Preparation method of polymer super-hydrophobic surface and product

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of material surface modification, and particularly discloses a preparation method and a product of a polymer super-hydrophobic surface, and the method forms the polymer super-hydrophobic surface which has graded roughness and contains low-surface-energy nano-particles through two times of hot stamping processes by utilizing the synergistic effect of secondary embedding of a metal net template and nano-particles. The static water contact angle of the obtained super-hydrophobic surface is larger than or equal to 156 degrees, the rolling angle is smaller than or equal to 5 degrees, the mechanical durability is excellent, and the contact angle attenuation rate lt after the super-hydrophobic surface is abraded by 600 # abrasive paper 500 times is achieved; the chemical performance is stable, and the self-cleaning performance, the anti-icing performance and the anti-fouling performance are achieved at the same time. The method is simple in process, low in cost and suitable for industrial production, and can be widely applied to the fields of bathroom equipment, anti-icing materials and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of material surface modification, and specifically discloses a method for preparing a polymer superhydrophobic surface and the product thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Superhydrophobic surfaces, with their static water contact angle greater than 150° and roll-off angle less than 10°, exhibit enormous application potential in fields such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and biomedicine. Their core principle lies in the synergistic effect of surface micro / nano structures and low surface energy materials. The micro-rough structure traps air to form an air film, reducing the contact area between the liquid and solid, while the low surface energy material reduces the adhesion between the liquid and the surface, making water droplets easier to roll off.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream technologies for preparing polymer superhydrophobic surfaces mainly include: template method, etching method, phase separation method, electrospinning method, sol-gel method, etc. However, these methods generally face the following bottlenecks during industrial scale-up: 1. Complex process and high cost: Laser etching and deep silicon etching require expensive equipment and have low processing speed (<100cm² / min), making it difficult to meet the large-area requirements of bathroom fixtures, automotive interiors, etc.; Sol-gel method requires high-temperature sintering or long-term aging, which has high energy consumption and long process; Electrospinning can build nanofiber networks, but the production efficiency is low, the fiber layer has weak bonding force with the substrate, and poor mechanical durability.

[0004] 2. The microstructure is easily damaged and has poor durability: The roughness of a single micron structure or a relatively fragile nano-coating will decrease sharply after sandpaper abrasion, tape peeling or water erosion, causing the static water contact angle to decrease rapidly from >150° to <130°, thus losing its superhydrophobic properties.

[0005] 3. Short mold life and difficult demolding: Traditional template imprinting uses silicon-based micropillar arrays or anodized aluminum templates, which are costly and require external force to peel off during demolding. This can easily cause micropillars to break or polymers to stick to the mold, resulting in a reduced yield.

[0006] 4. Limited material system: Most current research on preparation technology is limited to rigid substrates such as silicon wafers and glass, which are not adaptable to thermoplastic polymers (PE, PP, PC, PA6, etc.) and are difficult to process uniformly on complex curved surfaces (curved surfaces of toilet seats, rims of washbasins).

[0007] 5. Poor controllability: Chemical etching uses strong acid or strong alkali solutions to corrode the polymer surface to form roughness, but the process is heavily polluted, the structure is poorly controllable, and it damages the mechanical properties of the material itself; Phase separation relies on solvent evaporation to induce phase change to form a porous structure, but the pore distribution is random, the hydrophobicity is not repeatable, and it is difficult to accurately control the roughness level.

[0008] Patent CN101851069A, entitled "A Method for Preparing a Polymer Superhydrophobic Surface Using a Screen Template," specifically discloses a method of hot-pressing a metal wire or high-temperature resistant plastic wire screen of a specific mesh size onto the polymer surface in a viscous flow state, followed by peeling off the screen at a temperature below the viscous flow temperature. This replicates micron-sized pits or protrusions on the polymer surface, thereby obtaining superhydrophobic properties. However, the single micron-sized structure obtained by this method is difficult to maintain stable superhydrophobic properties. Patent CN117584470A, entitled "A Processing Method for a Polymer Superhydrophobic Surface," specifically discloses a photocuring-based method for processing polymer superhydrophobic surfaces. This method involves designing a micropillar array pattern on a chrome-plated glass plate, combined with gelatin filling and diffuse ultraviolet light curing, to form a mushroom-shaped superhydrophobic structure on the top of the micropillars. This method relies on precision photolithography equipment and a multi-step, relatively complex process, and does not involve surface mechanical durability enhancement design. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies for preparing polymer superhydrophobic surfaces, this invention provides a method and product for preparing polymer superhydrophobic surfaces, thereby obtaining polymer superhydrophobic surfaces with excellent mechanical properties and stable graded roughness.

