High-altitude pollution particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-altitude pollution particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake. The technical problems that an existing unpowered aircraft cannot obtain enough analysis and measurement pollution particulate matter samples under part of working conditions and cannot achieve graded sampling are solved. The sampling device comprises a shell as well as a sampling mechanism, a flow measuring mechanism, a master controller, a gas extraction mechanism and a power supply which are positioned in the shell, and the sampling mechanism is arranged close to a sample inlet and is used for collecting a pollutant particle sample in gas; the flow measuring mechanism is electrically connected with the main controller and is used for measuring flow information of the gas passing through the sampling mechanism; the air exhaust mechanism is electrically connected with the main controller and is used for realizing active air intake and exhausting air through the exhaust hole; the power supply is connected with the master controller for supplying power to the master controller; the master controller is used for controlling starting and stopping of the flow measuring mechanism and the air exhaust mechanism and storing flow information transmitted by the flow measuring mechanism. The sampling device can be quickly launched to the position of the pollutant cloud cluster, so that quick and accurate sampling is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a pollutant sampling device, and more particularly to a high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude pollutant sampling technology is mainly used to study the distribution, transport, and transformation processes of pollutants in the atmosphere, thereby providing a scientific basis for air quality monitoring and pollution control. This technology collects gaseous pollutants (such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds) and particulate matter (such as PM2.5, PM10, and black carbon) from the upper atmosphere and analyzes their concentration, composition, and sources.

[0003] Currently, high-altitude sampling of pollutants typically involves using weather balloons or drones carrying sampling equipment. This equipment usually includes filters, adsorption tubes, and gas sampling bottles, facilitating the capture of particulate matter or adsorbed gaseous pollutants. However, for sampling targets that suddenly appear with dense smoke, such as smoke from fires, explosions, or construction sites, the movement and diffusion speed is relatively fast, while the flight speed of weather balloons or drones carrying sampling equipment is usually slow. This can easily lead to sampling failures or significant errors in the sampling results.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, Chinese invention patent CN 117508700 A discloses a powerless aircraft and sampling system for airborne aerosol collection. The disclosed powerless aircraft structure ensures a stable airflow velocity entering the aircraft, avoiding turbulence and thus guaranteeing the quality of the collected aerosols. However, this aircraft relies on passive air intake during flight for sampling. In situations with particularly short effective cloud penetration distances, passive air intake results in a small sampling volume, potentially leading to insufficient samples of particulate matter for analysis and measurement. Furthermore, because passive air intake can overcome relatively little pressure resistance, this aircraft can only perform total dust sampling and cannot achieve graded sampling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of existing unpowered aircraft using passive air intake, which makes it impossible to obtain sufficient particulate matter samples for analysis and measurement when the effective cloud penetration distance is particularly short, and also makes it impossible to achieve graded sampling. The invention provides a high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake, characterized by:

[0008] Includes the housing and the sampling mechanism, flow measurement mechanism, main controller, air extraction mechanism and power supply located inside the housing;

[0009] The outer shell is a hollow cylindrical structure with a sample inlet at one end and a closed structure at the other end. At least one exhaust hole is provided on the side wall of the other end along the circumferential direction.

[0010] The sampling mechanism, flow measurement mechanism, and air extraction mechanism are sequentially connected and installed on the inner wall of the housing. The sampling mechanism is located near the inlet and is used to collect particulate matter samples from the gas. The flow measurement mechanism is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to measure the flow rate of the gas after passing through the sampling mechanism and transmit it to the main controller. The air extraction mechanism is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to achieve active air intake and discharge the gas through the exhaust port.

