Method for rapidly identifying collection mineral specimens

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapidly identifying a library collection mineral specimen, and relates to the technical field of mineral identification, and the method comprises the following steps: taking out small samples; grinding the sample into powder in an agate mortar; the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a sample with microcrystalline cellulose, placing the mixture in a forming mechanism of sample pressing equipment, pressing the mixture by a hydraulic system, and paving a layer of high-ductility plastic film on the microcrystalline cellulose before sample pressing; establishing a database of mineral elements; putting the microcrystalline cellulose pressed cake of the mixed sample into XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) for testing; according to the method, the X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer is utilized and is assisted by the polarizing microscope for identification, the reliability of the identification result is improved, and a layer of plastic film with good ductility is laid above microcrystalline cellulose before sample pressing, so that pollutants on a pressed cake are prevented from being pressed into the microcrystalline cellulose in the sample pressing process, and the quality of the sample is improved. And the matched sample pressing equipment improves the accuracy of an identification data result and reduces the cleaning difficulty.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral identification technology, specifically a method for rapidly identifying mineral specimens in a museum collection. Background Technology

[0002] With societal development, museum-quality and collectible mineral crystals and specimens are becoming increasingly popular within a limited scope. Mineral specimens have multiple uses: in scientific research, they serve as physical samples for geological studies, helping scientists analyze mineral composition, structure, and formation conditions; in education, they are used for intuitive teaching, allowing students to understand mineral characteristics and geological knowledge; in the collecting world, they are sought-after collectibles due to their aesthetic value and rarity; in industry, specimen analysis guides mineral exploration and resource development; furthermore, they are widely used in museum exhibitions, jewelry appraisal references, and other fields, possessing both scientific and aesthetic value.

[0003] The National Geological Museum of China and various local geological museums have also acquired a large number of collectible mineral specimens in recent years. In the process of trading, collecting, and preserving mineral specimens, the authenticity of the specimens is mainly determined by visual inspection and human experience. However, the subjective factors involved in human experience-based judgment are too significant, making accurate mineral identification difficult. Furthermore, current techniques for identifying museum-collected mineral specimens often include various pretreatment processes, including sample pressing. However, the conventional sample pressing process is cumbersome, prone to residue adhesion, difficult to clean, and the discharge process can easily damage the sample. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a rapid method for identifying mineral specimens in museum collections, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background section. The present invention utilizes an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, supplemented by a polarizing microscope, to improve the reliability of the identification results. Furthermore, before pressing the sample, a layer of highly elastic plastic film is laid on top of the microcrystalline cellulose to prevent contaminants on the pressed cake from being pressed into the microcrystalline cellulose during the pressing process. The pressing equipment used in conjunction with this method can effectively improve the accuracy of the identification data and reduce the difficulty of cleaning.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for rapid identification of mineral specimens in a museum collection, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Take a small sample from a collection of mineral specimens or mineral crystal clusters, wherein the sample weighs less than 2g;

[0007] S2. Place the sample in an agate mortar and gently crush it to grind it into powder.

[0008] S3. The sample is mixed with microcrystalline cellulose and placed into the forming mechanism of the pressing equipment. It is then pressed by the hydraulic system. Before pressing, a layer of highly elastic plastic film is laid on top of the microcrystalline cellulose and the film is placed on the bottom of the pressing mechanism. After pressing, the inside of the forming mechanism is cleaned by airflow suction.

[0009] S4. Collect the reference materials for mineral elements, create standard curves, and establish a database of mineral elements.

[0010] S5. Place the microcrystalline cellulose cake of the mixed sample into XRF for testing, and further confirm the characteristic X-ray fluorescence intensity and content of the elements according to the name of the mineral specimen;

[0011] S6. Use the XRF's built-in data processing software to directly search for signals of the corresponding element: if not, determine that the mineral is not the indicated name; if the signal intensity is relatively high, calculate the mineral's content data and output the identification conclusion.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, when the sample is ground to about 20 mesh, 0.1g of the sample is taken out for identification using a polarizing microscope, and the remaining sample is ground to about 200 mesh.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes an identification process aided by polarizing microscopy, as follows:

