Rock breaking hob, shield tunneling machine cutterhead and shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hard rock drilling construction, in particular to a rock breaking hob, a shield tunneling machine cutterhead and a shield tunneling machine. The rock breaking hob comprises a cutter shaft, an annular cutter body and a plurality of pressurizing assemblies; an annular cavity communicated with an external high-pressure water source is formed in the cutter shaft; the annular cutter body is rotationally arranged on the cutter shaft, and a plurality of blind holes are formed in the annular cutter body; the pressurizing assembly comprises a compression block, a plugging block and a first elastic piece; the compression block is in sealed sliding connection with the inner wall of the blind hole to form a compression cavity, and a plurality of first channels used for communicating the compression cavity with the annular cavity are formed in the annular cutter body; a sliding groove, a communicating hole and a water spraying hole are formed in the compression block; the sliding groove communicates with the compression cavity through the communicating hole. The sliding groove communicates with the end face of one end of the compression block through the water spraying hole. The plugging block is slidably connected with the sliding groove and blocks the water spraying hole when located at the end, close to the central axis of the annular cutter body, in the sliding groove. The first elastic piece is used for enabling the compression block to pop out of the blind hole. The rock breaking device has the effects of reducing water source waste and improving the rock breaking efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hard rock drilling and excavation construction, and in particular to a rock breaking roller, a shield machine cutterhead and a shield machine. Background Art

[0002] At present, the most commonly used method in full-section hard rock tunnel excavation is mechanical roller cutter. On a continuously rotating cutterhead, several disc-shaped roller cutters are arranged along the radius according to the set cutter spacing. Under the action of axial pressure, the blade cuts into the rock to be cut. The cracks generated by the tool penetrate each other, causing the rock to break into small pieces and fall off. The continuous rotation and advancement of the cutterhead realizes drilling.

[0003] In the related art, the patent with the authorization announcement number CN107165651B discloses a rock-breaking cutter, including a cutter seat and a cutter ring, including a water jet rock-breaking device for cutting hard rock; the water jet rock-breaking device is arranged on the cutter seat, and the angle between the spray direction of the water jet rock-breaking device and the cutter ring is 15 to 60 degrees, the contact length between the water jet formed by the water jet rock-breaking device and the cutter ring is greater than the depth of the cutter ring cutting into the rock mass by 3 to 5 mm, and the diffusion angle of the water jet formed by the water jet rock-breaking device is 5 to 30 degrees. The specific principle is to use the high-pressure water jet to impact the cutter blade, and the cone surface of the cutter blade deflects the high-pressure water jet, so that the water jet enters the cutter ring and penetrates the hard rock. However, in the above-mentioned related technologies, when the high-pressure water jet impacts the cutter blade, it not only scatters the water flow and wastes water resources, but also reduces the water pressure of the water jet, thereby reducing the rock breaking efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to reduce water waste and improve rock breaking efficiency, the present application provides a rock breaking cutter, a shield machine cutterhead and a shield machine.

