Camellia oleifera forest biodiversity vegetation construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia oleifera forest biodiversity vegetation construction method, belongs to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and solves the problems that growth of worst weeds and seed propagation are difficult to effectively inhibit, the soil environment cannot be effectively improved, and the organic matter content, porosity and water retention of soil cannot be effectively improved by adopting single vegetation in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: determining a vegetation construction object, determining a plant mixed sowing strategy based on the vegetation construction object, determining plant varieties interplanted with camellia oleifera plants within and outside a preset radius range based on plant heights, and determining the sowing quantity and the planting density of the plant varieties; according to the embodiment of the invention, the biological diversity of the camellia oleifera forest can be effectively increased, the ecological stability of the camellia oleifera forest is improved through diversified vegetation construction, so that the growth rate and density of worst weeds are remarkably reduced, and meanwhile, the soil structure and fertility of a camellia oleifera field are remarkably improved. The ecological environment of a camellia oleifera field is remarkably improved, and healthy growth of camellia oleifera is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of camellia oleifera planting technology, specifically relating to a method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests. Background Technology

[0002] Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil crop, widely cultivated in many southern provinces of my country, including Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Guangdong. Camellia oleifera forests not only provide my country with abundant edible oil resources but also play a vital role in soil and water conservation and ecological improvement. However, the planting and management of Camellia oleifera forests face numerous challenges, particularly the management of understory vegetation. Due to the complex and variable environmental factors affecting Camellia oleifera cultivation, different plant species are suitable for its growth, especially in mountainous areas with poor soil, where the growing environment is particularly demanding. Therefore, selecting suitable plant species for vegetation establishment is crucial for the healthy growth and enhanced ecological benefits of Camellia oleifera forests.

[0003] Currently, research on vegetation construction in camellia oleifera forests mainly focuses on monoculture models, with commonly used plants including ryegrass and legumes. These plants are planted primarily for aboveground forage, with the main objective of obtaining some forage output. However, this monoculture model has several problems: Weed problem: In newly planted camellia oleifera forests, weeds grow vigorously, especially tall weeds, which severely affect the photosynthesis of camellia seedlings and inhibit their normal growth. Growers need to spend a lot of money every year to buy herbicides, while organic tea farmers rely on manual weeding, further increasing their economic burden.

[0004] Soil and water erosion: Some camellia oleifera plantations have sparse vegetation, with no other plants on the ground besides camellia oleifera, which easily leads to soil and water erosion problems.

[0005] Insufficient biodiversity: The diversity of weeds in camellia oleifera fields varies, but most of them are weeds that are not conducive to the growth of camellia oleifera. There is a lack of flowering plants that are beneficial to the pollinating insects of camellia oleifera. The flowering time of camellia oleifera is mainly concentrated from the end of the year to January of the following year. At other times, camellia oleifera fields lack flowering plants. In particular, after land preparation or the use of herbicides, some beneficial and harmless flowering plants are also removed.

[0006] Poor soil: The soil in camellia oleifera fields is usually poor. Introducing some legumes and green manure plants can help improve soil structure and fertility.

[0007] In response to the current problem that existing technologies for constructing Camellia oleifera forest vegetation mostly adopt a monoculture planting model, which is difficult to effectively suppress the growth of noxious weeds and seed dispersal, cannot meet the pollen source requirements of Camellia oleifera pollinating insects, and cannot effectively improve the soil environment, increase soil organic matter content, porosity and water retention, we propose a biodiversity vegetation construction method for Camellia oleifera forests. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests. This method solves the problems that existing technologies using a single vegetation species are unable to effectively suppress the growth and seed dispersal of noxious weeds, cannot meet the pollen source requirements of camellia oleifera pollinating insects, and cannot effectively improve the soil environment, increase soil organic matter content, porosity, and water retention.

[0009] Existing technologies using monoculture vegetation are insufficient to effectively suppress the growth and seed dispersal of noxious weeds, fail to meet the pollen source requirements of Camellia oleifera pollinating insects, and fail to effectively improve the soil environment, increase soil organic matter content, porosity, and water retention. To address these issues, we propose a biodiversity vegetation construction method for Camellia oleifera forests. In short, the method first determines the vegetation construction target, then determines the plant intercropping strategy based on the vegetation construction target, determines the plant species to be intercropped within and outside the preset radius based on the plant height, and determines the seeding amount and planting density of each plant species. Finally, based on the plant height, the plant species, seeding amount, and planting density to be intercropped within and outside the preset radius are determined for planting.