[0014] The chemical composition of the mineral specimen to be tested is determined by its scientific name. Then, the mineral fragments are observed under a microscope. A small piece of mineral fragment is placed on a glass slide, and a drop of glycerin is placed on the mineral fragment using a dropper. Then, the mineral is crushed on another glass slide. The two glass slides are placed together and placed under a polarizing microscope to collect characteristic information, including axiality, color, morphology, cleavage, and interference colors.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the entire support mechanism is first moved to a position that fits against the pressing table by controlling the motor. The mixed powder of sample and microcrystalline cellulose is placed inside the pressing groove. Then, a plastic film is placed on the bottom of the pressing mechanism, and a magnetic ring is placed on the edge of the plastic film. The edge of the plastic film is pressed against the bottom of the support ring. The hydraulic system at the top is activated to apply downward pressure to the entire molding mechanism.

[0016] Furthermore, after the hydraulic rod extends, it applies downward pressure to the hydraulic head and presses it against the top of the pressure-bearing column. The pressure is then transmitted to the insertion post at the bottom through the pressure-bearing column, and the insertion post is embedded into the pressing groove at the bottom to apply pressure to the powder sample until it forms a cake shape.

[0017] Furthermore, after the pressing is completed, the hydraulic rod at the top is moved upward, and the pressing mechanism at the bottom is pushed upward by the spring rod to pull the plug-in column out from the inside of the pressing groove. At the same time, the motor is started, which drives the lead screw to rotate. The lead screw controls the second threaded sleeve to pull the entire forming plate to move horizontally. Simultaneously, the first threaded sleeve pulls the transmission rod to move horizontally. The bottom end of the transmission rod is inserted into the inside of the transmission sleeve, thereby pulling the entire support mechanism to move.

[0018] Furthermore, the support plate at one end of the support mechanism is always in contact with the surface of the pressing table. After the support plate moves along the inclined area of ​​the pressing table, the entire support mechanism moves downward. At this time, it is supported and restricted by the lead screw, and the guide rod passes through the side of the forming plate, so that the entire forming plate always maintains a horizontal movement and does not perform lifting or lowering movements. This ensures that the bottom of the forming plate is separated from the surface of the support plate. The sample cake inside the pressing groove slides down from the bottom of the pressing groove and is always placed in the fixed area on the surface of the support plate until the sample cake is completely removed from the inside of the pressing groove and then taken out for testing.

[0019] Furthermore, the motor controls the support mechanism, the forming mechanism, and the forming mechanism to move synchronously, while the hydraulic system remains fixed. The side of the hydraulic system is always connected to the top of the pressing mechanism via the extension rod. In the pressing mechanism, the gear at the top meshes with the rack on the inner side of the extension rod. During the translation of the pressing mechanism, the gear rotation drives the bottom insertion post to rotate synchronously, and at the same time, the top hydraulic rod is activated. Through the further extension of the hydraulic rod, the hydraulic rod and the extension rod are driven to gradually move downward, controlling the entire pressing mechanism to move slowly downward, and connecting the air extraction pipe at the top of the pressing mechanism to the external air extraction equipment.

[0020] Furthermore, after removing the sample cake, the magnetic ring at the bottom is removed simultaneously, and the remaining plastic film is removed. Then, the external air extraction device is activated, and air is extracted through the air extraction hole at the bottom. After the plastic film is removed, the plug is re-inserted into the pressing groove. The air extraction hole can directly extract the residue adhering to the inner wall of the pressing groove and discharge it outward along the air extraction pipe at the top.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S6, when the signal intensity of the corresponding element in the mineral sample to be tested is high, the qualitative analysis result is calculated using the following formula:

[0022] W i % = K i ×I 相对 ×M 实际 / 0.1

[0023] Among them: W i The content of elements;

[0024] K iThe slope for measuring the standard substance;

[0025] I 相对 The relative intensity is Imeasured / Itheoretical, obtained from instrumental measurements.

[0026] M 实际 This refers to the actual weight of the sample.

[0027] 0.1 represents the theoretical sample weight.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] 1. This rapid identification method for museum mineral specimens utilizes X-ray fluorescence spectrometry supplemented by polarized light microscopy, which improves the reliability of the identification results. Furthermore, before pressing the sample, a layer of highly elastic plastic film is laid on top of the microcrystalline cellulose to prevent contaminants on the pressed cake from being pressed into the microcrystalline cellulose during the pressing process, thereby improving the accuracy of the identification data.