[0010] To achieve this objective, the following solution is provided: This invention provides a method for preparing a polymer superhydrophobic surface, comprising the following steps: (1) Substrate pretreatment: The polymer substrate and stainless steel mesh are ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 10 min, dried at 60℃, and then uniformly sprayed with 200 fluorine-based release agent. (2) One-time hot pressing: The treated polymer substrate and stainless steel mesh are stacked and hot pressed to form a micron-level raised structure surface; (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Hydrophobic nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone are dispersed in ethanol and ultrasonically treated to form a uniform dispersion; (4) Secondary hot pressing: The obtained dispersion is coated on the surface of the micron-level protruding structure, dried and then hot pressed to embed the nanoparticles into the polymer and form a graded roughness superhydrophobic surface.

[0011] Preferably, the stainless steel mesh in step (1) has a mesh count of 100 to 800; the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer selected from at least one of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), and nylon (PA6).

[0012] Preferably, the parameters for the first hot stamping in step (2) are: pressure 6~10 MPa, temperature 120~200℃, and time 0~3s.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrophobic nanoparticles in step (3) are selected from one or more of PTFE, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3; the concentration of nanoparticles in the dispersion is 5~20 mg / mL.

[0014] Preferably, the secondary hot pressing parameters in step (4) are: pressure 100~400 kPa, temperature 120~170℃, and time 0~5 s.

[0015] This invention provides a polymer superhydrophobic surface prepared according to the above preparation method.

[0016] Preferably, the polymer superhydrophobic surface has a hierarchical rough structure composed of micron-sized protrusions and embedded nanoparticles.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for using polymer superhydrophobic surfaces to manufacture bathroom fixture surfaces, including toilet seats, sinks, or bathroom tissue boxes.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes a stainless steel mesh to form a micron-scale protruding structure through a single hot-pressing process. This is followed by coating with a nano-dispersion liquid and a second low-temperature hot-pressing process, allowing hydrophobic nanoparticles to deeply embed into a polymer matrix. This constructs a micron-nano graded rough surface, where the gaps between the nanoparticles form an "air cushion" and impart low surface energy to the material. This graded rough structure, after uniform spraying with a fluorinated release agent, exhibits synergistic effects, significantly reducing surface energy while enhancing air film stability. This achieves superhydrophobic properties with a contact angle ≥156° and a roll-off angle ≤5°, greatly solving the industry problem of excessively high roll-off angles (>25°) for single micron-scale structures.

[0019] 2. The nanoparticles in this invention are "anchored" inside the polymer matrix through secondary hot pressing, rather than simply adhering to the surface. This significantly improves their wear resistance. After 500 cycles of wear with 200 g load of 600# sandpaper, the contact angle attenuation rate is less than 10%. The lifespan is improved compared to the traditional screen template method, meeting the needs of bathroom equipment that requires high-frequency friction and achieving a breakthrough in mechanical durability.

