Method and system for judging cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for judging cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, manufacturing pleural effusion cast-off cell slides according to preparation operation specifications of pleural effusion sample slides; s2, observing the form of the pleural effusion exfoliated cell slide sample by using an optical microscope, and recording whether each sample form has the following five morphological characteristics: cloud cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles, red villus at the edge of cancer cells, red villus diffusion distribution, villus side length proportion of 1 / 3-1 / 5, and cell nucleus positioned on the opposite side of the villus; and S3, summarizing inspection results, and giving a final report. According to the invention, the method for determining the property of the lung adenocarcinoma sample through a cell morphology technology is of great clinical significance, and can guide clinical symptomatic treatment and prolong the lifetime of a patient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical testing, and in particular to a method and system for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] Cytological examination of pleural effusion plays an important role in the early diagnosis of tumors and the assessment of clinical efficacy. Currently, cytological examination of pleural effusion samples can determine the nature of the sample, i.e., whether cancer cells are present, but it cannot provide further information on the origin of cancer cells, which poses difficulties for further clinical examination and treatment.

[0003] The number of patients ultimately diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma was over 70% of all submitted pleural effusion samples. Therefore, determining the nature of lung adenocarcinoma through cell morphology techniques is of great clinical significance, as it can guide clinical treatment and prolong patient survival. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objective, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Prepare pleural effusion exfoliated cell slides according to the standard operating procedure for preparing pleural effusion sample slides;

[0007] Step S2: Use an optical microscope to observe the morphology of exfoliated cell samples from pleural effusion and record whether each sample has the following 5 morphological characteristics: cloud-like cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles, red villi at the edge of cancer cells, red villi spreading and distributed, villi side length accounting for 1 / 3 to 1 / 5, and cell nucleus located on the opposite side of the villi.

[0008] Step S3: Summarize the inspection results and give the final report.

[0009] Furthermore, step S2 includes the following steps:

[0010] Step S201: Observe whether the cells have cloudy cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles. If so, they are identified as adenocarcinoma cells; otherwise, they are identified as other cell types.

[0011] Step S202: Observe the edge of the cells identified as adenocarcinoma cells to see if there are red villi. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, the cells are identified as other cell types.

[0012] Step S203: For cells identified as adenocarcinoma cells with villous features at the edge, observe whether their villous features are divergent. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, the cells are identified as other cell types.

[0013] Step S204: For cells identified as adenocarcinoma cells with diffuse villi at the edge, observe the length of the edge containing villi and its proportion to the cell perimeter. If the proportion is 1 / 3 to 1 / 5, proceed to the next step; otherwise, the cell is identified as another type of cell.

[0014] Step S205: Observe the position of the cell nucleus of the cancer cell. When the cell nucleus is on the opposite side of the villous feature, the cell is identified as a lung adenocarcinoma cell; otherwise, it is identified as another type of cell.

[0015] Furthermore, computer software is used to assist in the interpretation of cell types and numbers under the microscope and to obtain the results data.

[0016] Furthermore, the computer software assistance includes computer graphics algorithms and artificial intelligence network models.

[0017] Furthermore, by employing an automatic staining machine and an automatic microscopic image acquisition device, the preparation of pleural effusion sample slides can be automated.

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention provides a system for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics, comprising a slide preparation module, a morphological observation module, and a reporting module, wherein:

[0019] The slide preparation module is used to prepare slides containing exfoliated cells from pleural effusion samples according to the standard operating procedure for preparing slides of pleural effusion samples.

[0020] The morphological observation module is used to observe the morphology of exfoliated cell samples from pleural effusion using an optical microscope, and to record whether each sample has the following 5 morphological characteristics: cloud-like cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles, red villi at the edge of cancer cells, red villi spreading and distributed, villi side length accounting for 1 / 3 to 1 / 5, and cell nucleus located on the opposite side of the villi.

[0021] The reporting module is used to summarize the inspection results and generate a final report.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, this system and method have the following advantages:

[0023] 1. This invention improves the specificity and sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis. The combination of characteristic features significantly reduces false positives (e.g., diffuse distribution of villi + contralateral nuclear location can exclude non-cancerous lesions); quantitative standards (e.g., villi proportion of 1 / 3 to 1 / 5) reduce subjective differences and improve repeatability.

[0024] 2. This invention accelerates the diagnostic process and supports precision treatment. Automation and image acquisition and recognition reduce human error and save labor costs; AI-assisted interpretation reduces initial screening time; clear subtyping results directly indicate the likelihood of lung adenocarcinoma, avoiding the additional waiting period for immunohistochemistry. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for determining cell properties based on cell morphology characteristics.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the interpretation process for lung adenocarcinoma cells.

