The invention relates to the technical field of communication security, in particular to an SIM card communication method and
system based on an anti-
quantum cryptography algorithm, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining first signature data, carrying out the signature
verification of the first signature data through employing a public key generated by a first anti-
quantum cryptography algorithm and a public key generated by a first cryptographic
algorithm, and obtaining a first signature
verification result; after the signature
verification succeeds, a first preset private key is utilized to perform combined signature on the first random number and a second random number generated by the first SIM card to obtain second signature data; the first SIM card performs signature verification on the second signature data by using the first preset public key; and after successful verification, the first SIM card and the second SIM card communicate based on the symmetric key. According to the application, the anti-
quantum cryptographic algorithm is added in the SIM card, so that the post-
quantum algorithm can be integrated in the SIM card, the problem that the SIM card uses a traditional cryptographic algorithm is solved, information can be prevented from being attacked and cracked in the quantum computing power era, and the communication security of the SIM card is improved.