Power headroom reporting for multiple generic subscriber identity modules

Abstract

A method is presented. The method is implemented by a wireless device comprising at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules, USIMs, and at least two Uplink Transmitters, UL Tx, and configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network, PLMN, and a second PLMN. The method includes transmitting first data to a first PLMN using a first USIM and at least two UL Tx, and transmitting a first Power Headroom Report (PHR) to the first PLMN, where the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for the wireless device for uplink transmission. The method further includes transmitting second data to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the second USIM, and transmitting a second PHR to the first PLMN, where the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for the wireless device for uplink transmission. The configured second maximum output power for the uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for the uplink transmission. A method implemented by a network node, a network node and a UE are also provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically, to power margin reporting for multiple USIMs and multiple universal subscriber identity modules. Background Technology

[0002] Multi-Universal Subscriber Identity (MUSIM) wireless communication devices can hold two SIM cards, meaning the device can handle two different network services. MUSIM has been commercially available for over a decade. It has been widely adopted by leading global handset manufacturers, sometimes with local market adjustments. For example, the Apple iPhone 12 supports MUSIM with two physical SIM cards in China, while in all other regions it supports one physical SIM card and one eSIM.

[0003] Furthermore, the UE has a total maximum output transmission power, which is reported as one of the UE's capabilities. Therefore, the base station may find it difficult to schedule data transmission appropriately, especially in terms of power management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Some embodiments advantageously provide methods, systems, and apparatus for PHR of MUSIM.

[0005] In one embodiment, a network node is provided. The network node is configured to operate in a first public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN) including wireless devices, wherein the wireless devices include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Tx), and are configured to communicate with a first PLMN and a second PLMN. The network node includes a radio interface 82 and processing circuitry 84 configured to receive first data from the wireless devices, wherein the first data is transmitted from the wireless devices using the first USIM and at least two UL Tx, and is configured to receive a first power headroom report (PHR) from the wireless devices, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. Furthermore, the radio interface 82 and processing circuitry 84 are configured to receive a second PHR from the wireless devices, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0006] In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method is implemented in a network node operating in a first public mobile network (PLMN) including wireless devices, wherein the wireless devices include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Txes), and are configured to communicate with a first PLMN and a second PLMN. The method includes receiving first data from the wireless devices, wherein the first data is transmitted from the wireless devices using the first USIM and at least two UL Txes, and receiving a first power headroom report (PHR) from the wireless devices, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. Furthermore, the method includes receiving a second PHR from the wireless devices, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0007] In another embodiment, the first PHR report is based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR is based on the transmission of the second data, wherein the second data is transmitted from the wireless device to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the second USIM.

[0008] In one embodiment, a wireless device is provided. The wireless device is configured to include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two Uplink Transmitters (UL Txes), and is configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN. The wireless device includes a radio interface and processing circuitry configured to transmit first data to the first PLMN using the first USIM and at least two UL Txes, and to transmit a first Power Headroom Report (PHR) to the first PLMN, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The radio interface and processing circuitry are configured, and further configured, to transmit second data to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Txes and the second USIM, and to transmit a second PHR to the first PLMN, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0009] In one embodiment, another method is provided. This method is implemented by a wireless device including at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Txes), and is configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN. The method includes transmitting first data to the first PLMN using the first USIM and at least two UL Txes, and transmitting a first Power Headroom Report (PHR) to the first PLMN (S142), wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The method also includes transmitting second data to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Txes and the second USIM, and transmitting a second PHR to the first PLMN, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0010] In another embodiment, the first PHR report is based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR is based on the transmission of the second data.

[0011] In other embodiments, the second PHR is reduced compared to the first PHR.

[0012] In another embodiment, the first PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, and the second PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, wherein the PCMAX value included in the second PHR is PCMAX_C_00.

[0013] In one embodiment, a network node is provided. The network node is configured to operate in a first public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN) including wireless devices, wherein the wireless devices include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Txes), and are configured to communicate with a first PLMN and a second PLMN. The network node includes a radio interface 82 and processing circuitry 84 configured to receive first data from the wireless devices, wherein the first data is transmitted from the wireless devices using one of the at least two UL Txes and a first USIM, and is configured to receive a first power headroom report (PHR) from the wireless devices, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. Furthermore, the radio interface 82 and processing circuitry 84 are configured to receive a second PHR from the wireless devices, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is increased compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0014] In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method is implemented in a network node operating in a first public mobile network (PLMN) including wireless devices, wherein the wireless devices include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Txes), and are configured to communicate with a first PLMN and a second PLMN. The method includes receiving first data from the wireless devices, wherein the first data is transmitted from the wireless devices using one of the at least two UL Txes and a first USIM, and receiving a first power headroom report (PHR) from the wireless devices, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. Furthermore, the method includes receiving a second PHR from the wireless devices, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless devices. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is increased compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0015] In another embodiment, the first PHR report is based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR is based on the transmission of the second data, wherein the second data is transmitted from the wireless device to the second PLMN using the second USIM and the at least two UL Tx.

[0016] In one embodiment, a wireless device is provided. The wireless device is configured to include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two Uplink Transmitters (UL Txes), and is configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN. The wireless device includes a radio interface and processing circuitry configured to transmit first data to the first PLMN using one of the at least two UL Txes and a first USIM, and to transmit a first Power Headroom Report (PHR) to the first PLMN, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The radio interface and processing circuitry are configured, and further configured, to transmit second data to the second PLMN using a second USIM and at least two UL Txes, and to transmit a second PHR to the first PLMN, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is increased compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0017] In one embodiment, another method is provided. This method is implemented by a wireless device including at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Txes), and is configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN. The method includes transmitting first data to the first PLMN using one of the at least two UL Txes and a first USIM, and transmitting a first Power Headroom Report (PHR) to the first PLMN (S142), wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The method also includes transmitting second data to the second PLMN using a second USIM and at least two UL Txes, and transmitting a second PHR to the first PLMN, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission by the wireless device. The configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is increased compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

[0018] In current solutions, there is no coordination regarding UE output transmission power for communication with the first and second PLMNs. For example, there may not be enough power for the UE to send HARQ-ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request-Acknowledge / No Acknowledgement) feedback to one of the PLMNs. The base station may interpret this as a temporary power outage for the UE. The embodiments disclosed herein provide a UE implementation that improves power headroom reporting when the MUSIM is used by a UE with multiple Tx. For example, during Dual SIM Dual Activity (DSDA), the base station can avoid many discontinuous transmission (DTX) detections and retransmissions. Uplink scheduling can switch quickly between single-carrier and multi-carrier modes and will not require RRC reconfiguration. Attached Figure Description

[0019] A more comprehensive understanding of this embodiment and its accompanying advantages and features will be more readily understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and by referring to the following detailed description, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an example network architecture, illustrating a communication system connected to a host computer via an intermediate network according to the principles of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a host computer communicating with a wireless device via a network node through at least a partial wireless connection, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an example method for executing a client application at a wireless device, implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a network node, and a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4This is a flowchart illustrating an example method for receiving user data at a wireless device, implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a network node, and a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an example method for receiving user data from a wireless device at a host computer, implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a network node, and a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating an example method for receiving user data at a host computer, implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a network node, and a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 7 This is a flowchart of an example process in a network node according to some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 8 This is a flow chart of an example process in a wireless device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 9 The illustration shows single-carrier operation for a first PLMN according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 10 The illustration shows a CA / DC with multi-carrier operation for a first PLMN according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 11 ab shows a multi-entry PHR MAC CE where the highest ServCellIndex of the serving cell with the configured uplink is less than 8 (a) and equal to or greater than 8 (b). Detailed Implementation

[0020] For MUSIM, the UE does not report a Coordinated Power Headroom (PHR) for each USIM. Therefore, one or more embodiments described herein improve the PHR for a UE with at least two transceivers (dual Rx / dual Tx) and MUSIM communicating with a first Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). When the UE is using one of its Txes for another PLMN, the maximum output power available for transmission to the first PLMN is reduced, and consequently, the PHR transmitted to the first PLMN is reduced. The UE then informs the base station of the reduced output transmission available to the UE. The base station can thus schedule UE transmissions based on the available power and avoid transmission interruptions such as discontinuous transmission (DTX), and reduce the need for retransmissions.

[0021] The embodiments disclosed herein are for PLMNs. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments are also applicable to other types of networks, such as non-public networks (NPNs).