[0030] 2. The rapid identification method for museum mineral specimens uses a cylinder pressing device to press the sample powder. After pressing, the top and bottom of the pressing groove can be opened simultaneously by starting the motor. With the help of the bottom support mechanism and descent, the microcrystalline cellulose cake of the mixed sample can be removed from the inside of the forming plate while maintaining support, thus reducing the probability of the cake breaking.

[0031] 3. This rapid identification method for museum mineral specimens, after the preparation of the microcrystalline cellulose cake of the mixed sample, simultaneously uses a hydraulic system and a pressing mechanism to directly suction out any residue that may adhere to the inner wall of the pressing groove, eliminating cleaning dead zones and further reducing interference to subsequent measurements. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for rapidly identifying mineral specimens in a museum collection according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the sample pressing device of the present invention during operation;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sample pressing stage of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the hydraulic system and the pressing mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the hydraulic system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a split view of the end of the pressing mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the Si elemental analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the Ti elemental analysis curves obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a graph of the V element analysis obtained in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a graph of W elemental analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the Zn elemental analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a graph showing the Ag elemental analysis curves obtained in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 This is a graph showing the Al elemental analysis curves obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 15 This is a graph showing the As elemental analysis curves obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 16 This is a graph showing the Ba elemental analysis curve obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 17 This is a graph showing the Ca elemental analysis curves obtained in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 18 This is a graph showing the Cl elemental analysis results obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 19 This is a graph showing the Cu elemental analysis curves obtained in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 20 This is a graph of the F element analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 21 This is a graph showing the Fe elemental analysis curve obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 22 This is a graph of the K element analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 23This is a graph showing the Mg elemental analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 24 This is a graph showing the Mn elemental analysis curves obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 25 This is a graph showing the Na elemental analysis curve obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 26 This is a graph of the P element analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 27 This is a graph showing the Pb elemental analysis curves obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 28 This is a graph of the S element analysis obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 29 This is a graph showing the Sb elemental analysis curves obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] In the diagram: 1. Pressing platform; 2. End plate; 3. Top plate; 4. Support mechanism; 5. Forming mechanism; 6. Hydraulic system; 7. Pressing mechanism; 8. Support plate; 9. Inclined plate; 10. Transmission sleeve; 11. Motor; 12. Lead screw; 13. First threaded sleeve; 14. Transmission rod; 15. Second threaded sleeve; 16. Forming plate; 17. Pressing groove; 18. Spring rod; 19. Hydraulic rod; 20. Hydraulic head; 21. Extension rod; 22. Gap; 23. Rack; 24. Pressure-bearing column; 25. Gear; 26. Air extraction pipe; 27. Support ring; 28. Extension plate; 29. ​​Insertion column; 30. Air extraction hole; 31. Magnetic ring; 32. Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0063] Please see Figures 1 to 29 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for rapid identification of mineral specimens in a museum collection, comprising the following steps:

[0064] S1. Take a small sample from a collection of mineral specimens or mineral crystal clusters, wherein the sample weighs less than 2g;

[0065] S2. Place the sample in an agate mortar and gently crush it to grind it into powder.

[0066] S3. The sample is mixed with microcrystalline cellulose and placed into the forming mechanism of the pressing equipment. It is then pressed by the hydraulic system. Before pressing, a layer of highly elastic plastic film is laid on top of the microcrystalline cellulose and the film is placed on the bottom of the pressing mechanism. After pressing, the inside of the forming mechanism is cleaned by airflow suction.

[0067] S4. Collect the reference materials for mineral elements, create standard curves, and establish a database of mineral elements.

[0068] S5. Place the microcrystalline cellulose cake of the mixed sample into XRF for testing, and further confirm the characteristic X-ray fluorescence intensity and content of the elements according to the name of the mineral specimen;

[0069] S6. Use the XRF's built-in data processing software to directly search for signals of the corresponding element: if not, determine that the mineral is not the indicated name; if the signal intensity is relatively high, calculate the mineral's content data and output the identification conclusion.

