A method and apparatus for predicting blasting vibrations based on different seed waveforms

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of engineering blasting technology, and particularly to a method and apparatus for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms. The method includes: conducting single-hole blasting tests outside the target blasting area to construct a set of characteristic waveforms; selecting a characteristic waveform from the set for each borehole in the target blasting area, and determining a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform; obtaining a second distance between each borehole in the target blasting area and a target monitoring point; constructing a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series according to the first and second distances to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each borehole; and linearly superimposing the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all boreholes to obtain a group-hole blasting vibration waveform. This solves the problems of existing vibration prediction methods for the near-field blasting zone, where the predicted superimposed blasting vibration waveform is significantly affected by various factors, and the vibration velocity at the measuring point varies greatly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering blasting technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for predicting blasting vibrations based on different seed waveforms. Background Technology

[0002] Blasting, as a commonly used, economical, and efficient construction method, has been widely applied and developed in fields such as mining, tunnel excavation, road construction, and water conservancy and hydropower projects. However, blasting vibration, as the most harmful effect of blasting, poses a threat to the safety of nearby buildings, important facilities, and personnel mainly in three aspects: blasting vibration velocity, dominant frequency, and duration. Accurately predicting blasting vibration is of great significance for taking effective protective measures, reducing blasting hazards, and ensuring project safety and the stability of the surrounding environment.

[0003] Currently, there are many studies on tunnel blasting vibration prediction both domestically and internationally, but research on vibration in the near-blast zone is still limited, and studies on near-blast vibration prediction and its characteristics are even rarer. For example, the commonly used Sadovsky formula can only predict vibration velocity and is mainly applicable to the far-blast zone, with a relatively large prediction error in the near-blast zone. The main difficulty in near-blast vibration prediction lies in the fact that the superimposed waveform of blasting vibration in this range is significantly affected by various factors, and the vibration velocity at the measuring point varies greatly. Current research lacks studies on the impact of factors such as initiation delay error, pre-blast hole shielding effect, and geological conditions on the waveform superposition effect. Therefore, improving the accuracy of near-blast vibration intensity prediction is of practical significance for improving blasting design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and apparatus for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms, in order to solve the problems that the superimposed waveform of blasting vibration predicted by existing vibration prediction methods in the blasting near zone is significantly affected by a variety of factors and the vibration velocity at the measuring point varies greatly.

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms, comprising the following steps: conducting single-hole blasting tests outside a target blasting area to construct a set of characteristic waveforms; selecting a characteristic waveform for each borehole in the target blasting area from the set of characteristic waveforms, and determining a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform; obtaining a second distance between each borehole in the target blasting area and a target monitoring point; constructing a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series according to the first distance and the second distance to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each borehole; and linearly superimposing the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all boreholes to obtain a group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0006] Optionally, the step of conducting a single-hole blasting test on the target blasting area to construct a characteristic waveform set includes:

[0007] A reference blasting hole is determined outside the target blasting area, and multiple vibration sensors are arranged at different distances around the reference blasting hole to conduct a single-hole blasting test;

[0008] Multiple monitoring waveforms generated during the blasting of the reference blasting hole are collected, and the multiple monitoring waveforms are used as a feature waveform set;

[0009] The feature waveform set is processed to obtain the feature waveform set.

[0010] Optionally, the step of selecting a characteristic waveform from the characteristic waveform set for each borehole in the target blasting area and determining a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform includes:

[0011] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole from the characteristic waveform set according to a preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0012] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated, a characteristic waveform is selected for all boreholes in the same segment according to a preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between all boreholes in the same segment and their corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes:

[0014] Determine whether the pre-detonation borehole in the target blasting area is on the propagation path from the blasting borehole to the target monitoring point. If the pre-detonation borehole is on the propagation path, calculate the effective propagation distance between the pre-detonation borehole and the blasting borehole based on the shielding effect. Based on the effective propagation distance, select a characteristic waveform for each borehole in the characteristic waveform set, or select a characteristic waveform for all boreholes in the same segment. Otherwise, select a characteristic waveform for each borehole in the characteristic waveform set, or select a characteristic waveform for all boreholes in the same segment, based on the distance matching principle.

