Port oil spilling sewage treatment method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a port oil spilling sewage treatment method and device, and relates to the technical field of port sewage treatment. The method comprises the following steps: gathering dispersed oil drops in sewage through an acoustic standing wave field to form an oil drop aggregate; injecting a magnetic nano-fluid of which the surface is modified with a bionic coating to form an oil drop-magnetic nano-particle complex; applying a gradient magnetic field to directionally migrate the complex; separating the migration complex from the water phase to obtain oil stain and purified water; and finally, the oil stains are desorbed from the surfaces of the magnetic nano-particles, and the magnetic nano-particles are recovered. According to the method, through the synergistic effect of acoustic aggregation, magnetic adsorption, magnetic field migration and multi-stage separation, efficient separation of oil drops and cyclic utilization of materials are achieved, and the method has the advantages of being high in treatment efficiency, environmentally friendly and low in cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of port wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for treating port oil spill wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of port oil spill wastewater treatment, traditional methods such as gravity separation, flotation, and adsorption have significant limitations. Gravity separation relies on the density difference between oil and water, resulting in low efficiency in treating small, dispersed oil droplets; flotation requires the addition of chemical agents, which can easily cause secondary pollution; while adsorption can remove oil, adsorbent regeneration is difficult and costly. Furthermore, existing technologies struggle to achieve efficient aggregation and rapid separation of dispersed oil droplets, leading to time-consuming treatment processes and low resource recovery rates.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient, environmentally friendly, and recyclable method for treating port oil spills that can effectively aggregate and disperse oil droplets, achieve rapid oil-water separation, and recycle treatment materials, in order to solve the problems of inefficiency and cost in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, the first aspect of this invention proposes a method for treating port oil spill wastewater, comprising: S1: Based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated through an acoustic standing wave structure, causing the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates; S2: Magnetic nanofluid is injected through the dosing structure. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with biomimetic coatings on their surfaces. The magnetic nanoparticles adsorb onto the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. S3: By applying a gradient magnetic field through a magnetic field structure, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is directionally moved under the action of magnetic force to obtain a migration composite; S4: The migrating complex is separated from the aqueous phase by a collection structure to obtain separated oil and purified water; S5: Oil is desorbed from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through a desorption structure, and the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are recovered.

[0005] In some implementations, S1 includes: S11: Based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, the electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters of the signal generator are set through the control unit; S12: Based on the set electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters, output an electrical signal with corresponding frequency and amplitude through a signal generator; S13: Based on the output electrical signal, the electrical signal is converted into mechanical vibration of the same frequency through a piezoelectric transducer; S14: Based on mechanical vibration, ultrasonic waves are generated in the medium by excitation through a piezoelectric transducer; S15: Based on the generated ultrasonic waves, the sound waves are reflected by an acoustic reflector to form an acoustic standing wave field, causing the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to move towards the node position and aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates.

[0006] In some implementations, S2 includes: S21: Provides a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid, which consists of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on their surface dispersed in a base fluid; S22: Magnetic nanofluid is injected into wastewater containing oil droplet aggregates using a metering pump at a set flow rate ratio; S23: Based on the mixture of injected magnetic nanofluid and oil droplet aggregates, the mixture is stirred by a stirring structure to allow the magnetic nanoparticles to fully contact and adsorb the oil droplets, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite.

[0007] In some implementations, the preparation of the magnetic nanofluid in S21 includes: S211: Provides magnetic nanoparticles; S212: A biomimetic coating is applied to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process. The biomimetic coating is a polymer coating with temperature-responsive and pH-responsive characteristics. S213: Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in a base liquid carrier using a dispersion device to obtain magnetic nanofluid.

[0008] In some implementations, the preparation of the biomimetic coating in S212 includes: S2121: Provides natural biological mucus as a biomimetic synthetic template to synthesize a three-dimensional polymer network with temperature-responsive and pH-responsive properties; S2122: Dissolve the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution; S2123: Magnetic nanoparticles are immersed in a polymer solution, and a biomimetic coating with a nanometer thickness is formed on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through interfacial self-assembly.

[0009] In some implementations, the adsorption of oil droplets by the magnetic nanoparticles in S23 includes: S231: During the mixing process, monitor the temperature of the port oil spill wastewater. When the temperature is lower than the critical dissolution temperature of the biomimetic coating, the biomimetic coating will be in a sol state. S232: Based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segments in its molecular chain extend and selectively recognize and bind to the alkane structure in the oil droplet molecule. S233: Based on selective binding, oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the interior of the extended biomimetic coating to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite.

[0010] In some implementations, S3 includes: S31: An initial magnetic field is generated by an energized electromagnetic coil; S32: Based on the initial magnetic field, the intensity distribution of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, thus forming a gradient magnetic field; S33: Based on a gradient magnetic field, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is subjected to magnetic force and migrates directionally along the magnetic field gradient direction to obtain a migrated composite.