[0070] This embodiment also provides the following specific procedure for preparing the sample cake in the above identification method:

[0071] The preparation process utilizes a sample pressing device. This device includes a sample pressing table, a support mechanism, a forming mechanism, a hydraulic system, and a pressing mechanism. A top plate is welded to the top of the sample pressing table, and the support mechanism is mounted on its surface. An end plate is screwed to one end of the sample pressing table, and a motor is screwed to the surface of the end plate. A lead screw is inserted into the output end of the motor, and the surface of the lead screw is connected to both the support mechanism and the forming mechanism. A hydraulic system is built at the bottom of the top plate, and the forming mechanism and the pressing mechanism are mounted at the bottom of the hydraulic system, with the pressing mechanism aligned with the forming mechanism.

[0072] First, the entire support mechanism is moved to a position that fits against the pressing platform by controlling the motor. The mixed powder of sample and microcrystalline cellulose is placed inside the pressing groove. Then, a plastic film is placed on the bottom of the pressing mechanism, and a magnetic ring is placed on the edge of the plastic film. The edge of the plastic film is pressed against the bottom of the support ring. The hydraulic system at the top is activated to apply downward pressure to the entire molding mechanism.

[0073] This embodiment uses a support mechanism, which includes a support plate, an inclined plate, and a transmission sleeve. A first threaded sleeve is fitted on the surface of the lead screw, and a transmission rod is integrally formed at the bottom end of the first threaded sleeve. The bottom end of the transmission rod is inserted into the interior of the transmission sleeve.

[0074] After the hydraulic rod extends, it applies downward pressure to the hydraulic head and presses it against the top of the pressure-bearing column. The pressure is then transmitted to the insertion post at the bottom through the pressure-bearing column, and the insertion post is embedded into the pressing groove at the bottom to apply pressure to the powder sample until it forms a cake shape.

[0075] In this embodiment, after the pressing is completed, the hydraulic rod at the top is moved upward, and the pressing mechanism at the bottom is pushed upward by the spring rod to pull the plug-in column out from the inside of the pressing groove. At the same time, the motor is started, which drives the lead screw to rotate. The lead screw controls the second threaded sleeve to pull the entire molding plate to move horizontally. Simultaneously, the first threaded sleeve pulls the transmission rod to move horizontally. The bottom end of the transmission rod is inserted into the inside of the transmission sleeve, thereby pulling the entire support mechanism to move.

[0076] This embodiment uses a molding mechanism, which includes a molding plate, a pressing groove, and a spring rod. The molding plate has a pressing groove in the middle, and a spring rod is welded to the top of the molding plate. A second threaded sleeve is integrally formed on the side of the molding plate. The second threaded sleeve is also sleeved on the lead screw. A guide rod is inserted into the side of the molding plate, and one end of the guide rod is welded to the frame on the side of the pressing table.

[0077] The support plate at one end of the support mechanism is always in contact with the surface of the pressing table. After the support plate moves along the inclined area of ​​the pressing table, the entire support mechanism moves downward. At this time, it is supported and restricted by the lead screw, and the guide rod passes through the side of the forming plate, so that the entire forming plate always remains in a horizontal moving state and does not move up or down. This ensures that the bottom of the forming plate is separated from the surface of the support plate. The sample cake inside the pressing groove slides down from the bottom of the pressing groove and is always placed in the fixed area on the surface of the support plate until the sample cake is completely removed from the inside of the pressing groove and then taken out for testing.

[0078] This embodiment uses a pressing mechanism, which includes a pressure-bearing column, a support ring, and a plug-in column. The support ring is integrally formed on the outer bottom of the pressure-bearing column, and an extension plate is integrally formed on the side of the support ring. A spring rod passes through a hole opened on the surface of the extension plate. A plug-in column is inserted into the bottom of the pressure-bearing column. An air extraction hole is opened on the side of the plug-in column. An air extraction pipe is connected to the top of the plug-in column, and the top of the plug-in column is connected to the air extraction pipe through a hollow pipe. A gear is installed at the top of the pressure-bearing column, and the gear is fixedly connected to the hollow tube part at the top of the plug-in column.