[0015] Optionally, the specific expression for the effective propagation distance is:

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] Where α is the attenuation constant, ρ is the shielding coefficient, β and γ are field constants, d is the actual distance from the borehole to the measuring point, w is the charge amount in the borehole, and d e This is the effective distance.

[0019] Optionally, obtaining the second distance between each blast hole in the target blasting area and its corresponding target monitoring point includes:

[0020] When each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, the second distance between each blast hole and its corresponding target monitoring point is obtained;

[0021] When each borehole section in the target blasting area is detonated, the second distance between the geometric center of all boreholes in the same section and the corresponding target monitoring point is obtained.

[0022] Optionally, the specific expression of the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is as follows:

[0023] W(f)=S(f)B(f)

[0024]

[0025] Wherein, W(f) is the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series, S(f) is the Fourier transform of the characteristic hole waveform, B(f) is the Kyrgyzsun transfer function, f is the frequency (Hz), f0 is an arbitrary reference frequency, δd is the distance moved in the attenuation medium, c0 is the phase velocity corresponding to any reference frequency f0, γ=arctan(1 / Q) / π, sgn(f)=1 (f>0), sgn(f)=-1 (f<0), and Q is the rock quality coefficient.

[0026] Optionally, the linear superposition of the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all blast holes to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform includes:

[0027] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated one by one, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all the boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0028] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of different sections of boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0029] Optionally, the specific expression of the pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model is:

[0030]

[0031] Where u is the vibration waveform of the multi-hole blasting, W f For the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model, a i Let δ(tt) be the blasting vibration proportionality coefficient for the i-th borehole.i Let be the Dirac delta function, and let represent the i-th impulse function. i Let t be the delay time for the i-th borehole, t be the time, and n be the total number of boreholes.

[0032] A second aspect of the present invention provides a blasting vibration prediction device based on different seed waveforms, comprising: a construction module for conducting single-hole blasting tests outside a target blasting area to construct a set of characteristic waveforms; a determination module for selecting a characteristic waveform for each borehole in the target blasting area from the set of characteristic waveforms and determining a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform; an acquisition module for acquiring a second distance between each borehole in the target blasting area and a target monitoring point; a simulation module for constructing a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series according to the first distance and the second distance to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each borehole; and a superposition module for linearly superimposing the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all boreholes to obtain a group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0033] The blasting vibration prediction method and apparatus based on different seed waveforms proposed in this invention selects the corresponding characteristic waveform for each blast hole in the blasting area by monitoring multiple sets of seed waveforms at different distances and matching them according to the distance. This takes into account the influence of different types of waves (P-wave, S-wave, and surface wave) on waveform and frequency attenuation with distance, thus improving the accuracy of the prediction results. A multi-hole blasting vibration model is constructed using the Anderson linear superposition principle, achieving the goal of determining the blasting vibration velocity, dominant frequency, and duration by predicting the vibration waveform. Furthermore, the magnitude of the blasting vibration can be controlled according to the prediction results to ensure the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. This method has wider applicability and scalability, applicable not only to near-field blasting vibration prediction but also to far-field blasting vibration prediction, and is particularly suitable for tunnel drilling and blasting construction in complex environments. Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for predicting blasting vibrations based on different seed waveforms, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of seed waveforms recorded at different distances from the feature hole, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram illustrating the selection of a characteristic waveform for each borehole based on distance matching, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the path determination of the shielding effect provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a blasting vibration prediction device based on different seed waveforms provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method and apparatus for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms according to embodiments of the present invention. Addressing the problems mentioned in the background section regarding the significant influence of various factors on the superimposed waveform of blasting vibrations predicted by existing near-blasting vibration prediction methods, resulting in large variations in vibration velocity at the measuring points, the present invention provides a method for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms. In this method, combining a large amount of existing monitoring data and analysis results, considering the waveform variation with distance and the shielding effect of the initial detonation hole on amplitude attenuation and waveform variation, a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is constructed. The attenuated waveforms obtained from the single-hole blasting prediction model are superimposed using an Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the final multi-hole blasting vibration waveform generated by the entire explosion. This solves the problems of the significant influence of various factors on the superimposed waveform of blasting vibrations predicted by existing near-blasting vibration prediction methods, resulting in large variations in vibration velocity at the measuring points.