[0005] The rock breaking cutter provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A rock breaking roller cutter, comprising: A knife shaft, wherein an annular cavity connected to an external water source is formed on the outer wall of the knife shaft; An annular cutter body is coaxially rotatably arranged on the cutter shaft, and a plurality of blind holes are opened on the rolling surface of the annular cutter body along the circumference of its own rotation axis at preset intervals; A plurality of pressurizing assemblies are arranged one-to-one with the plurality of blind holes, and each pressurizing assembly comprises a compression block, a blocking block and a first elastic member; one end of the compression block is inserted into the blind hole and is in sealing sliding connection with the inner wall of the blind hole to form a compression cavity, and the other end extends out of the blind hole; a plurality of first channels for connecting the compression cavity and the annular cavity are formed on the annular cutter body; a sliding groove, a communication hole and a water jet hole are formed on the compression block; the sliding groove is arranged on the side wall of the part of the compression block located in the blind hole, the communication hole connects the sliding groove and the compression cavity, and one end of the water jet hole is connected with the sliding groove and the other end penetrates through the end face of the compression block away from the central axis of the annular cutter body; the blocking block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the blind hole and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove, and when the blocking block is located in the sliding groove close to the central axis of the annular cutter body, the water jet hole is blocked; the first elastic member is used to drive the compression block to move out of the blind hole.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, when the rock breaking cutter breaks the rock wall, the annular cutter body rotates around the cutter shaft and rolls against the rock wall, thereby driving the plurality of compression blocks to sequentially abut against the rock wall. During the process, after the compression block abuts against the rock wall, it moves to the deep part of the blind hole, so that the blocking block and the sliding groove relatively slide to open the water jet hole, and the water jet directly sprays into the contact surface between the annular cutter body and the rock wall, thereby realizing point and directional water spraying and improving the rock breaking efficiency. When the compression block is separated from the rock wall, the first elastic member can drive the compression block to reset, so that the blocking block blocks the water jet hole. Thus, point and directional water spraying is realized, water resource waste is reduced, and rock breaking efficiency is improved. Moreover, when the compression block moves to the deep part of the blind hole, it also compresses the compression cavity, thereby increasing the water pressure in the compression cavity and improving the jetting force of the water jet, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0007] Optionally, a plurality of impact assemblies are further included, and the plurality of impact assemblies are arranged one-to-one with the plurality of boosting assemblies; the impact assembly comprises a piston block, a second elastic member, a clamping pin, and a third elastic member; the piston block is sealingly and slidingly arranged in the compression cavity to divide the compression cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber; the first chamber is located between the piston block and the compression block, and the first passage communicates the first chamber with the annular cavity; a plurality of second passages are formed in the annular cutter body, and the second passages communicate the first chamber of one compression cavity with the second chamber of an adjacent compression cavity; the first elastic member is arranged between the piston block and the compression block, and one end of the first elastic member is connected to the piston block, and the other end of the first elastic member is connected to the compression block; a sliding hole is formed in the sidewall of the piston block for slidingly arranging the clamping pin therein, and a clamping groove is formed in the inner wall of the blind hole; the second elastic member is used to make one end of the clamping pin pop out of the sliding hole and be clamped into the clamping groove to limit the sliding of the piston block; the third elastic member is used to make the piston block tend to move towards the compression block; when the compression block moves towards the piston block to a predetermined distance under the action of an external force, the clamping pin can be separated from the clamping groove to make the piston block compress the second chamber; and when the compression block is separated from the external force, the third elastic member can move the piston block, the first elastic member, and the compression block away from the central axis of the annular cutter body and then reset them.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, when the compression block abuts against the rock wall and moves towards the deep part of the blind hole, the first elastic member is compressed, and when the compression block moves to a predetermined position in the blind hole, the force of the first elastic member driving the piston block to move towards the central axis of the annular cutter body after being compressed is greater than the force of the second elastic member driving the clamping pin to be clamped in the clamping groove to resist the movement of the piston block. Then, the clamping pin suddenly separates from the clamping groove at this moment, and the piston block instantaneously compresses the second chamber and the third elastic member under the elastic force of the second elastic member. Due to the existence of the second passage, the first chamber of the compression cavity where the compression block abuts against the rock wall is instantaneously boosted, the jetting force of the water jet is improved, and the compression block impacts and damages the rock wall, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency. When the compression block separates from the rock wall, the third elastic member can move the piston block, the first elastic member, and the compression block away from the central axis of the annular cutter body and then reset them, so as to facilitate the next boosting and impacting steps.

[0009] Optionally, when the compression block is located at one end of the sliding groove close to the central axis of the annular cutter body, the first elastic member is in an unacted state; when the clamping pin is clamped into the clamping groove, the third elastic member is in an unacted state; and the elastic force of the first elastic member is greater than the elastic force of the third elastic member.

[0010] By adopting the technical scheme, the components in the initial state can be kept in stable positions, and the pressurizing assembly and the impact assembly can work in the expected order and manner in the working process, so that the abnormal action caused by improper elasticity is avoided, and thus the normal working process and the rock breaking efficiency of the rock breaking cutter are effectively ensured.

[0011] Optionally, the clamping slot is in a semispherical shape, and the clamping pin is provided with a semispherical head matching the shape of the clamping slot at one end for clamping with the clamping slot.

[0012] By adopting the technical scheme, the semispherical clamping slot and the clamping pin with the semispherical head are matched, so that the clamping and disengaging process is smoother and more stable, the clamping and wear are reduced, the normal movement and clamping function of the piston block are ensured, and the stability and reliability of the impact assembly are improved.

[0013] Optionally, the compression block is tapered at an end away from the central axis of the annular cutter body, and the water injection hole is provided with a filter screen at an orifice of the end of the compression block away from the central axis of the annular cutter body.