[0011] The main controller and power supply are both installed on the sampling mechanism; the power supply is connected to the main controller and is used to supply power to it; the main controller is used to control the start and stop of the flow measurement mechanism and the air extraction mechanism, and to store the flow information transmitted by the flow measurement mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the sampling mechanism includes a first mounting base, a sampling cylinder, a filter cylinder, and a filter screen;

[0013] The first mounting base is a conical structure, with its small conical end coaxially connected to the air inlet of the sampling tube, and its large conical end facing the sample inlet and connected to the inner wall of the outer shell; the sampling tube is coaxially arranged with the outer shell, and a gap is provided between it and the inner wall of the outer shell; the main controller and power supply are respectively installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube; the filter cartridge is located inside the sampling tube, with one end of the filter cartridge opening facing the sample inlet and installed at the connection between the first mounting base and the sampling tube; the filter cartridge is used to collect particulate matter samples and allow gas to pass through; the filter screen is installed at the air outlet of the sampling tube and connected to the other end of the filter cartridge, and is used to provide support for the filter cartridge.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an infrared switch, which is a diffuse reflection laser infrared switch, electrically connected to the main controller, used to sense changes in the concentration of pollutant particles and transmit the information to the main controller.

[0015] The outer wall of the sampling tube has multiple planes, which are connected to form a prism structure coaxial with the sampling tube; the infrared switch, main controller and power supply are respectively installed on one or more planes of the prism structure.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an air intake opening and closing mechanism located inside the housing;

[0017] The air intake opening and closing mechanism includes an actuator, a transmission assembly, and a damper; the actuator is electrically connected to the main controller, and one end is mounted on the large conical end of the first mounting base; the transmission assembly includes a first fixed base and a transmission shaft; the other end of the actuator is connected to the first fixed base, and the drive shaft of the actuator extends into the first fixed base and is movably connected to the first fixed base; the transmission shaft is vertically and rotatably mounted on the first fixed base and connected to the drive shaft of the actuator; the damper is located at the end of the first fixed base near the sample inlet and is mounted on the transmission shaft, and the size and shape of the damper are adapted to the sample inlet; the drive shaft of the actuator is used to drive the transmission shaft to rotate, thereby driving the damper to rotate around the central axis of the transmission shaft.

[0018] Furthermore, the flow measurement mechanism includes a second mounting base and a flow sensor;

[0019] The second mounting base is installed on the inner wall of the housing, with one end connected to the air outlet of the sampling tube and the other end connected to the suction mechanism; the flow sensor is installed on the second mounting base and electrically connected to the main controller; one end of the flow sensor is connected to the sampling tube, and the other end is connected to the exhaust port through the suction mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, the end of the air extraction mechanism away from the flow measurement mechanism is provided with a flow guide, which is installed on the inner wall of the housing, and the end near the air extraction mechanism is provided with a flow guide surface, which is used to guide the gas after passing through the air extraction mechanism to the exhaust port and discharge it.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a parachute module;

[0022] The parachute module includes a fixing component, a parachute, and a parachute controller; the fixing component is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially mounted on the closed end of the outer shell; the parachute and the parachute controller are interconnected and installed inside the fixing component; the parachute is initially retracted into the fixing component and is used to open at a preset attitude or when a preset time is reached; the parachute controller is electrically connected to the main controller.

[0023] Furthermore, the fixing member has multiple tail wings with the same structure evenly distributed along the circumference, and each tail wing is connected to the outer circular surface of the fixing member through a folding mechanism;

[0024] The folding mechanism includes a second fixed base, a rotating shaft, a torsion spring, and a baffle. The tail fin has a slot with the slot opening facing the fixing member. The second fixed base is installed on the outer circular surface of the fixing member and is located inside the slot. One end of the rotating shaft is installed on the second fixed base, and the other end is rotatably connected to the tail fin. The torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and its two free ends are respectively pressed against the outer circular surface of the fixing member and the tail fin. The baffle is located on the side of the tail fin away from the torsion spring, with one end vertically installed on the second fixed base and the other end suspended in the air, used to restrict the rotation of the tail fin.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes an electronic gyroscope, which is installed on any plane of the sampling cylinder prism structure and electrically connected to the main controller, used to acquire the angular velocity, acceleration and attitude angle data of the sampling mechanism and transmit them to the main controller.