[0042] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for predicting blasting vibrations based on different seed waveforms, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the blasting vibration prediction method based on different seed waveforms includes the following steps:

[0044] In step S101, a single-hole blasting test is conducted outside the target blasting area to construct a characteristic waveform set.

[0045] In some embodiments, a single-hole blasting test is performed on the target blasting area to construct a characteristic waveform set, including:

[0046] A reference blasting hole is determined outside the target blasting area, and multiple vibration sensors are arranged at different distances around the reference blasting hole to conduct single-hole blasting tests.

[0047] Multiple monitoring waveforms generated during the blasting of the reference blasting hole were collected, and these multiple monitoring waveforms were used as a feature waveform set.

[0048] The characteristic waveform set is processed to obtain the characteristic waveform set.

[0049] In actual execution, a reference blasting hole is determined near the blasting area as a characteristic hole for single-hole blasting test. Several monitoring points at different distances from the characteristic hole are selected around the characteristic hole, and vibration sensors are placed at the monitoring points to collect the single-hole waveform. The collected monitoring waveforms of single-hole blasting of electronic detonators are used as the characteristic waveform set. Waveform processing is performed on the characteristic waveform set by wavelet denoising, baseline adjustment and other methods to obtain the characteristic waveform set.

[0050] In step S102, a characteristic waveform is selected from the characteristic waveform set for each borehole in the target blasting area, and the first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0051] In some embodiments, for each borehole in the target blasting area, a characteristic waveform is selected from the characteristic waveform set, and a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined, including:

[0052] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated one by one, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole in the characteristic waveform set according to the preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0053] When each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated, a characteristic waveform is selected for all blast holes in the same segment according to the preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between all blast holes in the same segment and their corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0054] In actual implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, when each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole from the characteristic waveform set based on the principle of closest distance, and the first distance (dsd) between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined. When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated in a partition, a characteristic waveform is selected for all boreholes in the same partition based on the closest distance from the geometric center of all boreholes in the same partition to the target monitoring point, and the first distance (dsd) between all boreholes in the same partition and their corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0055] In step S103, the second distance between each blast hole in the target blasting area and the target monitoring point is obtained.

[0056] In step S104, a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is constructed according to the first distance and the second distance to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each blast hole.

[0057] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0058] Determine whether the pre-detonation borehole in the target blasting area is on the propagation path from the blasting borehole to the target monitoring point. If the pre-detonation borehole is on the propagation path, calculate the effective propagation distance between the pre-detonation borehole and the blasting borehole based on the shielding effect. Select a characteristic waveform for each borehole or select a characteristic waveform for all boreholes in the same segment from the characteristic waveform set according to the effective propagation distance. Otherwise, select a characteristic waveform for each borehole or select a characteristic waveform for all boreholes in the same segment from the characteristic waveform set according to the distance matching principle.

[0059] In actual implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, when each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, the second distance between each blast hole and its corresponding target monitoring point is obtained; when each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated in sections, the second distance between the geometric center of all blast holes in the same section and their corresponding target monitoring points is obtained.

[0060] Furthermore, considering the distance difference (δd = dhl - dsd) between the selected characteristic wave distance (dsd) and the distance from the borehole to the monitoring point (dhl), and taking into account the waveform change of the distance difference, a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is constructed using the Kjartansson transfer function to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each borehole, that is, the waveform characterizing the vibration velocity-time at any target point from the blast source.

[0061] The specific expression for the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is as follows:

[0062] W(f)=S(f)B(f)

[0063]

[0064] Wherein, W(f) is a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series. The product of multiplication, W(f), is inversely transformed to obtain the single-hole attenuation waveform. S(f) is the Fourier transform of the characteristic hole waveform. B(f) is the Kyrgyzsun transfer function. f is the frequency (Hz). f0 is an arbitrary reference frequency. δd is the distance moved in the attenuation medium. c0 is the phase velocity corresponding to any reference frequency f0. γ = arctan(1 / Q) / π. sgn(f) = 1 (f>0). sgn(f) = -1 (f<0). Q is the rock quality coefficient.