[0014] By adopting the technical scheme, the shape design of the compression block helps the compression block to cut into the rock mass better, and the filter screen can prevent impurities from blocking the water injection hole, so that the water injection operation is ensured to be normally performed.

[0015] Optionally, the cutter shaft is provided with a thrust self-aligning roller bearing, and the annular cutter body is coaxially connected to the cutter shaft through the thrust self-aligning roller bearing.

[0016] By adopting the technical scheme, the thrust self-aligning roller bearing can bear larger radial load and axial load, and has self-aligning performance, so that installation errors and deformation can be compensated, the annular cutter body is ensured to stably and coaxially rotate on the cutter shaft, and the working stability and reliability of the rock breaking cutter are improved.

[0017] Optionally, the cross-sectional width of the annular cutter body gradually decreases from the center of the annular cutter body to the outside of the annular cutter body.

[0018] By adopting the technical scheme, the tapered structure of the annular cutter body can make the cutter body better cut into the rock mass during rolling, reduce the contact area with the rock mass, and increase the pressure, so that the rock breaking efficiency of the rock breaking cutter is improved.

[0019] Optionally, the plugging block can also plug the communication hole when located at one end of the sliding groove close to the central axis of the annular cutter body, and the water injection hole and the communication hole are both provided with a sealing ring at an orifice in the sliding groove.

[0020] By adopting the technical scheme, the plugging block is located in the sliding groove and close to one end of the middle axis of the annular cutter body, and the plugging block simultaneously plugs the water injection hole and the communication hole, forming double-layer plugging; the water injection hole and the communication hole are both provided with a sealing ring at the orifice in the sliding groove, which further improves the plugging effect, prevents water leakage, ensures efficient use of high-pressure water, and improves the rock breaking efficiency.

[0021] As another aspect of the present application, a shield machine cutter is provided, which comprises the rock breaking roller as described above.

[0022] By adopting the technical scheme, the shield machine cutter can utilize the high-pressure water jet to assist in breaking the rock wall when the shield machine cutter is rotated to drive the rock breaking roller to roll and crush the rock wall, and reduce dust generated when the rock wall is broken. Meanwhile, the design of the pressure boosting assembly in the rock breaking roller can make the water jet directly spray into the contact surface between the annular cutter body and the rock wall in a fixed point and a fixed direction, and can enhance the water jet and the water pressure, thereby reducing water resource waste and improving the rock breaking efficiency, and further improving the rock breaking capacity of the shield machine cutter.

[0023] As another aspect of the present application, a shield machine is provided, which comprises the shield machine cutter as described above.

[0024] By adopting the technical scheme, the rock breaking capacity and the rock breaking efficiency of the shield machine can be improved.

[0025] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When the rock breaking roller breaks the rock wall, the annular cutter body rotates around the cutter shaft and rolls against the rock wall, thereby driving the plurality of compression blocks to sequentially abut against the rock wall. During the process, the compression blocks move to the deep part of the blind hole after abutting against the rock wall, causing the plugging block to relatively slide with the sliding groove and open the water injection hole, so that the water jet directly sprays into the contact surface between the annular cutter body and the rock wall, thereby realizing fixed-point and fixed-direction water spraying and improving the rock breaking efficiency. When the compression blocks are separated from the rock wall, the first elastic member can drive the compression blocks to reset, so that the plugging block plugs the water injection hole. Thus, fixed-point and fixed-direction water spraying is realized, water resource waste is reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. Moreover, when the compression blocks move to the deep part of the blind hole, the compression chamber is compressed, thereby increasing the water pressure in the compression chamber and improving the spraying intensity of the water jet, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency. 2. The first elastic member is compressed when the compression block moves to the depth of the blind hole; and when the compression block moves to a predetermined position in the blind hole, the force of the first elastic member driving the piston block to move towards the central axis of the annular cutter body after compression is greater than the force of the second elastic member driving the clamping pin to be clamped with the clamping groove to resist the movement of the piston block driven by the first elastic member. Thus, the clamping pin suddenly separates from the clamping groove at this moment; the piston block is compressed in the second cavity and the third elastic member under the elastic force of the second elastic member. Due to the existence of the second channel, the first cavity of the compression chamber where the compression block just abuts against the rock wall is instantaneously pressurized, the jetting force of the water jet is improved, and the compression block impacts and damages the rock wall, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency. When the compression block separates from the rock wall, the third elastic member can move the piston block, the first elastic member and the compression block away from the central axis of the annular cutter body and reset, so as to perform the next pressurization and impact steps. 3. The initial state of each component can be ensured to be in a stable position, and the pressurization assembly and the impact assembly can work in the expected order and manner during the working process, so as to avoid abnormal action caused by improper elastic force, thereby effectively ensuring the normal working process and rock breaking efficiency of the rock breaking cutter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 is a right side sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 is a front sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a local enlarged view of part A.