[0011] In some implementations, S5 includes: S51: The oil containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated by the heating unit, which reduces the viscosity of the oil and causes it to desorb from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. S52: Based on the mixture of oil phase and magnetic nanoparticles formed after desorption, the magnetic nanoparticles are separated from the mixture formed after desorption by applying a magnetic field through a magnetic field separation unit. S53: The separated magnetic nanoparticles are cleaned with cleaning fluid through the cleaning unit to remove residual oil on the surface and obtain regenerated magnetic nanoparticles.

[0012] In some implementations, S5 includes: S54: The oil stain containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated to a first temperature by the heating unit, so that the biomimetic coating exceeds its critical dissolution temperature and undergoes a phase change, changing from a sol state to a gel state, shrinking in volume and squeezing out the captured oil stain; S55: By adding an alkaline regulator to the system through the pH adjustment unit, the pH value of the environment is increased, the biomimetic coating undergoes a hydrophilic transformation, and the desorption of oil stains from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles is promoted. S56: The desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are cooled to a second temperature by the cooling unit, so that the biomimetic coating is restored to the sol state, and regenerated magnetic nanoparticles are obtained.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a port oil spill wastewater treatment device, the device employing the method provided in any of the above embodiments, the device comprising: An acoustic standing wave structure is installed at the inlet of the device to receive the port oil spill wastewater to be treated and generate an acoustic standing wave field, which causes the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates. The injection structure is connected to the outlet of the acoustic standing wave structure for injecting magnetic nanofluid. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, which causes the magnetic nanoparticles to adsorb with the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. A magnetic field structure is set behind the feeding structure to apply a gradient magnetic field, causing the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite to move directionally under the action of the magnetic field force, thus obtaining a migrating composite. A collection structure, connected to the outlet of a magnetic field structure, is used to separate the migrating complex from the aqueous phase, yielding separated oil and purified water. The desorption structure is connected to the oil outlet of the collection structure to desorb oil from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles and recover the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles. The acoustic standing wave structure, the injection structure, the magnetic field structure, the collection structure, and the desorption structure are arranged in series to form a continuous processing flow.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: In S1, based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated through an acoustic standing wave structure, causing dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, resulting in oil droplet aggregates. This significantly improves the aggregation efficiency of tiny oil droplets and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional methods in treating dispersed oil droplets poorly. In S2, a magnetic nanofluid is injected through an addition structure. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on their surface, causing the magnetic nanoparticles to adsorb with the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregates, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite, thereby endowing the oil droplets with magnetic properties and providing a basis for subsequent separation. In S3, a gradient magnetic field is applied through a magnetic field structure, causing the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite to move directionally under the action of magnetic force, resulting in a migration composite. This achieves rapid migration and enrichment of oil droplets, improving the separation speed. In S4, the migration composite is separated from the aqueous phase through a collection structure, obtaining separated oil and purified water, ensuring efficient oil-water separation and avoiding secondary pollution. In S5, oil spills are desorbed from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles via a desorption structure, and the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are then recovered, enabling the recycling of magnetic nanoparticles and reducing treatment costs. Throughout the method, acoustic standing wave aggregation, magnetic nanofluid adsorption, magnetic field-directed movement, collection and separation, and desorption recovery steps are interconnected, synergistically enhancing treatment efficiency, separation accuracy, and resource recovery rate, providing an efficient and sustainable solution for port oil spill wastewater treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic flow chart of a port oil spill wastewater treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a port oil spill wastewater treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a method for treating port oil spill wastewater, comprising: S1: Based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated through an acoustic standing wave structure, causing the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates; S2: Magnetic nanofluid is injected through the dosing structure. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with biomimetic coatings on their surfaces. The magnetic nanoparticles adsorb onto the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. S3: By applying a gradient magnetic field through a magnetic field structure, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is directionally moved under the action of magnetic force to obtain a migration composite; S4: The migrating complex is separated from the aqueous phase by a collection structure to obtain separated oil and purified water; S5: Oil is desorbed from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through a desorption structure, and the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are recovered.

[0021] The port oil spill wastewater treatment method achieves efficient treatment through a series of sequential steps. First, based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated using an acoustic standing wave structure. This field forms stable nodes and antinodes through acoustic wave interference, causing dispersed oil droplets in the wastewater to move towards the nodes and aggregate under the influence of acoustic radiation, thus forming oil droplet aggregates. This process utilizes the propagation characteristics of sound waves in a medium; the acoustic radiation force acts on the oil droplet surface, overcoming the dispersion effect caused by Brownian motion, and promoting the coalescence of tiny oil droplets into larger aggregates, improving the efficiency of subsequent treatment. Next, a magnetic nanofluid containing magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating is injected through a dosing structure. These particles contact the oil droplet aggregates in the wastewater; the special properties of the biomimetic coating allow for selective adsorption of oil droplets, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. The introduction of the magnetic nanoparticles endows the oil droplets with magnetic properties, laying the foundation for magnetic field separation. Then, a gradient magnetic field is applied through a magnetic field structure. This gradient magnetic field, generated by an electromagnetic coil or other magnetic source, varies in strength along a specific direction, causing the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite to be subjected to a non-uniform magnetic field force, moving directionally along the magnetic field gradient to form a migrating composite. This step utilizes the force principle of magnetic materials in a gradient field to achieve rapid enrichment and migration of oil droplets. Subsequently, the migrating composite is separated from the aqueous phase by a collection structure, which may employ sedimentation, filtration, or centrifugation to effectively separate the oil from the purified water, obtaining the separated oil and purified water. Finally, a desorption structure is used to desorb the oil from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles, and the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are recovered. The desorption process may involve physical or chemical methods, such as heating or solvent treatment, to ensure the regeneration and reuse of the magnetic nanoparticles.