[0026] Furthermore, the air extraction mechanism is a fan or an air pump;

[0027] The outer casing is provided with at least one removable cover plate near the sampling tube for the installation and removal of the power supply, main controller and electronic gyroscope.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention includes a housing and a sampling mechanism, a flow measurement mechanism, a main controller, an exhaust mechanism, and a power supply located within the housing. The sampling mechanism is used to collect particulate matter samples from the gas, the flow measurement mechanism is used to measure the flow rate information of the gas after passing through the sampling mechanism, the exhaust mechanism is used to realize active air intake and discharge the gas through the exhaust port, and the main controller is used to control the start and stop of the flow measurement mechanism and the exhaust mechanism, as well as to store the flow rate information transmitted by the flow measurement mechanism. The components cooperate with each other, increasing the sampling flow rate and sampling volume of the sampling device, as well as the ability to quickly penetrate clouds for sampling, thereby enabling the rapid and efficient acquisition of sufficient particulate matter samples for analysis and measurement.

[0030] 2. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention adopts an air extraction mechanism to increase the sampling flow rate, which can overcome greater pressure resistance, thereby enabling the sampling structure to act as a small impactor to achieve graded sampling.

[0031] 3. In the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention, the filter screen of the sampling mechanism provides strong support for the filter cartridge, thereby ensuring that the sampling process is stable and effective.

[0032] 4. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention also includes an infrared switch. The infrared switch is a diffuse reflection laser infrared switch. When the sampling device enters and leaves the smoke cloud, it can sense the change in the concentration of particulate matter, thereby determining the time when the sampler enters and leaves the smoke cloud, thus providing effective data support for the sampling process.

[0033] 5. In the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention, the outer wall of the sampling tube is a prismatic structure, which improves the stability and convenience of installing devices such as infrared switches, main controllers and power supplies.

[0034] 6. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention also includes an air intake opening and closing mechanism. By opening and closing the air intake opening and closing mechanism, gas containing particulate matter can enter the sampling mechanism, which greatly reduces the amount of ordinary air entering the sampling mechanism, thereby making the sampling results more accurate.

[0035] 7. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention has a guide component installed at the rear end of the air extraction mechanism to quickly guide the gas after passing through the air extraction mechanism to the exhaust port and discharge it, thereby improving the gas flow during the sampling process.

[0036] 8. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention is also equipped with a parachute module at the tail of the shell. When the sampling device reaches a preset attitude or preset time, the main controller can control the parachute to open. After the parachute opens, the entire sampling device can descend slowly to avoid violent impact with the ground, prevent the sample collected on the filter cartridge from falling off, and prevent the sampling device from being damaged.

[0037] 9. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake provided by the present invention also includes an electronic gyroscope, which is used to acquire the angular velocity, acceleration and attitude angle data of the sampling mechanism in real time and transmit them to the main controller, providing a basis for subsequent data analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sampling mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention (filter cylinder not shown);

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flow measurement mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the intake opening and closing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the tail fin and the folding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0047] 10-Outer shell; 11-Inlet; 12-Exhaust port; 13-Removable cover; 20-Sampling mechanism; 21-Sampling cylinder; 211-Flat surface; 22-First mounting base; 23-Filter screen; 24-Sampling cavity; 30-Flow measurement mechanism; 31-Second mounting base; 32-Flow sensor; 40-Main controller; 50-Power supply; 60-Inlet opening and closing mechanism; 61-Actuator; 62-Transmission assembly; 621-First fixed base; 622-Drive shaft; 63-Damper; 70-Evacuation mechanism; 80-Guide component; 81-Guide surface; 90-Parachute module; 100-Fixing component; 110-Tail fin; 120-Folding mechanism; 121-Second fixed base; 122-Rotating shaft; 123-Torsion spring; 124-Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake, including a housing 10 and a sampling mechanism 20, a flow measurement mechanism 30, a main controller 40, an air extraction mechanism 70, and a power supply 50 located inside the housing 10.

[0050] The outer casing 10 is a hollow cylindrical structure, with an inlet 11 at one end for allowing gas containing pollutant clouds to enter; the other end is a closed structure, and at least one exhaust port 12 is provided circumferentially on the side wall of the other end for allowing the filtered and sampled gas to exit. For example, Figure 1 The outer casing 10 shown has multiple vent holes 12 arranged in an array around its circumference. Of course, the outer casing 10 may also have only one vent hole 12.

