Restraint systems, devices, and methods

Abstract

Constraint systems and devices for deployment or placement over the upper body and / or limbs of a prone or supine subject. The upper body restraint (20) has a shell-like shape to define an interior region sized and shaped to accommodate an upper body of a human adult subject. The upper body restraint is sized and shaped to secure or receive an object on a support surface and has a sufficiently robust structure such that a user can safely exert its weight on a chest plate surface to prevent movement of the object. In appropriate cases, the restraint device may be tied or secured to the support surface. The limb restraint device is configured to be applied around a joint of a subject. The restraint system may include an upper body restraint device and one or more limb restraint devices.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to devices for temporarily, safely restraining an individual. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to devices for subduing, controlling, and restraining violent / agitated individuals during the often dangerous and intense phase of a takedown. BACKGROUND

[0002] In many situations, it is necessary to quickly restrain and / or subdue a certain individual. For example, law enforcement officials, medical care personnel, and the like often encounter situations where it is necessary to restrain a suspect or patient as quickly as possible to reduce the likelihood of injury to the restrained person as well as the officer or medical personnel. In many situations, the typical course of action is to force the suspect / patient to the ground or to another solid surface and secure them in a prone or supine position. One conventional technique for controlling a violent / agitated individual involves applying body weight to the chest or neck of the individual after they are in a prone or supine position during the so-called "takedown" phase. This approach can be highly dangerous to both the personnel and the individual as it has historically resulted in adverse events such as asphyxiation, injury, permanent disability, and death. Additionally or alternatively, the suspect / patient's ankles and wrists can be manually grasped and held in an effort to avoid injury to major joints, but this can be extremely difficult and time consuming to accomplish. Buckle-style restraint straps are available, but are slow to implement and often cannot be used on a violently struggling subject before they are successfully controlled. SUMMARY

[0003] The inventors of the present disclosure have recognized a need to address one or more of the above issues.

[0004] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems, devices, and methods for quickly and safely restraining a subject (e.g., a patient). Some embodiments include a lightweight upper body restraint device that is adapted to be quickly deployed and arranged over a subject to secure the subject to a floor or other flat surface. The upper body restraint device protects the user from kicks, punches, and spit attacks from the subject; controls the torso, hips, and / or limbs on the flat surface, allows the face and neck of the patient to be observed, and minimizes physical contact between the user and the subject. Once arranged over the subject, the user can apply their body weight on the surface of the upper body restraint device, the structure of which protects the subject from possible injury, restricted breathing, and the like. Other embodiments include one or more limb restraint devices configured to be quickly deployed over the elbow or knee of a subject for safely securing the limb of the subject. In some examples, the limb restraint devices can include handles, straps, and other optional features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1Ais a simplified perspective view of an upper body restraint device arranged over a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 1B is Figure 1A is an end view of the upper body restraint device of Figure 1C is Figure 1A is a top view of the upper body restraint device of Figure 2 is a simplified top view of an upper body restraint device arranged over a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 3 is a simplified end perspective view of another upper body restraint device in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 4 is a simplified end view of another upper body restraint device arranged over a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 5 is a simplified end view of another upper body restraint device arranged over a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 6 is a simplified end view of another upper body restraint device arranged over a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 7 is a perspective view of another upper body restraint device in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 8A and Figure 8B shows a storage state of the restraint device of Figure 7 Figure 9 is a simplified perspective view of another upper body restraint device in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 10 shows a situation in which a restrained subject is restrained using the restraint device of Figure 9 Figure 11 is a simplified perspective view of another upper body restraint device in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 12 is a simplified top view of several restraint devices applied to a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 13 is a simplified top view of several limb restraint devices applied to a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 14 is a simplified top view of a limb restraint device applied to a subject in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 15 is Figure 14 a simplified top view of the arrangement shown in Figure 16A is a side perspective view of a limb restraint device in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 16B ​​yes Figure 16A A cross-sectional view of a limb restraint device; Figure 17 A is available Figure 16A An enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the core of a limb restraint device; Figure 18A and Figure 18B It shows Figure 16A A cross-sectional view of the limb restraint device in its transition state; Figure 19 This is a side perspective view of a limb restraint device based on the principles of this disclosure; Figure 20 This is a side perspective view of a limb restraint device based on the principles of this disclosure; Figure 21 yes Figure 20 A simplified end view of two limb restraint devices connected to each other; Figure 22A This is a side perspective view of the limb restraint device in the open state according to the principles of this disclosure; Figure 22B yes Figure 22A An end view of the limb restraint device in a closed state; and Figure 23 This is a simplified top view of the constraint system applied to the object in accordance with the principles of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0006] This disclosure relates to restraint systems, apparatus, and methods for quickly and safely restraining and / or immobilizing an individual. In some embodiments, the systems and methods of this disclosure are configured to be deployed or placed over the upper body or other anatomical structures of a prone or supine subject to restrain the subject while protecting the subject from injury or ensuring the subject can breathe freely. In other embodiments, the systems and methods of this disclosure are configured to be deployed or placed over one or more limbs or joints of the subject. In other embodiments, the systems of this disclosure may include upper body restraint devices and limb restraint devices. In some embodiments, the restraint systems and apparatuses of this disclosure, or components thereof, are lightweight and high-strength, designed to reduce the risk of injury from their use by an aggressive person, or to reduce the risk of injury to a person using / applying the restraint device. The systems of this disclosure are sometimes referred to as Safety Protection and Control Systems (SSCS), which optionally consist of a Safety Protection Control Device (SCD) and four Safety Protection Limb Devices (SLD).

