Measurement polling in wireless battery management

Abstract

The invention relates to measurement polling in wireless battery management. Techniques for dynamically interleaving measurement data into wireless scheduling for controlling data communications are described herein. A dual network manager architecture may be used to interleave upstream transmissions of measurement data from battery clusters into wireless scheduling of transmission of downstream control data from network managers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to wireless battery management systems (WBMS), and in particular to battery measurement reporting technology. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicles are gaining popularity. One factor driving EV adoption is improved battery management. Using a WBMS (Wireless Battery Management System), EVs can monitor battery charge and transmit this information to the control unit, enabling more reliable and efficient vehicle operation. In some cases, the control unit can transmit control data at high frequency to different battery modules to manage battery operation. However, simultaneously, it may be necessary to communicate battery charge levels. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention describes a method for measurement polling in a wireless battery management system, the method comprising: sending control data to a plurality of battery clusters by a first manager in a first portion of a time slot; sending first measurement data from a first battery cluster of the plurality of battery clusters to a second manager in the first portion of the time slot; sending the control data from the second manager to the plurality of battery clusters in a second portion of the time slot; and sending second measurement data from a second battery cluster of the plurality of battery clusters to the first manager in the second portion of the time slot.

[0004] The present invention also describes a wireless battery management system, comprising: a first manager for transmitting control data to a plurality of battery clusters in a first portion of a time slot; a first battery cluster of the plurality of battery clusters for transmitting first measurement data to a second manager in the first portion of the time slot; a second manager for transmitting the control data to the plurality of battery clusters in a second portion of the time slot; and a second battery cluster for transmitting second measurement data to the first manager in the second portion of the time slot.

[0005] The present invention also describes a dual network manager, comprising: at least one hardware processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to operate, the operation comprising: a first manager sending control data to a plurality of battery clusters in a first portion of a time slot and receiving first measurement data from a first battery cluster of the plurality of battery clusters in a second portion of the time slot; and a second manager for sending the control data to the plurality of battery clusters in the second portion of the time slot and receiving second measurement data from a second battery cluster of the plurality of battery clusters in the first portion of the time slot. Attached Figure Description

[0006] The various figures in the accompanying drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting its scope.

[0007] Figure 1 A block diagram of a wireless battery management system (WBMS) is shown.

[0008] Figure 2 A block diagram of the WBMS200 for transmitting downstream control data and upstream measurement data is shown.

[0009] Figure 3 An example of a time slot used for measuring polling is shown.

[0010] Figure 4 An example section of the communication scheduling used for measurement polling is shown.

[0011] Figure 5 An example section of wireless packets used for controlling data is shown.

[0012] Figure 6 An example of the next transport list for two time slots is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0013] As described above, the control unit can send control data to multiple battery clusters. For example, some electric vehicles can use an alternating current (AC) battery system. An AC battery system can include multiple battery clusters (e.g., 50-150 clusters), each cluster including a switch to generate discrete AC waveforms. The clusters can also include a microprocessor running a switching algorithm and a communication link that receives control data, including switching timing updates. Switching timing updates can be transmitted at a high frequency (e.g., every 1 millisecond). The large volume of downstream control data can make processing upstream measurement data difficult, especially in wireless implementations when downstream and upstream data streams use the same bandwidth.

[0014] This paper describes a technique for dynamically interleaving measurement data into a wireless schedule for control data communications. A dual network manager architecture can be used to interleave upstream transmissions of measurement data from battery clusters into a wireless schedule that transmits downstream control data from the network manager.

[0015] Figure 1 A block diagram of WBMS100 is shown. WBMS100 may include multiple battery modules 102.1-102.n, each battery module including multiple battery cells. For example, battery modules 102.1-102.n may include high-energy batteries composed of lithium-ion, sodium-ion, or solid-state materials. Batteries of different specifications, sizes, and shapes can be used. Each module can be coupled to a corresponding wireless cluster 104.1-104.n. WBMS100 may also include a BMS controller 120 having a dual network manager 122 and an electronic control unit (ECU) 128.

[0016] Each cluster 104.1-104.n may include one or more BMS monitors 106 and wireless nodes 108. The BMS monitor 106 may be coupled to the battery module and may monitor various conditions or properties of the battery module. The BMS monitor 106 may be provided as an integrated circuit, which may include a monolithically integrated BMS circuit or an integrated module comprising multiple integrated circuit dies or other circuit elements within a shared integrated circuit device package, as an illustrative example.