[0079] The motor controls the support mechanism, forming mechanism, and the forming mechanism to move synchronously, while the hydraulic system remains fixed. The side of the hydraulic system is always connected to the top of the pressing mechanism through the extension rod. In the pressing mechanism, the gear at the top meshes with the rack on the inner side of the extension rod. During the translation of the pressing mechanism, the rotation of the gear drives the bottom insertion post to rotate synchronously, and at the same time, the top hydraulic rod is activated. Through the further extension of the hydraulic rod, the hydraulic rod and the extension rod are driven to gradually move downward, controlling the entire pressing mechanism to move slowly downward, and connecting the air extraction pipe at the top of the pressing mechanism to the external air extraction equipment.

[0080] This embodiment uses a hydraulic rod system, which includes a hydraulic rod, a hydraulic head, and an extension rod. The hydraulic rod is screwed to the bottom of the top plate, and the hydraulic head is screwed to the bottom end of the hydraulic rod. An extension rod is integrally formed on one side of the bottom of the hydraulic head. A gap is opened on the inner side of the extension rod, and a rack is integrally formed on the inner wall of the extension rod. The rack is used to mesh with a gear. The inner side of the hydraulic head is a hollow structure, and the air extraction pipe extends upward from the hollow structure inside the hydraulic head and the inside of the gap.

[0081] After removing the sample cake, simultaneously remove the magnetic ring at the bottom and remove the remaining plastic film. Then, start the external air extraction device and extract air through the air extraction hole at the bottom. After removing the plastic film, the plug is re-inserted into the pressing groove. The air extraction hole can directly extract the residue adhering to the inner wall of the pressing groove and discharge it outward along the air extraction pipe at the top.

[0082] This embodiment also provides crystal minerals as samples to further illustrate the above method in detail. The specific process is as follows:

[0083] 1. In order to accurately and quickly identify the mineral specimens in the collection, first take a small piece of crystal mineral weighing 2g from the large mineral specimen or mineral cluster. The small piece usually does not affect the aesthetics of the specimen.

[0084] 2. Place the sample in an agate mortar and pestle, gently crush and grind it into powder. Take out about 0.1g of the powder when it reaches a mesh size of about 20 for auxiliary identification under a polarizing microscope. Grind the remaining sample to a mesh size of about 200.

[0085] 3. Mix a certain amount (0.1-1g) of 200-mesh crystal mineral sample with a quantitative amount (generally 3g) of microcrystalline cellulose, and press the mixture onto a sample press. To prevent contamination of the microcrystalline cellulose, lay a layer of highly elastic plastic film on top of the microcrystalline cellulose before pressing to prevent contaminants on the pressed cake from being pressed into the microcrystalline cellulose during the pressing process.

[0086] 4. Establishment of testing methods: Commonly collected mineral specimens mainly consist of silicates, oxides, and sulfides. The chemical components involved in these minerals mainly include Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, S, P, Mn, Ti, Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, Ag, Sb, W, Ba, V, As, F, and Cl. All samples use commercially available chemical reference materials or standard materials, as well as commercially available high-purity chemical samples. For metals, commercially available high-purity oxides are generally used to establish standard curves. Hereinafter, the term "standard material" will be used uniformly.

[0087] Standard curves typically use two points or multiple points for a single element. That is, the standard curve for each element uses two points: 0 and the concentration of the standard substance. The theoretical intensity (kcps, provided by the instrument) at 100% concentration of that element is used as the x-axis, and the measured fluorescence intensity (kcps) is used as the y-axis. The slope is then calculated as K. i In this embodiment, standard curves involving some common museum mineral specimens are also provided. Figures 8 to 29 As shown), and the curve library provided by this invention is still under construction, while the measured slope K of each element... i See Table 1.

[0088] Table 1. K of the measured slope of each element i

[0089] Si Sm Sn Sr Ta Te Ti Tl U V 9.45044 0.749868 2.33546 3.38527 0.652012 2.44466 2.45293 1.76589 1.82262 1.36149 W Y Yb Zn Zr Ag Al As Ba Bi 0.545621 3.42884 0.659090 2.24078 3.35929 2.95772 14.8287 3.95507 2.22979 1.73667 Br Ca Cd Ce Cl Co Cr Cs Cu F 2.95025 3.37536 2.87490 1.67289 3.49592 0.916409 1.11687 2.35849 0.878792 21.5311 Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg I In K La Mg 0.874490 2.52212 2.53173 0.631432 1.78480 2.09586 2.68712 4.50704 1.61111 40.3068 Mn Mo Na Nb Nd Ni P Pb Pd Pr 0.949102 3.50150 30.3440 5.24106 0.886301 0.812312 11.3223 1.74187 5.31877 0.956956 Pt Rb S Sb Se 1.78206 3.38474 7.01052 2.23084 2.78982

[0090] Weigh 0.1g of the standard substance and 3g of microcrystalline cellulose, and mix them thoroughly. Mix each standard substance separately with the microcrystalline cellulose thoroughly, and then press them into cakes using a sample press for testing.