[0022] The technical benefits of this method are multifaceted. The application of acoustic standing wave fields significantly improves the aggregation efficiency of dispersed oil droplets, reducing the risk of redispersion during treatment and thus increasing the overall processing speed. The addition of magnetic nanofluids enhances the magnetic responsiveness of oil droplets, enabling rapid capture and directional movement, avoiding the problems of easy saturation and difficult regeneration associated with traditional adsorbents. The application of a gradient magnetic field achieves efficient oil droplet migration, shortening separation time and reducing energy consumption. The design of the collection structure ensures thorough oil-water separation, reducing residual oil and improving the quality of purified water. The introduction of the desorption structure promotes the recycling of magnetic nanoparticles, reducing treatment costs and secondary pollution. The synergistic effect of these steps forms a continuous processing flow: acoustic aggregation provides a pretreatment basis for magnetic adsorption; magnetic adsorption enhances the feasibility of magnetic field migration; magnetic field migration optimizes collection efficiency; collection and separation ensure the feasibility of desorption and recovery; and desorption and recovery achieve sustainable resource utilization. The entire method primarily uses physical means, reducing the use of chemical agents, meeting environmental protection requirements, and is applicable to port oil spill scenarios of different scales, exhibiting high adaptability and scalability.

[0023] Furthermore, the acoustic standing wave field overcomes the surface tension of oil droplets through acoustic radiation, promoting aggregation and directly solving the problem of handling tiny oil droplets. The biomimetic coating of the magnetic nanofluid adsorbs oil droplets through molecular-level interactions, improving adsorption selectivity and capacity, thus enhancing treatment efficiency. The gradient magnetic field utilizes magnetic force for directional control, avoiding the energy consumption and complex operation of mechanical stirring, and improving separation accuracy. The collection structure ensures concentrated removal of oil through a physical separation mechanism, reducing losses during treatment. The desorption structure releases oil under controlled conditions, maintaining the integrity of the magnetic nanoparticles and extending their lifespan. These combined effects make this method superior to traditional technologies in terms of efficiency, cost, and environmental friendliness, providing an innovative solution for port oil spill treatment.

[0024] Acoustic standing wave fields effectively aggregate and disperse oil droplets, increasing their size and concentration, laying the foundation for subsequent treatment. After injection of magnetic nanofluid, the biomimetic coating adsorbs onto the oil droplets, forming a stable complex that enhances their magnetic responsiveness. Applying a gradient magnetic field causes the complex to move directionally, achieving rapid enrichment and migration. The collection structure separates oil and purified water, ensuring the purity of the treatment results. The desorption structure recovers magnetic nanoparticles, reducing resource consumption and operating costs. The entire method, with its interconnected steps, avoids processing interruptions and enhances continuous treatment capabilities. Acoustic aggregation reduces the use of chemical additives, mitigating environmental impact. Magnetic adsorption improves oil droplet capture rate, reducing the risk of omissions. Magnetic field migration optimizes energy utilization and increases processing speed. The collection process simplifies operations and enhances practicality. Desorption and recovery promote material recycling, supporting sustainable development. The synergistic effect of each step enhances overall efficiency, solving the problem of low efficiency in traditional methods. This method is highly adaptable and can treat wastewater with varying oil concentrations, ultimately achieving efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical oil spill wastewater treatment.

[0025] In some implementations, S1 includes: S11: Based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, the electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters of the signal generator are set through the control unit; S12: Based on the set electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters, output an electrical signal with corresponding frequency and amplitude through a signal generator; S13: Based on the output electrical signal, the electrical signal is converted into mechanical vibration of the same frequency through a piezoelectric transducer; S14: Based on mechanical vibration, ultrasonic waves are generated in the medium by excitation through a piezoelectric transducer; S15: Based on the generated ultrasonic waves, the sound waves are reflected by an acoustic reflector to form an acoustic standing wave field, causing the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to move towards the node position and aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates.