[0022] Some embodiments disclosed herein are for UEs with two transceivers (dual Rx / dual Tx). However, these embodiments are also applicable to UEs with more than two transceivers. Similarly, some embodiments disclosed herein are for UEs using or configured for CA. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to CA, but are also applicable to UEs using or configured for dual connectivity (DC).

[0023] In some embodiments, transmitting to or receiving from a PLMN includes transmitting to or receiving from a network node operating the PLMN. This may include transmitting or receiving data and / or PHR.

[0024] Before describing the exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be noted that the embodiments primarily exist in combinations of device components and processing steps related to PHR reporting. Therefore, in the accompanying drawings, components have been indicated with conventional symbols where appropriate, and only those specific details relevant to understanding the embodiments are shown so as not to obscure this disclosure with details that would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art who benefit from the description herein. Similar figures throughout the specification refer to similar elements.

[0025] As used herein, terms such as “first” and “second,” “top” and “bottom” are used only to distinguish one entity or element from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any physical or logical relationship or order between such entities or elements. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the concepts described herein. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” used herein are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and / or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0026] In the embodiments described herein, the conjunction terms "communicating with" and the like can be used to indicate electrical or data communication, which can be achieved, for example, through physical contact, induction, electromagnetic radiation, radio signaling, infrared signaling, or optical signaling. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that multiple components can interoperate, and that modifications and variations in electrical and data communication are possible.

[0027] In some embodiments described herein, the terms “coupled,” “connected,” etc., may be used herein to indicate a connection, although not necessarily a direct one, and may include wired and / or wireless connections.

[0028] As used herein, the term "network node" can refer to any type of network node included in a radio network, and may also include base stations (BS), radio base stations, base transceiver stations (BTS), base station controllers (BSC), radio network controllers (RNC), gNodeBs (gNBs), evolved Node Bs (eNBs or eNodeBs), Node Bs, multi-standard radio (MSR) radio nodes such as MSR BSs, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs), integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, relay nodes, donor nodes of control relays, radio access points (APs), transmission points, transmission nodes, remote radio units (RRUs), remote radio heads (RRHs), core network nodes (e.g., mobility management entities (MMEs), ad hoc network (SON) nodes, coordination nodes, location nodes, MDT nodes, etc.), external nodes (e.g., third-party nodes, nodes outside the current network), nodes in distributed antenna systems (DASs), spectrum access systems (SAS) nodes, element management systems (EMSs), etc. Network nodes may also include test equipment. The term “radio node” as used in this article can also be used to refer to a wireless device (WD), such as a wireless device (WD) or a radio network node.

[0029] In some embodiments, the non-limiting terms wireless device (WD) and user equipment (UE) are used interchangeably. WD as used herein can be any type of wireless device, such as a wireless device (WD), capable of communicating with a network node or another WD via radio signals. A WD can also be a radio communication device, a target device, a device-to-device (D2D) WD, a machine-type WD or a WD capable of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, a low-cost and / or low-complexity WD, a sensor equipped with a WD, a tablet, a mobile terminal, a smartphone, a laptop embedded device (LEE), a laptop mounted device (LME), a USB dongle, a client device (CPE), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or a narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) device, etc.

[0030] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the generic term "radio network node" is used. It can be any kind of radio network node, which may include any of the following: base station, radio base station, base transceiver station, base station controller, network controller, RNC, evolved Node B (eNB), Node B, gNB, multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE), IAB node, relay node, access point, radio access point, remote radio unit (RRU), remote radio headend (RRH), etc.

[0031] It should be noted that although technical terms from a particular wireless system, such as 3GPP LTE and / or New Radio (NR), may be used in this disclosure, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure to the systems mentioned above. Other wireless systems, including but not limited to Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Microwave Access Global Interoperability (WiMax), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), may also benefit from utilizing the ideas covered in this disclosure.

[0032] It should be noted further that the functions performed by wireless devices or network nodes as described herein can be distributed across multiple wireless devices and / or network nodes. In other words, it is conceivable that the functions of the network nodes and wireless devices described herein are not limited to being performed by a single physical device, and in fact, can be distributed among several physical devices.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that the terms used herein shall be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the context of this specification and the relevant field, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0034] The embodiment provides a power headroom report for a UE configured to communicate with a first PLMN and a second PLMN using MUSIM. Referring now to the accompanying drawings, similar elements are designated by similar reference numerals. Figure 1The diagram illustrates a communication system 10 according to an embodiment, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network supporting standards such as LTE and / or NR (5G), comprising an access network 12 (such as a radio access network) and a core network 14. The access network 12 includes multiple network nodes 16a, 16b, 16c (collectively referred to as network nodes 16), such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs, or other types of radio access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area 18a, 18b, 18c (collectively referred to as coverage area 18). Each network node 16a, 16b, 16c can be connected to the core network 14 via a wired or wireless connection 20. A first radio device (WD) 22a located in coverage area 18a is configured to wirelessly connect to or be paged by the corresponding network node 16a. A second WD 22b in coverage area 18b can wirelessly connect to the corresponding network node 16b. Although multiple WDs 22a, 22b (collectively referred to as wireless devices 22) are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to situations where a single WD is located in the coverage area or a single WD is connected to the corresponding network node 16. It should be noted that although only two WDs 22 and three network nodes 16 are shown for convenience, the communication system may include many more WDs 22 and network nodes 16.

[0035] Furthermore, it is conceivable that WD 22 can communicate simultaneously and / or be configured to communicate individually with more than one network node 16 and more than one type of network node 16. For example, WD 22 can have dual connectivity with LTE-enabled network nodes 16 and the same or different NR-enabled network nodes 16. As an example, WD 22 can communicate with an eNB for LTE / E-UTRAN and a gNB for NR / NG-RAN.

[0036] The communication system 10 can connect to a host computer 24, which can be implemented using hardware and / or software of a standalone server, a cloud-based server, a distributed server, or as a processing resource in a server cluster. The host computer 24 can be owned or controlled by a service provider, or can be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 26, 28 between the communication system 10 and the host computer 24 can extend directly from the core network 14 to the host computer 24, or can extend via an optional intermediate network 30. The intermediate network 30 can be one or more of a public network, a private network, or a hosted network. The intermediate network 30, if present, can be a backbone network or the Internet. In some embodiments, the intermediate network 30 may include two or more subnets (not shown).

[0037] Figure 1The communication system as a whole enables connectivity between one of the connected WDs 22a and 22b and the host computer 24. This connectivity can be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection. The host computer 24 and the connected WDs 22a and 22b are configured to transmit data and / or signaling via the OTT connection using access network 12, core network 14, any intermediate network 30, and possibly additional infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. The OTT connection can be transparent in the sense that at least some of the participating communication devices traversed by the OTT connection are unaware of the routes of the uplink and downlink communications. For example, network node 16 may not be informed, or need not be informed, of the past routes of incoming downlink communications originating from host computer 24 that are to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to the connected WD 22a. Similarly, network node 16 does not need to know the future routes of outgoing uplink communications originating from WD 22a toward host computer 24.

[0038] Network node 16 is configured to include enhancement unit 32, which is configured to perform one or more network node 16 functions as described herein, such as PHR reporting to MUSIM. Wireless device 22 is configured to include operation unit 34, which is configured to perform one or more wireless device 22 functions as described herein, such as PHR reporting to MUSIM.

[0039] According to the embodiments, reference will now be made to Figure 2 This section describes an example implementation of the WD 22, network node 16, and host computer 24 discussed in the preceding paragraphs. In the communication system 10, the host computer 24 includes hardware (HW) 38, which includes a communication interface 40 configured to establish and maintain wired or wireless connections with different communication devices of the communication system 10. The host computer 24 also includes processing circuitry 42, which may have storage and / or processing capabilities. Processing circuitry 42 may include a processor 44 and memory 46. Specifically, in addition to or in lieu of a processor and memory such as a central processing unit, processing circuitry 42 may include integrated circuits for processing and / or control, such as one or more processors and / or processor cores adapted to execute instructions and / or FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) and / or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). Processor 44 may be configured to access (e.g., write and / or read) memory 46, which may include any kind of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, such as cache and / or buffer memory and / or RAM (random access memory) and / or ROM (read-only memory) and / or optical memory and / or EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory).