[0091] According to common knowledge, the main component of crystal is SiO2. In this embodiment, 0.1g of SiO2 reference material was weighed and mixed into 3g of microcrystalline cellulose. After mixing evenly, the mixture was pressed into a cake. 3.1g of microcrystalline cellulose was weighed and pressed into a cake. The two were used to plot a standard curve of measured spectral intensity versus theoretical intensity. The cake without the reference material was taken as the 0 point of the curve, and the cake with the reference material was taken as the theoretical intensity at 100%. Ki was calculated to be 9.45044.

[0092] 5. Test:

[0093] The seller of the mineral specimens in the collection will provide their mineralogical or petrological names. First, determine their chemical composition based on their scientific names. Then, observe the pre-reserved mineral fragments under a microscope. Place a small piece of mineral fragment on a glass slide, add a drop of glycerin to the fragment using a dropper, then crush the mineral with another glass slide. Place the two slides together and place them under a polarizing microscope to collect information on axiality, color, morphology, cleavage, and interference color characteristics as an auxiliary identification method.

[0094] 6. Evaluation and Conclusion:

[0095] The microcrystalline cellulose cake of the mixed sample was placed in an XRF analyzer for testing. Here, the characteristic X-ray fluorescence intensity and content of elements were further confirmed based on the name of the mineral crystal. For example, if the sample was a quartz crystal, the XRF's built-in data processing software was used to directly search for the presence of a Si signal: if present but absent, or if the Si signal was low, the mineral could be directly determined not to be a quartz crystal; if the signal intensity was high, the relative intensity I of Si was measured using the instrument. 相对 , that is I 测量 / I 理论 The qualitative analysis results of Si are obtained by formula (1).

[0096] W i % = K i ×I 相对 ×M 实际 / 0.1 (1)

[0097] W i The content of the element;

[0098] K i The slope for measuring the standard substance;

[0099] I 相对 The relative intensity, i.e., I 测量 / I 理论 The measurements were obtained from the instrument.

[0100] M 样品 This refers to the actual weight of the sample.

[0101] 0.1 represents the theoretical sample weight.

[0102] Then, using the theoretical chemical formula of quartz, oxygen is added to Si to calculate the SiO2 content. If the calculated SiO2 content is close to the theoretical SiO2 content of quartz, and combined with the aforementioned characteristics under a polarizing microscope, an identification conclusion can be given.

[0103] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and its advantages. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention.

[0104] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for rapid identification of mineral specimens in a museum collection, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Take a small sample from a collection of mineral specimens or mineral crystal clusters, wherein the sample weighs less than 2g; S2. Place the sample in an agate mortar and gently crush it to grind it into powder. S3. The sample is mixed with microcrystalline cellulose and placed into the forming mechanism of the pressing equipment. It is then pressed by the hydraulic system. Before pressing, a layer of highly elastic plastic film is laid on top of the microcrystalline cellulose and the film is placed on the bottom of the pressing mechanism. After pressing, the inside of the forming mechanism is cleaned by airflow suction. S4. Collect the reference materials for mineral elements, create standard curves, and establish a database of mineral elements. S5. Place the microcrystalline cellulose cake of the mixed sample into XRF for testing, and further confirm the characteristic X-ray fluorescence intensity and content of the elements according to the name of the mineral specimen; S6. Use the XRF's built-in data processing software to directly search for signals of the corresponding element: if not, determine that the mineral is not the indicated name; if the signal intensity is relatively high, calculate the mineral's content data and output the identification conclusion.

2. The method for rapid identification of museum mineral specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when the sample is ground to about 20 mesh, take out 0.1g of the sample for identification with a polarizing microscope, and grind the remaining sample to about 200 mesh.