[0017] BMS monitor 106 can generate measurement data related to each battery module 102.1-102.n. BMS monitor 106 may include various sensors. BMS monitor 106 can sample battery voltage to monitor battery charge. BMS monitor 106 can also monitor the current and external surface temperature of the battery modules.

[0018] BMS monitor 106 can be coupled to wireless node 108 via a communication interface (e.g., via Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)). Both BMS monitor 106 and wireless node 108 can be mounted on a single printed circuit board (PCB). Wireless node 108 may include a wireless system-on-chip (SoC) that can include a radio transceiver communicating with dual-network manager 122 via a wireless network.

[0019] Wireless node 108 may include a microprocessor 110 and a network and security module 112. Microprocessor 110 may run a handover algorithm based on control information received from dual network manager 122. Wireless node 108 may include memory (not shown) for storing the handover algorithm and other information for operating wireless node 108. Network and security module 112 may encrypt and decrypt communication between wireless node 108 and dual network manager 122.

[0020] Wireless clusters 104.1-104.n may include H-bridge driver circuit 114 and H-bridge 116. H-bridge driver circuit 114 may be coupled to wireless node 108. For example, microprocessor 110 may send H-bridge control data to H-bridge driver circuit 114 based on control information received from dual-network manager 122 and a switching algorithm. H-bridge driver circuit 114 may then generate drive signals to control H-bridge 116 to provide different voltage levels (also called independent states) VN+, 0, and VN-. Different voltage levels can be used to generate discrete AC waveforms. Zero voltage can be provided when the corresponding wireless cluster is in bypass mode. For example, if a cluster does not receive control information for a period of time (e.g., 5 milliseconds), as a safety measure, the cluster may automatically switch to bypass mode.

[0021] Wireless clusters 104.1-104.n can communicate with each other and with the dual network manager 122 via a wireless network. The wireless network can be provided as a mesh network or similar. The wireless network can be provided using a short-range wireless communication network, such as using Time Synchronization Channel Frequency Hopping (TSCH) at ~2.4 GHz. The dual network manager 122 can function as a central node, and the wireless clusters 104.1-104.n can function as peripheral nodes. If a wireless cluster 104.1-104.n is released or disconnected by the dual network manager 122, it can search for a new network manager. The wireless network can be a secure network. For example, a secure connection can be established using, for example, certificate authentication before the wireless clusters 104.1-104.n communicate with a new network manager.

[0022] The dual network manager 122 may include a first manager 124 and a second manager 126 to communicate with the wireless clusters 104.1-104.n. The first manager 124 and the second manager 126 may be provided as a wireless SOC.

[0023] The network manager 122 can be coupled to the ECU 128 via a communication interface such as SPI. The ECU 128 may include a central BMS / control application 130 and an interface library 132 to control the operation of the WBMS 100. The ECU can be connected to a system monitor 134. The system monitor 134 can receive vehicle and motor information, such as motor position and speed.

[0024] ECU 128 can generate control data for operating different wireless clusters 104.1-104.n to generate discretized AC waveforms based on vehicle and motor information. WBMS 100 can modify the properties of the discretized AC waveforms based on current driving conditions. The frequency and amplitude of the discretized waveforms (e.g., sine waves) can be adjusted according to vehicle and motor information. For example, the vehicle's torque might correspond to a high amplitude where one group (e.g., all) of clusters are operating, i.e., cycling sequentially between their positive, zero, and negative contributions. On the other hand, if the vehicle pulls into a parking space, only a small subset of clusters (e.g., one cluster) might be activated to obtain the lower power required by the vehicle, while other clusters remain at zero voltage. The amplitude of the AC waveform can control the torque, thus resulting in acceleration, and the frequency of the AC waveform can control the motor speed.

[0025] The dual-network manager 122 can periodically send control data to wireless clusters 104.1-104.n. In practice, for AC battery operation, control data can be transmitted to wireless clusters 104.1-104.n very frequently, for example, every 1 millisecond. The dual-network manager 122 can also receive upstream measurement data from wireless clusters 104.1-104.n less frequently than the transmission of control data.