[0040] Processing circuitry 42 may be configured to control any of the methods and / or processes described herein, and / or cause such methods and / or processes to be executed, for example, by host computer 24. Processor 44 corresponds to one or more processors 44 for performing the functions of host computer 24 described herein. Host computer 24 includes memory 46 configured to store data, programming software code, and / or other information described herein. In some embodiments, software 48 and / or host application 50 may include instructions that, when executed by processor 44 and / or processing circuitry 42, cause processor 44 and / or processing circuitry 42 to perform the processes described herein concerning host computer 24. The instructions may be software associated with host computer 24.

[0041] Software 48 may be executable by processing circuitry 42. Software 48 includes a host application 50. Host application 50 may be operable to provide services to remote users, such as WD 22 connected via an OTT connection 52 terminated at WD 22 and host computer 24. In providing services to remote users, host application 50 may provide user data transmitted using OTT connection 52. “User data” may be data and information described herein as enabling the described functionality. In one embodiment, host computer 24 may be configured to provide control and functionality to a service provider and may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. Processing circuitry 42 of host computer 24 may enable host computer 24 to observe, monitor, control network nodes 16 and / or wireless devices 22, transmit to them and / or receive from them. Processing circuitry 42 of host computer 24 may include an information unit 54 configured to enable the service provider to process, store, transmit, receive, forward, relay, determine, configure, reconfigure, and otherwise relate to PHR reports for MUSIM described herein.

[0042] The communication system 10 also includes a network node 16 provided within the communication system 10, and includes hardware 58 that enables it to communicate with the host computer 24 and the WD 22. Hardware 58 may include a communication interface 60 for establishing and maintaining wired or wireless connections to different communication devices of the communication system 10, and a radio interface 62 for establishing and maintaining at least a wireless connection 64 with the WD 22 located within the coverage area 18 served by the network node 16. The radio interface 62 may be configured as or may include, for example, one or more RF transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and / or one or more RF transceivers. The communication interface 60 may be configured to facilitate a connection 66 to the host computer 24. The connection 66 may be direct, or it may pass through the core network 14 of the communication system 10, and / or through one or more intermediate networks 30 outside the communication system 10.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment, the hardware 58 of network node 16 also includes processing circuitry 68. Processing circuitry 68 may include processor 70 and memory 72. Specifically, in addition to or in lieu of processors and memory such as a central processing unit, processing circuitry 68 may include integrated circuits for processing and / or control, such as one or more processors and / or processor cores adapted to execute instructions and / or FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) and / or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). Processor 70 may be configured to access (e.g., write to and / or read from) memory 72, which may include any kind of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, such as cache and / or buffer memory and / or RAM (Random Access Memory) and / or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and / or optical memory and / or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).

[0044] Thus, network node 16 further includes software 74, which is internally stored, for example, in memory 72, or stored in external memory (e.g., a database, storage array, network storage device, etc.) accessible by network node 16 via an external connection. Software 74 may be executable by processing circuitry 68. Processing circuitry 68 may be configured to control any of the methods and / or processes described herein, and / or cause such methods and / or processes to be performed, for example, by network node 16. Processor 70 corresponds to one or more processors 70 for performing the functions of network node 16 described herein. Memory 72 is configured to store data, programming software code, and / or other information described herein. In some embodiments, software 74 may include instructions that, when executed by processor 70 and / or processing circuitry 68, cause processor 70 and / or processing circuitry 68 to perform the processes described herein concerning network node 16. For example, processing circuitry 68 of network node 16 may include enhancement unit 32 configured to perform one or more network node 16 functions as described herein, such as a PHR report regarding MUSIM.

[0045] The communication system 10 also includes the previously mentioned WD 22. The WD 22 may have hardware 80, which may include a radio interface 82 configured to establish and maintain a wireless connection 64 with a network node 16 serving the coverage area 18 where the WD 22 is currently located. The radio interface 82 may be configured as or may include, for example, one or more RF transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and / or one or more RF transceivers.

[0046] The hardware 80 of the WD 22 also includes processing circuitry 84. Processing circuitry 84 may include a processor 86 and memory 88. Specifically, in addition to or in lieu of a processor and memory such as a central processing unit, processing circuitry 84 may include integrated circuits for processing and / or control, such as one or more processors and / or processor cores adapted to execute instructions and / or FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) and / or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). Processor 86 may be configured to access (e.g., write to and / or read from) memory 88, which may include any kind of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, such as cache and / or buffer memory and / or RAM (Random Access Memory) and / or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and / or optical memory and / or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).

[0047] Therefore, WD 22 may also include software 90, which is stored, for example, in memory 88 at WD 22, or in external memory accessible to WD 22 (e.g., a database, storage array, network storage device, etc.). Software 90 may be executable by processing circuitry 84. Software 90 may include a client application 92. Client application 92 may be operable to provide services to human or non-human users via WD 22 with the support of host computer 24. In host computer 24, a host application 50 is executing and may communicate with the executing client application 92 via an OTT connection 52 terminated at WD 22 and host computer 24. When providing services to a user, client application 92 may receive request data from host application 50 and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection 52 may transfer both request data and user data. Client application 92 may interact with the user to generate the user data it provides.

[0048] Processing circuitry 84 may be configured to control any of the methods and / or processes described herein, and / or cause such methods and / or processes to be performed, for example, by WD 22. Processor 86 corresponds to one or more processors 86 for performing the functions of WD 22 described herein. WD 22 includes memory 88 configured to store data, programming software code, and / or other information described herein. In some embodiments, software 90 and / or client application 92 may include instructions that, when executed by processor 86 and / or processing circuitry 84, cause processor 86 and / or processing circuitry 84 to perform the processes described herein concerning WD 22. For example, processing circuitry 84 of wireless device 22 may include an operation unit 34 configured to perform one or more wireless device 22 functions as described herein, such as a PHR report regarding MUSIM.

[0049] Carrier aggregation Carrier aggregation (CA) is commonly used in 3GPP New Radio (NR, also known as 5G) and Long Term Evolution (LTE, also known as 4G) systems to improve the data transmission / reception rates of radio devices compared to systems that do not use CA. With CA, a radio device typically initially operates on a single serving cell called a primary cell (Pcell). The Pcell operates on component carriers within a frequency band. The radio device is then configured by the network / network node with one or more secondary serving cells (SCells). Each SCell can correspond to a component carrier (CC) in the same frequency band as the CC corresponding to the Pcell (intra-band CA) or in a different frequency band (inter-band CA). For the radio device to transmit / receive data on (one or more) SCells (e.g., by receiving downlink (DL) shared channel (SCH) information on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), or by transmitting uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) information / data on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), (one or more) SCells may need to be activated by the network / network node. One or more SCells can also be deactivated and reactivated later as needed via activation / deactivation signaling.

[0050] Dual connectivity Dual connectivity (DC) is commonly used in NR (5G) and LTE systems to help improve the data transmission and reception rates of radio devices. Using DC, radio devices typically work with a primary cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). Each cell group can have one or more serving cells. The MCG cell operating on the primary frequency is called the primary cell or PCell, where the radio device either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates a connection re-establishment procedure. When performing a synchronization reconfiguration procedure, the SCG cell in which the radio device performs random access is called the primary SCG cell or PSCell.

[0051] In some cases, the terms "primary cell" or "primary serving cell" can refer to a PCell for a radio device without a configured DC, and / or can refer to a PCell for an MCG or a PSCell for a radio device with a configured DC.

[0052] Power margin report Power headroom indicates how much transmission power is available for the UE, in addition to the power currently being used by the transmission. Power headroom can be defined by the following formula: Power margin = UE maximum output transmission power – PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS power If the power headroom value is positive, it indicates that the UE still has the transmission power to transmit data. If the power headroom value is negative, it indicates that the UE has been transmitting at a transmission power higher than or equal to the maximum output power, and no output power is left for transmitting data. The PHR is transmitted as a MAC CE (MAC Control Element), reporting the headroom between the current UE Tx power (estimated power) and the nominal power. The base station uses this reported value to estimate how much uplink bandwidth the UE can use for a given subframe. The more resource blocks (RBs) the UE is using, the higher the UE Tx power, but the UE Tx power should not exceed the maximum output power. There are two triggers for the PHR (Power Headroom Report): First, when the path loss changes more than a certain threshold, the UE can calculate the path loss based on the reference signal (RS) power notified by the network and the RS power measured at the UE's antenna port. If this value changes more than a certain threshold, the UE transmits the PHR. Second, via a periodic timer. The trigger is specified in the RRC (Radio Resource Control) message.