[0030] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS1. Cutter shaft; 11, annular cavity; 2, annular cutter body; 21, blind hole; 211, compression chamber; 2111, first cavity; 2112, second cavity; 22, first channel; 23, second channel; 24, clamping groove; 3, pressurization assembly; 31, compression block; 311, sliding groove; 312, communication hole; 313, water jet hole; 32, blocking block; 33, first elastic member; 4, impact assembly; 41, piston block; 411, sliding hole; 42, second elastic member; 43, clamping pin; 431, half ball head; 44, third elastic member; 5, filter screen; 6, thrust aligning roller bearing; 7, sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application will be further described below. Figures 1-4

[0032] The embodiment of the present application discloses a rock breaking cutter.

[0033] Embodiment 1 Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment, the rock breaking cutter comprises a cutter shaft 1, an annular cutter body 2, a plurality of booster assemblies 3 and a plurality of impact assemblies 4. Specifically, the cutter shaft 1 is a cylindrical shaft, which is generally made of high-strength alloy steel to ensure that it can withstand large pressure and torque during operation. An annular cavity 11 communicating with an external high-pressure water source is formed on the outer wall of the cutter shaft 1. The annular cavity 11 is formed to introduce the external high-pressure water source, and the annular cavity 11 can be connected to an external high-pressure water pump or high-pressure water tank through further holes formed on the cutter shaft 1.

[0034] The annular cutter body 2 is an annular member, which is made of wear-resistant alloy material, such as titanium steel, to resist wear during rock breaking. Two oppositely arranged thrust self-aligning roller bearings 6 are installed on the cutter shaft 1, and the annular cutter body 2 is coaxially connected to the cutter shaft 1 through the two thrust self-aligning roller bearings 6. The thrust self-aligning roller bearings 6 can withstand large radial and axial loads and have self-aligning performance, which can ensure that the annular cutter body 2 stably rotates coaxially on the cutter shaft 1, and improve the operation stability and reliability of the rock breaking cutter.

[0035] The cross-sectional width of the annular cutter body 2 gradually decreases from the center of the annular cutter body 2 to the outside of the annular cutter body 2. This tapered design can make the annular cutter body 2 better cut into the rock mass during rolling, reduce the contact area with the rock mass, increase the pressure, and thus improve the rock breaking efficiency of the rock breaking cutter. In other embodiments, the cutter shaft 1 can also be made of other materials, such as stainless steel, as long as it can meet the strength and corrosion resistance requirements; the thrust self-aligning roller bearings 6 can also be replaced by deep groove ball bearings or tapered roller bearings.

[0036] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the embodiment, a plurality of rectangular blind holes 21 are formed on the rolling surface of the annular cutter body 2 for rolling against the rock wall along the circumferential direction of the self-rotation axis at equal intervals, and the central axes of the blind holes 21 are perpendicular to and intersect with the rotation axis of the annular cutter body 2. The blind holes 21 are formed to install the booster assemblies 3 and the impact assemblies 4.

[0037] Referring to Figure 4The number of the booster assemblies 3 is the same as the number of the blind holes 21, and one booster assembly 3 corresponds to one blind hole 21. The booster assembly 3 comprises a compression block 31, a blocking block 32 and a first elastic member 33. The compression block 31 is a long strip-shaped member matching the shape of the blind hole 21, and is generally made of hard alloy to ensure the durability of the compression block 31 under high pressure and friction. One end of the compression block 31 is inserted into the blind hole 21 and is in sealing sliding connection with the inner wall of the blind hole 21 to form a compression cavity 211, and the other end extends out of the blind hole 21. The sliding direction of the compression block 31 is parallel to the central axis of the blind hole 21. The sealing sliding connection between the compression block 31 and the inner wall of the blind hole 21 can be achieved by a sealing rubber ring to prevent water leakage.