[0051] The sampling mechanism 20, flow measurement mechanism 30, and air extraction mechanism 70 are sequentially connected and installed on the inner wall of the outer casing 10. The sampling mechanism 20 is located near the inlet 11 and is used to collect particulate matter samples from the gas. When the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device of this embodiment reaches the location of the polluted air cloud, the gas containing the pollutant cloud enters the sampling cavity 24 of the sampling mechanism 20 through the inlet 11, and the particulate matter will adhere to the filter cartridge in the sampling cavity 24.

[0052] The flow measurement mechanism 30 is electrically connected to the main controller 40. It measures the filtered gas flowing out of the sampling mechanism 20, measures the gas flow rate, and transmits the obtained flow information to the main controller 40. The main controller 40 is mounted on the sampling mechanism 20 and electrically connected to the flow measurement mechanism 30. It is configured to monitor the gas flow rate entering the sampling mechanism 20 and store the measurement results of the flow measurement mechanism 30.

[0053] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the air extraction mechanism 70 is electrically connected to the main controller 40 to achieve active air intake and discharge gas through the exhaust port 12. In this embodiment, the air extraction mechanism 70 is a fan or an air pump. The fan or air pump is connected to the rear end of the flow measurement mechanism 30 and electrically connected to the main controller 40. The main controller 40 is configured to start the fan or air pump when the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device starts sampling to form an airflow from the inlet 11 to the fan or air pump, and control the fan or air pump to stop running according to set conditions to end the sampling.

[0054] The main controller 40 is pre-programmed with a computer program. When the main controller 40 is powered on, the computer program begins execution. When the start condition is met, the main controller 40 begins recording flow information; when the stop condition is met, the main controller 40 stops recording flow information. For example, the start condition and the stop condition can be time, such as the start condition being 5 seconds after the main controller 40 is powered on, and the stop condition being 8 seconds after the main controller 40 is powered on. The start condition can also be designed as acceleration or other parameters according to actual conditions.

[0055] The power supply 50 is installed on the sampling mechanism 20 and is connected to the main controller 40 to supply power to it.

[0056] The sampling mechanism 20, flow measurement mechanism 30, main controller 40, and power supply 50 of this high-altitude particulate matter sampling device are all located inside the outer casing 10. When using this high-altitude particulate matter sampling device, it is placed in a pneumatic launcher or other ejection device and launched towards the pollutant cloud. The device is rapidly launched to the location of the polluted air cloud. The power supply 50 supplies power to the main controller 40 and flow measurement mechanism 30. The main controller 40 controls the flow measurement mechanism 30 to start operating. As the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device moves within the pollutant cloud, gas enters the sampling mechanism 20 through the inlet 11. The pollutant particles in the gas adhere to the filter cartridge within the sampling cavity 24. The gas passes through the filter cartridge and enters the flow measurement mechanism 30, which measures the flow rate of the gas passing through the sampling cavity 24. The main controller 40 stores the measurement results. Finally, the pollutant concentration is calculated based on the mass of the pollutant particles adhering to the filter cartridge and the measurement results from the flow measurement mechanism 30. Therefore, this high-altitude particulate matter sampling device can quickly move to the location of polluted air, avoiding the situation where sampling cannot be completed or the sampling results are significantly inaccurate due to the rapid diffusion or migration of polluted air caused by airflow. Simultaneously, the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device traverses the polluted air cloud for a short period during its movement; activating the air extraction mechanism 70 allows the device to actively intake air, enabling the sampling mechanism 20 to collect a larger number of samples in a shorter time.

[0057] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the sampling mechanism 20 of this embodiment includes a first mounting base 22, a sampling cylinder 21, a filter cylinder and a filter screen 23. The sampling cylinder 21 defines a sampling cavity 24, and the two ends of the sampling cylinder 21 are an air inlet and an air outlet that are connected to the two ends of the sampling cavity 24, respectively.

[0058] The first mounting base 22 is a conical structure. Its small conical end is coaxial with the air inlet of the sampling cavity 24 and is detachably connected. The large conical end is set towards the sample inlet 11 and connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 10. The sampling tube 21 is coaxial with the outer shell 10 and has a gap between it and the inner wall of the outer shell 10. The main controller 40 and the power supply 50 are respectively installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube 21.

