the user side antenna gain G ut Substitute the following formula to determine the average channel power β of each user k :β k =G sat G ut Mγ k .

[0077] Step 140: Determine a downlink precoding vector for each user based on an average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion, the target interfering user for each user, the spatial angle, and the average channel power.

[0078] Specifically, a target interfering user may be selected for each user, and a downlink precoding vector that maximizes the average signal-to-leakage ratio may be determined using the corresponding spatial angle and average channel power. The downlink precoding vector that maximizes the average signal-to-leakage ratio may be used as the user downlink precoding vector.

[0079] Step 150: Weight the transmission signal of each user based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain the transmission signal of each beam.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, the downlink precoding vector of each user may be called to weight the transmission signal of each user respectively, and the weighted result may be used as the transmission signal of each beam.

[0081] An embodiment of the present invention obtains communication configuration information, determines the user's spatial angle on the satellite side based on the communication configuration information, and filters the spatial angle difference between users according to the spatial angle threshold, thereby determining the target interfering user for each user, determining the average channel power of each user according to the communication configuration information, and according to the average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion, determining the downlink precoding vector of each user according to the target interfering user of each user, each spatial angle and the average channel power, and then determining the transmission signal of each beam. The embodiment of the present application can reduce inter-beam interference, reduce channel estimation and channel information feedback overhead, improve the spectrum utilization of the system, and reduce the system overhead required for precoding transmission.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a precoding method provided according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention determines the downlink precoding vector of the user based on the above embodiment. Figure 3 The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0084] Step 210: Extract the satellite position and the user position of each user in the communication configuration information.

[0085] Specifically, the satellite position corresponding to the satellite antenna and the user position of each user may be extracted from the communication configuration information.

[0086] Step 220: Determine the departure angle of each user on the satellite side according to the satellite position and the user position, and determine the angles of the projection of the departure angle on the x-axis and y-axis directions of the array antenna as the user's spatial angle.

[0087] Specifically, the departure angle corresponding to each user on the satellite side can be determined according to the spatial position relationship between the satellite position and the user position, and the departure angles corresponding to the projection angles of the array antenna in the x-axis and y-axis directions are determined as the spatial angles of the user.

[0088] Step 230: For each user, determine the spatial angle distance between other users and the user based on each spatial angle.

[0089] In the embodiment of the present invention, for each user, the angular difference between the spatial angles corresponding to the user and other users may be determined, and the angular difference may be used as the spatial angular distance between the user and other users.

[0090] Step 240: Determine other users whose spatial angle distance is less than the spatial angle threshold as target interfering users.

[0091] Specifically, for each user, the corresponding spatial angle distance can be compared with the spatial angle threshold. If there is a spatial angle distance less than the spatial angle threshold, the other user corresponding to the spatial angle distance is determined as the target interfering user of the current user. It can be understood that each user may have its own corresponding target interfering user.

[0092] Step 250: Determine the average channel power of each user according to the communication configuration information.

[0093] Step 260: Determine the downlink direction vector of each user according to the spatial angle and communication configuration information.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of antennas of the array antenna on the x-axis and the y-axis in the communication configuration information can be extracted as M and x and M y , and the total number of antennas M, and the normalized antenna spacing Δ of the array antenna x-axis and y-axis relative to the carrier wavelength x and Δ y , the downlink direction vector corresponding to each user can be determined using the user's spatial angle, antenna spacing, number of x-axis antennas, number of y-axis antennas, and total number of antennas. Specifically, the downlink direction vector can be determined using the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] Where M is the total number of antennas, M x and M y are the number of antennas on the x-axis and the number of antennas on the y-axis of the array antenna, Δ x and Δ y are the normalized antenna spacings of the array antenna x-axis and y-axis relative to the carrier wavelength, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, as well as The user's spatial perspective.

[0097] Step 270: Determine the beamforming vector of each target interfering user according to the communication configuration information, and construct a target beamforming matrix according to the beamforming vector.

[0098] Specifically, the beamforming matrix of the corresponding beam in the communication configuration information can be obtained, and the beamforming vector of the target interfering user and the beamforming vector of the current user corresponding to each user are selected in the beamforming matrix. The beamforming vector obtained for each user can be used to construct the target beamforming matrix of the corresponding user.