[0038] A plurality of first channels 22 for connecting the compression cavities 211 and the annular cavity 11 are formed in the annular cutter body 2. The first channels 22 are channels for high-pressure water to enter the compression cavities 211, and their diameters and lengths are designed according to the water flow and pressure requirements. The compression block 31 is provided with a sliding groove 311, a communication hole 312 and a water jet hole 313. The sliding groove 311 is arranged on the side wall of the part of the compression block 31 located in the blind hole 21, and both ends of the sliding groove 311 do not penetrate the compression block 31. The communication hole 312 connects the compression cavity 211 and the end of the sliding groove 311 close to the central axis of the annular cutter body 2. One end of the water jet hole 313 is connected to the end of the sliding groove 311 close to the central axis of the annular cutter body 2, and the other end penetrates the end face of the compression block 31 away from the central axis of the annular cutter body 2.

[0039] The shape of the blocking block 32 matches the shape of the sliding groove 311. One end of the blocking block 32 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the blind hole 21, and the other end extends into the sliding groove 311 and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove 311. When the blocking block 32 is at the end of the sliding groove 311 close to the central axis of the annular cutter body 2, it can block the water jet hole 313 to prevent water from being sprayed out of the water jet hole 313. The first elastic member 33 is a spring, and is used to make the compression block 31 pop out of the blind hole 21. When the compression block 31 is subjected to an external force, the first elastic member 33 is compressed, and after the external force disappears, the elastic force of the first elastic member 33 makes the compression block 31 return to its original position.

[0040] In this way, when the rock rolling cutter breaks the rock wall, the annular cutter body 2 rolls against the rock wall, and then drives the plurality of compression blocks 31 to sequentially abut against the rock wall. During the process, after the compression block 31 abuts against the rock wall, the compression block 31 moves to the deep part of the blind hole 21, and after the blocking block 32 relatively slides with the sliding groove 311, the water injection hole 313 is opened, and the water jet is directly injected into the contact surface between the annular cutter body 2 and the rock wall, so that the water is sprayed at a fixed point and in a fixed direction, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. When the compression block 31 is separated from the abutment with the rock wall, the first elastic member 33 can drive the compression block 31 to reset, so that the blocking block 32 blocks the water injection hole 313. Thus, the water is sprayed at a fixed point and in a fixed direction, the waste of water resources is reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. Moreover, when the compression block 31 moves to the deep part of the blind hole 21, the compression block 31 also compresses the compression cavity 211, so as to increase the water pressure in the compression cavity 211 and improve the injection intensity of the water jet, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0041] Preferably, the water injection hole 313 is provided with a filter screen 5 at the opening of the end of the compression block 31 away from the central axis of the annular cutter body 2, which is used to prevent impurities from blocking the water injection hole 313. When the blocking block 32 is located in the sliding groove 311 near the central axis of the annular cutter body 2, the blocking block 32 can also block the communication hole 312, so that double blocking can be formed, and the blocking effect is improved. The water injection hole 313 and the communication hole 312 are both provided with a sealing ring 7 at the opening in the sliding groove 311, which can further prevent water leakage, ensure efficient use of high-pressure water, and improve the rock breaking efficiency.

[0042] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the embodiment, the number of impact assemblies 4 is the same as the number of pressure boosting assemblies 3, and one impact assembly 4 corresponds to one pressure boosting assembly 3. The impact assembly 4 includes a piston block 41, a second elastic member 42, a clamping pin 43, and a third elastic member 44.

[0043] The piston block 41 is a block-shaped member matching the shape of the blind hole 21, which is generally made of metal material and has a precisely processed surface to ensure good sealing and sliding performance with the inner wall of the compression cavity 211. The piston block 41 is sealingly and slidingly arranged in the compression cavity 211 to divide the compression cavity 211 into a first chamber 2111 and a second chamber 2112, and the sliding direction of the piston block 41 is parallel to the central axis of the blind hole 21. The piston block 41 and the inner wall of the compression cavity 211 are sealed by a sealing ring to prevent water leakage between the two first chambers 2111 and the second chamber 2112. The first chamber 2111 is located between the piston block 41 and the compression block 31, and the second chamber 2112 is located between the piston block 41 and the bottom surface of the blind hole 21. The first passage 22 communicates the first chamber 2111 and the annular cavity 11.