[0020] 3. The process of this invention uses inexpensive stainless steel mesh instead of precision molds. The total time for two hot pressing operations is less than 10 seconds. It eliminates the need for complex processes such as photolithography, plasma treatment, or gelatin filling, resulting in low production costs, minimal equipment requirements, and no harm to humans or the environment. This preparation method is compatible with general-purpose plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon. The surface morphology can be precisely controlled by adjusting the mesh count of the stainless steel mesh and the concentration of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the embedding of composite nanoparticles can expand the anti-fouling and antibacterial functions, providing novel solutions for medical devices and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 Microscopic image of PP with rough microscopic surface morphology after a single hot pressing process as described in Example 1; Figure 2 The image shows a SEM image of the PP surface after secondary hot pressing of the nanoparticles as described in Example 1. Figure 3 The image shows the static contact angle (CA) of a water droplet on the superhydrophobic surface of the PP surface described in Example 1. Figure 4 The image shows the change in contact angle of the superhydrophobic PP surface obtained after 500 sandpaper rubbing cycles as described in Example 1. Figure 5 The image shows the static contact angle (CA) of water droplets on the superhydrophobic surface of the PP surface described in Example 2. Figure 6 The image shows the static contact angle (CA) of a water droplet on the superhydrophobic surface of the PP surface described in Example 3. Figure 7 The image shows the static contact angle (CA) of water droplets on the superhydrophobic surface of the PE surface described in Example 4. Figure 8 The static contact angle (CA) image of a water droplet on the superhydrophobic surface of the PA6 surface described in Example 5 is obtained. Figure 9 This is a static contact angle (CA) image of water droplets on the PP surface of the composite nanoparticles described in Example 6; Detailed Implementation The present invention will be further described below with reference to preferred embodiments. The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values. These ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be regarded as specifically disclosed herein.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods, performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or in accordance with the product instructions.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface of polypropylene (PP), which specifically includes the following steps: (1) Substrate pretreatment: The polymer substrate is PP board. The PP board (1 mm thick, melting point 164~170℃) and the 500 mesh stainless steel metal mesh (approximately 25 μm aperture) are ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 10 min to remove surface oil and impurities. They are then placed in a 60℃ drying oven for 30 min to dry. Fluorine release agent is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the PP substrate and the stainless steel metal mesh using a spray gun and left to stand at room temperature for 3 min. (2) One-time hot pressing: Align the PP substrate (lower layer) with the stainless steel mesh (upper layer) and place it on the hot press machine table; set the hot pressing parameters: temperature 180℃, pressure 8 MPa, holding time 1 s to start the hot pressing program, and demold after cooling to 60℃ to obtain a PP surface with micron-level raised structure (raised height about 30 μm). (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Weigh 0.5 g of nano-silica (SiO2, particle size 7~40 nm) and 0.01 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); add the above powder to 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stir magnetically for 10 min, transfer to an ultrasonic cleaner, and sonicate for 30 min to form a uniform dispersion (concentration 10 mg / mL). (4) Secondary hot pressing: Use a 300 μL micropipette to draw up the dispersion and coat it evenly on the PP micron structure surface after the first pressing. Place the sample in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 60℃ for 10 min to remove the solvent. Place the dried sample into a hot press and set the parameters: temperature 130℃, pressure 200 kPa, holding time 3 s. After cooling, the PP@SiO2 superhydrophobic surface is obtained.

[0025] The PP surface with micron-level protrusions prepared in this embodiment has the following morphology: Figure 1 As shown; the specific morphology of the PP@SiO2 superhydrophobic surface finally prepared after secondary hot pressing is as follows. Figure 2 As shown; Figure 3 As shown in the specific morphology, the static water contact angle of the PP@SiO2 superhydrophobic surface is 161°, and the roll-off angle is 3°. After 500 abrasions with 600# sandpaper, the contact angle remains at 152°. For details on the contact angle changes, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown.

[0026] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface of polypropylene (PP), which specifically includes the following steps: (1) In this embodiment, the method of substrate pretreatment is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 above, and will not be repeated here; (2) In this embodiment, the method of one-time hot stamping is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 above, and will not be repeated here; (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Weigh 0.5 g of nano-silica (SiO2, particle size 7~40 nm) and 0.01 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); add the above powder to 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stir magnetically for 10 min, transfer to an ultrasonic cleaner, and sonicate for 30 min to form a uniform dispersion (concentration 5 mg / mL). (4) Secondary hot embossing: Use a 300 μL micropipette to draw up the dispersion and coat it evenly on the PP micron structure surface after the first embossing. Place the sample in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 60℃ for 10 min to remove the solvent. Place the dried sample into a hot press and set the parameters: temperature 120℃, pressure 200 kPa, and holding time 3 s. After cooling, a PP@SiO2 superhydrophobic surface is obtained.

[0027] In this embodiment, the PP@SiO2 superhydrophobic surface finally prepared after secondary hot pressing has a static water contact angle of 156° and a roll-off angle of 4°. The specific morphology is shown in the figure below. Figure 5 As shown, the contact angle remains at 151° after 500 abrasions with 600# sandpaper.

[0028] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface of polypropylene (PP), which specifically includes the following steps: (1) Substrate pretreatment: PP sheet (thickness 1 mm, melting point 164~170℃) and 100 mesh (pore size about 150 μm) stainless steel mesh are ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 10 min to remove surface oil and impurities. They are then placed in a 60℃ drying oven for 30 min to dry. Fluorine release agent is evenly sprayed on the surface of PP substrate and stainless steel mesh using a spray gun and left to stand at room temperature for 3 min. (2) In this embodiment, the method of one-time hot stamping is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 above, and will not be repeated here; (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Weigh 0.5 g of nano-silica (SiO2, particle size 7~40 nm) and 0.01 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); add the above powder to 25 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stir magnetically for 10 min, transfer to an ultrasonic cleaner, and sonicate for 30 min to form a uniform dispersion (concentration 20 mg / mL). (4) Secondary hot embossing: Use a 300 μL micropipette to draw up the dispersion and coat it evenly on the PP micron structure surface after the first embossing. Place the sample in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 60℃ for 10 min to remove the solvent. Place the dried sample into a hot press and set the parameters: temperature 150℃, pressure 100 kPa, and holding time 3 s. After cooling, the PP@SiO2 superhydrophobic surface is obtained.