[0099] Step 280: Substitute the target beamforming matrix, the average channel power, and the downlink direction vector into a preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula, wherein the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula at least includes a corresponding relationship between the average signal-to-leakage ratio and the downlink precoding vector.

[0100] The preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula may be formed in the form of a ratio of the user's expected signal power on each beam to the leakage signal power of other users leaked onto the beam. The expected signal power may be formed by the user's average channel power, target beamforming matrix, and downlink precoding vector, while the leakage signal power may be formed by the average channel power of other users, the user's target beamforming matrix, and downlink precoding vector. The preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula includes at least a correspondence between the average signal-to-leakage ratio and the downlink precoding vector.

[0101] Specifically, the target beamforming matrix, the average channel power, and the downlink direction vector may be substituted into a preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula. The preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula may include:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, ASLR k represents the average signal-to-leakage ratio of user k, β k represents the average channel power of user k, β i represents the average channel power of user i, represents the target beamforming matrix of user k, p k represents the downlink precoding vector of user k, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of the user i, i=1, 2, 3, ..., K, and i≠k, K is the total number of the users.

[0104] Step 290: When the average signal-to-leakage ratio of the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula is the largest, obtain a downlink precoding vector.

[0105] In an embodiment of the present invention, the maximum value of the average signal-to-leakage ratio can be determined based on the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula, and a downlink precoding vector is obtained when the average signal-to-leakage ratio in the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula takes the maximum value. This downlink precoding vector can be used as the downlink precoding vector of the user.

[0106] Step 2100: Weight the transmission signal of each user based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain the transmission signal of each beam.

[0107] In an embodiment of the present invention, the satellite position corresponding to the array antenna and the user position corresponding to the user are obtained from communication configuration information. The user's departure angle is determined based on the geometric relationship between the satellite position and the user position. The projection of the departure angle on the x-axis and y-axis of the array antenna is used as the spatial angle. The spatial angle distance between each user and other users is determined, and the spatial angle distance is filtered according to a spatial angle threshold. The target interfering user corresponding to each user is obtained. The average channel power of the user is determined based on the communication configuration information. The downlink direction vector of the user is determined based on the spatial angle and the communication configuration information. The target beamforming matrix corresponding to the user is determined. The target beamforming matrix, the downlink direction vector, and the average channel power are substituted into a preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula. When the average signal-to-leakage ratio in the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula is maximized, a downlink precoding vector is obtained. The transmit signals of each user are weighted based on the downlink precoding vector to obtain the transmit signals corresponding to each beam. In an embodiment of the present invention, the downlink precoding vector, average channel power, etc. are obtained from the communication configuration information without the need for user terminal feedback. This reduces the system overhead of the communication system, improves the signal precoding efficiency, reduces inter-beam interference through downlink precoding, and improves the spectrum utilization of the system.

[0108] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention, determining the average channel power of the user according to the communication configuration information includes:

[0109] Determine the relative distance between the satellite and the user according to the satellite position and the user position; obtain the wavelength of the downlink signal in the communication configuration information, and determine the downlink loss of each user according to the wavelength and the relative distance; obtain the user-side antenna gain and the satellite-side antenna gain of the communication configuration information, as well as the total number of satellite antennas; determine the average channel power of each user according to the user-side antenna gain, the satellite-side antenna gain, the total number of antennas, and the downlink loss.

[0110] Specifically, the relative distance between the satellite and the user can be determined based on the satellite position and the user position. The relative distance can be specifically the relative distance between the satellite's array antenna and the user's user terminal. The wavelength of the corresponding downlink signal can be extracted based on the communication configuration information, and the downlink loss can be determined based on the wavelength and the relative distance. The distance between the satellite and the user can be determined based on the user position and the satellite position. This distance can be substituted into the free space loss formula to determine the downlink loss γ of user k. k =(4πd k / λ) 2 , where d k It can be expressed as the distance between the satellite and user k, and λ is the carrier wavelength. k , number of antennas M, satellite side antenna gain G satAnd the user side antenna gain G ut Substitute the following formula to determine the user's average channel power β k :β k =G sat G ut Mγ k .