[0053] Multiple USIM In wireless communication systems, the lack of support from 3GPP specifications for handling multi-USIM-based operations in UEs in specific ways leads to various implementations and UE behaviors. In multi-USIM devices, USIMs typically share a common radio and baseband components. Thus, multi-USIM devices can register in different networks but use a single radio front-end (RF) and baseband. Traditional multi-SIM devices support Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) type operation. In DSDS, only one USIM actively connects to the PLMN in RRC_Connected mode to receive data, while the other USIM is in RRC_Idle / RRC_inactive mode. This is the traditional UE architecture supported by 3GPP Rel-17 using a single Rx or dual Rx along with a single Tx. For UEs that only support a single Tx, multi-SIM operation is limited, with the first USIM in an active connection mode (transmitting and / or receiving data) and the second USIM in an idle mode. For the second USIM, there is no possibility of UL feedback from the UE to the network side because a single Tx is occupied by the UL transmission of the first USIM.

[0054] Rel-18 WI for MUSIM In 3GPP version 18, the work on MUSIM was initiated for the following reasons: ==================================================== The hardware capabilities of a MUSIM UE are shared by the SIMs, and for efficient and economical use of hardware, related capabilities need to be dynamically allocated between the two SIMs. This can lead to temporary hardware conflicts for the UE, which may require the UE to release some resources (e.g., SCell / SCG) from one SIM. For example, when the UE's SIM A is in RRC connected state in NW A, while the UE's SIM B is in RRC idle or RRC inactive state in NW B, both RF chains will be occupied by SIM A for communication in NW A. Once the UE's SIM B enters RRC connected state, one of the RF chains needs to be switched to SIM B. In this situation, if NW A is unaware of the capability changes reduced by the UE in the RF chain, data loss may occur due to demodulation failures and wasted radio resources in NW A. To avoid this situation, assistance from the UE to network A regarding these temporary UE (capability) limitations can be beneficial.

[0055] ==================================================== The work item (WI) in version 18 is based on the new UE architecture, Dual Rx / Dual Tx UE. Dual Tx is a mandatory architecture that supports dual connectivity and may also benefit from multi-SIM features, as both USIMs can be in active mode and there are two UL chains supporting UL feedback loops.

[0056] The goal of WI is to define temporary UE capabilities, which may allow UE capabilities to be released from one USIM to two USIMs and re-enabled from two USIMs to one USIM.

[0057] ==================================================== Enhancements to the MUSIM procedure for simultaneous operation in NW A and NW B in the RRC_CONNECTED state. [RAN2, RAN3, RAN4].

[0058] When a UE needs to transmit or receive for MUSIM purposes (e.g., to start / stop a connection to NW B), a mechanism is specified to indicate preferences for temporary UE capability restrictions and restriction removal (e.g., capability updates, cell release, (de)activation of configured resources) on NW A.

[0059] RAT Concurrency: Network A is NR SA (with CA) or NR DC. Network B can be LTE or NR.

[0060] Applicable UE architecture: Dual RX / Dual TX UE The work item should indicate whether the WI is affected by RAN3 or RAN4 of RAN#99 [RAN2].

[0061] ==================================================== UL Power Control Specification and PHR Power control and power capability Power capability determines the maximum UE uplink power per cell or for carrier aggregation (CA). Given the transmission allocation by the base station, the remaining uplink power is reported to the base station via a power margin report.

[0062] For each cell c and carrier frequency f, the UE output power used for uplink transmission from the UE to the BS is controlled independently. Power control for uplink transmission during transmission timing i typically involves both open-loop and closed-loop control: Where P0 is the target received power at the receiver (gNB for NR), PL f,c It has a weighting factor α c,f Path loss estimation (the sum of output power required per resource for transmission resources used in open-loop control) M f,c It is the allocated resource bandwidth, △ f,c Including factors such as uplink modulation format, and δ f,c It is a relative power change used for closed-loop control.

[0063] The output power, determined by the open-loop power and closed-loop power, is subject to the maximum output power P configured (calculated) by the UE for cell c and carrier frequency f. CMAX,f,c (i) limitations. Configuration of P CMAX,f,c (i) Applicable to all types of transmission (PUCCH, PUSCH, and SRS), and subject to power capability P power class The capping limit. For NR in the frequency range below 7 GHz FR1, its output power can be measured at the antenna connector, configured with P CMAX,f,c (i) can be substantially described as: And therefore, it is limited by: The UE's power capability P is indicated to the network via UE capability signaling. power class The power capability and the maximum power reduction (MPR) function f(P) power class, MPR)≤P power class Allowing compliance with, for example, undesirable launch requirements. Cell-specific or UE-specific restrictions P are indicated to the UE by the network in system information broadcast within the cell or by dedicated signaling to the UE. Max (Absolute value).

[0064] The UE is allowed to perform power compensation up to MPR (dB), but not necessarily using the full tolerance. CMAX,f,c (i) is therefore defined within a range, starting from [1] for a single serving cell in FR1. The maximum output power P is configured CMAX,f,c It is set within the following limits: ,in The lower limit is controlled by the maximum permissible compensation (MPR), while both the upper and lower limits are determined by the power level (power capability) P. powerclass and the community-specific restriction level P Max (P) EMAX,c Limitations. Considering, for example, filter attenuation (ΔT) C Other permissible power reductions also lower the lower limit at the carrier edge, but for the sake of symbol simplicity and without loss of generality, they are not included in the following. The upper limit corresponds to the case where the UE does not apply any power compensation and is only subject to power level and power limit. If, for example, exposure compliance (SAR), the maximum power capability must be reduced, the power level can be determined by ΔP. powerclass Revise.

[0065] Carrier aggregation and power capability In carrier aggregation (CA), the UE configures the maximum total power P for all aggregated serving cells in the CA combination. CMAX For FR1, P CMAX The specifications at the antenna connector include power compensation applied to the serving cell portion of the CA configuration; for inter-band UL CA, this is essentially the sum of the configured power for each cell and is subject to the power level ∆P of the CA band combination. power class,CA Capping restrictions: Total configuration maximum output power P CMAX It should be set within the following limits: For uplink interband carrier aggregation with one serving cell c per operating frequency band, when the same slot symbol pattern is used in all aggregated serving cells... When UE power is limited, the total power P (CMAX) configured for all aggregated serving cells of CA combination is used for transmission power priority.

[0066] Prioritizing the reduction of transmission power For single-cell operation with two uplink carriers, or for operation with carrier aggregation, if the total UE transmit power used for PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmissions on the serving cell within the frequency range in the corresponding transmission timing i will exceed ,in The transmission timing i is defined in 8-1 of TS 38.101-1 for FR1 and 8-2 of TS 38.101-2 for FR2. The linear value of the power allocated by the UE to the PUSCH / PUCCH / PRACH / SRS transmissions according to the following priority order (in descending order) ensures that the total UE transmission power used for transmission on the serving cell within this frequency range is less than or equal to the power used for transmission within this frequency range in each symbol of transmission timing i. When determining the total transmit power used for the serving cell within a frequency range in a symbol of transmission time i, the UE does not include the power used for transmissions starting after symbol i. The total UE transmit power in a time slot symbol is defined as the linear sum of the UE transmit power of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and SRS in that time slot symbol.

[0067] PRACH transmission on Pcell - PUCCH or PUSCH transmissions with higher priority indexes, as per Clause 9. - For PUCCH or PUSCH transmissions with the same priority index - PUCCH transmissions with HARQ-ACK information, and / or SR, and / or LRR, or PUSCH transmissions with HARQ-ACK information. - PUCCH transmission with CSI or PUSCH transmission with CSI - PUSCH transmission without HARQ-ACK information or CSI, and PUSCH transmission on PCell for Type 2 random access procedures. - SRS transmission, where non-periodic SRS has a higher priority than semi-persistent and / or periodic SRS, or PRACH transmission on the serving cell other than PCell. Under the same priority order, and for operations with carrier aggregation, the power allocation for transmissions on the primary cell (MCG or SCG) is prioritized over transmissions on the secondary cell. Under the same priority order, and for operations with two UL carriers, the UE prioritizes power allocation for transmissions on the carriers where the UE is configured to transmit PUCCH. If the PUCCH is not configured for either of the two UL carriers, the UE prioritizes power allocation for transmissions on the non-supplementary UL carrier.