[0065] It should be noted that the amplitude attenuation is determined by the nonlinear charge scale distance established by the characteristic hole vibration; the amplitude and frequency of the characteristic waveform are adjusted by combining the waveform attenuation characteristics and propagation time differences of explosives initiation in different sections and with different charge amounts; when some initial seed waveforms are recorded with small incremental distances, which are comparable to the distance from the blast hole to the target monitoring point, the model prediction is not sensitive to the rock quality coefficient Q because the wave transformation through the transfer function is minimal.

[0066] Compared to existing blasting vibration prediction models that use a single seed wave to represent all blasting holes in a single blast without simulating the shape changes of the vibration wave over distance, and which are mostly applicable to far-field blasting vibration prediction, the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series proposed in this invention selects a characteristic waveform with matching path direction and distance for each blasting hole in the blasting area by monitoring multiple sets of seed waveforms at different distances. This takes into account the influence of different types of waves (P-wave, S-wave, and surface wave) on waveform and frequency attenuation with distance, thus improving the accuracy of the prediction results.

[0067] Furthermore, during multi-hole blasting, the initial detonation hole causes ground damage to the vibration wave path of subsequent holes, resulting in greater attenuation of amplitude and frequency. Therefore, when an initial detonation hole exists in the propagation path from the target hole to the monitoring point, the selection of characteristic waveforms needs to consider the presence of a shielding effect.

[0068] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the path determination of the shielding effect for each pre-detonation hole is as follows: Assume the propagation path is a rectangle (solid line), the width of which can be initially set as half of the resistance line, and the length of which is the distance between the target detection point and the subsequent detonation hole; connect the center of the pre-detonation hole and the four corners of the rectangle to form four triangles (dashed line + solid line); if the sum of the areas of the triangles is equal to the area of ​​the rectangle, then the pre-detonation hole is on the path; if the sum of the areas of the triangles is greater than the area of ​​the rectangle, then the pre-detonation hole is not on the path.

[0069] If the first detonating borehole is on the propagation path, the shielding effect needs to be considered. In this case, the characteristic waveform selection criterion needs to use the effective propagation distance (de) and the characteristic wave distance (dsd), i.e., the distance difference is δd = de - dsd. Thus, the shielding effect of the first detonating borehole in the path of the second detonating borehole can be further simulated using the effective propagation distance, simulating not only the change in amplitude but also the change in waveform.

[0070] In order to calculate the effective propagation distance, this invention proposes an algorithm for detecting the first detonated borehole from the vibration path of the later detonated borehole. This algorithm first calculates the ratio of the total charge of the first detonated borehole to the charge of the later detonated borehole along the path. The amplitude reduction and waveform change are then simple functions of this ratio. The specific algorithm for the effective propagation distance is as follows:

[0071] Assuming that the reduction in borehole vibration amplitude is affected not only by the travel distance attenuation commonly applied to the charge ratio law, but also by the shielding coefficient, the shielding coefficient... For an exponential function:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Among them, w t Let λ be the total charge (kg) of the first detonating borehole in the path, and w be the charge (kg) of the subsequent detonating borehole. When λ < 1 and hour,

[0075] By fitting single-hole vibration data to a power function, the general form of the charge weight-scale distance can be determined. Then, based on the actual distance from the borehole to the target detection point and the shielding effect, the effective propagation distance (de) can be calculated.

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Where α is the attenuation constant, β and γ are field constants, d is the actual distance from the borehole to the measuring point, and w is the charge amount (kg) in the borehole.

[0079] In step S105, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all blast holes are linearly superimposed to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0080] In some embodiments, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all boreholes are linearly superimposed to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform, including:

[0081] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated one by one, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0082] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of different sections of boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0083] In actual operation, it is assumed that the vibration waveform of a single-hole blasting can be repeated under the same conditions, and that each blasting vibration is composed of a function of the same source time. It is also assumed that the vibration waveform of a group of holes is composed of the corresponding single-hole blasting vibrations arranged according to a certain pattern. When the above assumptions hold, the vibration of a group of holes at a certain distance from the blast source is a function of the inter-hole and inter-row delay times. Therefore, the vibration waveform curve at the target monitoring point can be described by the following formula:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, u s For a single-hole waveform function, a i Let a be the blasting vibration proportionality coefficient for the i-th borehole. i =Q i / Q0, Q i Let Q0 be the charge amount (kg) for that borehole, and Q0 be the charge amount (kg) for the corresponding single borehole test. δ(tt) i Let be the Dirac delta function, and let represent the i-th impulse function. i Let t be the delay time for the i-th borehole, t be the time, and n be the total number of boreholes.