[0111] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention, determining the downlink direction vector of each user according to the spatial angle and communication configuration information includes:

[0112] Extract the total number of antennas and the normalized antenna spacing for the corresponding satellite from the communication configuration information; determine the downlink direction vector corresponding to each user based on each spatial angle, the total number of antennas, and the normalized antenna spacing; wherein the normalized antenna spacing includes at least the normalized antenna spacing of the array antenna's x-axis and y-axis relative to the wavelength of the downlink signal.

[0113] Specifically, the number of antennas on the x-axis and y-axis of the array antenna in the communication configuration information can be extracted as Mx and My respectively, as well as the total number of antennas M, and the normalized antenna spacing Δ of the array antenna on the x-axis and y-axis relative to the carrier wavelength. x and Δ y , the downlink direction vector corresponding to each user can be determined using the user's spatial angle, antenna spacing, number of x-axis antennas, number of y-axis antennas, and total number of antennas. Specifically, the downlink direction vector can be determined using the following formula:

[0114]

[0115] Where M is the total number of antennas, Mx and My are the number of antennas on the x-axis and the number of antennas on the y-axis of the array antenna, respectively. x and Δ y are the normalized antenna spacings of the array antenna x-axis and y-axis relative to the wavelength of the downlink signal, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, as well as The user's spatial perspective.

[0116] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention, the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula at least includes:

[0117]

[0118] Among them, ASLR k represents the average signal-to-leakage ratio of user k, β k represents the average channel power of user k, β i represents the average channel power of user i, represents the target beamforming matrix for user k, pk represents the downlink precoding vector of user k, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of user i, where i = 1, 2, 3, ..., K and i ≠ k, and K is the total number of users.

[0119] Based on the above embodiment of the invention, when the average signal-to-leakage ratio of the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula is the largest, obtaining the downlink precoding vector includes:

[0120] Obtain a calculation formula for the downlink precoding vector when the average signal-to-leakage ratio is maximized; solve the calculation formula for the precoding vector using the Jacobi iteration method to obtain the downlink precoding vector. It is understood that the Jacobi iteration method can be used to reduce the complexity of the matrix inversion process for the downlink precoding vector. This is not limited to the Jacobi iteration method; other matrix inversion solution methods can also be applied here. The calculation formula for the precoding vector includes at least:

[0121]

[0122] in, represents the downlink precoding vector of the user k when the average signal-to-leakage ratio is maximized, η k For the user k, The power normalization factor, β i represents the average channel power of user i, represents the target beamforming matrix of user k, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of the user i, i=1, 2, 3, ..., K, where K is the total number of the users.

[0123] In the embodiment of the present invention, the precoding vector based on the average maximization signal-to-leakage ratio criterion may be simplified using the Jacobi iteration method. That is, the formula for determining the downlink precoding vector when the average signal-to-leakage ratio is maximized may be simplified using the Jacobi iteration method. The matrix inversion in the formula for determining the downlink precoding vector when the average signal-to-leakage ratio is maximized may be simplified, and the precoding vector calculation formula may be simplified to the Jacobi iteration formula:

[0124]

[0125] Among them, the initial value of Jacobi iteration can be set as D is the diagonal matrix composed of the diagonal elements of matrix G, R is a matrix composed of other elements in the matrix G.

[0126] The above Jacobi iteration can be expressed as follows after termination:

[0127]

[0128] That is, the downlink precoding vector can be solved by iterating the Jacobi iterative formula. When calculating the precoding vector, the direct inversion of the matrix G is avoided, and the inverse of the matrix D is calculated. Since D is a diagonal matrix with real diagonal elements, the inversion only requires N v The real number division is sufficient, and D -1 and R do not need to be updated. From K dimensions to N dimensions v dimension, and in general N v are all much smaller than K, so the computational complexity will be significantly reduced, and when the number of beams / users K is larger, the computational complexity of the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be reduced more significantly.