[0059] The filter cartridge is located inside the sampling tube 21 (not shown in the figure), with one open end facing the sample inlet 11, and is installed at the connection between the first mounting base 22 and the sampling tube 21. The filter cartridge is used to collect particulate matter samples and allow gas to pass through. When the filter cartridge needs to be installed, the first mounting base 22 is removed from the sampling tube 21, the open end of the filter cartridge is then installed at the air inlet of the sampling tube 21, and finally the first mounting base 22 is reconnected to the sampling tube 21, with the filter cartridge located inside the sampling cavity 24. Exemplarily, the first mounting base 22 is threadedly connected to the sampling tube 21.

[0060] When the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device is working, the gas containing particulate matter enters from the inlet 11 of the outer shell 10, passes through the first mounting base 22 and the filter cartridge, and the particulate matter is filtered and adheres to the filter cartridge; then, the filtered gas flows out from the outlet end of the sampling tube 21.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the filter screen 23 is installed at the gas outlet end of the sampling tube 21 and connected to the other end of the filter tube. It is used to provide support for the filter tube, prevent the filter tube from falling off, and at the same time provide an outlet path for the gas flowing through the filter tube.

[0062] This embodiment also includes an infrared switch, which is a diffuse reflection laser infrared switch electrically connected to the main controller 40. This switch is used to sense changes in particulate matter concentration and transmit this information to the main controller 40. When the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device enters or leaves the smoke cloud, the infrared switch can sense changes in particulate matter concentration, thus allowing the determination of the timing of the device's entry and exit from the smoke cloud.

[0063] Specifically, the outer wall of the sampling tube 21 has multiple planes 211, which are interconnected to form a prism structure coaxial with the sampling tube 21; the infrared switch, the main controller 40, and the power supply 50 are respectively mounted on one or more planes 211 of the prism structure. Of course, the sampling tube 21 can also be designed with other corresponding structures according to the usage requirements.

[0064] This embodiment also includes an air inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 located inside the housing 10. The air inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 is installed inside the housing 10 and located at the air inlet end of the sampling mechanism 20. When the air inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 is in the open state, the sample inlet 11 is connected to the sampling cavity 24; when the air inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 is in the closed state, the air inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 isolates the sample inlet 11 from the sampling cavity 24. The main controller 40 is electrically connected to the air inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 and is configured to control the state of the air inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 according to preset conditions.

[0065] The sample inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 controls whether the sampling cavity 24 is connected to the outside. When the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device has not reached the polluted air cloud, the sample inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 is in the closed state, and outside gas cannot enter the sampling cavity 24. When the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device reaches the polluted air cloud, the main controller 40 switches the inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 to the open state, allowing outside gas containing particulate matter to enter the sampling cavity 24; after the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device passes through the polluted air cloud, the main controller 40 switches the inlet opening and closing mechanism 60 to the closed state, preventing outside gas from entering the sampling cavity 24.

[0066] The main controller 40 controls the state of the air intake opening and closing mechanism 60 to allow gas containing polluting particles to enter the sampling cavity 24, thereby completing the sampling. This significantly reduces the amount of ordinary air entering the sampling cavity 24, thus making the sampling results more accurate.

[0067] For example, the preset conditions can be time conditions. For instance, the main controller 40 controls the intake opening and closing mechanism 60 to switch to the open state 5 seconds after power-on, the main controller 40 controls the intake opening and closing mechanism 60 to switch to the closed state 8 seconds after power-on, and the main controller 40 controls the intake opening and closing mechanism 60 to switch to the open state 10 seconds after power-on.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the air intake opening and closing mechanism 60 includes an actuator 61, a transmission assembly 62, and a damper 63. The actuator 61 is electrically connected to the main controller 40, and one end is mounted on the large conical end of the first mounting base 22. The transmission assembly 62 includes a first fixed base 621 and a transmission shaft 622; the other end of the actuator 61 is connected to the first fixed base 621, and the drive shaft of the actuator 61 extends into the first fixed base 621 and is movably connected to the first fixed base 621. The transmission shaft 622 is vertically and rotatably mounted on the first fixed base 621 and connected to the drive shaft of the actuator 61; the damper 63 is located at the end of the first fixed base 621 near the sample inlet 11 and is mounted on the transmission shaft 622, and the size and shape of the damper 63 are adapted to the sample inlet 11.