[0026] Figure 2 A block diagram of a WBMS200 for transmitting downstream control data and upstream measurement data is shown. The WBMS200 includes a dual network manager 202. The WBMS200 includes multiple wireless clusters 204.1-204.n arranged in strings 1-k. For example, wireless clusters 204-1-204-n can generate discrete AC waveforms for a motor (such as a three-phase motor). In this case, three strings (e.g., k=3) can be provided, where each string generates a discrete sine wave with a 120-degree phase difference based on control data received from the dual network manager 202. Each string can include N wireless clusters. For example, each string can include 18 wireless clusters (e.g., N=18), for a total of 54 clusters (e.g., N=54). In this example, the clusters can generate different voltage levels, such as +16V, 0V, and -16V.

[0027] The dual-network manager 202 can periodically transmit control data, for example, every 1 millisecond or less. For proper battery operation, the wireless clusters 204.1-204.n must reliably receive the control data. To improve reliability, redundancy in wireless communication can be utilized. The dual-network manager 202 can transmit the same control data multiple times within the same time slot. For example, the first manager can transmit control data on the first channel in the first part of the time slot, and the second manager can transmit the same control data on the second channel in the second part of the time slot. In some examples, the first and second managers can transmit control data in the same part of the time slot on different channels, such as different frequencies in the TSCH scheme. Redundancy in control data transmission improves communication reliability, thereby improving battery operating efficiency.

[0028] The dual network manager 202 can also receive measurement data from the individual wireless clusters 204.1-204.n. The measurement data may include attribute values ​​of the coupled battery clusters, such as the voltage of a single battery cell in the cluster, a single current flowing uniformly through the battery cluster, and temperature measurements from external thermocouples located around the battery cells. The measurement data may also include diagnostic data to verify the validity and integrity of the aforementioned attribute values, including measurements using separate voltage references and sampling via alternating digitization paths. Each wireless cluster 204.1-204.n may transmit measurement data corresponding to its respective battery module to the dual network manager 202 at a frequency lower than that of control data. For example, if unique control data is transmitted once per millisecond (e.g., the same control data is transmitted twice in a millisecond time slot), the corresponding wireless cluster may transmit its measurement data once every 100 milliseconds.

[0029] As described above, the dual network manager 202 can transmit the same control data multiple times within the same time slot. For example, the first manager can transmit control data on the first channel in the first part of the time slot, and the second manager can transmit the same control data on the second channel in the second part of the time slot. The time slot architecture can also be used to report upstream measurements to the dual network manager 202.

[0030] Figure 3 An example of time slot 300 used for measurement polling is shown. Figure 3 In this context, the use of time slot 300 is from the perspective of the first (or second) network manager in a dual network manager setup, as described above. In this example, time slot 300 is approximately 1 millisecond (or 1000 microseconds); however, other durations of time slots, such as those shorter than 1 millisecond, can also be used. The dual network managers can receive control data from the ECU using a wired connection such as SPI for transmission within time slot 300 of a previous time slot.

[0031] Time slot 300 includes a time slot setting 302 at the start of the time slot. This time slot setting 302 is shared by all other parts of the time slot communication, allowing multiple parts to be used for different communication actions. Several steps are performed before data is transmitted in the time slot, including obtaining the data to be transmitted from an external source (such as ECU 128), and powering on and configuring the transceiver. These setup operations involve software control and are therefore not entirely deterministic; thus, the setup time is buffered against worst-case performance. Each time slot includes its own time slot setting. Therefore, transmitting control data multiple times using different parts of a time slot is different and more efficient than transmitting control information multiple times in consecutive time slots.

[0032] Time slot 300 includes a downstream transmission section 304 (i.e., the first section). The first network manager can transmit control data during the downstream transmission section 304. During this time, the radio cluster can send the contents of the control data received in the previous time slot to various components, such as the H-bridge driver or the BMS monitor.

[0033] Time slot 300 includes an upstream receiving section 306 (i.e., the second section). The first network manager can receive measurement data from a designated radio cluster on a designated channel within the upstream receiving section 306. As discussed in further detail below, the second network manager can transmit control data on a different channel during the second section (i.e., the upstream receiving section 306 of the first network manager). Therefore, redundancy in the transmission of control data between the first and second network managers is maintained while allocating certain portions of the radio scheduling for reporting measurement data from the radio cluster.