[0086] However, considering the influence of randomness in the waveform superposition process, the constructed single-hole blasting vibration prediction model is introduced into the Anderson superposition model to establish a new multi-hole blasting vibration prediction model that considers randomness. The expression of this waveform superposition model is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, W f This is a vibration prediction model for single-hole blasting.

[0089] This invention calculates the arrival time of different blast holes at the monitoring point, and linearly superimposes the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all blast holes using the Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the final group-hole blasting vibration waveform. The group-hole blasting vibration model constructed using the Anderson linear superposition principle achieves the goal of determining the blasting vibration velocity, dominant frequency, and duration by predicting the vibration waveform.

[0090] In summary, the blasting vibration prediction method based on different seed waveforms proposed in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0091] (1) By monitoring multiple sets of seed waveforms at different distances, the corresponding characteristic waveform is selected for each blast hole in the blasting area according to the distance matching. This takes into account the influence of different types of waves (P wave, S wave and surface wave) on the waveform and frequency attenuation as the distance changes, and improves the accuracy of the prediction results.

[0092] (2) By constructing a multi-hole blasting vibration model based on Anderson's linear superposition principle, the purpose of determining the blasting vibration velocity, main frequency and duration by predicting the vibration waveform is achieved, and the magnitude of blasting vibration can be controlled according to the prediction results to ensure the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0093] (3) Compared with existing blasting vibration prediction methods, this method has wider applicability and wider applicability. This method is not only applicable to blasting near-field vibration prediction, but also to blasting far-field vibration prediction, and is especially applicable to tunnel drilling and blasting construction in complex environments.

[0094] Next, referring to the accompanying drawings, a blasting vibration prediction device based on different seed waveforms according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0095] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a blasting vibration prediction device based on different seed waveforms provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] like Figure 5 As shown, the blasting vibration prediction device 50 based on different seed waveforms includes: a construction module 501, a determination module 502, an acquisition module 503, a simulation module 504, and a superposition module 505.

[0097] The system comprises the following modules: Construction module 501 conducts single-hole blasting tests outside the target blasting area to construct a set of characteristic waveforms. Determination module 502 selects a characteristic waveform from the set for each borehole in the target blasting area and determines a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform. Acquisition module 503 acquires a second distance between each borehole in the target blasting area and the target monitoring point. Simulation module 504 constructs a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series according to the first and second distances to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each borehole. Superposition module 505 linearly superimposes the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all boreholes to obtain a group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0098] In some embodiments, the construction module 501 includes:

[0099] A reference blasting hole is determined outside the target blasting area, and multiple vibration sensors are arranged at different distances around the reference blasting hole to conduct single-hole blasting tests.

[0100] Multiple monitoring waveforms generated during the blasting of the reference blasting hole were collected, and these multiple monitoring waveforms were used as a feature waveform set.

[0101] The characteristic waveform set is processed to obtain the characteristic waveform set.

[0102] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 includes:

[0103] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated one by one, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole in the characteristic waveform set according to the preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0104] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated, a characteristic waveform is selected from the characteristic waveform set for all boreholes in the same segment according to a preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between all boreholes in the same segment and their corresponding characteristic waveform is determined.

[0105] In some embodiments, the determining module 502 further includes:

[0106] Determine whether the pre-detonation borehole in the target blasting area is on the propagation path from the blasting borehole to the target monitoring point. If the pre-detonation borehole is on the propagation path, calculate the effective propagation distance between the pre-detonation borehole and the blasting borehole based on the shielding effect. Select a characteristic waveform for each borehole or select a characteristic waveform for all boreholes in the same segment from the characteristic waveform set according to the effective propagation distance. Otherwise, select a characteristic waveform for each borehole or select a characteristic waveform for all boreholes in the same segment from the characteristic waveform set according to the distance matching principle.

