Hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization as well as preparation method and application of hollow fiber type Janus membrane

Abstract

The invention discloses a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization as well as a preparation method and application of the hollow fiber type Janus membrane, and belongs to the technical field of membrane separation. A diffusion device composed of a membrane assembly, a water phase system, an organic phase system, a pressure control system and an online temperature control system is designed, a water phase solution containing amine monomers and an organic phase solution containing acyl chloride monomers are prepared at the same time, and a hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane is fixed in a middle channel of the diffusion device; a water-phase solution heated by the temperature controller is introduced into a cavity of the middle channel through a first water pump, an organic-phase solution is introduced into the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane through a second water pump, the water-phase solution and the organic-phase solution infiltrate the outer surface and the inner surface of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane respectively for diffusion interfacial polymerization reaction, and a polymer active separation layer is formed; and performing drying treatment to obtain the hollow fiber type Janus membrane. The hollow fiber type Janus membrane disclosed by the invention has excellent anti-pollution and anti-wetting properties.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of membrane separation technology, and particularly relates to a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interface polymerization and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Membrane separation technology is widely used in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment, and has the characteristics of continuous operation, no regeneration, no secondary pollution, mild operating conditions, small land occupation and the like. Membrane fouling and membrane wetting are the most common problems that reduce the membrane productivity. Existing researches develop various advanced composite membranes through methods such as spraying, polymer coating and surface coating, among which, the Janus membrane modification strategy with a dense separation layer has attracted considerable attention due to its great potential for anti-fouling and anti-wetting.

[0003] The concept of Janus membrane was first proposed around 2010, and its two faces have asymmetric characteristics, showing new functions that traditional membranes do not have, which can achieve excellent performance in traditional membrane processes and exhibit unique functions in all aspects involving interfaces. Especially, the internal driving force generated by the asymmetric configuration of the two faces of the Janus membrane can effectively change the separation and transport process. Therefore, the Janus membrane has attracted widespread attention and developed rapidly, and its preparation method has become the basis of the field. Researchers have proposed various preparation methods, which can be summarized into two paths, namely asymmetric preparation and asymmetric modification.

[0004] Asymmetric preparation is the simplest method for preparing Janus membranes, and the basic process is to prepare the two faces of the Janus membrane separately and then combine them to form the Janus membrane. Researchers use continuous electrospinning to prepare a hydrophobic PU nanofiber membrane, and then continue to electrospin a hydrophilic cross-linked PVA nanofiber membrane on its surface to prepare a PU / PVA Janus membrane. Similarly, researchers use continuous filtration to filter hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanotubes or nanowires onto a porous material substrate in sequence, and then peel them off to form a Janus membrane. Zhang et al. reported a blend solution, which was cast into a film, and then formed a Janus membrane through molecular migration or phase separation of an incompatible system.

[0005] Another path is asymmetric modification, i.e. one side of the formed film is modified with different properties. Lin et al. used POSS to modify the ZnO coated fiber film, then treated one side with photodegradation to restore super-hydrophilic performance, thus prepared Janus film. Wang et al. used one side crosslinking method, first immersed the cotton cloth into PDMS solution, then crosslinked one side with UV light, and washed the other side with solvent to remove PDMS, thus prepared Janus film. Tian et al. used one side CVD method, one side of the cotton cloth was vapor deposited with perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane to form a hydrophobic side, and the other side was not treated to keep its original hydrophobicity, thus formed Janus film. Due to the capillary action of the film material, the modification material solution is easy to soak into its pore structure, thus leading to both sides being modified. It is difficult to prepare Janus film by wet method. To solve this difficulty, Liu et al. used high viscosity fluorine-containing polymer foam to hydrophobically modify one side of the film material. The high viscosity of the fluorine-containing polymer foam overcomes the capillary force, preventing both sides of the film from being modified, thus preparing Janus film. Xu et al. developed a floating deposition method, i.e. using ethanol soaked PP film to prevent the modification solution from soaking into the film pore structure, thus floating on the surface of dopamine, low molecular weight polyethyleneimine PEI solution, and depositing hydrophilic PEI on the side in contact with the modification solution, thus preparing Janus film.