[0029] In this embodiment, the PP@SiO2 superhydrophobic surface finally prepared after secondary hot pressing has a static water contact angle of 158° and a roll-off angle of 3°. The specific morphology is shown in the figure below. Figure 6 As shown, the contact angle remains at 152° after 500 abrasions with 600# sandpaper.

[0030] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface of polyethylene (PE), which specifically includes the following steps: (1) Substrate pretreatment: The PE sheet (melting point 120~130℃) and the 300 mesh stainless steel mesh (pore size about 50 μm) were ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 10 min to remove surface oil and impurities. They were then placed in a 60℃ drying oven for 30 min to dry. Fluorine release agent was evenly sprayed onto the PP substrate and the stainless steel mesh surface using a spray gun and left to stand at room temperature for 3 min. (2) One-time hot pressing: Align the PE substrate with the stainless steel mesh and place it on the hot press workbench; set the hot pressing parameters: temperature 150℃, pressure 6 MPa, holding time 2 s to start the hot pressing program, and demold after cooling to 60℃ to obtain a PE surface with micron-level raised structure (raised height about 40 μm). (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Weigh 0.5 g of polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles (PTFE, particle size 100-200 nm) and 0.01 g of PVP, add the above powder to 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stir magnetically for 10 min, transfer to an ultrasonic cleaner, and sonicate for 30 min to form a uniform dispersion (concentration 10 mg / mL). (4) Secondary hot embossing: Use a 300 μL micropipette to draw up the dispersion and coat it evenly on the PE micron structure surface after the first embossing. Place the sample in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 60℃ for 10 min to remove the solvent. Place the dried sample into a hot press and set the parameters: temperature 140℃, pressure 150 kPa, and holding time 5 s. After cooling, the PE@PTFE superhydrophobic surface is obtained.

[0031] In this embodiment, the PE@PTFE superhydrophobic surface finally prepared after secondary hot pressing has a static water contact angle of 158° and a roll-off angle of 5°. The specific morphology is shown in the figure below. Figure 7 As shown, the contact angle remains at 150° after being abraded 500 times with 600# sandpaper.

[0032] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface of nylon (PA6), which specifically includes the following steps: (1) Substrate pretreatment: PA6 sheet and 400 mesh stainless steel mesh (approximately 38 μm aperture) were ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 10 min to remove surface oil and impurities. They were then placed in a 60℃ drying oven for 30 min to dry. Fluorine release agent was evenly sprayed onto the PP substrate and stainless steel mesh surface using a spray gun and allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 min. (2) One-time hot pressing: Align the PA6 substrate with the stainless steel mesh and place it on the hot press workbench; set the hot pressing parameters: temperature 160℃, pressure 12 MPa, holding time 2 s. Start the hot pressing program and demold after cooling to 60℃ to obtain a PA6 surface with micron-level raised structure (raised height about 28 μm). (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Weigh 0.5 g of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3, particle size 50 nm) and 0.01 g of PVP, add the above powder to 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stir magnetically for 10 min, transfer to an ultrasonic cleaner, and sonicate for 30 min to form a uniform dispersion (concentration 10 mg / mL). (4) Secondary hot embossing: The dispersion was taken with a 300 μL micropipette and uniformly coated on the PE micron structure surface after the first embossing. The sample was placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 60℃ for 10 min to remove the solvent. The dried sample was then placed in a hot press and the parameters were set as follows: temperature 160℃, pressure 250 kPa, and holding time 4 s. After cooling, a PA6@Al2O3 superhydrophobic surface was obtained.

[0033] In this embodiment, the final PA6@Al2O3 superhydrophobic surface prepared after secondary hot pressing has a static water contact angle of 156° and a roll-off angle of 4°. The specific morphology is shown in the figure below. Figure 8 As shown, the contact angle remains at 152° after 500 abrasions with 600# sandpaper.