[0034] Time slot 300 includes a column portion 308 for processing in preparation for communication in the next time slot. In some examples, column portion 300 may begin during the receiving portion 306. That is, once the radio components are engaged with the receiving portion 306, the processor can begin post-processing in column portion 308. This post-processing typically uses software intervention, so that appropriate adjustments can be made for worst-case scenarios. The next time slot can then begin from its respective time slot settings, as described above.

[0035] Figure 4 An example portion of the communication schedule 400 used for measurement polling is shown. For simplicity, the communication schedule shows the communication of the first manager (Mgr 1), the second manager (Mgr 2), and four clusters (C1-C4). The scheduling (and channel information) of uplink transmissions for a cluster can be broadcast before time slot 1. For example, the upstream transmission schedule can be transmitted to the radio cluster in an earlier time slot (e.g., time slot 0). In this example, the upstream transmission schedule includes C2 transmitting its measurement data in the first part of the first time slot, C3 transmitting its measurement data in the second part of the first time slot, C1 transmitting its measurement data in the first part of the second time slot, and C4 transmitting its measurement data in the second part of the second time slot.

[0036] In the first part (first half) of time slot 1, Mgr 1 transmits control data. For example, Mgr 1 may transmit control data on the first channel, such as the first frequency of the TSCH scheme, which all clusters except cluster 2 are listening to in the first part of time slot 1. While clusters C1, C3, and C4 are tuned to the first channel in the first part of time slot 1 to listen to Mgr 1 for control data, cluster C2 sends its measurement data to Mgr 2 on the second channel in the first part of time slot 1. Mgr 2 is tuned to the second channel and listens to C2's scheduled transmissions in the first part.

[0037] In the second part (second half) of time slot 1, Manager 2 sends control data that is identical to the control data sent by Manager 1 in the first part. For example, Manager 2 sends control data on the third channel. While clusters C1, C2, and C4 are listening to Mgr 2 in the second part of time slot 1 to obtain control data, cluster C3 sends its measurement data to Mgr 1 on the fourth channel of the second part of time slot 1. Mgr 1 is listening for C3's scheduled transmission in the second part.

[0038] In the first part (first half) of time slot 2, Mgr 1 transmits control data. For example, Mgr 1 could transmit control data on the first channel being listened to by all clusters except cluster 1 in the first part of time slot 1. While clusters C2, C3, and C4 are listening to Mgr 1 in the first part of time slot 2 to obtain control data, cluster C1 is sending its measurement data to Mgr 2 on the second channel in the first part of time slot 2. Mgr 2 is listening to C1's scheduled transmission in the first part.

[0039] In the second half (rear portion) of time slot 2, Manager 2 sends control data that is identical to the control data sent by Manager 1 in the first half of time slot 2. For example, Manager 2 sends control data on the third channel. While clusters C1, C2, and C3 are listening to Manager 2 in the second half of time slot 2 to obtain control data, cluster C4 sends its measurement data to Manager 1 on the fourth channel of the second half of time slot 2. Manager 1 is listening for C4's scheduled transmission in the second half.

[0040] Since all four clusters (C1-C4) transmit their measurement data in the first two time slots, and the transmission frequency of measurement data may be low (e.g., once every 100 milliseconds), the following time slots may only transmit control data and upstream measurement data, which improves the reliability of downstream control data. In addition to the time slots scheduled for each cluster to transmit its measurement data, these clusters have two opportunities to receive control data within a single time slot.

[0041] In the first part of time slot 3, Manager 1 transmits the control data that clusters C1-C4 are listening for. In the second part of time slot 4, Manager 2 transmits the same control data as that transmitted in the first part of time slot 4 when clusters C1-C4 are listening for. In some examples, the first and second managers can transmit control data in the same part of time slot 3 on different channels, such as different frequencies in the TSCH scheme. Time slot 4 can operate similarly to time slot 3.

[0042] As mentioned above, scheduling information for upstream transmissions of a cluster can be sent by the manager. This scheduling information can be dynamically updated based on successful or unsuccessful upstream transmissions. That is, if an upstream transmission of a cluster fails, the manager may reschedule the cluster to retransmit its measurement data.