[0107] In some embodiments, the specific expression for the effective propagation distance is:

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] Where α is the attenuation constant, ρ is the shielding coefficient, β and γ are field constants, d is the actual distance from the borehole to the measuring point, w is the charge amount in the borehole, and d e This is the effective distance.

[0111] In some embodiments, the acquisition module 503 includes:

[0112] When each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, the second distance between each blast hole and its corresponding target monitoring point is obtained;

[0113] When each borehole section in the target blasting area is detonated, the second distance between the geometric center of all boreholes in the same section and the corresponding target monitoring point is obtained.

[0114] In some embodiments, the specific expression of the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is as follows:

[0115] W(f)=S(f)B(f)

[0116]

[0117] Wherein, W(f) is the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series, S(f) is the Fourier transform of the characteristic hole waveform, B(f) is the Kyrgyzsun transfer function, f is the frequency (Hz), f0 is an arbitrary reference frequency, δd is the distance moved in the attenuation medium, c0 is the phase velocity corresponding to any reference frequency f0, γ=arctan(1 / Q) / π, sgn(f)=1 (f>0), sgn(f)=-1 (f<0), and Q is the rock quality coefficient.

[0118] In some embodiments, the overlay module 505 includes:

[0119] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated one by one, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0120] When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of different sections of boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0121] In some embodiments, the specific expression of the pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model is as follows:

[0122]

[0123] Where u is the vibration waveform of the multi-hole blasting, W f For the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model, a i Let δ(tt) be the blasting vibration proportionality coefficient for the i-th borehole. i Let be the Dirac delta function, and let represent the i-th impulse function. i Let t be the delay time for the i-th borehole, t be the time, and n be the total number of boreholes.

[0124] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the blasting vibration prediction method based on different seed waveforms also applies to the blasting vibration prediction device based on different seed waveforms in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0125] The blasting vibration prediction device based on different seed waveforms proposed in the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0126] (1) By monitoring multiple sets of seed waveforms at different distances, the corresponding characteristic waveform is selected for each blast hole in the blasting area according to the distance matching. This takes into account the influence of different types of waves (P wave, S wave and surface wave) on the waveform and frequency attenuation as the distance changes, and improves the accuracy of the prediction results.

[0127] (2) By constructing a multi-hole blasting vibration model based on Anderson's linear superposition principle, the purpose of determining the blasting vibration velocity, main frequency and duration by predicting the vibration waveform is achieved, and the magnitude of blasting vibration can be controlled according to the prediction results to ensure the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0128] (3) Compared with existing blasting vibration prediction methods, this method has wider applicability and wider applicability. This method is not only applicable to blasting near-field vibration prediction, but also to blasting far-field vibration prediction, and is especially applicable to tunnel drilling and blasting construction in complex environments.

[0129] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0130] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0131] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of preferred embodiments of the invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the invention pertain.

Claims

1. A method for predicting blasting vibrations based on different seed waveforms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Single-hole blasting tests were conducted outside the target blasting area to construct a set of characteristic waveforms; For each borehole in the target blasting area, a characteristic waveform is selected from the characteristic waveform set, and a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined, specifically including: When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole from the characteristic waveform set according to a preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined. When each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated, a characteristic waveform is selected for all blast holes in the same segment according to a preset distance matching principle in the characteristic waveform set, and the first distance between all blast holes in the same segment and their corresponding characteristic waveform is determined. Determine whether the pre-detonation blast hole in the target blasting area is on the propagation path from the blast hole to the target monitoring point. If the pre-detonation blast hole is on the propagation path, calculate the effective propagation distance between the pre-detonation blast hole and the blast hole to be detonated based on the shielding effect. Based on the effective propagation distance, select a characteristic waveform for each blast hole in the characteristic waveform set, or select a characteristic waveform from all blast holes in the same segment. Otherwise, select a characteristic waveform for each blast hole in the characteristic waveform set, or select a characteristic waveform from all blast holes in the same segment, based on the distance matching principle. The specific expression for the effective propagation distance is: in, It is the attenuation constant. The shielding coefficient, and For field constants, This represents the actual distance between the borehole and the measuring point. The amount of explosive charge inside the borehole. Effective distance; Obtaining the second distance between each blast hole in the target blasting area and the target monitoring point specifically includes: When each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, the second distance between each blast hole and its corresponding target monitoring point is obtained; When each borehole section in the target blasting area is detonated, the second distance between the geometric center of all boreholes in the same section and the corresponding target monitoring point is obtained; A single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is constructed based on the first distance and the second distance to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each blast hole. The specific expression of the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is as follows: in, This is a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series. The Fourier transform of the characteristic aperture waveform, For the Kyrtason transfer function, The frequency is Hz. For any reference frequency, The distance traveled in the attenuating medium, For any reference frequency The corresponding phase velocity, , , Q is the rock quality coefficient; The single-hole attenuation waveforms of all blast holes are linearly superimposed to obtain the blasting vibration waveform of the group holes.