[0068] Given total power P CMAX When power is limited, the UE allocates power to transmission types according to priority. This means that, for example, the primary cell (PCell) is prioritized for a given transmission, such as simultaneous PUSCH transmissions on multiple serving cells.

[0069] The power level configured in CA can also be modified by a to take into account ΔP. power class,CA This relates to the MPE requirements for concurrent uplink transmissions across multiple uplink serving cells. This means the UE will be subject to ΔP power class,CA Lower output power (dB scale) begins to prioritize uplink power. The conditions allowing this are specified for the selected case and can depend on the uplink duty cycle on the serving cell. The power level used for band combining (CA or dual connectivity) may differ from the power level used to compose the band. If the power level used for band combining may be ΔP power class,CA Modified P power class,CA Below P used to form a frequency band power class Then the transmission power on the latter will be prioritized (reduced).

[0070] Power margin report Power capacity is determined by the power headroom (PH) reported in the power headroom report (PH). The ratio / difference (linearity / dB) between the configured maximum output power (depending on the power rating) And the estimated output power required for uplink transmissions scheduled by the BS. A positive value (in dB) means there is spare power available, while a negative value PH means that uplink power is capped by a maximum power limit and there is insufficient power for uplink allocation. The maximum output power is also reported in the PHR.

[0071] If the maximum power is ∆P power class Or P-MPR (or included in P) CMAX,f,cIf any other power compensation in the process is modified, then for a given uplink transmission schedule, the PH is changed.

[0072] PH can achieve actual transmission based on scheduled uplink resources (M in the above formula). f,c (i) or a reference format for resources without scheduling, and assume that all power compensation is set to zero (including P-MPR). The UE determines the PHR[2] as follows: by considering the configured grant or periodic / semi-persistent SRS transmission and downlink control information to determine whether the PH value for the serving cell to be activated is based on the real transmission or the reference format, the downlink control information up to and including the PDCCH timing has been received, in which if the PHR MAC CE is reported on the uplink grant received on the PDCCH, then the first UL grant for the new transmission is received because the PHR has been triggered, or if the PHR MAC CE is reported on the configured grant, then the first uplink symbol of the PUSCH transmission minus the PUSCH preparation time as defined in sub-clause TS 38.214.

[0073] ∆P powerclass This affects the PHR used for actual transmission and the reference format used for both PUSCH and SRS. ∆P powerclass The application in terms of time depends on the UE implementation.

[0074] For PUSCH (Type 1) and SRS (Type 3), the PHR is reported. The PH can be either a single entry (for the serving cell) or multiple entries, including serving cells with MR-DC or UL CA band combinations. The latter is configured for said band combination, otherwise a single entry.

[0075] PHR can be either periodic (typically 20-50 ms) or triggered by events such as changes in DL path loss affecting the required UL power or changes in P-MPR (if this is above a configurable threshold) using a phr-PeriodicTimer. According to [3], PHR should be triggered if any of the following events occur: - phr-ProhibitTimer The path loss has changed by more than 10% for at least one RS that is used as a path loss reference for an active serving cell for any MAC entity, or has expired or is already expired. phr-Tx- PowerFactorChange dB[configurable threshold], where the active DL BWP of the MAC entity is not a dormant BWP since the last transmission of the PHR in this MAC entity, at which point the MAC entity has UL resources for the new transmission; Regarding SAR and MPE compliance, when the UE has UL resources for new transmissions, if the change in P-MPR exceeds a configurable threshold, where phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange persists for more than a fraction of a millisecond (SAR, long-term average), then PHR is also triggered. - There are UL resources allocated for transmission, or there is a PUCCH transmission on this cell, and when the MAC entity allocates UL resources for transmission or PUCCH transmission on this cell, the required power compensation due to power management for this cell (as permitted by P-MPRc as specified in TS 38.101-1, TS 38.101-2 and TS 38.101-3) has changed more than phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange dB since the last transmission of the PHR.

[0076] According to 3GPP TS 38.213, PHR is defined as: - 5.4.6 Power Margin Report Power margin reporting procedures are used to provide the following information to the service gNB: - Type 1 power margin: The difference between the nominal maximum UE transmit power and the estimated power used for UL-SCH transmission per active serving cell; - Type 2 power margin: The difference between the nominal maximum UE transmission power and the estimated power used for UL-SCH and PUCCH transmission on the SpCell of another MAC entity (i.e., the E-UTRA MAC entity in the cases of EN-DC, NE-DC, and NGEN-DC). - Type 3 power margin: The difference between the nominal maximum UE transmission power and the estimated power used for SRS transmission per active serving cell; - MPE P-MPR: Power compensation that meets the MPE FR2 requirements for serving cells operating on FR2.

[0077] RRC controls power headroom reporting by configuring the following parameters: - phr-ProhibitTimer; A Power Headroom Report (PHR) should be triggered if any of the following events occur: - phr-ProhibitTimer The path loss has changed by more than 10% for at least one RS that is used as a path loss reference for an active serving cell for any MAC entity, or has expired or is already expired. phr-Tx- PowerFactorChangedB, where the active DL BWP of the MAC entity is not a dormant BWP since the last transmission of the PHR in this MAC entity, at which point the MAC entity has UL resources for the new transmission. Note 1: The path loss change for a cell evaluated above is between the path loss measured at the current time against the current path loss reference and the path loss measured at the last transmission time of the PHR against the path loss reference in use at that time, regardless of whether the path loss reference has changed in between. The current path loss reference used for this purpose does not include the path loss reference used in TS 38.331 [5]. pathlossReferenceRS-Pos Any path loss reference configured.

[0078] - phr-PeriodicTimer maturity; - It is not used to disable the power margin reporting functionality when it is configured or reconfigured by the upper layer; - Activate the SCell of any MAC entity with a configured uplink, which uplink's firstActiveDownlinkBWP-Id Not set to hibernate BWP; - Activation of SCG; - Add PSCell unless SCG is deactivated (i.e., PSCell is newly added or changed). - When the MAC entity has UL resources for the new transfer, phr-ProhibitTimer For any active serving cell that has expired or is already expired and has a configured uplink for any MAC entity with a configured uplink, the following is true: - There are UL resources allocated for transmission, or there is PUCCH transmission on this cell, and when the MAC entity allocates UL resources for transmission or PUCCH transmission on this cell, since the last transmission of PHR, due to power management for this cell (as specified in TS 38.101-1

[14] , TS 38.101-2

[15] and TS 38.101-3

[16] P-MPR). c The required power compensation caused by the permitted [percentage] has changed by more than [percentage]. phr-Tx- PowerFactorChange dB.

[0079] - When an active BWP of any MAC entity with a configured uplink switches from a dormant BWP to a non-dormant DL BWP; - If configured mpe-Reporting-FR2 ,and mpe-ProhibitTimer Not running: - The P-MPR applied to measurements that meet the FR2 MPE requirements specified in TS 38.101-2

[15] is equal to or greater than the P-MPR of at least one active FR2 serving cell since the last transmission of the PHR in this MAC entity. mpe- Threshold ;or - The P-MPR applied to measurements that meet the FR2 MPE requirements specified in TS 38.101-2

[15] has changed more than since the last transmission of the PHR for at least one active FR2 serving cell. phr-Tx- PowerFactorChange dB, because the P-MPR applied to measurements that meet MPE requirements is equal to or greater than that in this MAC entity. mpe-Threshold .

[0080] In this context, the PHR is referred to below as the "MPE P-MPR Report".

[0081] Note 2: When the required power compensation due to power management is only temporarily reduced (e.g., for tens of milliseconds), the MAC entity should avoid triggering the PHR, and when the PHR is triggered by other conditions, it should avoid reflecting the PHR. CMAX,f,c This temporary decrease in pH value.

[0082] Note 3: If the HARQ procedure is configured with cg-RetransmissionTimer Furthermore, if the PHR has been included in the MAC PDU for transmission on the configured permission via this HARQ procedure, but has not yet been transmitted by the lower layer, how the PHR content is handled depends on the UE implementation.

[0083] In some embodiments, the internal operations of network node 16, WD 22, and host computer 24 can be as follows: Figure 2 As shown, and independently, the surrounding network topology can be Figure 1 The network topology.

[0084] exist Figure 2 In this diagram, OTT connection 52 is abstractly depicted to illustrate communication between host computer 24 and wireless device 22 via network node 16, without explicitly mentioning any intermediate devices or the precise routing of messages via these devices. The network infrastructure can determine the routing, which can be configured to be hidden from WD 22 or the service provider operating host computer 24, or both. As OTT connection 52 becomes active, the network infrastructure can make further decisions, dynamically altering the routing (e.g., based on network reconfiguration or load balancing considerations).