[0069] When it is necessary to connect the sampling cavity 24 with the inlet 11, the main controller 40 controls the actuator 61 to operate. The drive shaft of the actuator 61 drives the damper 63 to rotate through the transmission assembly 62, so that the damper 63 no longer blocks the inlet 11. When it is necessary to disconnect the sampling cavity 24 from the inlet 11, the main controller 40 controls the actuator 61 to operate. The drive end of the actuator 61 drives the damper 63 to rotate through the transmission assembly 62, so that the damper 63 blocks the inlet 11.

[0070] For example, the actuator 61 can be a motor, and the transmission assembly 62 can be a speed reducer.

[0071] like Figure 6 As shown, the flow measurement mechanism 30 in this embodiment includes a second mounting base 31 and a flow sensor 32.

[0072] The second mounting base 31 is installed on the inner wall of the outer casing 10, with one end connected to the gas outlet of the sampling tube 21 and the other end connected to the suction mechanism 70. The flow sensor 32 is mounted on the second mounting base 31 and electrically connected to the main controller 40; one end of the flow sensor 32 is connected to the sampling tube 21, and the other end is connected to the exhaust port 12 via the suction mechanism 70. Gas flowing out of the sampling mechanism 20 enters the flow sensor 32, which measures the flow rate of the gas flowing through the filter paper. Gas flowing out of the flow sensor 32 passes through the suction mechanism 70 and is then quickly discharged through the exhaust port 12.

[0073] For example, the second mounting base 31 is connected to the sampling mechanism 20 via a flange.

[0074] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the exhaust port 12 is located on the side of the outer shell 10. In order to accelerate the rapid discharge of gas inside the outer shell 10, this embodiment provides a guide 80 at the end of the suction mechanism 70 away from the flow measurement mechanism 30. The guide 80 is installed on the inner wall of the outer shell 10, and a guide surface 81 is provided at the end near the suction mechanism 70, which is used to quickly guide the gas after passing through the suction mechanism 70 to the exhaust port 12 and discharge it.

[0075] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment also includes a parachute module 90, which is installed inside the housing 10 and located at the tail end (i.e., the closed end) of the housing 10. The main controller 40 is electrically connected to the parachute and is configured to control the parachute to open when the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device reaches a preset attitude or a preset time.

[0076] Once the parachute opens, the entire high-altitude particulate matter sampling device descends slowly, avoiding a violent impact with the ground, preventing the samples collected on the filter cartridge from falling off, and preventing damage to the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device.

[0077] The parachute module 90 of this embodiment includes a fixing member 100, a parachute, and a parachute controller. The fixing member 100 is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially mounted on the closed end of the outer shell 10, and can be designed as an integral structure with the outer shell 10. The parachute and the parachute controller are interconnected and installed inside the fixing member 100. The parachute is initially retracted inside the fixing member 100 and is used to open at a preset attitude or when a preset time is reached. The parachute controller is electrically connected to the main controller 40.

[0078] like Figure 1 and Figure 8As shown, the fixing member 100 has multiple identical tail fins 110 evenly distributed circumferentially, and each tail fin 110 is connected to the outer surface of the fixing member 100 via a folding mechanism 120. When the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device is placed on a pneumatic launch device or other catapult device, the multiple folding mechanisms 120 are in a folded state, so that the multiple tail fins 110 are close to the outer shell 10. During the flight of the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device, the multiple folding mechanisms 120 are in an open state, so that the multiple tail fins 110 are in an deployed state.

[0079] The folding mechanism 120 of this embodiment includes a second fixed base 121, a rotating shaft 122, a torsion spring 123, and a baffle 124. The tail wing 110 has a slot, with the slot opening facing the fixing member 100. The second fixed base 121 is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the fixing member 100 and located within the slot. One end of the rotating shaft 122 is mounted on the second fixed base 121, and the other end is rotatably connected to the tail wing 110. The torsion spring 123 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 122, and its two free ends are respectively pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the fixing member 100 and the tail wing 110. The baffle 124 is located on the side of the tail wing 110 away from the torsion spring 123, with one end vertically mounted on the second fixed base 121 and the other end suspended, used to restrict the rotation of the tail wing 110.