[0010] This invention is implemented as follows: a method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests, the method comprising: S10, Determine the vegetation construction objects, where the vegetation construction objects are plants sown from seeds and plants growing from stolons; S20: Obtain the vegetation construction object, determine the plant mixed seeding strategy based on the vegetation construction object, and output the plant mixed seeding strategy. S30, in response to the plant intercropping strategy, determines the plant species to be intercropped with Camellia oleifera plants within and outside the preset radius based on the plant height, and determines the seeding amount and planting density of the plant species. S40: Based on the plant height, determine the plant species, sowing amount, and planting density for intercropping camellia oleifera plants within and outside the preset radius, and complete the construction of camellia oleifera forest vegetation.

[0011] Preferably, the vegetation construction targets are leguminous plants, grasses, or asteraceae plants.

[0012] Preferably, the legumes include pigeon pea, edamame, and stylosus; the grasses include broadleaf paspalum, bermudagrass, late-maturing pennywort, and hybrid elephant grass; and the asteraceae include chicory and wedelia candel.

[0013] Preferably, the plant mixing strategy involves mixing two or three types of plants, such as legumes and grasses, legumes and asteraceae, legumes and legumes, grasses and asteraceae, grasses and grasses, and asteraceae and asteraceae.

[0014] Preferably, the preset radius range is 1 meter.

[0015] Preferably, the planting density of the plant species is 0.5-30 g / m². 2 .

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application have the following main advantages: This invention effectively increases the biodiversity of camellia oleifera forests. The diversified vegetation not only enhances the ecological stability of the forests but also, through selective vegetation construction, effectively suppresses the growth and seed dispersal of some pre-existing noxious weeds, significantly reducing their growth rate and density, thus improving the growth environment of the camellia oleifera. It also provides habitats for various organisms, promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it introduces various flowering plants, such as pollinator plants for bees and other pollinating insects. These flowering plants provide pollen sources outside the flowering season, significantly improving pollination efficiency and consequently increasing the yield and quality of the camellia oleifera. Simultaneously, the introduction of leguminous plants and green manure plants significantly improves the soil structure and fertility of the camellia oleifera fields. Leguminous plants can fix nitrogen, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil fertility; green manure plants can increase soil porosity, improving soil water retention and aeration. These measures work together to significantly improve the ecological environment of the camellia oleifera fields and promote the healthy growth of the camellia oleifera. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of the method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the reference herein to "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0019] Existing technologies using monoculture vegetation are insufficient to effectively suppress the growth and seed dispersal of noxious weeds, fail to meet the pollen source requirements of Camellia oleifera pollinating insects, and fail to effectively improve the soil environment, increase soil organic matter content, porosity, and water retention. To address these issues, we propose a biodiversity vegetation construction method for Camellia oleifera forests. In short, the method first determines the vegetation construction target, then determines the plant intercropping strategy based on the vegetation construction target, determines the plant species to be intercropped within and outside the preset radius based on the plant height, and determines the seeding amount and planting density of each plant species. Finally, based on the plant height, the plant species, seeding amount, and planting density to be intercropped within and outside the preset radius are determined for planting. This invention effectively increases the biodiversity of camellia oleifera forests. The diversified vegetation not only enhances the ecological stability of the forests but also, through selective vegetation construction, effectively suppresses the growth and seed dispersal of some pre-existing noxious weeds, significantly reducing their growth rate and density, thus improving the growth environment of the camellia oleifera. It also provides habitats for various organisms, promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it introduces various flowering plants, such as pollinator plants for bees and other pollinating insects. These flowering plants provide pollen sources outside the flowering season, significantly improving pollination efficiency and consequently increasing the yield and quality of the camellia oleifera. Simultaneously, the introduction of leguminous plants and green manure plants significantly improves the soil structure and fertility of the camellia oleifera fields. Leguminous plants can fix nitrogen, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil fertility; green manure plants can increase soil porosity, improving soil water retention and aeration. These measures work together to significantly improve the ecological environment of the camellia oleifera fields and promote the healthy growth of the camellia oleifera.