[0043] Figure 5An example portion of a wireless packet 500 for control data is shown. As described above, wireless packet 500 can be transmitted by a first manager and a second manager. Wireless packet 600 includes a header portion and an application payload portion. As described above, the application payload portion can include control data. The header portion can include multiple bytes for a next transmission list (nextTx), which stores an ordered list of identifiers indicating clusters for transmitting their respective measurement data in upcoming time slots.

[0044] Figure 6 An example of the next transmission list for two time slots is shown. In this example, the dual network manager is able to poll both clusters to transmit upstream in each time slot, as described above. In the first time slot, the nextTx list includes C4, C3, C1, and C2. nextTx instructs C4 and C3 to send their respective measurement data in the next time slot, with C4 sending in the first part of the time slot and C3 sending in the second part. Considering that in this example, the transmission of C4 to the dual network manager succeeds in the first part of the time slot, C4 can be removed from the list. However, in this example, the transmission from C3 scheduled for the second part of the time slot fails, so the manager reinserts it into the list. Therefore, in the second time slot, nextTx includes C1, C2, and the reinserted C3.

[0045] As described in this article, measurement polling is an effective mechanism when using fast and reliable downstream control data in a system. Both uplink and downlink transmissions can fail on the wireless medium. As discussed, measurement polling can leverage the faster downstream update rate (e.g., 1ms vs. 100ms) in this application, meaning that upstream data can be scheduled using frequent downstream packets. If the manager is optimizing to minimize the time between any data refreshes from any cluster, upstream scheduling can be determined by which cluster has most recently reported the least amount of time.

[0046] The length of the `nextTx` field can be a trade-off between reliability and bandwidth. For longer `nextTx` values, such as 10 clusters in a list, each cluster's identifier can be repeated up to eight times in the ordered list before measurement data needs to be sent. The node's identifier first appears at the end of the list in the first manager control data, then in the first two elements of the second manager control data, and so on, until the cluster is ranked first in the list and set to report upstream measurement data in the next time slot. This repetition over time also provides nodes with opportunities to schedule measurements if performing the measurement takes time or if it is valuable to perform the measurement as close as possible to the transmission.

[0047] One advantage of using measurement polling is that clusters with lower success rates in transmitting data to the manager can be reinserted into the ordered list more frequently, thus securing a larger share of overall network bandwidth. This contrasts with static configuration systems, where all clusters are assigned a fixed and equal number of retries for each measurement data transmission. This strategy is particularly effective when downstream update rates are significantly higher than upstream update rates.

[0048] Various annotations

[0049] Each of the above non-restrictive aspects may exist independently or may be arranged or combined in various ways with one or more other aspects or other topics described in this document.

[0050] The above detailed description includes reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings illustrate, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These implementations are generally also referred to as “examples.” These examples may include other elements besides those shown or described. However, the inventors have also contemplated examples that provide only the elements shown or described. Furthermore, the inventors have contemplated examples of any combination or substitution of those elements (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described, whether with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof) or to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.

[0051] In the event of any inconsistency between the usage in this document and any other document incorporated by reference, the usage in this document shall prevail.

[0052] In this document, the terms “a” or “one” are common in patent documents and are used to include one or more, independent of any other instances or uses of “at least one” or “one or more”. In this document, the term “or” is used to indicate non-exclusivity, for example, “A or B” includes “A but not B”, “B but not A”, and “A and B”, unless otherwise stated. In this document, the terms “comprising” and “wherein” are used as synonyms for the corresponding terms “including” and “wherein”. Furthermore, in the following claims, the terms “comprising” and “including” are open-ended, meaning that a system, apparatus, article, composition, formulation, or method that includes elements other than those listed after such terms in the claim is still considered to be within the scope of that claim. Additionally, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0053] The methods described herein can be implemented, at least in part, by a machine or computer. Some examples may include computer-readable media or machine-readable media encoded with instructions operable to configure an electronic device to perform the methods described in the examples above. Implementations of these methods may include code, such as microcode, assembly language code, high-level language code, etc. Such code may include computer-readable instructions for performing various methods. The code may form part of a computer program product. Furthermore, in one example, the code may be tangibly stored on one or more volatile, non-transient, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media, for example, during execution or at other times. Examples of such tangible computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, hard disks, removable disks, removable optical discs (e.g., optical discs and digital video discs), magnetic tape cassettes, memory cards or memory sticks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), etc.