[0006] The above methods for preparing Janus film, for the asymmetric preparation path, although the preparation method is simple, the thickness of both sides is easy to control, but the interface compatibility between the two sides of the film is weak, which easily affects the stability of the film material, thus requiring high compatibility between materials. The phase separation method or molecular migration method requires high material selection, and the suitable mixed system is limited, and the phase separation or molecular migration is difficult to control to achieve complete separation. The asymmetric modification path directly uses the formed film material to modify one side, which is simple, but the existing modification method uses materials that are usually expensive, toxic, volatile, and usually requires corresponding equipment to assist the modification process, which is difficult to mass produce. For example, the one side photodegradation method needs to use POSS modification, and needs one side photodegradation, which requires expensive POSS and photodegradation equipment.

[0007] Surface modification using interfacial polymerization is an effective means. Interfacial polymerization is a method of forming a polyamide film by a polymerization reaction at the interface of two immiscible phases. Conventional interfacial polymerization simply immerses a substrate film into one reactant solution and then into another immiscible reactant solution, and the result is that it is difficult to prepare a dense separation layer with defect-free properties due to the fast reaction rate between monomers. Previous studies have mainly focused on the reaction materials, such as different reaction monomers, the addition of organic / inorganic additives and nanoparticles, or the use of different substrates, but few studies have focused on controlling the diffusion behavior between the two reactants. Therefore, in the face of the core demand for high flux and low energy consumption in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment, it is of great significance to design a new diffusion interfacial polymerization device, and to design a simple, scalable, and degradable hollow fiber type Janus membrane and its matching preparation method from the interfacial polymerization reaction process. SUMMARY

[0008] To solve the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization and a preparation method and application thereof. By regulating the diffusion behavior of the organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution inside and outside the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane, a complete and dense polymer active separation layer is formed more uniformly on the outer surface of the membrane filament. The prepared hollow fiber type Janus membrane can be applied in the field of seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.

[0009] The technical scheme of the application is as follows: One of the objects of the application is to provide a preparation method of a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization. The diffusion device is designed to include a membrane assembly, a water pump system, an aqueous phase system, an organic phase system, a pressure control system and an online temperature control system. The hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane is fixed in the middle channel of the diffusion device to form independent spaces on both sides of the membrane. The aqueous phase solution containing amine monomers is circulated and coated on the outer surface of the membrane, and the organic phase solution containing acyl chloride monomers is circulated and flows inside the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane. The flow rate, pressure difference between the two phases and the diffusion interfacial polymerization temperature are regulated. The diffusion interfacial polymerization reaction is carried out on the surface of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane to form a polyamide active separation layer. After drying treatment, the hollow fiber type Janus membrane is obtained.

[0010] Further, the diffusion device includes a membrane assembly 3, an aqueous phase system, an organic phase system, a pressure control system and an online temperature control system; The upper end of the membrane assembly 3 is provided with openings 2 and 4 for the flow of the aqueous phase solution; The aqueous phase system includes a first water pump 5, an aqueous phase inlet pipe 10, an aqueous phase outlet pipe 11 and an aqueous phase tank 12; The organic phase system includes a second water pump 6, an organic phase outlet pipe 7, an organic phase inlet pipe 8 and an organic phase tank 9; The pressure control system comprises pressure sensors 16 and 17; The online temperature control system comprises a hot air blower 1, a computer 13, a temperature controller 14 and a temperature sensor 15. Further, the membrane module 3 comprises a shell, and the inside of the shell forms independent natural circulation channels by the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane itself.

[0011] Further, the left and right sides and the upper end of the membrane module 3 in the diffusion device are respectively provided with water phase system and organic phase system inlets and outlets, and water pumps and pressure sensors are arranged on the connecting pipelines of the two phase systems to control the flow rate of the two phase solutions in the membrane module and the pressure difference between the two phases, and a temperature controller 14 is used to adjust and control the diffusion interface polymerization reaction temperature, so as to accurately control the diffusion of the two phase solutions, so that the water phase solution and the organic phase solution respectively infiltrate the outer surface and the inner surface of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane to perform the diffusion interface polymerization reaction of the oil and water, and in addition, the upper end of the membrane module is provided with an air inlet pipe connected with the hot air blower 1 for drying treatment. Further, the solution flow in the module is powered by water pumps connected with the water phase and organic phase inlets and outlets.

[0012] Further, the water phase and organic phase inlets and outlets are respectively provided with pressure sensors for monitoring the stability of the pressure difference between the two phases.

[0013] Further, the water phase system is connected with the temperature controller 14.