[0020] This invention provides a method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests. Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the implementation process of the method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests. The method specifically includes: S10, determine the vegetation construction objects, wherein the vegetation construction objects are plants that are sown from seeds and plants that grow from stolons; wherein the vegetation construction objects include, but are not limited to, legumes, grasses, and asteraceae.

[0021] Among them, the legumes include, but are not limited to, pigeon pea, edamame, and stylosus; the grasses include, but are not limited to, broadleaf paspalum, bermudagrass, late-maturing pennywort, and hybrid elephant grass; and the asteraceae plants include, but are not limited to, chicory and wedelia triloba. Plants sown from seeds have the advantage of being easy to plant and manage on a large scale, while plants that grow from creeping stems can quickly cover the ground and form a dense vegetation layer, effectively suppressing the growth of weeds.

[0022] S20: Obtain vegetation construction objects, determine plant mixing strategies based on the vegetation construction objects, and output the plant mixing strategies. The plant mixing strategies involve mixing two, three, or four types of plants, such as legumes and grasses, legumes and asteraceae, legumes and legumes, grasses and asteraceae, grasses and grasses, or asteraceae and asteraceae. This diverse mixing strategy not only increases vegetation biodiversity but also improves soil fertility and structure through the complementary effects between different plants. Legumes such as pigeon pea, edamame, broadleaf paspalum, and chicory can fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility; grasses such as late-maturing pennywort, hybrid elephant grass, and broadleaf paspalum can provide good ground cover and suppress weed growth.

[0023] S30, in response to the plant intercropping strategy, determines the plant species to be intercropped with Camellia oleifera plants within and outside a preset radius based on plant height, and determines the sowing amount and planting density of each plant species. The preset radius is 1 meter. Within the preset radius, shorter plants can be used for sowing, while outside the preset radius, taller plants can be used. The planting density of each plant species is 0.5-30 g / m². 2 Within a 1-meter radius of the camellia oleifera plants, primarily low-growing grasses are sown, while slightly taller grasses are sown beyond this radius. This spatial distribution strategy effectively avoids tall grasses shading and competing with the camellia oleifera plants, ensuring they receive sufficient sunlight and growing space. Low-growing grasses such as chicory, broadleaf paspalum, and edamame form a low vegetation layer around the camellia oleifera plants, providing good ground cover and soil protection. Slightly taller grasses such as late-maturing pennywort and hybrid elephant grass provide higher vegetation cover in areas away from the camellia oleifera plants, further suppressing weed growth.

[0024] Additionally, it should be noted that for shorter, creeping plants such as *Wedelia candel* and *Tradescantia pallida*, there is no area restriction. Planting density is based on stem nodes, with spacing ranging from 0.25m × 0.25m to 1.0m × 1.0m. Creeping plants can quickly cover the ground, forming a dense vegetation layer that effectively suppresses weed growth and can rapidly expand vegetation cover through stem node reproduction. The planting density can be adjusted according to specific circumstances to ensure uniformity and density of vegetation cover.

[0025] S40 involves determining the plant species, seeding rate, and planting density for intercropping Camellia oleifera plants within and outside a preset radius based on plant height, thus completing the Camellia oleifera forest vegetation construction. Through selective vegetation construction, the growth and seed dispersal of some prevalent noxious weeds in the Camellia oleifera field, such as Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus sinensis, are effectively suppressed. Selected grass species, such as Chicory, Paspalum distichum, and Eriocaulon buergerianum, possess strong competitiveness and can suppress the growth and seed dispersal of noxious weeds through rapid growth and ground cover, thereby improving the ecological benefits of the Camellia oleifera field.

[0026] In this embodiment, the vegetation construction method also includes selectively inhibiting the growth and seed dispersal of some noxious weeds originally present in the camellia oleifera field, such as beggar-ticks and miscanthus.