[0080] The folding mechanism 120 is designed to make the high-altitude particulate matter sampling device suitable for use with a cylindrical launcher. When the sampling device needs to be placed inside the launch tube, multiple tail fins 110 are rotated around the pivot 122 to press them against the outer casing 10, increasing the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring 123. The sampling device is then placed inside the launch tube. After the sampling device exits the launch tube, the tail fins 110 rotate around the pivot 122 under the drive of the torsion spring 123, causing them to deploy. When the tail fins 110 deploy to a preset position, the baffle 124 and the second fixed base 121 block each other, stopping the tail fins 110 from rotating.

[0081] It also includes an electronic gyroscope, which is mounted on any plane 211 of the prism structure of the sampling cylinder 21 and electrically connected to the main controller 40, for acquiring the angular velocity, acceleration and attitude angle data of the sampling mechanism 20 and transmitting them to the main controller 40.

[0082] like Figure 1As shown, the outer casing 10 has at least one removable cover 13, which is located at the corresponding position on the sampling tube 21. The main controller 40, power supply 50, and electronic gyroscope are all located below the removable cover 13. When the operator opens the removable cover 13, they can operate the switch on the main controller 40 to power it on. Alternatively, the main controller 40 can also communicate with the operator's computer, tablet, etc., via Bluetooth, allowing the operator to power it on. Simultaneously, the power supply 50 and electronic gyroscope can be installed and removed according to installation requirements.

[0083] This embodiment provides a high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake, solving the technical problem that existing high-altitude sampling processes are slow and unable to quickly sample dense smoke. The sampling device is equipped with an air extraction mechanism 70, changing the air intake method from passive to active, thereby increasing the sampling flow rate and volume. Corresponding improvements have been made to the control program, adding settings for sampling start and stop conditions, enhancing the device's rapid cloud-penetrating sampling capability. Simultaneously, the air extraction mechanism 70 of this invention increases the sampling flow rate, overcoming greater pressure resistance, thus allowing the sampling cylinder 21 to be replaced with a small impactor for staged sampling.

[0084] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake, characterized in that: It includes a housing (10) and a sampling mechanism (20), a flow measurement mechanism (30), a main controller (40), an air extraction mechanism (70), and a power supply (50) located inside the housing (10); The outer shell (10) is a hollow cylindrical structure with a sample inlet (11) at one end and a closed structure at the other end. At least one exhaust hole (12) is provided on the side wall of the other end along the circumferential direction. The sampling mechanism (20), flow measurement mechanism (30), and suction mechanism (70) are connected in sequence and installed on the inner wall of the outer shell (10). The sampling mechanism (20) is located near the inlet (11) and is used to collect particulate matter samples in the gas. The flow measurement mechanism (30) is electrically connected to the main controller (40) and is used to measure the flow rate information of the gas after passing through the sampling mechanism (20) and transmit it to the main controller (40). The suction mechanism (70) is electrically connected to the main controller (40) and is used to realize active air intake and discharge the gas through the exhaust port (12). The main controller (40) and power supply (50) are both installed on the sampling mechanism (20); the power supply (50) is connected to the main controller (40) and is used to supply power to it; the main controller (40) is used to control the start and stop of the flow measurement mechanism (30) and the air extraction mechanism (70), and to store the flow information transmitted by the flow measurement mechanism (30).

2. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling mechanism (20) includes a first mounting base (22), a sampling cylinder (21), a filter cylinder, and a filter screen (23); The first mounting base (22) is a conical structure. Its small conical end is coaxially connected to the air inlet end of the sampling tube (21), and its large conical end is set towards the sample inlet (11) and connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (10). The sampling tube (21) is coaxially set with the outer shell (10) and there is a gap between it and the inner wall of the outer shell (10). The main controller (40) and the power supply (50) are respectively installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube (21). The filter is located inside the sampling tube (21). One end of the filter opening faces the sample inlet (11) and is installed at the connection between the first mounting base (22) and the sampling tube (21). The filter is used to collect particulate matter samples and allow gas to pass through. The filter screen (23) is installed at the air outlet end of the sampling tube (21) and connected to the other end of the filter, and is used to provide support for the filter.

3. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an infrared switch, which is a diffuse reflection laser infrared switch, which is electrically connected to the main controller (40) to sense changes in the concentration of polluting particulate matter and transmit the information to the main controller (40); The outer wall of the sampling tube (21) is provided with multiple planes (211), and the multiple planes (211) are connected to each other to form a prism structure coaxial with the sampling tube (21); the infrared switch, the main controller (40) and the power supply (50) are respectively installed on one or more planes (211) of the prism structure.

4. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an air intake opening and closing mechanism (60) located inside the housing (10); The intake opening and closing mechanism (60) includes an actuator (61), a transmission assembly (62), and a damper (63); the actuator (61) is electrically connected to the main controller (40), and one end is mounted on the large conical end of the first mounting base (22); the transmission assembly (62) includes a first fixed base (621) and a drive shaft (622); the other end of the actuator (61) is connected to the first fixed base (621), and the drive shaft of the actuator (61) extends into the first fixed base (621) and is movably connected to the first fixed base (621). The transmission shaft (622) is vertically and rotatably mounted on the first fixed seat (621) and connected to the drive shaft of the actuator (61); the damper (63) is located at one end of the first fixed seat (621) near the inlet (11) and is mounted on the transmission shaft (622). The size and shape of the damper (63) are adapted to the inlet (11); the drive shaft of the actuator (61) is used to drive the transmission shaft (622) to rotate, thereby driving the damper (63) to rotate around the central axis of the transmission shaft (622).

5. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow measurement mechanism (30) includes a second mounting base (31) and a flow sensor (32); The second mounting base (31) is installed on the inner wall of the outer shell (10), one end of which is connected to the air outlet of the sampling tube (21), and the other end is connected to the air extraction mechanism (70); the flow sensor (32) is installed on the second mounting base (31) and is electrically connected to the main controller (40); one end of the flow sensor (32) is connected to the sampling tube (21), and the other end is connected to the exhaust port (12) through the air extraction mechanism (70).

6. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end of the air extraction mechanism (70) away from the flow measurement mechanism (30) is provided with a guide (80). The guide (80) is installed on the inner wall of the outer shell (10), and the end near the air extraction mechanism (70) is provided with a guide surface (81) for guiding the gas after passing through the air extraction mechanism (70) to the exhaust port (12) and discharging it.

7. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a parachute module (90); The parachute module (90) includes a fixing member (100), a parachute, and a parachute controller; the fixing member (100) is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially installed at the closed end of the outer shell (10); the parachute and the parachute controller are interconnected and installed inside the fixing member (100); the parachute is initially retracted into the fixing member (100) and is used to open in a preset attitude or when a preset time is reached; the parachute controller is electrically connected to the main controller (40).

8. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixing member (100) has multiple tail wings (110) with the same structure evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Each tail wing (110) is connected to the outer circular surface of the fixing member (100) through a folding mechanism (120). The folding mechanism (120) includes a second fixed seat (121), a rotating shaft (122), a torsion spring (123), and a baffle (124). The tail wing (110) is provided with a slot, and the slot opening faces the fixing member (100). The second fixed seat (121) is installed on the outer circular surface of the fixing member (100) and is located in the slot. One end of the rotating shaft (122) is installed on the second fixed seat (121), and the other end is rotatably connected to the tail wing (110). The torsion spring (123) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (122), and its two free ends are respectively pressed against the outer circular surface of the fixing member (100) and the tail wing (110). The baffle (124) is located on the side of the tail wing (110) away from the torsion spring (123). One end of the baffle is vertically installed on the second fixed seat (121), and the other end is suspended, which is used to restrict the rotation of the tail wing (110).

9. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an electronic gyroscope, which is installed on any plane (211) of the prism structure of the sampling tube (21) and electrically connected to the main controller (40) to acquire the angular velocity, acceleration and attitude angle data of the sampling mechanism (20) and transmit them to the main controller (40).

10. The high-altitude particulate matter sampling device based on active air intake according to claim 9, characterized in that: The air extraction mechanism (70) is a fan or an air pump; The outer casing (10) is provided with at least one removable cover plate (13) near the sampling tube (21) for the installation and removal of the power supply (50), the main controller (40) and the electronic gyroscope.

Images