[0129] Example 3

[0130] During downlink transmission, the average signal-to-leakage ratio (ASLR) of user k is k It can be defined as:

[0131]

[0132] Among them, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of user i, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., K, and i ≠ k, K is the total number of users, B represents the beamforming matrix, p k represents the downlink precoding vector of user k, β k represents the average channel power of user k, β i represents the average channel power of user i.

[0133] Enable ASLR k The maximized user k precoding vector is:

[0134]

[0135] Among them, η k In order to make The power normalization factor.

[0136] The precoding vector that maximizes the average signal-to-leakage ratio for user k requires the average channel power β of each user. k , downlink direction vector g kAnd the satellite-side downlink beamforming matrix B. To reduce the channel feedback overhead in the downlink transmission process, the user's average channel power and direction vector can be calculated using the satellite and user location information.

[0137] First, satellite-side equipment such as satellites or gateways can use the satellite's ephemeris information to obtain satellite coordinates and obtain the user coordinates in the user's reported information. Based on the satellite coordinates and user coordinates, the user's user terminal's departure angle relative to the satellite-side array antenna's x-axis and y-axis is determined. Where k is the user index. Based on the departure angle of user k, the spatial angle after the projection of the array antenna x-axis and the array antenna y-axis is obtained. Among them, the direction vector corresponding to user k is:

[0138]

[0139] Where M is the total number of antennas, Mx and My are the number of antennas on the x-axis and the number of antennas on the y-axis of the array antenna, respectively. x and Δ y are the normalized antenna spacings of the array antenna x-axis and y-axis relative to the carrier wavelength, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, as well as The user's spatial perspective.

[0140] In the embodiment of the present invention, the relative distance d can be calculated using the satellite coordinates and the user coordinates. k , according to the relative distance d k Determine the link loss γ of user k k =(4πd k / λ) 2 ,λ represents the carrier wavelength. Through the link lossγ k , number of antennas M, satellite side antenna gain G sat And the user side antenna gain G ut Substitute the following formula to determine the user's average channel power β k :β k =G sat G ut Mγ k .

[0141] Specifically, since the amount of power leaked from user k's transmission power to user i's channel direction is related to the spatial angular distance between user k and user i, the longer the spatial distance, the smaller the leaked power. Therefore, when obtaining the channel response vector, the influence of users with a relatively long spatial angular distance can be ignored. N represents the beam selection matrix / user selection matrix corresponding to user k. It can be understood that each beam corresponds to one user. vis the number of beams / users reserved when calculating the precoding vector for user k, and N v ≤K, V k The i-th column of That is, the nth i A column vector with 1 elements and the rest 0 elements, indicating that the nth i beams, i.e. retain the nth beam in B i Column. Note is the matrix of beamforming vectors of the selected beam / user when calculating the precoding vector of user k. Therefore, the satellite side transmits the signal It can be expressed as:

[0142]

[0143] in, is the downlink precoding vector of user k, x k Transmit a signal for user k.

[0144] The downlink frequency domain received signal of user k can be further expressed as:

[0145]

[0146] in, is the matrix consisting of the beamforming vectors of the selected beam / user when calculating the precoding vector of user i, is the precoding vector of user i, represents the equivalent channel frequency response of user k, q i is the downlink transmission power allocated to user i, x i is the transmitted signal of user i, The mean is 0 and the variance is Based on this, in order to obtain the transmission signal for the user, it is necessary to determine the downlink precoding vector.

[0147] At this time, the precoding vector based on the average maximization signal-to-leakage ratio criterion can be expressed as:

[0148]

[0149] Among them, η k In order to make The power normalization factor, g i represents the downlink direction vector of user i, is the matrix of the beam / user’s beamforming vectors selected when calculating the precoding vector for user k, β i is the downlink average channel power of user i, the value range of i is 1, 2, 3, …, K, and K is the total number of users / total number of beams.