[0014] Further, the water phase system and the membrane module are both provided with temperature insulation layers.

[0015] Further, the pore size of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane is 0.01-0.45 μm, and the material of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane is any one or a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene and polyethersulfone. Further, the concentration of the amine monomer in the water phase solution is 0.1-5 wt%, and the temperature is monitored in real time and is 15-60℃; the amine monomer is any one or a combination of piperazine, m-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, polyethyleneimine and ethylenediamine. Further, the water phase solution is monitored in real time by the computer 13 and the temperature sensor 15.

[0016] Further, the concentration of the acid chloride monomer in the organic phase solution is 0.01-0.5 wt%, and the acid chloride monomer is any one or a combination of trimesoyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride and phthaloyl chloride; the organic phase solvent for dissolving the acid chloride monomer includes but is not limited to any one or a combination of alkane solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents. Further, the alkane solvent is any one of n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane and isooctane.

[0017] Further, the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene or xylene.

[0018] Further, the halogenated hydrocarbon solvent is chloroform or dichloromethane.

[0019] Further, the order of introducing the aqueous phase solution and the organic phase solution is water first and oil later; the pressure of the organic phase solution is greater than that of the aqueous phase solution, and the pressure difference ΔP is controlled within the range of 0.001-0.1 MPa.

[0020] Further, the pressure difference ΔP between the two phases is monitored by the pressure sensors 16 and 17 at the same time, and the ΔP range corresponding to the membrane pore size of 0.1-0.45 μm is 0.01-0.1 MPa; the ΔP range corresponding to the membrane pore size of 0.01-0.45 μm is 0.001-0.1 MPa.

[0021] Further, the reaction temperature is adjusted by the temperature controller 14, so as to control the diffusion behavior of the two-phase monomer solution, and the temperature data are recorded by the temperature sensor 15 in real time and transmitted to the computer 13 to form a temperature change curve for evaluating the temperature stability in the preparation process.

[0022] Further, the first water pump 5 and the second water pump 6 are both peristaltic pumps. The solutions in the aqueous phase system and the organic phase system are circulated on the outer surface and inside of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane by the power provided by the first water pump 5 and the second water pump 6.

[0023] Further, the diffusion interface polymerization reaction time is controlled within the range of 30-300 s, the reaction temperature is controlled within the range of 15-60℃, the first water pump flow rate is controlled within the range of 2-3 cm / s, and the second water pump flow rate is controlled within the range of 3-4 cm / s.

[0024] Further, after the diffusion interface polymerization reaction is completed, the aqueous phase and the organic phase solutions in the membrane assembly are emptied, and the polyamide active separation layer is dried by a hot air blower (1) at 40-60℃ for 5-30 min. The second object of the present application is to provide a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interface polymerization.

[0025] The third object of the present application is to provide an application of the hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interface polymerization in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The preparation method of the hollow fiber type Janus membrane is innovated, instead of simply replacing the reaction monomer or adding the auxiliary agent in the past, but a set of integrated diffusion interfacial polymerization device is designed, and the monomer diffusion behavior at the reaction interface is precisely and actively controlled for the first time. The method effectively guides the ordered and uniform polymerization reaction of amine and acyl chloride monomers on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane by precisely controlling the organic phase pressure slightly higher than the water phase and assisting with the online temperature control system to adjust the reaction kinetics in real time. The addition sequence of "water first and oil later" and the micro-pressure difference environment fundamentally avoid the defects caused by the impact of the organic phase solvent on the membrane hole or the too fast reaction, and ensure that the formed polyamide active separation layer is complete and dense.

[0027] 2. The hollow fiber type Janus membrane prepared by the innovative method of the application has excellent comprehensive performance due to its own structure. The membrane combines the heterogeneous structure advantages of "hydrophilic separation layer" and "hydrophobic support layer": the dense and defect-free polyamide layer on the surface can firmly combine water molecules to form an effective hydration barrier, which significantly improves the anti-pollution performance of the membrane and can block the adsorption of pollutants such as oil and protein on the surface; and the lower layer of the hydrophobic base membrane retains the hydrophobicity to provide anti-wetting protection to prevent the membrane hole from being penetrated and invalid. The synergistic effect of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic Janus structure enables the membrane to maintain high mechanical strength and stability while realizing the unification of anti-pollution and anti-wetting. In addition, the ultra-thin and complete active layer greatly reduces the mass transfer resistance on the premise of ensuring high salt retention rate, laying a structural foundation for the high flux characteristics of the membrane.