[0085] The wireless connection 64 between WD 22 and network node 16 is based on the teachings of embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more embodiments in various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to WD 22 using OTT connection 52, wherein wireless connection 64 may form the final segment. More specifically, the teachings of some embodiments in these embodiments can improve data rates, latency, and / or power consumption, and thereby provide benefits such as reduced user wait times, relaxed file size limits, better responsiveness, and extended battery life.

[0086] In some embodiments, measurement procedures may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rates, latency, and other factors improved by one or more embodiments. Optional network functionality may further be provided for reconfiguring the OTT connection 52 between host computer 24 and WD 22 in response to changes in measurement results. The measurement procedures and / or network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 52 may be implemented using software 48 of host computer 24, or software 90 of WD 22, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or associated with communication devices traversed by the OTT connection 52; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedures by providing values ​​of the monitored quantities illustrated above, or by providing values ​​of other physical quantities from which software 48, 90 can calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. Reconfiguration of the OTT connection 52 may include message formatting, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; reconfiguration does not need to affect network node 16, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to network node 16. Some such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In some embodiments, the measurement may involve proprietary WD signaling, facilitating the host computer 24 to measure throughput, propagation time, latency, etc. In some embodiments, the measurement may be implemented such that software 48, 90 enables the transmission of messages, particularly empty or “pseudo” messages, using OTT connection 52, while monitoring propagation time, errors, etc.

[0087] Thus, in some embodiments, the host computer 24 includes processing circuitry 42 configured to provide user data and a communication interface 40 configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to the WD 22. In some embodiments, the cellular network also includes a network node 16 with a radio interface 62. In some embodiments, the network node 16 is configured, and / or the processing circuitry 68 of the network node 16 is configured to perform the functions and / or methods described herein for preparing / initiating / maintaining / supporting / terminating transmissions to the WD 22 and / or preparing / terminating / maintaining / supporting / terminating transmissions received from the WD 22.

[0088] In some embodiments, host computer 24 includes processing circuitry 42 and a communication interface 40 configured to receive user data originating from transmissions from WD 22 to network node 16. In some embodiments, WD 22 is configured to and / or include a radio interface 82 and / or processing circuitry 84 configured to perform the functions and / or methods described herein for preparing / initiating / maintaining / supporting / terminating transmissions to network node 16 and / or preparing / terminating / maintaining / supporting / terminating transmissions received from network node 16.

[0089] although Figure 1 and Figure 2 Various "units," such as enhancement unit 32 and operation unit 34, are shown as being within the respective processors; however, it is contemplated that these units could be implemented such that a portion of the unit is stored in a corresponding memory within the processing circuitry. In other words, these units could be implemented within the processing circuitry using hardware or a combination of hardware and software.

[0090] Figure 3 The illustration is based on an embodiment of a communication system (such as, for example...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates an example method implemented in a communication system. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be referenced... Figure 2 The methods described herein. In the first step, host computer 24 provides user data (block S100). In an optional sub-step of the first step, host computer 24 provides user data by executing a host application (such as, for example, host application 50) (block S102). In the second step, host computer 24 initiates a transmission carrying user data to WD 22 (block S104). In an optional third step, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, network node 16 transmits the user data carried in the transmission initiated by host computer 24 to WD 22 (block S106). In an optional fourth step, WD 22 executes a client application (such as, for example, client application 92) associated with host application 50 executed by host computer 24 (block S108).

[0091] Figure 4 The illustration is based on an embodiment of a communication system (such as, for example, Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates an example method implemented in a communication system. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be referenced... Figure 1 and Figure 2The methods described herein. In the first step, host computer 24 provides user data (block S110). In an optional sub-step (not shown), host computer 24 provides user data by executing a host application (such as, for example, host application 50). In the second step, host computer 24 initiates a transmission carrying user data to WD 22 (block S112). According to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the transmission may be carried via network node 16. In an optional third step, WD 22 receives the user data carried in the transmission (block S114).

[0092] Figure 5 The illustration is based on an embodiment of a communication system (such as, for example, Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates an example method implemented in a communication system. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be referenced... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The methods described herein. In an optional first step, WD 22 receives input data provided by host computer 24 (block S116). In an optional sub-step of the first step, WD 22 executes client application 92, which provides user data in response to the received input data provided by host computer 24 (block S118). Additionally or alternatively, in an optional second step, WD 22 provides user data (block S120). In an optional sub-step of the second step, WD provides user data by executing a client application (such as, for example, client application 92) (block S122). When providing user data, the executed client application 92 may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which user data is provided, in an optional third sub-step, WD 22 may initiate the transmission of user data to host computer 24 (block S124). In a fourth step of the method, host computer 24 receives user data transmitted from WD 22 in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure (block S126).

[0093] Figure 6 The illustration is based on an embodiment of a communication system (such as, for example, Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates an example method implemented in a communication system. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be referenced... Figure 1 and Figure 2The methods described herein. In an optional first step, network node 16 receives user data from WD 22 in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure (block S128). In an optional second step, network node 16 initiates a transmission of the received user data to host computer 24 (block S130). In a third step, host computer 24 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by network node 16 (block S132).

[0094] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of an example process in network node 16 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. One or more blocks and / or functions performed by network node 16 may be performed by one or more elements of network node 16, such as enhancement unit 32 in processing circuitry 68, processor 70, radio interface 62, etc. In one or more embodiments, network node 16 is configured to receive (block S134) first data from wireless device 22 via one or more of processing circuitry 68, processor 70, enhancement unit 32, communication interface 60, and radio interface 62, wherein the first data is transmitted from wireless device using a first USIM and at least two UL Tx, as described herein. In one or more embodiments, network node 16 is configured to receive (block S136) a first PHR from wireless device via one or more of processing circuitry 68, processor 70, enhancement unit 32, communication interface 60, and radio interface 62, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power for uplink transmission configuration for wireless device, as described herein. In one or more embodiments, network node 16 is configured to receive (block S138) a second PHR from a wireless device, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 68, processor 70, enhancement unit 32, communication interface 60, and radio interface 62, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless device, wherein the second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission is reduced compared to a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission, as described herein.

[0095] According to one or more embodiments, a first PHR report is based on the transmission of first data, and a second PHR is based on the transmission of second data, wherein the second data is transmitted from a wireless device to a second PLMN using at least one of at least two UL Tx values ​​and a second USIM. According to one or more embodiments, the second PHR is reduced compared to the first PHR. According to one or more embodiments, the first PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, and the second PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, wherein the PCMAX value included in the second PHR is PCMAX_C_00.

[0096] In one or more alternative embodiments, network node 16 is configured to receive (block S134) first data from wireless device 22 via one or more of processing circuitry 68, processor 70, enhancement unit 32, communication interface 60, and radio interface 62, wherein the first data is transmitted from wireless device using at least one of two UL Tx and a first USIM, as described herein. In one or more embodiments, network node 16 is configured to receive (block S136) a first PHR from wireless device via one or more of processing circuitry 68, processor 70, enhancement unit 32, communication interface 60, and radio interface 62, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power for uplink transmission configuration for wireless device, as described herein. In one or more embodiments, network node 16 is configured, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 68, processor 70, enhancement unit 32, communication interface 60, and radio interface 62, to receive (block S138) a second PHR from a wireless device, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless device, wherein the second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission is increased compared to a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission, as described herein.

[0097] According to one or more embodiments, a first PHR report is based on the transmission of first data, and a second PHR is based on the transmission of second data, wherein the second data is transmitted from a wireless device to a second PLMN using a second USIM and at least two UL Tx.

[0098] Figure 8This is a flowchart of an example process in a wireless device 22 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. One or more blocks and / or functions performed by the wireless device 22 may be performed by one or more elements of the wireless device 22, such as the operation unit 34 in the processing circuitry 84, processor 86, radio interface 82, etc. In one or more embodiments, the wireless device is configured, such as via one or more of the processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, to transmit first data to a first PLMN using a first USIM and at least two UL Tx (S140), as described herein. In one or more embodiments, the wireless device is configured, such as via one or more of the processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, to transmit a first power headroom report (PHR) to the first PLMN (S142), wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power for uplink transmission configuration for the wireless device, as described herein. In one or more embodiments, a wireless device, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, is configured to transmit second data to a second PLMN using at least one of two UL Tx and a second USIM (S144), as described herein. In one or more embodiments, a wireless device, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, is configured to transmit a second PHR to a first PLMN (S146), wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power for an uplink transmission configuration for the wireless device, wherein the second maximum output power for the uplink transmission configuration is reduced compared to a first maximum output power for uplink transmission, as described herein.