[0026] Specifically, firstly, based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, the control unit sets the electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters of the signal generator. The control unit adjusts the parameters according to the characteristics of the wastewater to ensure the optimized generation of the acoustic standing wave field. The selection of the electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters affects the wavelength and intensity of the sound wave, thus determining the magnitude and range of the sound radiation force. Next, based on the set electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters, the signal generator outputs an electrical signal with the corresponding frequency and amplitude. The signal generator converts the digital or analog signal into an electrical output, providing input for subsequent transducers. Then, based on the output electrical signal, a piezoelectric transducer converts the electrical signal into mechanical vibration of the same frequency. The piezoelectric transducer utilizes the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, generating high-frequency vibration. Based on the mechanical vibration, the piezoelectric transducer excites ultrasonic waves in the medium. The ultrasonic waves propagate in the wastewater, forming a sound wave field, the frequency and amplitude of which directly affect the stability of the acoustic standing wave field. Finally, based on the generated ultrasonic waves, the sound waves are reflected by acoustic reflectors to form an acoustic standing wave field. The acoustic reflectors are arranged in specific positions, and the reflected sound waves interfere with the incident waves to form a standing wave mode. This causes the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill to move towards the node position and aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, resulting in oil droplet aggregates.

[0027] The technical benefits of this refinement step lie in improving the controllability and precision of the acoustic standing wave field. The control unit allows for dynamic adjustment of parameters based on actual wastewater conditions, thereby optimizing oil droplet aggregation. The use of a signal generator ensures stable electrical signal output, reduces external interference, and improves treatment consistency. The piezoelectric transducer has high conversion efficiency and can generate high-intensity ultrasonic waves, enhancing the effective range of acoustic radiation. The design of the acoustic reflector promotes the formation of the standing wave field, making oil droplet aggregation more concentrated and efficient. Overall, these steps, through precise control of acoustic parameters, improve the reliability and adaptability of the aggregation process, providing a higher-quality pretreatment foundation for subsequent magnetic adsorption and separation.

[0028] The control unit's parameter settings allow the acoustic standing wave field to adapt to different droplet sizes and concentrations, improving the method's flexibility. The signal generator output ensures accurate acoustic frequency, avoiding energy loss. The piezoelectric transducer's efficient conversion reduces energy consumption while enhancing ultrasonic penetration. The acoustic reflector's reflection optimizes the standing wave mode, making droplet movement more controllable. These effects collectively ensure the efficient operation of the acoustic focusing step, thereby improving the overall efficiency and stability of the process.

[0029] In some implementations, S2 includes: S21: Provides a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid, which consists of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on their surface dispersed in a base fluid; S22: Magnetic nanofluid is injected into wastewater containing oil droplet aggregates using a metering pump at a set flow rate ratio; S23: Based on the mixture of injected magnetic nanofluid and oil droplet aggregates, the mixture is stirred by a stirring structure to allow the magnetic nanoparticles to fully contact and adsorb the oil droplets, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite.

[0030] Specifically, a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid is first provided. This magnetic nanofluid consists of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating dispersed in a base liquid, which may be water or an organic solvent, ensuring uniform suspension and stability of the particles. The biomimetic coating on the magnetic nanoparticles possesses specific chemical properties, enabling selective adsorption of oil droplets. Next, the magnetic nanofluid is injected into wastewater containing oil droplet aggregates using a metering pump at a set flow rate ratio. The metering pump precisely controls the injection volume to avoid over- or under-injection, ensuring adsorption efficiency. The flow rate ratio is adjusted based on the oil concentration of the wastewater and the treatment target to optimize resource utilization. Then, based on the mixture of the injected magnetic nanofluid and oil droplet aggregates, a stirring structure is used for mixing. This stirring structure may employ mechanical or magnetic stirring methods to ensure sufficient contact and adsorption between the magnetic nanoparticles and oil droplets, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. The stirring process promotes collision and bonding between particles and oil droplets, improving the adsorption rate and uniformity.

[0031] The technical benefits of this refinement step lie in improving the dosing precision and adsorption efficiency of the magnetic nanofluid. Pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid ensures particle stability and functionality, reducing the complexity of on-site preparation. Precise control of the metering pump avoids fluid waste and optimizes the economy of the adsorption process. Stirring and mixing enhance contact opportunities, leading to more thorough adsorption and thus improving the quality of the formed composite. Overall, these steps, through controlled dosing and mixing, improve the reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic adsorption process, laying a solid foundation for subsequent magnetic field migration.

[0032] The pre-preparation of magnetic nanofluids ensures uniform particle dispersion and coating integrity, thereby enhancing adsorption capacity. Metered pump flow control adapts the injection volume to variations in wastewater, avoiding the cost issues associated with over-dosing. The stirring structure promotes fluid mixing, reduces adsorption dead zones, and ensures comprehensive coverage. These effects collectively enhance the efficiency of the S2 step, resulting in more stable and uniform formation of the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite, supporting the consistency of the overall treatment process.