[0028] 3. The hollow fiber type Janus membrane has great potential and significant advantages in water treatment environment, its excellent anti-wetting property enables it to stably treat industrial wastewater or seawater containing surfactants, greatly prolongs the service life of the membrane in processes such as membrane distillation, reduces the frequency of component replacement and cost caused by wetting. At the same time, its excellent anti-pollution property can slow down the flux decay during operation, reduce the dependence on frequent chemical cleaning, thereby effectively reducing the operation and maintenance energy consumption and cost, and improving the continuity and stability of the treatment process. The hollow fiber type Janus membrane prepared by the application is particularly suitable for high-salt wastewater concentration, zero-emission systems and seawater desalination fields, and can meet the core needs of the market for high-flux, low-energy-consumption and long-life membrane products. The preparation method of the application has good repeatability, strong controllability and easy scalability, and provides a reference technical path for promoting the development and industrial application of the next generation of energy-saving and efficient water treatment technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The diffusion interfacial polymerization process schematic diagram in the preparation method of the hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The configuration diagram of the diffusion device in the preparation method of the hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interface polymerization of the present application is shown in the figure: 1 - hot air blower; 2, 4 - opening; 3 - membrane module; 5 - first water pump; 6 - second water pump; 7 - organic phase outlet pipe; 8 - organic phase inlet pipe; 9 - organic phase tank; 10 - water phase inlet pipe; 11 - water phase outlet pipe; 12 - water phase tank; 13 - computer; 14 - temperature controller; 15 - temperature sensor; 16, 17 - pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application is further described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, and the endpoints of the ranges of the disclosed subject matter and any values that are recited herein are not to be construed as being limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, they are intended to cover values approximately around the recited value within accepted variations. For numerical ranges, the endpoints of each range are included within the range, and the endpoints of each range are independently combinable with each of the other ranges to form new ranges. These new ranges are to be considered as part of the disclosed subject matter. The experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods, and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions, unless otherwise specified.

[0031] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples can be obtained commercially, unless otherwise specified.

[0032] Example 1 The present embodiment provides a preparation method of a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interface polymerization, comprising the following steps: 1) Fix the polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane in the middle channel of the diffusion device, pass the water phase solution at 38°C after heating into the cavity of the middle channel at a flow rate of 2.5 cm / s by the first water pump, and the water phase solution is a m-phenylenediamine solution with a concentration of 2.6 wt%; 2) Pass the organic phase solution into the inside of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane by the second water pump at a flow rate of 3 cm / s, and the organic phase solution is a triformylphloroglucinol solution dissolved in n-hexane with a concentration of 0.28 wt%; 3) Control the pressure of the organic phase solution > the pressure of the water phase solution, so that the pressure difference ΔP is controlled at 0.05 Mpa, and carry out the diffusion interface polymerization reaction at 35°C for 165 s to form a polymer active separation layer; 4) Dry the polymer active separation layer at 50°C by the hot air blower for 17 min to obtain the hollow fiber type Janus membrane.

[0033] Example 2 The present embodiment provides a preparation method of a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interface polymerization, comprising the following steps: 1) The hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane of polyvinylidene fluoride is fixed in the middle channel of the diffusion device, and the water phase solution of 15℃ after heating is passed into the chamber of the middle channel by the first water pump at a flow rate of 2cm / s, and the water phase solution is o-phenylenediamine solution with a concentration of 0.1wt%; 2) The organic phase solution is passed into the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane by the second water pump at a flow rate of 3.5cm / s, and the organic phase solution is isophthaloyl chloride solution dissolved in toluene with a concentration of 0.01wt%; 3) The pressure of the organic phase solution is regulated to be greater than the pressure of the water phase solution, so that the pressure difference ΔP is controlled at 0.001Mpa, and the diffusion interfacial polymerization reaction is carried out at 15℃ for 300s to form a polymer active separation layer; 4) The polymer active separation layer is dried by a hot air machine at 40℃ for 30 min to prepare the hollow fiber type Janus membrane.