[0099] According to one or more embodiments, a first PHR report is based on the transmission of first data, and a second PHR is based on the transmission of second data. According to one or more embodiments, the second PHR is reduced compared to the first PHR. According to one or more embodiments, the first PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, and the second PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, wherein the PCMAX value included in the second PHR is PCMAX_C_00.

[0100] In alternative embodiments, a wireless device, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, is configured to transmit first data to a first PLMN using at least one of two UL Tx and a first USIM (S140), as described herein. In one or more embodiments, a wireless device, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, is configured to transmit a first power headroom report (PHR) to the first PLMN (S142), wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power for uplink transmission configuration of the wireless device, as described herein. In one or more embodiments, a wireless device, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, is configured to transmit second data to a second PLMN using a second USIM and at least two UL Tx (S144), as described herein. In one or more embodiments, a wireless device, such as via one or more of processing circuitry 84, processor 86, operation unit 34, and radio interface 82, is configured to transmit a second PHR to a first PLMN (S146), wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless device, wherein the second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission is increased compared to a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission, as described herein.

[0101] The arrangement of the PHR for MUSIM has been described in general terms. Details of these arrangements, functions and processes are provided below, and they can be implemented by network node 16, wireless device 22 and / or host computer 24.

[0102] An example of a PHR for MUSIM is provided.

[0103] Scenarios for single-carrier operation on the first PLMN Figure 9 The diagram illustrates single-carrier operation for the first PLMN. Figure 9In this embodiment, the first PLMN is using single-carrier operation to communicate with the UE, where the UE architecture uses dual Rx / dual Tx. With two Tx antenna ports supporting two Tx transceivers, uplink transmission can apply UL-MIMO or UL Tx diversity with antenna switching schemes. Other UE architectures using more than one Tx chain / Tx transceiver are also within the scope of this embodiment, where more than one Tx antenna port is used to transmit uplink signals / data to the gNB. Generally, when a PHR is triggered, at least one of these parameters (e.g., PC_Max) is reported for the first PLMN according to Table 6.1.3.8-1-3, under the conditions defined in 3GPP TS 38.321. When both UL Txes are used by the first PLMN, PC_Max is reported as the first PC_max. Once one of the Txes is used by the second PLMN, PC_Max is reported as the second PC_max, which indicates a power reduction compared to the first PC_max. Furthermore, in this embodiment, when both the first PLMN and the second PLMN use two UL Tx, PC_Max is reported as the first PC_max. Once both UL Tx are reused by the first PLMN, PC_Max is reported as the second PC_max, which indicates the power increase compared to the first PC_max.

[0104] Table 6.1.3.8-1: Power margin levels for PHR PH Power margin level 0 POWER_HEADROOM_0 1 POWER_HEADROOM_1 2 POWER_HEADROOM_2 3 POWER_HEADROOM_3 … … 60 POWER_HEADROOM_60 61 POWER_HEADROOM_61 62 POWER_HEADROOM_62 63 POWER_HEADROOM_63 Table 6.1.3.8-2: Nominal UE Transmit Power Levels for PHR <![CDATA[P CMAX,f,c ]]> Nominal UE transmit power level 0 PCMAX_C_00 1 PCMAX_C_01 2 PCMAX_C_02 … … 61 PCMAX_C_61 62 PCMAX_C_62 63 PCMAX_C_63 Table 6.1.3.8-3: Effective power reduction for MPE P-MPR MPE Measured P-MPR value 0 P-MPR_00 1 P-MPR_01 2 P-MPR_02 3 P-MPR_03 In one embodiment, the power reduction is for a second PC_max. As an example, the second PC_max is reported as a higher value of PCMAX_C. Once a higher PCMax_C is received in the PHR for a particular carrier, the gNB schedules data, assuming less power is available.

[0105] Table 1. PC_MAX values ​​in the report Reported values Measured value unit PCMAX_C_00 PCMAX,c,f<-29 dBm PCMAX_C_01 <![CDATA[-29 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <-28]]> dBm PCMAX_C_02 <![CDATA[-28 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <-27]]> dBm … … … PCMAX_C_61 <![CDATA[31 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <32]]> dBm PCMAX_C_62 <![CDATA[32 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <33]]> dBm PCMAX_C_63 <![CDATA[33 ≤ P CMAX,c,f ]]> dBm Scenario for CA or DC operations on the first PLMN Figure 10The diagram illustrates a CA / DC with multi-carrier operation for a first PLMN. When the first PLMN is using CA / DC operation to communicate with a UE having a UE architecture including more than one Tx chain / Tx transceiver (such as dual Rx / dual Tx), more than one Tx antenna port can be used to transmit uplink signals / data to the gNB. For example, for uplink transmission using two Tx antenna ports supporting two Tx transceivers, uplink transmission can be applied on multiple UL carriers. When a PHR is triggered, at least one of the parameters (e.g., PC_Max) is reported in the table below with multiple entries, under the conditions defined in 3GPPTS 38.321. When both UL Txes are used by the first PLMN with multiple UL carriers, PC_Max is reported as the first PC_max. Once one of the Txes is used by the second PLMN, PC_Max is reported as the second PC_max, indicating a power reduction compared to the first PC_max. Furthermore, when both the first PLMN and the second PLMN use two UL Tx, PC_Max is reported as the first PC_max. Once both UL Tx are used again by the first PLMN for multiple UL carriers, PC_Max is reported as the second PC_max, which will indicate the power increase compared to the first PC_max. Figure 11 The diagram shows that the PHR MAC CE of the highest ServCellIndex of the serving cell with uplink configuration is less than 8 (a), and the PHR MAC CE of the highest ServCellIndex of the serving cell with uplink configuration is equal to or greater than 8 (b).

[0106] In one embodiment, the aim is to apply power reduction or set its PH to a minimum for one of the entries (carriers). For example, for virtual transmissions, Pcmax,c (V = "1") is not included. In this case, for the serving cell, the UE includes V=1 and sets its PH to POWER_HEADROOM_0 (PH<-32 dB) or any indication that PH<0, which also indicates that the UE power is insufficient for scheduling UL grants.

[0107] In one embodiment, the power reduction is applied to a second PC_max. The second PC_max is reported as PCMAX_C_00. Once a received PC_MAX_C_00 is received in the PHR for a particular carrier, the gNB stops scheduling data on that carrier, assuming there is insufficient power available.

[0108] Table 2. PC_MAX values ​​in the report Reported values Measured value unit PCMAX_C_00 <![CDATA[P CMAX,c,f <-29]]> dBm PCMAX_C_01 <![CDATA[-29 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <-28]]> dBm PCMAX_C_02 <![CDATA[-28 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <-27]]> dBm … … … PCMAX_C_61 <![CDATA[31 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <32]]> dBm PCMAX_C_62 <![CDATA[32 ≤ P CMAX,c,f <33]]> dBm PCMAX_C_63 <![CDATA[33 ≤ P CMAX,c,f ]]> dBm As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the concepts described herein can be implemented as methods, data processing systems, computer program products, and / or computer storage media storing executable computer programs. Therefore, the concepts described herein can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects, all generally referred to herein as “circuit” or “module.” Any process, step, action, and / or functionality described herein can be performed and / or associated with a corresponding module, which can be implemented using software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Furthermore, this disclosure can take the form of a computer program product on a tangible computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable computer program code is implemented. Any suitable tangible computer-readable medium can be utilized, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, electrical storage devices, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.

[0109] Some embodiments are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, systems, and computer program products. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a general-purpose computer (thereby creating a special-purpose computer), a processor of a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that the instructions, executable via the computer's processor or other programmable data processing apparatus, create components for implementing the functions / actions specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram blocks or blocks.

[0110] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or storage medium that directs a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of writing comprising instruction components that implement the functions / actions specified in flowchart and / or block diagram frames or blocks.

[0111] Computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a series of operable steps to be executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions / actions specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram boxes or blocks.