[0027] Figure 3 Example image of adenocarcinoma cells under a microscope.

[0028] Figure 4 Example image of lung adenocarcinoma cells with red villi on one side. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention. To address the problem of accurate identification of lung adenocarcinoma in pleural effusion cytology examination, the present invention provides an easily implemented identification method based on cell morphology technology, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step S1: Prepare pleural effusion exfoliated cells slides by performing operations such as spreading and staining according to the standard operating procedure for preparing pleural effusion sample slides.

[0033] Step S2: Place the prepared slide on an optical microscope and use a 100X objective lens with oil immersion for observation and judgment.

[0034] By observing the collected microscopic images of the samples, determine whether the following morphological features are present:

[0035] 1. Cloudy cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles

[0036] 2. The edges of cancer cells exhibit red villi.

[0037] 3. The red downy hairs exhibit a characteristic of spreading outwards from the edges.

[0038] 4. The length of the side with red villi around the cancer cells accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 5 of the total perimeter.

[0039] 5. The cell nucleus of the cancer cell appears on the opposite side of the red villi.

[0040] When feature 1 is present, the cancer cells can be identified as adenocarcinoma. When features 2, 3, 4, and 5 are present simultaneously, the cancer cells can be identified as originating from the lungs.

[0041] Nebulous cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles are representative markers for identifying adenocarcinoma cells. This cytoplasm is associated with the high secretory function of tumor cells. Observing this morphological feature can accurately determine the nature of cancer cells as adenocarcinoma.

[0042] Through numerous cases of cell morphology examination, clinical findings have revealed that when cells identified as adenocarcinoma in pleural effusion exhibit specific villous characteristics, the possibility of lung cancer can be accurately suggested. These specific villous characteristics are described in points 2, 3, and 4 above, while the cell nuclei of cancer cells are located on the opposite side of the villous structure, i.e., feature 5 above.

[0043] To accurately identify cells as lung adenocarcinoma cells, all of the above conditions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 must be met simultaneously. When all of the above characteristics are met, the cells can be identified as lung adenocarcinoma cells. When some or all of the above conditions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are met, it is necessary to combine other morphological characteristics or diagnostic criteria to further determine the cell type.

[0044] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the interpretation process for lung adenocarcinoma cells. The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] Step S201: Based on the characteristics of adenocarcinoma cells, distinguish adenocarcinoma from other cell types. For example... Figure 3 The image shown is an example of adenocarcinoma cells under a microscope.

[0046] Step S202: Carefully observe the cell edges of cells identified as adenocarcinoma to see if there are red villi. If villi are present, proceed to step S203; otherwise, the cell is identified as another type of cell.

[0047] Step S203: For adenocarcinoma cells with villous features at the edge, further observe whether the villous features are divergent, that is, the villous extends from the cell edge outward. If this feature is present, proceed to step S204; otherwise, the cell is judged as another type of cell.

[0048] In step S204, further observe the length of the edge containing villi and its proportion to the cell perimeter. If the proportion is 1 / 3 to 1 / 5, proceed to step S205; otherwise, the cell is identified as another type of cell.

[0049] Step S205 involves further observing the location of the cancer cell nucleus. If the nucleus is located on the side opposite to the villous feature, the cell can be definitively identified as a lung adenocarcinoma; otherwise, it is classified as another cell type. For example... Figure 4 The image shown is an example of a microscopic image of a lung adenocarcinoma cell with the nucleus on the opposite side of the red villi.

[0050] To improve the accuracy of observation, the above observations should be performed under the conditions of a 100X oil immersion objective lens on an optical microscope.

[0051] Step S3: Complete the microscopic examination of the pleural effusion sample slide, summarize the examination results, and give the final report. Provide examination information suggesting lung adenocarcinoma for lung adenocarcinoma that meets the above morphological characteristics.

[0052] As an optimization of the embodiment, in order to further improve the accuracy and efficiency of the application of this technology, the cell interpretation work is completed by using proven and effective computer image algorithms or artificial intelligence network models, that is, the interpretation of cell types and quantities under the microscope is carried out with the assistance of computer software and the result data is obtained.

[0053] As an optimization of the embodiment, the preparation of pleural effusion sample slides is automated by using an automatic staining machine and an automatic microscopic image acquisition device, thereby reducing the deviation of manual operation, improving the consistency of sample preparation quality, increasing the degree of automation of project implementation, and improving the work efficiency of the inspection project.