[0027] This invention effectively increases the biodiversity of camellia oleifera forests. The diversified vegetation not only enhances the ecological stability of the forests but also, through selective vegetation construction, effectively suppresses the growth and seed dispersal of some pre-existing noxious weeds, significantly reducing their growth rate and density, thus improving the growth environment of the camellia oleifera. It also provides habitats for various organisms, promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it introduces various flowering plants, such as pollinator plants for bees and other pollinating insects. These flowering plants provide pollen sources outside the flowering season, significantly improving pollination efficiency and consequently increasing the yield and quality of the camellia oleifera. Simultaneously, the introduction of leguminous plants and green manure plants significantly improves the soil structure and fertility of the camellia oleifera fields. Leguminous plants can fix nitrogen, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil fertility; green manure plants can increase soil porosity, improving soil water retention and aeration. These measures work together to significantly improve the ecological environment of the camellia oleifera fields and promote the healthy growth of the camellia oleifera.

[0028] Test Results: Field tests were conducted on the method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests provided in this embodiment of the invention. The tests included: the effect of single-sowing grass species and seed quantity; the effect of single-sowing grass species on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns; the effect of mixed sowing of two grass species on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns; the effect of mixed sowing of three grass species on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns; the effect of mixed sowing of four grass species on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns; the growth of single-sowing grass species; the growth of mixed sowing of two grass species; the growth of mixed sowing of three grass species; and the growth of mixed sowing of four grass species. Tables 1-8 show the test results.

[0029] Specifically, Table 1 shows the monosown grass species and seeding rates, which are the basic data for the entire vegetation construction. Different monosown grass species have different expected performance in Camellia oleifera forests, and the seeding rate is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the growth characteristics of the grass species, the soil and spatial conditions of the Camellia oleifera forest.

[0030] Table 1. Single-sowing grass species and seeding rate

[0031] Table 2 presents the effect of monoseeded grass species on inhibiting the growth of weed ferns. Considering the specific site characteristics of Camellia oleifera cultivation, the growth of weed ferns is closely related to soil fertility and moisture conditions. In barren and water-scarce mountain environments, the growth of weed ferns may be somewhat limited, but they will still compete with Camellia oleifera for resources. The inhibitory effect of monoseeded grass species on weed ferns reflects their competitive ability to adapt to these special soil conditions.

[0032] Table 2. Effect of monoculture grass seeds on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns.

[0033] As shown in Table 2, the grass species with the highest inhibition rate on fern growth was chicory (72.69%), followed by broadleaf paspalum (68.65%) and edamame (66.92%). The lowest inhibition rates were pigeon pea (50.62%) and late-maturing pennisetum (53.08%). The lowest average fern height was chicory (17.75 cm), followed by broadleaf paspalum (20.38 cm) and edamame (21.5 cm). The highest fern growth density was edamame (9 plants / m²) and broadleaf paspalum (8 plants / m²), while the lowest was late-maturing pennisetum and hybrid elephant grass (3 plants / m²).

[0034] Table 3 shows the effect of two mixed grass species on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns.

[0035] Table 3. Effect of mixed sowing of grass seeds on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns.

[0036] Table 3 illustrates the synergistic effect of different grass species combinations in suppressing the growth of weed ferns through mixed sowing of two grass species. Under the specific site conditions of Camellia oleifera forests, mixed sowing of two grass species may produce a better effect on suppressing weed ferns than sowing alone. This is because there may be synergistic effects between different grass species, and the suppression effect of mixed sowing on weed ferns is not only the control of individual weeds, but also a positive impact on the entire Camellia oleifera forest ecosystem. By suppressing weed ferns, better conditions are created for the growth of Camellia oleifera and other beneficial plants, and it may also have a positive impact on soil improvement, such as increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil structure.

[0037] Table 4 shows the effect of three grasses mixed sowing on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns.

[0038] Table 4. Effects of mixed sowing of three grasses on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns.

[0039] Table 4 shows the effect of mixed sowing of three grass species on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns, demonstrating the advantages of diverse plant combinations in camellia oleifera forests. The mixed sowing of these three grass species may have a stronger ability to adapt to the site conditions of camellia oleifera forests. Combinations of grass species from different families and genera, such as legumes, grasses, and asteraceae, can inhibit weeds and ferns in multiple ways, and the inhibitory effect of the mixed sowing of these three grasses on weeds and ferns helps to improve the ecological benefits of camellia oleifera forests. By inhibiting weeds and ferns, competition between weeds and camellia oleifera is reduced. At the same time, the mixed grass species may promote each other's growth, further improving the soil environment, such as increasing soil water retention and aeration, improving soil fertility, and providing a better ecological environment for the growth of camellia oleifera.