[0112] It is important to understand that the functions / actions indicated in the boxes may not occur in the order shown in the operable diagram. For example, two boxes shown consecutively may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or these boxes may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions / actions involved. Although some of these diagrams include arrows on the communication path to show the main direction of communication, it is important to understand that communication may occur in the opposite direction to the arrows depicted.

[0113] Computer program code used to perform the operations of the concepts described herein may be written in an object-oriented programming language such as Java® or C++. However, computer program code used to perform the operations of this disclosure may also be written in a conventional procedural programming language such as the "C" programming language. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0114] This document has disclosed numerous different embodiments in conjunction with the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. It will be understood that a literal description and illustration of each combination and sub-combination of these embodiments would be excessively repetitive and obscure. Therefore, all embodiments can be combined in any manner and / or combination, and this specification, including the accompanying drawings, should be construed as constituting a complete written description of all combinations and sub-combinations of the embodiments described herein, as well as the ways and processes of making and using them, and should support the claims for any such combinations or sub-combinations.

[0115] The abbreviations that may be used in the preceding description include: Abbreviation Explanation USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module), physical SIM card, or eSIM PHR Power Headroom Report PLMN Public Land Mobile Network BWP bandwidth portion DSDA Dual SIM Dual Activities DSDA Dual SIM Dual Standby CA carrier aggregation DC dual connectivity CBG code block group CCE Control Channel Element DAI Downlink Assignment Indicator DCI Downlink Control Information HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) NACK (Negative Acknowledgment) PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel SRS Detection Reference Signal PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) TB transfer block UCI uplink control information Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are not limited to those specifically shown and described above. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated above, it should be noted that all figures are not to scale. Various modifications and variations are possible in accordance with the above teachings.

Claims

1. A method implemented by a wireless device 22, said wireless device comprising at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two Uplink Transmitters (UL Txes), and configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN, said method comprising: First data is transmitted to the first PLMN using the first USIM and the at least two UL Tx (S140). Transmit a first power headroom report (PHR) to the first PLMN (S142), wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless device; and The second data is transmitted to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the second USIM (S144). Transmit a second PHR to the first PLMN (S146), wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device, wherein the configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, The first PHR report is based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR is based on the transmission of the second data.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The PHR is defined as the difference between the maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device and the estimated output power required for the uplink transmission scheduled by the network node.

4. The method as described in claims 1-3, wherein, The second PHR is lower than the first PHR.

5. The method as described in claims 1-4, wherein, The at least two uplink transmitters UL Tx use UL-MIMO or Tx diversity.

6. The method as described in claims 1-5, wherein, The wireless device is configured for dual connectivity when communicating with the first public mobile network (PLMN) and / or the second PLMN.

7. The method as described in claims 1-5, wherein, The wireless device is configured for carrier aggregation when communicating with the first public mobile network (PLMN) and / or the second PLMN.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein, The wireless device communicates with the first PLMN using a first UL Tx on a first UL carrier and a second UL Tx on a second UL carrier, and wherein the wireless device communicates with the second PLMN using at least one of the two UL Txes on the first UL carrier.

9. The method as described in claims 1-5, wherein, The first PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, and the second PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, wherein the PCMAX value included in the second PHR is PCMAX_C_00.

10. The method as described in claims 1-9, wherein, The wireless device includes multiple USIM MUSIMs.

11. A wireless device 22 configured to include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Txes), and configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN, the wireless device including a radio interface 62 and processing circuitry 68 configured to: First data is transmitted to the first PLMN using the first USIM and the at least two UL Tx; A first power headroom report (PHR) is transmitted to the first PLMN, wherein... The first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device; as well as The second data is transmitted to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the second USIM; A second PHR is transmitted to the first PLMN, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device, wherein the configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, The first PHR report is transmitted based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR report is transmitted based on the transmission of the second data.

13. The wireless device as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein, The PHR is defined as the difference between the maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device and the estimated output power required for the uplink transmission scheduled by the network node.

14. The wireless device as claimed in claims 11-13, wherein, The second PHR is lower than the first PHR.

15. The wireless device as claimed in claims 11-14, wherein, The at least two uplink transmitters UL Tx use UL-MIMO or Tx diversity.

16. The wireless device as claimed in claims 11-15, wherein, The wireless device is configured for dual connectivity when communicating with the first public mobile network (PLMN) and / or the second PLMN.

17. The wireless device as claimed in claims 11-15, wherein, The wireless device is configured for carrier aggregation when communicating with the first public mobile network (PLMN) and / or the second PLMN.

18. The wireless device of claim 17, wherein, The wireless device communicates with the first PLMN using a first ULTx on a first UL carrier and a second ULTx on a second UL carrier, wherein the wireless device communicates with the second PLMN using at least one of the two ULTxes on the first UL carrier.

19. The wireless device as claimed in claims 11-15, wherein, The first PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, and the second PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, wherein the PCMAX value included in the second PHR is PCMAX_C_00.

20. The wireless device as claimed in claims 11-19, wherein, The wireless device includes multiple USIM MUSIMs.

21. A method implemented in a network node 16, the network node 16 operating in a first public mobile network (PLMN) including wireless devices, wherein, The wireless device includes at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two Uplink Transmitters (UL Tx), and is configured to communicate with the first PLMN and the second PLMN, the method comprising: Receive first data from the wireless device (S134), wherein the first data is transmitted from the wireless device using the first USIM and the at least two UL Tx; Receive (S136) a first power headroom report PHR from the wireless device, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device; Receive (S138) a second PHR from the wireless device, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device, wherein the configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The first PHR report is based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR is based on the transmission of the second data; wherein the second data is transmitted from the wireless device to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the second USIM.

23. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein, PHR is defined as the difference between the maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device and the estimated output power required for the uplink transmission scheduled by the network node.

24. The method as described in claims 21-23, wherein, The second PHR is lower than the first PHR.

25. The method as described in claims 21-24, wherein, The first PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, and the second PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, wherein the PCMAX value included in the second PHR is PCMAX_C_00.

26. A network node 16 configured to operate in a first public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN) including wireless devices, wherein, The wireless device includes at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two Uplink Transmitters (ULTx), and is configured to communicate with the first PLMN and the second PLMN. The network node includes a radio interface 82 and processing circuitry 84, which is configured to: Receive first data from the wireless device, wherein the first data is transmitted from the wireless device using a first USIM and the at least two ULTx; Receive a first power headroom report (PHR) from the wireless device, wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device; A second PHR is received from a wireless device, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device, wherein the configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is reduced compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

27. The network node as claimed in claim 26, wherein, The first PHR report is based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR is based on the transmission of the second data; wherein the second data is transmitted from the wireless device to the second PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the second USIM.

28. The network node as described in claim 26 or 27, wherein, PHR is defined as the difference between the maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device and the estimated output power required for the uplink transmission scheduled by the network node.

29. The network node as described in claims 26-28, wherein, The second PHR is lower than the first PHR.

30. The network node as described in claims 26-29, wherein, The first PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, and the second PHR includes at least one PCMAX value, wherein the PCMAX value included in the second PHR is PCMAX_C_00.

31. A method implemented by a wireless device 22, the wireless device comprising at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two Uplink Transmitters (UL Txes), and configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN, the method comprising: First data is transmitted to the first PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the first USIM (S140). Transmit a first power headroom report (PHR) to the first PLMN (S142), wherein the first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission of the wireless device; and The second data is transmitted to the second PLMN using the second USIM and the at least two UL Tx (S144). Transmit a second PHR to the first PLMN (S146), wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device, wherein the configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is increased compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein, The first PHR report is based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR is based on the transmission of the second data.

33. A wireless device 22 configured to include at least two Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) and at least two uplink transmitters (UL Txes), and configured to communicate with a first Public Mobile Network (PLMN) and a second PLMN, the wireless device including a radio interface 62 and processing circuitry 68 configured to: First data is transmitted to the first PLMN using one of the at least two UL Tx and the first USIM; A first power headroom report (PHR) is transmitted to the first PLMN, wherein... The first PHR includes a first maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device; as well as The second data is transmitted to the second PLMN using the second USIM and the at least two UL Tx; A second PHR is transmitted to the first PLMN, wherein the second PHR includes a second maximum output power configured for uplink transmission for the wireless device, wherein the configured second maximum output power for uplink transmission is increased compared to the first maximum output power for uplink transmission.

34. The wireless device of claim 33, wherein, The first PHR report is transmitted based on the transmission of the first data, and the second PHR report is transmitted based on the transmission of the second data.

Images