[0044] A plurality of second passages 23 are formed in the annular cutter body 2, and the number of the second passages 23 is consistent with the number of the blind holes 21; the second passages 23 communicate the first chamber 2111 of one compression cavity 211 with the second chamber 2112 of the adjacent other compression cavity 211. The second passages 23 serve to realize water flow and pressure transmission between two adjacent compression cavities 211, and the plurality of first passages 22 cyclically communicate all the compression cavities 211. It should be noted that, assuming that the cutter head rolls against the rock wall in a counterclockwise direction, the first chamber 2111 of the previous compression cavity 211 and the second chamber 2112 of the next compression cavity 211 are communicated in a counterclockwise order. The first elastic member 33 is arranged between the piston block 41 and the compression block 31, and one end of the first elastic member 33 is connected to the side of the piston block 41 close to the compression block 31, and the other end of the first elastic member 33 is connected to the side of the compression block 31 close to the piston block 41.

[0045] The clamping pin 43 is cylindrical and is generally made of high-strength steel to ensure the strength and wear resistance of the clamping pin 43. A sliding hole 411 is formed in the side wall of the piston block 41 for slidingly arranging the clamping pin 43 therein, the sliding hole 411 is matched with the clamping pin 43 in shape, and the central axis of the sliding hole 411 is perpendicular to and intersects with the central axis of the blind hole 21. The second elastic member 42 is also a spring, and the second elastic member 42 is arranged in the sliding hole 411, one end of the second elastic member 42 abuts against the bottom surface of the sliding hole 411, and the other end of the second elastic member 42 abuts against the side of the clamping pin 43 close to the bottom surface of the sliding hole 411. The second elastic member 42 serves to make the end of the clamping pin 43 away from the second elastic member 42 pop out of the sliding hole 411.

[0046] A clamping groove 24 matched with the end of the clamping pin 43 away from the second elastic member 42 in shape is formed in the inner wall of the blind hole 21, and the end of the clamping pin 43 away from the second elastic member 42 can be clamped into the clamping groove 24 after popping out of the sliding hole 411, thereby achieving the purpose of limiting the sliding of the piston block 41 in the blind hole 21.

[0047] The third elastic member 44 is also a spring, and the third elastic member 44 is arranged in the second chamber 2112, one end of the third elastic member 44 abuts against the bottom surface of the blind hole 21, and the other end of the third elastic member 44 abuts against the side of the piston block 41 close to the bottom surface of the blind hole 21. The third elastic member 44 serves to make the piston block 41 tend to move towards the compression block 31.

[0048] The elastic force of the first elastic member 33 is greater than the elastic force of the third elastic member 44, and the force driving the piston block 41 to move towards the direction of the central axis of the annular cutter body 2 after the compression of the first elastic member 33 is greater than the force driving the clamping pin 43 to be clamped with the clamping groove 24 to resist the movement of the piston block 41 driven by the first elastic member 33. Thus, when the compression block 31 is moved to the predetermined distance towards the piston block 41 under the action of the external force, the clamping pin 43 can be disengaged from the clamping groove 24, and the piston block 41 can be compressed in the second cavity 2112; and after the compression block 31 is disengaged from the external force, the third elastic member 44 can drive the piston block 41, the first elastic member 33 and the compression block 31 to move away from the central axis of the annular cutter body 2 and then reset.

[0049] Thus, when the compression block 31 is moved to the deep part of the blind hole 21 and abuts against the rock wall, the first elastic member 33 is compressed, and when the compression block 31 is moved to the predetermined position in the blind hole 21, the clamping pin 43 is suddenly disengaged from the clamping groove 24 at this moment; the piston block 41 is compressed in the second cavity 2112 and the third elastic member 44 under the elastic force of the second elastic member 42, and due to the existence of the second channel 23, the first cavity 2111 of the compression cavity 211 in which the compression block 31 abutting against the rock wall is located is instantaneously pressurized, the jetting force of the water jet is improved, and the compression block 31 impacts and damages the rock wall, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency. After the compression block 31 is disengaged from the abutment with the rock wall, the third elastic member 44 can drive the piston block 41, the first elastic member 33 and the compression block 31 to move away from the central axis of the annular cutter body 2 and then reset, so as to facilitate the next pressurization and impact steps.