[0054] The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, the foregoing examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Other implementations may be used, for example, those that a person skilled in the art would use after reading the foregoing description. The abstract is provided to allow the reader to quickly determine the nature of the technical disclosure. This document is submitted on the premise that it should not be construed as interpreting or limiting the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the foregoing detailed description, various features may be combined to simplify this disclosure. This should not be construed as meaning that any unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, the subject matter of the invention may lie in certain features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the following claims are incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, each claim existing independently as a separate embodiment, and it is conceivable that these embodiments may be combined with each other in various combinations or arrangements. The scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for measurement polling in a wireless battery management system, the method comprising: The first manager sends control data to multiple battery clusters in the first part of the time slot; The first battery cluster among the plurality of battery clusters sends first measurement data to the second manager in the first part of the time slot; The second manager sends the control data to the plurality of battery clusters in the second part of the time slot; and The second battery cluster among the plurality of battery clusters sends second measurement data to the first manager in the second part of the time slot.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time slot includes a time slot setting portion shared by the first portion and the second portion.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first manager transmits the control data in a first portion of the first time slot on a first channel, and the first battery cluster transmits first measurement data in the first portion of the time slot on a second channel.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first channel is a first frequency of a Time Synchronization Channel Frequency Hopping (TSCH) scheme, and the second channel is a second frequency of the TSCH scheme.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the control data sent by the first manager comprises an ordered list of battery cluster scheduling data.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the battery cluster specified at the beginning of the ordered list is scheduled to transmit measurement data in the next time slot.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the control data includes switching information for the plurality of battery clusters to generate a discretized AC waveform.

8. A wireless battery management system, comprising: The first manager is used to send control data to multiple battery clusters in the first part of the time slot; The first battery cluster of the plurality of battery clusters is used to send first measurement data to the second manager in the first part of the time slot; The second manager is configured to send the control data to the plurality of battery clusters in the second part of the time slot; and A second battery cluster is used to send second measurement data to the first manager in the second part of the time slot.

9. The wireless battery management system of claim 8, wherein the time slot includes a time slot setting portion shared by the first portion and the second portion.

10. The wireless battery management system of claim 8, wherein the first manager is configured to transmit the control data in a first portion of the first time slot on a first channel, and the first battery cluster is configured to transmit first measurement data in the first portion of the time slot on a second channel.

11. The wireless battery management system of claim 10, wherein the first channel is a first frequency of a time synchronization channel frequency hopping (TSCH) scheme, and the second channel is a second frequency of the TSCH scheme.

12. The wireless battery management system of claim 8, wherein the control data sent by the first manager includes an ordered list of battery cluster scheduling transmissions.

13. The wireless battery management system of claim 12, wherein the battery cluster specified at the beginning of the ordered list is scheduled to transmit measurement data in the next time slot.

14. The wireless battery management system of claim 8, wherein the control data includes switching information for the plurality of battery clusters to generate a discrete AC waveform.

15. A dual network manager, comprising: At least one hardware processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to perform operations, the operations including: The first manager sends control data to multiple battery clusters in the first part of the time slot and receives first measurement data from the first battery cluster among the multiple battery clusters in the second part of the time slot. and A second manager is configured to send the control data to a plurality of battery clusters in a second portion of the time slot and to receive second measurement data from a second battery cluster among the plurality of battery clusters in a first portion of the time slot.

16. The dual-network manager of claim 1, wherein the time slot includes a time slot setting portion shared by the first portion and the second portion.

17. The dual-network manager of claim 1, wherein the first manager is configured to transmit the control data in a first portion of the first time slot on a first channel, and the first battery cluster is configured to transmit first measurement data in the first portion of the time slot on a second channel.

18. The dual-network manager according to claim 3, wherein the first channel is a first frequency of a Time Synchronization Channel Frequency Hopping (TSCH) scheme, and the second channel is a second frequency of the TSCH scheme.

19. The dual network manager of claim 1, wherein a transmission schedule for upstream measurement polling is sent to the plurality of battery clusters before the time slot.

20. The dual-network manager of claim 1, wherein the control data includes switching information for the plurality of battery clusters to generate a discrete AC waveform.

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