[0150] The Jacobi iteration method is used to simplify the matrix inversion calculation in the above formula. Formula (18) can be simplified as follows:

[0151]

[0152] in,

[0153] G=D+R(20)

[0154] Where D is the diagonal matrix composed of the diagonal elements of matrix G, and R is the matrix composed of the other elements in matrix G. Formula (20) can be further simplified and written as the Jacobi iterative form as follows:

[0155]

[0156] Among them, the initial value of Jacobi iteration can be set as After the Jacobi iteration is terminated, it can be expressed as:

[0157] From formula (21), we can see that when calculating the precoding vector, we avoid directly inverting the matrix G, but calculate the inverse of the matrix D. Since D is a diagonal matrix with real elements, the inverse only requires Nv real number divisions, and D is -1 and R do not need to be updated. From K dimensions to N dimensions v dimension, and in general N v are all much smaller than K, so the computational complexity will be significantly reduced, and when the number of beams / users K is larger, the computational complexity of the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be reduced more significantly.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, the satellite side is equipped with a 32*32 uniform planar array antenna with an antenna spacing of 0.5 wavelengths. The user terminal is equipped with a single omnidirectional antenna. The satellite orbit altitude is 600km, the minimum elevation angle is 30°, the carrier frequency is 2GHz, the bandwidth is 10MHz, and the subcarrier spacing is 15KHz. The simulation channel adopts the 3GPP NTN channel model. Parameters such as the number of multipaths, path loss, shadow fading, and Rice factor are calculated based on the simulation scenario, where the first path is the line-of-sight (LOS) path. The noise variance is σ 2 =k B T n B W , where k B =1.38×10 -23 J.K. -1 is the Boltzmann constant, T n is the user side noise temperature, which is 273K.W The downlink transmission beams are 16 discrete Fourier transform (DFT) beams. The downlink beam coverage and user distribution on the satellite side are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The large circle is the circular range covered by the satellite, while the small circle can be the beam coverage range. The dot at the center of the small circle is the beam center point, and the dots distributed within the beam coverage range represent the user positions in the beam.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a precoding device provided according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, see Figure 5 The precoding device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may include a user screening module, a downlink precoding calculation module, and a downlink transmission signal weighting module. The precoding device may obtain communication configuration information such as satellite coordinate information, the number of downlink beams, the spatial angle information of each downlink beam, the user position of each downlink beam, the downlink time-frequency resources scheduled by each user, and the beam index of the beam where each user is located in the scheduling module. The user screening module may screen the beam index or target user for each user to participate in the precoding vector calculation, wherein each user corresponds to the beam index of a beam. The precoding vector corresponding to each user is determined by the downlink precoding calculation module, and the multi-beam downlink transmission signal is weighted based on the precoding vector in the downlink precoding calculation module to obtain the weighted downlink transmission signal of each user. The precoding method provided in the embodiment of the present invention can be used in the process of satellite and user terminal movement. As the position changes, the precoding method can be executed periodically to dynamically update the precoding vector corresponding to each user, thereby implementing downlink transmission. The method can be applied to satellite-side equipment such as satellites or gateways. The satellite-side equipment can be configured with a uniform planar antenna array. The satellite equipment can communicate with user terminals within its coverage area. See Figure 6The precoding method provided by an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: generating multiple downlink beams using a beamforming matrix, and the satellite or gateway performing downlink precoding for a spatially divided user group within each beam that uses the same time-frequency resources; obtaining the location information of each user terminal through reports from the user terminal; calculating the spatial angle of each user terminal on the satellite side and the relative distance between the satellite and the user terminal using the satellite position and the user terminal position; calculating the direction vector of the user terminal on the satellite side using the spatial angle; and calculating the average downlink channel power using the relative distance; screening users using the spatial angle between them, selecting users with a spatial angle distance less than a certain threshold to participate in precoding vector calculation; and calculating the downlink precoding vector for each user terminal using the Jacobi iteration method based on the average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion. As the satellite and user terminal move, the precoding vector corresponding to each user terminal is dynamically updated as the position changes, and downlink transmission is performed.

[0160] Satellite position information is obtained by the satellite or gateway using satellite ephemeris information, while user terminal position information is reported by the user terminal. The user terminal's spatial angle includes the angles of the user terminal's direction projected onto the array antenna's x- and y-axes, calculated using the satellite's position and the user terminal's position. The user terminal's direction vector includes the direction vectors of the user terminal on the array antenna's x- and y-axes, calculated using the Kronecker product of the two to obtain the user terminal's direction vector on the satellite side.