[0033] In some implementations, the preparation of the magnetic nanofluid in S21 includes: S211: Provides magnetic nanoparticles; S212: A biomimetic coating is applied to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process. The biomimetic coating is a polymer coating with temperature-responsive and pH-responsive characteristics. S213: Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in a base liquid carrier using a dispersion device to obtain magnetic nanofluid.

[0034] Specifically, magnetic nanoparticles are first provided, which may be composed of ferrites or metal oxides and possess high magnetic responsiveness and chemical stability. The size and shape of the magnetic nanoparticles affect their dispersibility and adsorption performance, so selecting appropriate particles is crucial. Next, a biomimetic coating is applied to the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process. This biomimetic coating is a polymer coating with temperature-responsive and pH-responsive characteristics. The surface modification process may involve chemical deposition or self-assembly methods to ensure uniform coating coverage. The responsive characteristics of the biomimetic coating allow it to adjust its hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity according to environmental changes, thereby optimizing the adsorption and desorption processes. Then, the surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in a base liquid carrier using a dispersion device, which may employ ultrasonic or mechanical stirring to break up particle agglomeration and achieve stable suspension. The selection of the base liquid carrier takes into account viscosity compatibility to ensure fluid flowability during the addition process.

[0035] The technical benefits of this refinement step lie in enhancing the functionality and applicability of the magnetic nanofluid. The provision of magnetic nanoparticles ensures the magnetic and chemical properties of the base material, providing core functionality for subsequent treatment. Surface modification processes enhance the intelligent responsiveness of the particles, enabling them to adapt to different wastewater conditions and improving adsorption selectivity. The use of dispersion equipment ensures fluid homogeneity, preventing particle settling or clogging and extending service life. Overall, these steps, through precise preparation, improve the quality and reliability of the magnetic nanofluid, thereby enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of the entire treatment method.

[0036] Providing magnetic nanoparticles ensures high magnetic responsiveness, laying the foundation for adsorption; surface modification processes coat the particles with a biomimetic coating, enhancing their intelligent responsiveness; dispersion equipment uniformly disperses the particles, improving fluid stability; the prepared magnetic nanofluid exhibits temperature and pH responsiveness, optimizing the adsorption process; surface modification ensures uniform coating coverage, preventing particle failure; dispersion reduces agglomeration, ensuring fluid flowability; the entire preparation process, through refinement, improves fluid quality and functionality; the selection of magnetic nanoparticles influences overall performance, supporting efficient processing; surface modification introduces environmental adaptability, enhancing methodological flexibility; the use of dispersion equipment ensures long-term stability, reducing maintenance requirements; these sub-steps work together to ensure reliable preparation of magnetic nanofluids; ultimately, high-performance fluid production is achieved, supporting the successful implementation of the entire processing flow.

[0037] In some implementations, the preparation of the biomimetic coating in S212 includes: S2121: Provides natural biological mucus as a biomimetic synthetic template to synthesize a three-dimensional polymer network with temperature-responsive and pH-responsive properties; S2122: Dissolve the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution; S2123: Magnetic nanoparticles are immersed in a polymer solution, and a biomimetic coating with a nanometer thickness is formed on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through interfacial self-assembly.

[0038] Specifically, firstly, natural biological mucus, which may originate from plants or microorganisms, is used as a biomimetic template. Its unique network structure inspires polymer synthesis, leading to the creation of a three-dimensional polymer network with both temperature and pH responsive characteristics. The synthesis of this three-dimensional polymer network may be achieved through polymerization, mimicking the adaptive properties of biological mucus, allowing the coating to adjust its physical state according to environmental changes. Next, the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution. The solvent selection considers both solubility and volatility to ensure a homogeneous and easily handled solution. The concentration and viscosity of the polymer solution affect the coating thickness and performance, thus requiring optimization of the preparation conditions. Then, magnetic nanoparticles are impregnated in the polymer solution. Through interfacial self-assembly, a nanometer-thick biomimetic coating is formed on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. The impregnation process may involve stirring or ultrasonic assistance to ensure sufficient contact between the solution and the particle surface. Self-assembly is based on intermolecular forces to form a stable coating. Controlling the nanometer thickness ensures the functionality and durability of the coating without affecting the magnetic properties of the particles.

[0039] The technical benefits of this refinement step lie in enhancing the intelligence and application effectiveness of the biomimetic coating. Natural bio-mucus, serving as a template, provides biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, enhancing the coating's sustainability. The synthesis of the three-dimensional polymer network introduces responsive characteristics, enabling the coating to reversibly adjust according to temperature or pH changes, thereby optimizing oil droplet adsorption and desorption efficiency. The preparation of the polymer solution ensures the coating's uniformity and processability, providing a foundation for subsequent coating processes. The impregnation and self-assembly processes form a nano-thickness coating, reducing material waste while maintaining the core functionality of the particles. Overall, these steps, through bio-inspired preparation, improve the coating's performance and reliability, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of the magnetic nanofluid.