[0050] Preferably, the end of the compression block 31 away from the central axis of the annular cutter body 2 is designed in a conical shape, which is beneficial to the cutting of the compression block 31 into the rock wall when the compression block 31 impacts the rock wall. The end of the clamping pin 43 is provided with a hemispherical head 431, and the clamping groove 24 is designed in a hemispherical shape matching the hemispherical head 431, so that the clamping and disengaging processes are smoother and more stable, and the clamping pin 43 is less likely to be clamped and worn. When the compression block 32 is located in the sliding groove 311 and close to the central axis of the annular cutter body 2, the first elastic member 33 is in an unforced state; when the clamping pin 43 is clamped in the clamping groove 24, the third elastic member 44 is in an unforced state, so that the components in the initial state can be ensured to be in stable positions.

[0051] The implementation principle of the embodiment 1 is that when the rock rolling cutter breaks the rock wall, the annular cutter body 2 rolls against the rock wall, and then drives the plurality of compression blocks 31 to sequentially abut against the rock wall. In the process, after the compression block 31 abuts against the rock wall, the compression block 31 moves to the deep part of the blind hole 21, so that the sealing block 32 and the sliding groove 311 produce relative sliding to open the water injection hole 313, and the water jet is directly injected into the contact surface between the annular cutter body 2 and the rock wall, so that the water injection is realized in a fixed point and a fixed direction, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. When the compression block 31 is separated from the abutment with the rock wall, the first elastic member 33 can drive the compression block 31 to reset, so that the sealing block 32 blocks the water injection hole 313. Thus, the water injection in a fixed point and a fixed direction is realized, the waste of water resources is reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. In addition, when the compression block 31 moves to the deep part of the blind hole 21, the compression block 31 also compresses the compression cavity 211, so as to increase the water pressure in the compression cavity 211 and improve the injection intensity of the water jet, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency. In addition, when the compression block 31 abuts against the rock wall and moves to the deep part of the blind hole 21, the first elastic member 33 is compressed. When the compression block 31 continuously moves to the deep part of the blind hole 21, the clamping pin 43 is suddenly separated from the clamping groove 24 at this moment. The piston block 41 is compressed in the second cavity 2112 and the third elastic member 44 under the elastic force of the second elastic member 42. Due to the existence of the second channel 23, the first cavity 2111 of the compression cavity 211 in which the compression block 31 abuts against the rock wall is instantaneously pressurized, the injection intensity of the water jet is improved, and the compression block 31 at this position impacts and breaks the rock wall, thereby further improving the rock breaking efficiency. When the compression block 31 is separated from the abutment with the rock wall, the third elastic member 44 can move the piston block 41, the first elastic member 33 and the compression block 31 away from the central axis of the annular cutter body 2 and then reset, so as to perform the next pressurization and impact steps.

[0052] Embodiment 2 The embodiment 2 of the application further discloses a shield machine cutter head comprising the rock breaking rolling cutter as described in the embodiment 1.

[0053] The implementation principle of the embodiment 2 is that when the shield machine cutter head drives the rock breaking rolling cutter to roll and break the rock wall, the high-pressure water jet can be used to assist in breaking the rock wall and reducing the dust generated when the rock wall is broken. At the same time, the design of the pressurization assembly 3 in the rock breaking rolling cutter can make the water jet directly injected into the contact surface between the annular cutter body 2 and the rock wall in a fixed point and a fixed direction, and can also enhance the water jet and the water pressure, thereby reducing the waste of water resources and improving the rock breaking efficiency, and further improving the rock breaking capacity of the shield machine cutter head.

[0054] Embodiment 3 The embodiment 3 of the application further discloses a shield machine comprising the shield machine cutter head as described in the embodiment 2.

[0055] The implementation principle of the embodiment 3 is to improve the rock breaking capacity and rock breaking efficiency of the shield machine by using the cutter head of the shield machine provided with the auxiliary water spraying device.