[0161] Based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention, the relative distance is calculated using the satellite position information and the user terminal position information, the downlink transmission link loss is calculated using the free space loss formula using the relative distance, and the downlink channel power is calculated using the link loss, the satellite array and antenna gain, and the user terminal array and antenna gain.

[0162] Specifically, the user screening process can be determined based on the spatial angular distance between the beams corresponding to each user. When calculating the precoding vector of a certain user, the spatial angular distance between other beams and the user is first calculated. When the distance is greater than a certain threshold, the influence of these beams is ignored, and only the beams with a closer spatial angular distance are used to participate in the calculation of the precoding vector. The threshold is configured according to the actual system.

[0163] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 7 By comparing the precoding method provided in the embodiment of the present invention with the method without precoding, it can be determined that the precoding method provided in the embodiment of the present invention can greatly improve the downlink rate based on the same satellite transmission power, and can significantly improve the system performance and downlink rate.

[0164] Example 4

[0165] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a precoding device provided according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 8 , the device comprises:

[0166] The spatial angle determination module 310 is configured to obtain communication configuration information and determine the spatial angles of different users on the satellite side according to the communication configuration information.

[0167] The interfering user screening module 320 is configured to determine a target interfering user for each user based on a spatial angle threshold and each spatial angle.

[0168] The channel power determination module 330 is configured to determine the average channel power of each user according to the communication configuration information.

[0169] The precoding calculation module 340 is configured to determine a downlink precoding vector for each user based on an average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion, the target interfering user of each user, the spatial angle, and the average channel power.

[0170] The signal weighting module 350 is configured to weight the transmission signal of each user based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain a transmission signal of each beam.

[0171] In an embodiment of the present invention, communication configuration information is obtained through a spatial angle determination module, and the spatial angle of the user on the satellite side is determined based on the communication configuration information. The interference user screening module screens the spatial angle difference between users according to the spatial angle threshold, thereby determining the target interference user of each user. The channel power determination module determines the average channel power of each user according to the communication configuration information. The precoding calculation module determines the user's downlink precoding vector based on each of the spatial angles and the average channel power according to the average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion. The signal weighting module weights the transmission signal of each user by the downlink precoding vector to obtain the transmission signal of each beam. The embodiment of the present application can reduce inter-beam interference, reduce channel estimation and channel information feedback overhead, improve the spectrum utilization of the system, and reduce the system overhead required for precoding transmission.

[0172] In some inventive embodiments, the spatial angle determination module 310 includes:

[0173] A position determination unit is used to extract the satellite position of the array antenna and the user position of each user in the communication configuration information.

[0174] A spatial angle unit is used to determine the departure angle of each user on the satellite side according to the satellite position and the user position, and to determine the angles of the projections of the departure angle in the x-axis and y-axis directions of the array antenna on the satellite side as the spatial angle of the user.

[0175] In some inventive embodiments, the interfering user screening module 320 includes:

[0176] The spatial angle distance unit is configured to determine, for each user, the spatial angle distance between other users and the user according to each spatial angle.

[0177] The user screening unit is configured to determine the other users whose spatial angle distance is smaller than the spatial angle threshold as the target interfering users.

[0178] In some embodiments of the invention, the channel power determination module 330 is specifically used to: determine the relative distance between the satellite and the user according to the satellite position and the user position; obtain the wavelength of the downlink signal in the communication configuration information, and determine the downlink loss of each user according to the wavelength and the relative distance; obtain the user-side antenna gain and the satellite-side antenna gain of the communication configuration information, as well as the total number of antennas of the array antenna; determine the average channel power of each user according to the user-side antenna gain, the satellite-side antenna gain, the total number of antennas and the downlink loss.

[0179] In some embodiments of the invention, the precoding calculation module 340 is specifically configured to:

[0180] A direction vector unit is used to determine the downlink direction vector of each user according to the spatial angle and the communication configuration information.