3. The method for rapid identification of museum mineral specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the identification process aided by polarizing microscopy, as follows: The chemical composition of the mineral specimen to be tested is determined by its scientific name. Then, the mineral fragments are observed under a microscope. A small piece of mineral fragment is placed on a glass slide, and a drop of glycerin is placed on the mineral fragment using a dropper. Then, the mineral is crushed on another glass slide. The two glass slides are placed together and placed under a polarizing microscope to collect characteristic information, including axiality, color, morphology, cleavage, and interference colors.

4. The method for rapid identification of museum mineral specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the entire support mechanism is first moved to a position that fits against the pressing platform by controlling the motor. The mixed powder of sample and microcrystalline cellulose is placed inside the pressing groove. Then, a plastic film is placed on the bottom of the pressing mechanism, and a magnetic ring is placed on the edge of the plastic film. The edge of the plastic film is pressed against the bottom of the support ring. The hydraulic system at the top is activated to apply downward pressure to the entire molding mechanism.

5. The method for rapid identification of mineral specimens in a museum collection according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the hydraulic rod extends, it applies downward pressure to the hydraulic head and presses it against the top of the pressure-bearing column. The pressure is then transmitted to the insertion post at the bottom through the pressure-bearing column, and the insertion post is embedded into the pressing groove at the bottom to apply pressure to the powder sample until it forms a cake shape.

6. The method for rapid identification of museum mineral specimens according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the pressing is completed, the hydraulic rod at the top moves upward, and the pressing mechanism at the bottom pushes upward through the spring rod, pulling the plug-in column out from the inside of the pressing groove. At the same time, the motor is started, driving the lead screw to rotate. The lead screw controls the second threaded sleeve to pull the entire forming plate to move horizontally. Simultaneously, the first threaded sleeve pulls the transmission rod to move horizontally. The bottom end of the transmission rod is inserted into the inside of the transmission sleeve, thereby pulling the entire support mechanism to move.

7. The method for rapid identification of mineral specimens in a museum collection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support plate at one end of the support mechanism is always in contact with the surface of the pressing table. After the support plate moves along the inclined area of ​​the pressing table, the entire support mechanism moves downward. At this time, it is supported and restricted by the lead screw, and the guide rod passes through the side of the forming plate, so that the entire forming plate always remains in a horizontal moving state and does not move up or down. This ensures that the bottom of the forming plate is separated from the surface of the support plate. The sample cake inside the pressing groove slides down from the bottom of the pressing groove and is always placed in the fixed area on the surface of the support plate until the sample cake is completely removed from the inside of the pressing groove and then taken out for testing.

8. The method for rapid identification of mineral specimens in a museum collection according to claim 4, characterized in that: The motor controls the support mechanism, forming mechanism, and the forming mechanism to move synchronously, while the hydraulic system remains fixed. The side of the hydraulic system is always connected to the top of the pressing mechanism through the extension rod. In the pressing mechanism, the gear at the top meshes with the rack on the inner side of the extension rod. During the translation of the pressing mechanism, the rotation of the gear drives the bottom insertion post to rotate synchronously, and at the same time, the top hydraulic rod is activated. Through the further extension of the hydraulic rod, the hydraulic rod and the extension rod are driven to gradually move downward, controlling the entire pressing mechanism to move slowly downward, and connecting the air extraction pipe at the top of the pressing mechanism to the external air extraction equipment.

9. The method for rapid identification of museum mineral specimens according to claim 8, characterized in that: After removing the sample cake, simultaneously remove the magnetic ring at the bottom and remove the remaining plastic film. Then, start the external air extraction device and extract air through the air extraction hole at the bottom. After removing the plastic film, the plug is re-inserted into the pressing groove. The air extraction hole can directly extract the residue adhering to the inner wall of the pressing groove and discharge it outward along the air extraction pipe at the top.

10. The method for rapid identification of mineral specimens in a museum collection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, when the signal intensity of the corresponding element in the mineral sample to be tested is high, the qualitative analysis result is calculated using the following formula: W i %=K i ×I 相对 ×M 实际 / 0.1; Among them: W i The content of elements; K i The slope for measuring the standard substance; I 相对 The relative intensity is Imeasured / Itheoretical, obtained from instrumental measurements. M 实际 This refers to the actual weight of the sample. 0.1 represents the theoretical sample weight.

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