[0034] Example 6 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface of composite nanoparticles, specifically including the following steps: (1) Substrate pretreatment: The PP sheet and the 800-mesh stainless steel mesh (approximately 15 μm aperture) were ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 10 min to remove surface oil and impurities. They were then placed in a 60℃ drying oven for 30 min to dry. Fluorine-based release agent was evenly sprayed onto the surface of the PP substrate and the stainless steel mesh using a spray gun and allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 min. (2) One-time hot pressing: Align the PP substrate with the stainless steel mesh and place it on the hot press workbench; set the hot pressing parameters: temperature 170℃, pressure 10 MPa, holding time 3 s. Start the hot pressing program and demold after cooling to 60℃ to obtain a PP surface with micron-level raised structure (raised height about 35 μm). (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Weigh 0.3 g SiO2 nanoparticles and 0.2 g TiO2 nanoparticles (particle size 20~50nm) and 0.01 g PVP, add the above powders to 50 mL anhydrous ethanol, stir magnetically for 10 min, transfer to an ultrasonic cleaner, and sonicate for 30 min to form a uniform dispersion (concentration 10 mg / mL). (4) Secondary hot pressing: Use a 300 μL micropipette to draw up the dispersion and coat it evenly on the PE micron structure surface after the first pressing. Place the sample in a vacuum drying oven and dry at 60℃ for 10 min to remove the solvent. Place the dried sample into a hot press and set the parameters: temperature 170℃, pressure 400 kPa, holding time 1 s. After cooling, the PP@SiO2 / TiO2 superhydrophobic surface is obtained.

[0035] In this embodiment, the PP@SiO2 / TiO2 superhydrophobic surface finally prepared after secondary hot pressing has a static water contact angle of 159° and a roll-off angle of 2°. The specific morphology is shown in the figure below. Figure 9 As shown, the contact angle remains at 155° after 500 abrasions with 600# sandpaper.

[0036] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a single micron-structured surface without nanoparticles, the steps of which are as follows: In this comparative example, the method for preparing the PP surface with micron-level protrusion structure is the same as steps (1)-(2) of Example 1 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0037] This comparative example directly skips the secondary hot-pressing step to construct a single micron-structured surface without nanoparticles, and directly tests its performance. The results show that the static water contact angle of this single micron-structured surface is 150°, and the roll-off angle is 25°. After 50 abrasions with sandpaper, the contact angle drops to 90°, and the superhydrophobicity is lost. The comparison demonstrates that nanoparticle embedding plays a key role in mechanical durability.

[0038] Those skilled in the art can prepare a thermoplastic polymer PC and ZnO, ZrO2, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles individually or in any proportion according to the preparation methods described in Examples 1-6. The resulting ethanol dispersion is prepared at a concentration of 5-20 mg / mL and then embedded into the polymer surface via a secondary hot-pressing process. The resulting surface exhibits a static water contact angle ≥156°, a roll-off angle ≤5°, and a contact angle attenuation rate <10% after 500 cycles of rubbing with 200 g of 600# sandpaper, indicating that ZnO, ZrO2, Fe2O3, and their composite systems can all achieve the superhydrophobic properties described in this invention.

[0039] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a polymer superhydrophobic surface, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Substrate pretreatment: The polymer substrate and stainless steel mesh are ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, dried and then uniformly sprayed with fluorine-based release agent. (2) One-time hot pressing: The treated polymer substrate and stainless steel mesh are stacked and hot pressed to form a micron-level raised structure surface; (3) Preparation of nano-dispersion: Hydrophobic nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone are dispersed in ethanol and ultrasonically treated to form a uniform dispersion; (4) Secondary hot pressing: The obtained dispersion is coated on the surface of the micron-level protruding structure, dried and then hot pressed to embed the nanoparticles into the polymer and form a graded roughness superhydrophobic surface.

2. The method for preparing a polymer superhydrophobic surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stainless steel mesh in step (1) has a mesh count of 100 to 800; the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer selected from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and nylon.

3. The method for preparing a polymer superhydrophobic surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters for one hot stamping step (2) are: pressure 6~12 MPa, temperature 150~180℃, and time 1~3 s.

4. The method for preparing a polymer superhydrophobic surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophobic nanoparticles in step (3) are selected from one or more of PTFE, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3; the concentration of nanoparticles in the dispersion is 5~20 mg / mL.

5. The method for preparing a polymer superhydrophobic surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters for the second hot pressing in step (4) are: pressure 100~400 kPa, temperature 120~170℃, and time 1~5 s.

6. A polymer superhydrophobic surface prepared by any one of claims 1-5.

7. The polymer superhydrophobic surface as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Its surface has a hierarchical rough structure composed of micron-sized protrusions and embedded nanoparticles.

8. The polymer superhydrophobic surface as described in claim 6 is used to manufacture the surface of bathroom equipment.

Images