[0040] In some implementations, the adsorption of oil droplets by the magnetic nanoparticles in S23 includes: S231: During the mixing process, monitor the temperature of the port oil spill wastewater. When the temperature is lower than the critical dissolution temperature of the biomimetic coating, the biomimetic coating will be in a sol state. S232: Based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segments in its molecular chain extend and selectively recognize and bind to the alkane structure in the oil droplet molecule. S233: Based on selective binding, oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the interior of the extended biomimetic coating to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite.

[0041] First, during the mixing process, the temperature of the oil spill from the port is monitored in real time using temperature sensors to ensure accurate temperature data feedback. When the temperature is below the critical dissolution temperature of the biomimetic coating, the coating exhibits a sol state. This state change is based on a conformational transformation of the polymer chains, giving the coating molecules better fluidity and extensibility. Based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segments in its molecular chains extend. These hydrophobic segments are composed of groups with alkane-like structures, enabling selective recognition and binding with the alkane structures in oil droplet molecules. This selective recognition is based on intermolecular hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces, allowing the biomimetic coating to specifically capture oil droplets with less interference from water molecules. Based on this selective binding, the oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the extended biomimetic coating, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. The diffusion process is driven by a concentration gradient, causing the oil droplets to gradually embed into the coating's network structure.

[0042] The technical benefits of this refinement step lie in improving the selectivity and efficiency of the adsorption process. Temperature monitoring ensures the biomimetic coating is in optimal working condition, preventing a decline in adsorption efficiency due to unsuitable temperatures. The sol state of the biomimetic coating allows its molecular chains to fully extend, increasing the contact area with oil droplets and thus improving adsorption capacity. The extension of hydrophobic segments enhances the affinity with oil droplet molecules, reducing non-specific adsorption through selective recognition and improving the accuracy of oil droplet capture. The diffusion of oil droplets into the coating further stabilizes the composite structure, preventing desorption in subsequent processing. Overall, these steps, through intelligent response and molecular-level interactions, optimize the adsorption performance of magnetic nanoparticles, providing a more reliable composite basis for subsequent separation steps.

[0043] Specifically, temperature monitoring and response ensure the coating remains in a sol state, a prerequisite for efficient adsorption. Hydrophobic segment extension utilizes the principle of "like dissolves like," enhancing molecular recognition between the coating and oil droplets. Selective binding reduces interference from other impurities, improving adsorption purity. The oil droplet diffusion process strengthens the binding, making the complex more stable under subsequent magnetic field conditions. These effects work together to make the adsorption process not only rapid but also highly selective, thereby improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment process.

[0044] In some implementations, S3 includes: S31: An initial magnetic field is generated by an energized electromagnetic coil; S32: Based on the initial magnetic field, the intensity distribution of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, thus forming a gradient magnetic field; S33: Based on a gradient magnetic field, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is subjected to magnetic force and migrates directionally along the magnetic field gradient direction to obtain a migrated composite.

[0045] First, an initial magnetic field is generated by an energized electromagnetic coil. The electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field when current flows through it, and its strength is proportional to the current magnitude. The initial magnetic field has a uniform or nearly uniform distribution. Based on this initial magnetic field, the intensity distribution of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, forming a gradient magnetic field. The current adjustment is achieved through a control circuit, resulting in intensity differences in the magnetic field at different spatial locations. Based on this gradient magnetic field, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is subjected to a magnetic force, causing it to migrate directionally along the magnetic field gradient direction, resulting in a migrated composite. The magnitude of the magnetic force is related to the magnetic field gradient and the magnetization of the composite, driving the composite to move towards the high-intensity region.

[0046] The technical advantage of this refined step lies in achieving precise control over the migration of the complexes. The initial magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil provides a controllable magnetic source, avoiding the inconvenience of adjusting permanent magnets. By adjusting the current to form a gradient magnetic field, the magnetic force can be directed onto the complexes, achieving efficient migration and enrichment. The directional migration process shortens the separation time, reduces energy loss, and avoids the breakage of the complexes that may be caused by mechanical agitation. Overall, these steps optimize separation efficiency through electromagnetic control, providing more concentrated migrated complexes for subsequent collection.

[0047] In some implementations, S5 includes: S51: The oil containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated by the heating unit, which reduces the viscosity of the oil and causes it to desorb from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. S52: Based on the mixture of oil phase and magnetic nanoparticles formed after desorption, the magnetic nanoparticles are separated from the mixture formed after desorption by applying a magnetic field through a magnetic field separation unit. S53: The separated magnetic nanoparticles are cleaned with cleaning fluid through the cleaning unit to remove residual oil on the surface and obtain regenerated magnetic nanoparticles.

[0048] First, the oil contaminant containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated by a heating unit (possibly using electrothermal or heat exchange methods) to reduce the viscosity of the oil and cause it to desorb from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. Reduced viscosity decreases the adhesion between the oil and the particles, promoting separation. Based on the mixture of oil phase and magnetic nanoparticles formed after desorption, a magnetic field separation unit applies a magnetic field to separate the magnetic nanoparticles from the mixture. This separation unit utilizes the magnetic responsiveness of the nanoparticles, causing them to move to a collection area under the influence of the magnetic field. Finally, a cleaning unit uses a cleaning solution (possibly a solvent or surfactant solution) to clean the separated magnetic nanoparticles, removing residual oil and yielding regenerated magnetic nanoparticles.