[0034] Example 3 The embodiment provides a hollow fiber type Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: 1) The hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane of polypropylene is fixed in the middle channel of the diffusion device, and the water phase solution of 60℃ after heating is passed into the chamber of the middle channel by the first water pump at a flow rate of 3cm / s, and the water phase solution is m-phenylenediamine solution with a concentration of 5wt%; 2) The organic phase solution is passed into the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane by the second water pump at a flow rate of 4cm / s, and the organic phase solution is o-phthaloyl chloride solution dissolved in chloroform with a concentration of 0.5wt%; 3) The pressure of the organic phase solution is regulated to be greater than the pressure of the water phase solution, so that the pressure difference ΔP is controlled at 0.1Mpa, and the diffusion interfacial polymerization reaction is carried out at 60℃ for 30s to form a polymer active separation layer; 4) The polymer active separation layer is dried by a hot air machine at 60℃ for 5 min to prepare the hollow fiber type Janus membrane.

[0035] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent range of the present application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the present application specification, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection range of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization, characterized in that, The design includes a diffusion device comprising a membrane module, a pump system, an aqueous phase system, an organic phase system, a pressure control system, and an online temperature control system. A hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane is fixed in the middle channel of the diffusion device, forming independent spaces on the inner and outer sides of the membrane. An aqueous solution containing amine monomers is circulated and cast onto the outer surface of the membrane, while an organic phase solution containing acyl chloride monomers circulates within the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane. The flow rate, the pressure difference between the two phases, and the diffusion interface polymerization temperature are controlled to induce a diffusion interface polymerization reaction on the surface of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane, forming a polyamide active separation layer. After drying, the hollow fiber Janus membrane is obtained.

2. The method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion device includes a membrane module (3), an aqueous phase system, an organic phase system, a pressure control system, and an online temperature control system; The membrane module (3) has openings (2) and (4) at its upper end for the flow of aqueous solution; The water phase system includes a first water pump (5), a water phase inlet pipe (10), a water phase outlet pipe (11), and a water phase tank (12). The organic phase system includes a second water pump (6), an organic phase outlet pipe (7), an organic phase inlet pipe (8), and an organic phase tank (9); The pressure control system includes pressure sensors (16) and (17). The online temperature control system includes a hot air blower (1), a computer (13), a temperature controller (14), and a temperature sensor (15).

3. The method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion device has an inlet and outlet for an aqueous phase system and an organic phase system on the left and right sides and the top of the membrane module (3), respectively. A water pump and a pressure sensor are installed on the connecting pipes of the two phase systems to control the flow rate of the two phase solutions in the membrane module and the pressure difference between the two phases. At the same time, a temperature controller is used to regulate the polymerization reaction temperature at the diffusion interface, and to precisely control the diffusion of the two phase solutions so that the aqueous phase solution and the organic phase solution respectively wet the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane to carry out the diffusion interface polymerization reaction of oil and water. In addition, an air inlet pipe is opened at the top of the membrane module and a hot air blower (1) is connected to it for drying.

4. The method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane has a pore size of 0.01~0.45μm; the hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane is made of any one or more combinations of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, and polyethersulfone.

5. The method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of amine monomers in the aqueous solution is 0.1-5 wt%, and the temperature is monitored in real time as 15-60°C; the amine monomers are any one or more combinations of piperazine, m-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, polyethyleneimine, ethylenediamine, and triethylenetetramine.

6. The method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of acyl chloride monomers in the organic phase solution is 0.01~0.5wt%; the acyl chloride monomers are any one or more combinations of pyromellitic trimethylolpropionate chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, and phthaloyl chloride; the organic phase solvents used to dissolve the acyl chloride monomers include, but are not limited to, any one or more combinations of alkane solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents.

7. The method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aqueous and organic phase solutions are introduced in the order of water first, then oil; the pressure of the organic phase solution is greater than that of the aqueous phase solution, and the pressure difference ΔP is controlled within the range of 0.001~0.1MPa.

8. The method for preparing a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion interface polymerization reaction time was controlled to be 30~300s, the reaction temperature was 15~60℃, the flow rate of the first water pump was 2~3cm / s, the flow rate of the second water pump was 3~4cm / s, after the diffusion interface polymerization was completed, the aqueous phase and organic phase solutions in the membrane module were drained, and the polyamide active separation layer was dried at 40~60℃ for 5~30min using a hot air blower (1).

9. A hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The application of a hollow fiber Janus membrane based on diffusion interfacial polymerization prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.

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