2. The method for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-hole blasting test of the target blasting area to construct a characteristic waveform set includes: A reference blasting hole is determined outside the target blasting area, and multiple vibration sensors are arranged at different distances around the reference blasting hole to conduct a single-hole blasting test; Multiple monitoring waveforms generated during the blasting of the reference blasting hole are collected, and the multiple monitoring waveforms are used as a feature waveform set; The feature waveform set is processed to obtain the feature waveform set.

3. The method for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear superposition of the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all blast holes yields the group-hole blasting vibration waveform, including: When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated one by one, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all the boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform. When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated, the single-hole attenuation waveforms of different sections of boreholes are linearly superimposed using a pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model to obtain the group-hole blasting vibration waveform.

4. The method for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific expression of the pre-constructed Anderson linear superposition model is as follows: in, The waveform of multi-hole blasting vibration. This is a vibration prediction model for single-hole blasting. For the first The blasting vibration ratio coefficient of each blast hole Let be the Diclave function, representing the first... A pulse function, For the first The delay time of each blast hole For time This represents the total number of boreholes.

5. A device for predicting blasting vibration based on different seed waveforms, characterized in that, include: A module is built to conduct single-hole blasting tests outside the target blasting area in order to build a set of characteristic waveforms; The determination module is used to select a characteristic waveform from the characteristic waveform set for each borehole in the target blasting area, and to determine a first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform, specifically including: When each borehole in the target blasting area is detonated one by one, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole in the characteristic waveform set according to the preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between each borehole and its corresponding characteristic waveform is determined. When each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated, a characteristic waveform is selected for all blast holes in the same segment according to the preset distance matching principle, and the first distance between all blast holes in the same segment and their corresponding characteristic waveform is determined. To determine whether the pre-detonation borehole in the target blasting area is on the propagation path from the undetonated borehole to the target monitoring point, if the pre-detonation borehole is on the propagation path, the effective propagation distance between the pre-detonation borehole and the undetonated borehole is calculated based on the shielding effect. Based on the effective propagation distance, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole in the characteristic waveform set, or a characteristic waveform is selected for all boreholes in the same segment. Otherwise, based on the distance matching principle, a characteristic waveform is selected for each borehole in the characteristic waveform set, or a characteristic waveform is selected for all boreholes in the same segment. The specific expression for the effective propagation distance is: in, It is the attenuation constant. The shielding coefficient, and For field constants, This represents the actual distance between the borehole and the measuring point. The amount of explosive charge inside the borehole. Effective distance; The acquisition module is used to acquire the second distance between each blast hole in the target blasting area and the target monitoring point, specifically including: When each blast hole in the target blasting area is detonated sequentially, the second distance between each blast hole and its corresponding target monitoring point is obtained; When each borehole section in the target blasting area is detonated, the second distance between the geometric center of all boreholes in the same section and the corresponding target monitoring point is obtained; The simulation module is used to construct a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series according to the first distance and the second distance, so as to simulate the single-hole attenuation waveform of each blast hole. The specific expression of the single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series is as follows: in, This is a single-hole blasting vibration prediction model based on Fourier series. The Fourier transform of the characteristic aperture waveform, For the Kyrtason transfer function, The frequency is Hz. For any reference frequency, The distance traveled in the attenuating medium, For any reference frequency The corresponding phase velocity, , , Q is the rock quality coefficient; The superposition module is used to linearly superimpose the single-hole attenuation waveforms of all blast holes to obtain the blasting vibration waveform of the group holes.

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