[0040] Table 5 shows the effect of mixed sowing of four grasses on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns.

[0041] Table 5. Effect of mixed sowing of four grasses on inhibiting the growth of weeds and ferns.

[0042] Table 6. Growth of grasses in pairs of mixed sowing

[0043] Table 7 Growth of three grasses when mixed.

[0044] Table 8. Growth of four grasses in mixed sowing

[0045] In summary, the test results in Tables 1-8 reflect, from different perspectives, the growth of monoculture and mixed-sowing grass species and their inhibitory effects on weeds and ferns under the special site conditions of Camellia oleifera forests. These results provide a solid practical basis for the biodiversity vegetation construction method for Camellia oleifera forests of this invention, proving the effectiveness and scientific validity of this method in adapting to the special environment of Camellia oleifera forests and improving their ecological benefits. The special characteristics of Camellia oleifera site, such as poor soil and water scarcity, have certain limitations on grass growth. This has resulted in some gramineous forage grasses that grow well in field trials growing shorter when planted in mountainous Camellia oleifera areas. However, by selecting grass species suitable for the site conditions of Camellia oleifera and adopting a reasonable mixed-sowing strategy, these limitations can be effectively overcome, achieving the construction of biodiversity and the improvement of ecological benefits in Camellia oleifera forests.

[0046] In summary, this invention provides a method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in Camellia oleifera forests. The embodiments of this invention can effectively increase the biodiversity of Camellia oleifera forests. The diversified vegetation construction not only enhances the ecological stability of the Camellia oleifera forests, but also effectively inhibits the growth and seed dispersal of some existing noxious weeds through selective vegetation construction, thereby significantly reducing the growth rate and density of these weeds, improving the growth environment of Camellia oleifera, and providing habitats for various organisms, promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem. Simultaneously, it introduces various flowering plants, such as pollinator plants for pollinating insects like bumblebees. These flowering plants can provide pollen sources outside the flowering season of Camellia oleifera, significantly improving pollination efficiency and thus increasing the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera. Furthermore, by introducing leguminous plants and green manure plants, the soil structure and fertility of the Camellia oleifera land are significantly improved. Leguminous plants can fix nitrogen, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil fertility; green manure plants can increase soil porosity, improving soil water retention and aeration. These measures work together to significantly improve the ecological environment of Camellia oleifera lands and promote the healthy growth of Camellia oleifera.

[0047] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add, delete, or otherwise adjust the features of the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict or creative effort, thereby obtaining different technical solutions that do not fundamentally depart from the concept of the present invention. These technical solutions also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests, characterized in that, The method includes: S10, Determine the vegetation construction objects, where the vegetation construction objects are plants sown from seeds and plants growing from stolons; S20: Obtain the vegetation construction object, determine the plant mixed seeding strategy based on the vegetation construction object, and output the plant mixed seeding strategy. S30, in response to the plant intercropping strategy, determines the plant species to be intercropped with Camellia oleifera plants within and outside the preset radius based on the plant height, and determines the seeding amount and planting density of the plant species. S40: Based on the plant height, determine the plant species, sowing amount, and planting density for intercropping camellia oleifera plants within and outside the preset radius, and complete the construction of camellia oleifera forest vegetation.

2. The method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation construction targets are legumes, grasses, and asteraceae plants.

3. The method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The legumes include pigeon pea, edamame, and stylosus; the grasses include broadleaf paspalum, bermudagrass, late-maturing pennywort, and hybrid elephant grass; and the asteraceae include chicory and wedelia candel.

4. The method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The plant mixing strategy involves mixing two or three plant families, such as legumes and grasses, legumes and asteraceae, legumes and legumes, grasses and asteraceae, grasses and grasses, and asteraceae and asteraceae.

5. The method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests as described in any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that: The preset radius range is 1 meter.

6. The method for constructing biodiversity vegetation in camellia oleifera forests as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The planting density of the plant species is 0.5-30 g / m². 2 .

Images