[0181] A target beamforming matrix unit is configured to determine a beamforming vector for each target interfering user according to the communication configuration information, and to construct a target beamforming matrix according to the beamforming vector.

[0182] An information input unit is used to substitute the target beamforming matrix, the average channel power, and the downlink direction vector into a preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula, wherein the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula at least includes a corresponding relationship between the average signal-to-leakage ratio and the downlink precoding vector.

[0183] The precoding solution unit is configured to obtain the downlink precoding vector when the average signal-to-leakage ratio of the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula is the largest.

[0184] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention, the direction vector unit is specifically used to: extract the total number of antennas and the normalized antenna spacing of the corresponding satellite in the communication configuration information; determine the downlink direction vector corresponding to each of the users according to each of the spatial angles, the total number of antennas and the normalized antenna spacing; wherein the normalized antenna spacing includes at least the normalized antenna spacing of the array antenna x-axis and y-axis relative to the wavelength of the downlink signal.

[0185] Based on the above embodiments of the invention, the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula at least includes:

[0186]

[0187] Among them, ASLR k represents the average signal-to-leakage ratio of user k, β k represents the average channel power of user k, β i represents the average channel power of user i, represents the target beamforming matrix of user k, p k represents the downlink precoding vector of user k, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of the user i, i=1, 2, 3, ..., K, and i≠k, K is the total number of the users.

[0188] Based on the above embodiment of the invention, the precoding solution unit is specifically used to: obtain a calculation formula for the downlink precoding vector when the average signal-to-leakage ratio is maximum;

[0189] Solving the calculation formula according to the Jacobi iterative method to obtain the downlink precoding vector;

[0190] The calculation formula at least includes:

[0191]

[0192] in, represents the downlink precoding vector of the user k when the average signal-to-leakage ratio is maximized, η k For the user k, The power normalization factor, β i represents the average channel power of user i, represents the target beamforming matrix of user k, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of the user i, i=1, 2, 3, ..., K, where K is the total number of the users.

[0193] The precoding device provided in the embodiment of the present invention can execute the precoding method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.

[0194] Example 5

[0195] Figure 9Schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device that implements the precoding method of an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices (such as helmets, glasses, watches, etc.) and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are only examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention described and / or required herein.

[0196] like Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12, a random access memory (RAM) 13, etc., which is communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 18 into the random access memory (RAM) 13. Various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10 can also be stored in the RAM 13. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are connected to each other via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0197] Multiple components in the electronic device 10 are connected to the I / O interface 15, including an input unit 16, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 18, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 19, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices via a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0198] The processor 11 may be any general-purpose and / or specialized processing component with processing and computing capabilities. Examples of the processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various specialized artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors for running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The processor 11 executes the various methods and processes described above, such as the precoding method.

[0199] In some embodiments, the precoding method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the precoding method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 may be configured to perform the precoding method in any other suitable manner (e.g., via firmware).

[0200] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-chip systems (SOCs), programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments can include being implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpreted on a programmable system that includes at least one programmable processor, which can be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0201] Computer programs for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when the computer program is executed by the processor, the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams are implemented. The computer program may be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0202] In the context of the present invention, computer-readable storage media can be tangible media that can contain or store a computer program for use with an instruction execution system, device or equipment or used in combination with an instruction execution system, device or equipment. Computer-readable storage media can include but are not limited to electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, computer-readable storage media can be machine-readable signal media. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media can include electrical connections based on one or more lines, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0203] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0204] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a blockchain network, and the Internet.

[0205] A computing system may include clients and servers. The clients and servers are typically remote from each other and typically interact via a communication network. This client-server relationship arises through computer programs running on the respective computers, creating a client-server relationship. The server may be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host. This server is a hosting product within the cloud computing service ecosystem that addresses the management difficulties and limited scalability of traditional physical hosting and VPS services.