[0054] The accuracy and reliability of the lung adenocarcinoma identification method based on cell morphology characteristics proposed in this invention were evaluated using clinical sample data to ensure its practical value in the examination of exfoliated cytology of pleural effusion.

[0055] Detailed verification process:

[0056] 1. Pharyngeal and peritoneal fluid cytology smears from 150 patients pathologically diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma were selected as validation samples. All samples met the following criteria:

[0057] (1) The diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed by reviewing histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations through the electronic medical record system;

[0058] (2) Pleural and peritoneal fluid smear samples were prepared strictly in accordance with standard operating procedures (including centrifugation, smearing, fixation and staining).

[0059] 2. Observation Method: Samples were observed using an optical microscope (100X oil immersion). Each sample was recorded to determine if it met the five key morphological characteristics proposed in this invention (cloudy cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles, red villi at the edge of cancer cells, diffuse distribution of red villi, villi side length accounting for 1 / 3 to 1 / 5 of the total length, and the nucleus located on the opposite side of the villi). Two experienced cell morphology examiners reviewed the slides to ensure the objectivity of the results.

[0060] Through the above verification process, the following results were observed in 150 lung adenocarcinoma pleural and peritoneal effusion samples:

[0061] (1) Samples meeting all 5 characteristics (identified as lung adenocarcinoma): 126 cases (84%);

[0062] (2) Samples that only meet some characteristics (requiring further identification): 24 cases (16%) (of which 15 cases meet characteristic 1 but the villus characteristics are not typical, and 9 cases meet the villus characteristics but the cytoplasmic morphology is not typical).

[0063] Further analysis revealed:

[0064] (1) The proportion of samples that met feature 1 (cloudy cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles) was as high as 93% (140 / 150), which confirms that this feature has high specificity for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma;

[0065] (2) 89% (134 / 150) of the samples met features 2, 3, 4, and 5 (red villi-related features), of which 126 cases (94%) met all 5 features, supporting the value of this combination of features in determining the origin of lung adenocarcinoma.

[0066] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Prepare pleural effusion exfoliated cell slides according to the standard operating procedure for preparing pleural effusion sample slides; Step S2: Use an optical microscope to observe the morphology of the pleural effusion exfoliated cell slide samples and record whether each sample has the following 5 morphological characteristics: cloud-like cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles, red villi at the edge of cancer cells, red villi spreading and distributed, villi side length accounting for 1 / 3 to 1 / 5, and cell nucleus located on the opposite side of the villi. Step S3: Summarize the inspection results and give the final report.

2. The method for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S201: Observe whether the cells have cloudy cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles. If so, they are identified as adenocarcinoma cells; otherwise, they are identified as other cell types. Step S202: Observe the edge of the cells identified as adenocarcinoma cells to see if there are red villi. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, the cells are identified as other cell types. Step S203: For cells identified as adenocarcinoma cells with villous features at the edge, observe whether their villous features are divergent. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, the cells are identified as other cell types. Step S204: For cells identified as adenocarcinoma cells with diffuse villi at the edge, observe the length of the edge containing villi and its proportion to the cell perimeter. If the proportion is 1 / 3 to 1 / 5, proceed to the next step; otherwise, the cell is identified as another type of cell. Step S205: Observe the position of the cell nucleus of the cancer cell. When the cell nucleus is on the opposite side of the villous feature, the cell is identified as a lung adenocarcinoma cell; otherwise, it is identified as another type of cell.

3. The method for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, Computer software is used to assist in interpreting the types and numbers of cells under a microscope and to obtain the results data.

4. The method for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that, The computer software assistance includes computer graphics algorithms and artificial intelligence network models.

5. The method for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automated preparation of pleural effusion sample slides is achieved by using an automatic staining machine and an automatic microscopic image acquisition device.

6. A system for determining cell properties based on cell morphological characteristics, characterized in that, It includes a slide preparation module, a morphological observation module, and a report module, among which: The slide preparation module is used to prepare slides containing exfoliated cells from pleural effusion samples according to the standard operating procedure for preparing slides of pleural effusion samples. The morphological observation module is used to observe the morphology of exfoliated cell samples from pleural effusion using an optical microscope, and to record whether each sample has the following 5 morphological characteristics: cloud-like cytoplasm and large secretory vesicles, red villi at the edge of cancer cells, red villi spreading and distributed, villi side length accounting for 1 / 3 to 1 / 5, and cell nucleus located on the opposite side of the villi. The reporting module is used to summarize the inspection results and generate a final report.

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