[0049] The technological advantage of this refined process lies in achieving highly efficient recovery and regeneration of magnetic nanoparticles. The heating unit reduces the viscosity of oil contaminants through temperature increases, making the desorption process more thorough and reducing oil residue on the particle surface. The magnetic field separation unit uses magnetic force to quickly separate particles, avoiding complex operations such as centrifugation or filtration and improving recovery efficiency. The cleaning unit further purifies the particle surface, ensuring performance recovery and extending service life. Overall, these steps, through the combination of thermal and magnetic forces, optimize the desorption and recovery process, reduce processing costs, and support resource recycling.

[0050] In some implementations, S5 includes: S54: The oil stain containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated to a first temperature by the heating unit, so that the biomimetic coating exceeds its critical dissolution temperature and undergoes a phase change, changing from a sol state to a gel state, shrinking in volume and squeezing out the captured oil stain; S55: By adding an alkaline regulator to the system through the pH adjustment unit, the pH value of the environment is increased, the biomimetic coating undergoes a hydrophilic transformation, and the desorption of oil stains from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles is promoted. S56: The desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are cooled to a second temperature by the cooling unit, so that the biomimetic coating is restored to the sol state, and regenerated magnetic nanoparticles are obtained.

[0051] First, the oil contaminant containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated to a first temperature, which is higher than the critical dissolution temperature of the biomimetic coating. This causes the coating to undergo a phase transition, changing from a sol state to a gel state, shrinking in volume and expelling the captured oil contaminant. This phase transition is based on a conformational change in the polymer chains, causing the coating to change from an expanded to a contracted state. Next, an alkaline regulator is added to the system via a pH adjustment unit, raising the pH value and causing the biomimetic coating to undergo a hydrophilic transformation. This promotes the desorption of oil contaminants from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles, but the hydrophilic transformation also increases the interfacial instability between the coating and the oil contaminants. Finally, the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are cooled to a second temperature via a cooling unit, restoring the biomimetic coating to a sol state, resulting in regenerated magnetic nanoparticles. The cooling process is achieved through heat exchange or natural cooling, ensuring the reversible recovery of the coating state.

[0052] The technical advantage of this refined process lies in achieving efficient desorption through a multi-response mechanism. The heating unit induces a phase change, causing the coating to shrink and actively extruding oil, thus improving desorption efficiency. The pH adjustment unit further enhances the desorption effect by altering environmental chemical conditions, reducing energy consumption. The cooling unit restores the coating to its initial state, ensuring the reusability of the particles. Overall, these steps utilize both temperature and pH responses to achieve an intelligent and thorough desorption process, improving the quality of the recycled particles and the environmental friendliness of the method.

[0053] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a port oil spill wastewater treatment device, which employs the method provided in any of the above embodiments, and the device includes: An acoustic standing wave structure is installed at the inlet of the device to receive the port oil spill wastewater to be treated and generate an acoustic standing wave field, which causes the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates. The injection structure is connected to the outlet of the acoustic standing wave structure for injecting magnetic nanofluid. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, which causes the magnetic nanoparticles to adsorb with the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. A magnetic field structure is set behind the feeding structure to apply a gradient magnetic field, causing the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite to move directionally under the action of the magnetic field force, thus obtaining a migrating composite. A collection structure, connected to the outlet of a magnetic field structure, is used to separate the migrating complex from the aqueous phase, yielding separated oil and purified water. The desorption structure is connected to the oil outlet of the collection structure to desorb oil from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles and recover the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles. The acoustic standing wave structure, the injection structure, the magnetic field structure, the collection structure, and the desorption structure are arranged in series to form a continuous processing flow.

[0054] This device integrates and automates the processing. An acoustic standing wave structure aggregates oil droplets through an acoustic field, providing a pretreatment basis for subsequent steps. A dosing structure precisely injects magnetic nanofluid to ensure adsorption efficiency. A magnetic field structure applies a gradient magnetic field to drive the directional migration of the complex, optimizing separation. A collection structure separates oil and water, ensuring effluent quality. A desorption structure recovers magnetic nanoparticles, supporting resource recycling. The series arrangement of these structures forms a continuous process, reducing intermediate stops and energy loss, and improving overall processing efficiency and stability.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating port oil spill wastewater, characterized in that, include: S1: Based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated through an acoustic standing wave structure, causing the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates; S2: Magnetic nanofluid is injected through the dosing structure. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with biomimetic coatings on their surfaces. The magnetic nanoparticles adsorb onto the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. S3: By applying a gradient magnetic field through a magnetic field structure, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is directionally moved under the action of magnetic force to obtain a migration composite; S4: The migrating complex is separated from the aqueous phase by a collection structure to obtain separated oil and purified water; S5: Oil is desorbed from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through a desorption structure, and the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are recovered.