[0206] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0207] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precoding method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquiring communication configuration information, and determining the spatial angles of different users on the satellite side based on the communication configuration information; Determine a target interfering user for each user based on a spatial angle threshold and each spatial angle; Determining an average channel power of each of the users according to the communication configuration information; Determining, according to an average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion, a downlink precoding vector for each user based on the target interfering user of each user, the spatial angle, and the average channel power; The transmission signal of each user is weighted based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain a transmission signal of each beam.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining, based on the communication configuration information, the spatial angles of different users on the satellite side includes: Extracting the satellite position and the user position of each of the users in the communication configuration information; The departure angle of each user on the satellite side is determined according to the satellite position and the user position, and the angles of the projection of the departure angle in the x-axis and y-axis directions of the array antenna on the satellite side are determined as the spatial angle of the user.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining a target interfering user for each user based on a spatial angle threshold and each spatial angle includes: For each of the users, determining the spatial angular distance between other users and the user according to each of the spatial angles; The other users whose spatial angle distance is smaller than the spatial angle threshold are determined as the target interfering users.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The determining the average channel power of the user according to the communication configuration information includes: Determine the relative distance between the satellite and the user according to the satellite position and the user position; Obtaining a wavelength of a downlink signal in the communication configuration information, and determining a downlink loss of each user according to the wavelength and the relative distance; Obtaining the user-side antenna gain and the satellite-side antenna gain of the communication configuration information, as well as the total number of antennas of the satellite; The average channel power of each user is determined according to the user-side antenna gain, the satellite-side antenna gain, the total number of antennas, and the downlink loss.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that The determining, according to an average signal-to-leakage ratio maximization criterion, a downlink precoding vector for each user based on the target interfering user of the user, the spatial angle, and the average channel power, includes: Determine a downlink direction vector for each user according to the spatial angle and the communication configuration information; Determining a beamforming vector for each target interfering user according to the communication configuration information, and constructing a target beamforming matrix according to the beamforming vector; Substituting the target beamforming matrix, the average channel power, and the downlink direction vector into a preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula, wherein the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula at least includes a correspondence between the average signal-to-leakage ratio and the downlink precoding vector; When the average signal-to-leakage ratio in the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula is the largest, the downlink precoding vector is obtained.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The determining the downlink direction vector of each user according to the spatial angle and the communication configuration information includes: Extracting the total number of antennas and the normalized antenna spacing of the corresponding satellite in the communication configuration information; Determining the downlink direction vector corresponding to each of the users according to each of the spatial angles, the total number of antennas, and the normalized antenna spacing; The normalized antenna spacing at least includes the normalized antenna spacing of the array antenna x-axis and y-axis relative to the wavelength of the downlink signal.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula at least includes: Among them, ASLR k represents the average signal-to-leakage ratio of user k, β k represents the average channel power of user k, β i represents the average channel power of user i, represents the target beamforming matrix of user k, p k represents the downlink precoding vector of user k, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of the user i, i=1, 2, 3, ..., K, and i≠k, K is the total number of the users.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The obtaining the downlink precoding vector when the average signal-to-leakage ratio in the preset average signal-to-leakage ratio formula is the maximum includes: Obtaining a calculation formula for the downlink precoding vector; Solving the calculation formula according to the Jacobi iterative method to obtain the downlink precoding vector; Wherein, the determination formula at least includes: in, represents the downlink precoding vector of the user k when the average signal-to-leakage ratio is maximized, η k For the user k, The power normalization factor, β i represents the average channel power of user i, represents the target beamforming matrix of user k, g k represents the downlink direction vector of user k, g i represents the downlink direction vector of the user i, i=1, 2, 3, ..., K, where K is the total number of the users.

9. A precoding device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A spatial angle determination module is used to obtain communication configuration information and determine the spatial angles of different users on the satellite side based on the communication configuration information; an interfering user screening module, configured to determine a target interfering user for each user based on a spatial angle threshold and each spatial angle; a channel power determination module, configured to determine an average channel power of each of the users according to the communication configuration information; a precoding calculation module, configured to determine a downlink precoding vector for each user based on the target interfering user, the spatial angle, and the average channel power of each user according to a criterion of maximizing an average signal-to-leakage ratio; The signal weighting module is used to weight the transmission signal of each user based on each downlink precoding vector to obtain the transmission signal of each beam.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor. The computer program is executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the precoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a processor to implement the precoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 when executed.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product comprises a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the precoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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