[0056] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application, so that: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A rock breaking cutter, characterized in that: include: A knife shaft (1), wherein an annular cavity (11) connected to an external water source is provided on the outer wall of the knife shaft (1); An annular cutter body (2) is coaxially rotatably arranged on the cutter shaft (1), and a plurality of blind holes (21) are provided on the rolling surface of the annular cutter body (2) along the circumference of its own rotation axis at preset intervals; A plurality of booster assemblies (3), wherein the plurality of booster assemblies (3) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of blind holes (21), and the booster assemblies (3) include a compression block (31), a blocking block (32), and a first elastic member (33); one end of the compression block (31) is inserted into the blind hole (21) and is sealingly and slidingly connected to the inner wall of the blind hole (21) to form a compression chamber (211), and the other end extends outward from the blind hole (21); the annular blade body (2) is provided with a plurality of first channels (22) for connecting the compression chamber (211) and the annular chamber (11); the compression block (31) is provided with a slide groove (311), a connecting hole (312), and a water spray hole (313); The slide groove (311) is arranged on the side wall of the compression block (31) located in the blind hole (21); the connecting hole (312) connects the slide groove (311) and the compression chamber (211); one end of the water spray hole (313) is connected to the slide groove (311), and the other end passes through the end surface of the compression block (31) away from the central axis of the annular blade body (2); the blocking block (32) is fixed to the inner wall of the blind hole (21) and is slidably connected to the slide groove (311); when the blocking block (32) is located in the slide groove (311) near the central axis of the annular blade body (2), it blocks the water spray hole (313); the first elastic member (33) is used to make the compression block (31) pop out of the blind hole (21).

2. The rock breaking roller cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a plurality of impact assemblies (4), wherein the plurality of impact assemblies (4) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of boosting assemblies (3); the impact assembly (4) includes a piston block (41), a second elastic member (42), a latching pin (43) and a third elastic member (44); the piston block (41) is sealingly and slidably arranged in the compression chamber (211) to separate the compression chamber (211) into a first chamber (2111) and a second chamber (2112); the first chamber (2111) is located in the piston block (41) and the compression block (31), the first channel (22) connects the first chamber (2111) and the annular chamber (11); the annular blade body (2) is provided with a plurality of second channels (23), the second channels (23) connect the first chamber (2111) of one compression chamber (211) with the second chamber (2112) of another adjacent compression chamber (211); the first elastic member (33) is provided between the piston block (41) and the compression block (31), one end of which is connected to the first elastic member (33) The piston block (41) has its other end connected to the compression block (31); a sliding hole (411) for the locking pin (43) to be slidably arranged therein is provided on the side wall of the piston block (41); a locking groove (24) is provided on the inner wall of the blind hole (21); the second elastic member (42) is used to make one end of the locking pin (43) pop out of the sliding hole (411) and then be locked into the locking groove (24) to limit the sliding of the piston block (41); the third elastic member (44) is used to make the piston block (41) The compression block (31) has a tendency to move in a direction close to the compression block (31); when the compression block (31) approaches the piston block (41) to a predetermined distance under the action of an external force, the engaging pin (43) can be disengaged from the engaging groove (24), so that the piston block (41) compresses the second chamber (2112); and when the compression block (31) is free from the action of the external force, the third elastic member (44) can move the piston block (41), the first elastic member (33) and the compression block (31) in a direction away from the central axis of the annular blade body (2) and then reset.

3. The rock breaking roller cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the blocking block (32) is located in the sliding groove (311) near one end of the central axis of the annular blade body (2), the first elastic member (33) is in a state not subjected to external force; when the engaging pin (43) is engaged in the engaging groove (24), the third elastic member (44) is in a state not subjected to external force; and the elastic force of the first elastic member (33) is greater than the elastic force of the third elastic member (44).

4. The rock breaking roller cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping slot (24) is hemispherical, and one end of the clamping pin (43) for clamping with the clamping slot (24) is provided with a hemispherical head (431) that matches the shape of the clamping slot (24).

5. The rock breaking roller cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the compression block (31) away from the central axis of the annular blade body (2) is tapered; the water spray hole (313) is located at the opening of the compression block (31) away from the central axis of the annular blade body (2), and a filter screen (5) is provided.

6. The rock breaking roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thrust spherical roller bearing (6) is provided on the cutter shaft (1), and the annular cutter body (2) is coaxially rotatably connected to the cutter shaft (1) via the thrust spherical roller bearing (6).

7. The rock breaking roller cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional width of the annular blade body (2) gradually decreases from the center of the annular blade body (2) toward the outside of the annular blade body (2).

8. The rock breaking roller cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking block (32) can also block the communicating hole (312) when it is located in the chute (311) near one end of the central axis of the annular blade body (2); the water spray hole (313) and the communicating hole (312) are both provided with sealing rings (7) at their openings in the chute (311).

9. A shield machine cutterhead, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rock breaking cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A shield machine, characterized in that: It includes the shield machine cutter head as described in claim 9.

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