2. The method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 includes: S11: Based on the port oil spill wastewater to be treated, the electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters of the signal generator are set through the control unit; S12: Based on the set electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters, output an electrical signal with corresponding frequency and amplitude through a signal generator; S13: Based on the output electrical signal, the electrical signal is converted into mechanical vibration of the same frequency through a piezoelectric transducer; S14: Based on mechanical vibration, ultrasonic waves are generated in the medium by excitation through a piezoelectric transducer; S15: Based on the generated ultrasonic waves, the sound waves are reflected by an acoustic reflector to form an acoustic standing wave field, causing the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to move towards the node position and aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates.

3. The method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 include: S21: Provides a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid, which consists of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on their surface dispersed in a base fluid; S22: Magnetic nanofluid is injected into wastewater containing oil droplet aggregates using a metering pump at a set flow rate ratio; S23: Based on the mixture of injected magnetic nanofluid and oil droplet aggregates, the mixture is stirred by a stirring structure to allow the magnetic nanoparticles to fully contact and adsorb the oil droplets, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite.

4. A method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation of magnetic nanofluids in S21 includes: S211: Provides magnetic nanoparticles; S212: A biomimetic coating is applied to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process. The biomimetic coating is a polymer coating with temperature-responsive and pH-responsive characteristics. S213: Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in a base liquid carrier using a dispersion device to obtain magnetic nanofluid.

5. A method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the biomimetic coating in S212 includes: S2121: Provides natural biological mucus as a biomimetic synthetic template to synthesize a three-dimensional polymer network with temperature-responsive and pH-responsive properties; S2122: Dissolve the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution; S2123: Magnetic nanoparticles are immersed in a polymer solution, and a nano-thick biomimetic coating is formed on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through interfacial self-assembly.

6. A method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adsorption of oil droplets by magnetic nanoparticles in S23 includes: S231: During the mixing process, monitor the temperature of the port oil spill wastewater. When the temperature is lower than the critical dissolution temperature of the biomimetic coating, the biomimetic coating will be in a sol state. S232: Based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segments in its molecular chain extend and selectively recognize and bind to the alkane structure in the oil droplet molecule. S233: Based on selective binding, oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the interior of the extended biomimetic coating to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite.

7. A method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 include: S31: An initial magnetic field is generated by an energized electromagnetic coil; S32: Based on the initial magnetic field, the intensity distribution of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, thus forming a gradient magnetic field; S33: Based on a gradient magnetic field, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is subjected to magnetic force and migrates directionally along the magnetic field gradient direction to obtain a migrated composite.

8. A method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 include: S51: The oil containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated by the heating unit, which reduces the viscosity of the oil and causes it to desorb from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. S52: Based on the mixture of oil phase and magnetic nanoparticles formed after desorption, the magnetic nanoparticles are separated from the mixture formed after desorption by applying a magnetic field through a magnetic field separation unit. S53: The separated magnetic nanoparticles are cleaned with cleaning fluid through the cleaning unit to remove residual oil on the surface and obtain regenerated magnetic nanoparticles.

9. A method for treating port oil spill wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 include: S54: The oil stain containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated to a first temperature by the heating unit, so that the biomimetic coating exceeds its critical dissolution temperature and undergoes a phase change, changing from a sol state to a gel state, shrinking in volume and squeezing out the captured oil stain. S55: By adding an alkaline regulator to the system through the pH adjustment unit, the pH value of the environment is increased, the biomimetic coating undergoes a hydrophilic transformation, and the desorption of oil stains from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles is promoted. S56: The desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are cooled to a second temperature by the cooling unit, so that the biomimetic coating is restored to the sol state, and regenerated magnetic nanoparticles are obtained.

10. A port oil spill wastewater treatment device, characterized in that, The apparatus employs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the apparatus comprising: An acoustic standing wave structure is installed at the inlet of the device to receive the port oil spill wastewater to be treated and generate an acoustic standing wave field, which causes the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill wastewater to aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, thus obtaining oil droplet aggregates. The injection structure is connected to the outlet of the acoustic standing wave structure for injecting magnetic nanofluid. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, which causes the magnetic nanoparticles to adsorb with the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite. A magnetic field structure is set behind the feeding structure to apply a gradient magnetic field, causing the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite to move directionally under the action of the magnetic field force, thus obtaining a migrating composite. A collection structure, connected to the outlet of a magnetic field structure, is used to separate the migrating complex from the aqueous phase, yielding separated oil and purified water. The desorption structure is connected to the oil outlet of the collection structure to desorb oil from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles and recover the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles. The acoustic standing wave structure, the injection structure, the magnetic field structure, the collection structure, and the desorption structure are arranged in series to form a continuous processing flow.

Images