[0007] Figures 1A-1C An embodiment of an upper body restraint device 20 (or "turtle shell restraint device") according to the principles of this disclosure is shown. For reference, Figures 1A-1CThe diagram generally illustrates a portion of an object 22 to which an upper body restraint device 20 has been applied. The upper body restraint device 20 may be or resemble a shell or shell-like structure and forms or defines a chest plate 30, opposing first and second sidewalls 32, 34, first and second bottom supports 36a, 36b, and first and second top supports 38a, 38b. Details regarding the various components are provided below. In general, the upper body restraint device 20 defines an internal region 40 (generally indicated) that is sized and shaped to accommodate the upper body (chest and shoulder areas) or other anatomical structures of an adult human object 22. The supports 36a, 36b, 38a, 38b support the upper body restraint device 20 relative to a support surface (e.g., a floor, ground, wheelchair, bed, etc.). (For example, when the object 22 is lying prone on the floor, the supports 36a, 36b, 38a, 38b rest on the floor, thereby supporting the restraint device relative to the floor.) The side walls 32 and 34, combined with the corresponding supports 36a, 38a and 36b, 38b, are sized and shaped to be positioned above the shoulders of the object 22. The upper body restraint device 20 is sized and shaped to secure the object 22 to the ground surface and has a sufficiently robust structure to allow the user to safely apply their weight to the chest plate 30 to prevent the object 22 from moving without endangering the restrained person or the person applying the device 20. Therefore, during use, the upper body restraint device 20 safely restrains the object 22 without the risk of restricting the object's neck or chest, which could otherwise lead to or cause suffocation, while providing a physical barrier between the user and the restrained person.

[0008] The sternal plate 30 can be a generally flat or planar body, its size and shape determined according to the typical anatomical features of the adult human upper body. For example, the sternal plate 30 can be considered to have or define a bottom end 50 and an opposing top end 52. Bottom supports 36a, 36b extend downward from the bottom end 50 (relative to...). Figure 1B (Direction). For example, Figure 1B Ideally, the spacing between the bottom supports 36a and 36b, and therefore the width of the chest plate 30 along the bottom end 50, is large enough to be placed above the chest of a human adult. In some embodiments, a portion of the bottom wall 60 extends downward from the bottom end 50 of the chest plate 30 (relative to...). Figure 1B The edge 62 extends between the bottom supports 36a and 36b and terminates at the edge 62. The distance between the edge 62 and the lower surface of the bottom supports 36a and 36b is large enough to accommodate or be placed above the upper body or chest of the object. In addition, the edge 62 may have a curved or concave shape (relative to the bottom end 50) to better conform to the normal shape of the human torso.

[0009] The width of the chest panel 30 can increase from the bottom end 50 to the top end 52 (e.g., the width of the chest panel 30 along the top end 52 can be greater than the width along the bottom end 50), generally mimicking the natural shape of the human body from the torso to the shoulders. As Figure 1C As best shown, the cutout 70 can be defined along the top end 52 for providing space or an opening for at least a portion of the subject's head when the upper body restraint 20 is in place.

[0010] The length of the chest panel 30 between the bottom and top ends 50, 52 is selected according to the typical length of a human adult's torso from about the bottom of the ribs to above the shoulders. The top struts 38a, 38b extend downward from the top end 50. The first side wall 32 projects from the chest panel 30 and extends between and interconnects the first bottom strut 36a and the first top strut 38a. Similarly, the second side wall 34 projects from the chest panel 30 and extends between and interconnects the second bottom strut 36b and the second top strut 38b. The side walls 32, 34 can have similar or identical configurations, each forming a recess 80 sized and shaped to rest over the subject's 22 shoulder / upper arm area. In some embodiments, one or both of the side walls 32, 34 can optionally form or have a gripping device 82 (e.g., a cutout, handle, etc.) to facilitate easy grasping by the user's hand.

[0011] The length that the struts 36a, 36b, 38a, 38b extend from the chest panel 30, as well as the size of other openings or open areas of the upper body restraint 20, are selected to be sufficiently high to provide sufficient space or clearance for the subject's torso, chest, and neck to be restrained while contacting the floor (or other ground surface, such as a gurney or bed). The various dimensions of the upper body restraint 20 can be selected to accommodate the expected size of the subject to be restrained. For example, the upper body restraint 20 can be sized and shaped according to the anthropometric characteristics of an adult male. Other dimensions can be employed to accommodate other anthropometric characteristics. Regardless, the upper body restraint 20 is formed (e.g., by molding) from a strong, lightweight, structurally sound material (e.g., a hardened foam, plastic, etc.) that is capable of supporting the weight of a user (e.g., approximately at least 250 pounds) without collapsing or otherwise failing. In some optional embodiments, at least the chest panel 30 can include or incorporate a ballistic-resistant material, such that the upper body restraint 20 can be used as a shield in an active shooter scenario. In yet other embodiments, at least the chest panel 30 is transparent or substantially transparent (e.g., within 20% of being completely transparent), such that the user can be able to view the restrained subject through the chest panel 30.

[0012] In use, a user (e.g., law enforcement or medical personnel) can hold the upper body restraint device 20 close to a standing object to perform a rapid control maneuver (similar to catching a moth with a glass). Alternatively, the user can quickly place the upper body restraint device 20 above the object's chest and shoulders to quickly, easily, and safely secure them to a flat surface (e.g., the ground). The restraint device 20 acts as a shield for the user during the lowering process. Once the object 22 falls to the ground (e.g., as...), the restraint device 20... Figure 2As generally shown, a user can kneel, sit or stand on chest panel 30 to prevent movement of subject 22. Upper body restraint 20 has hollow areas for the chest and neck, and areas that contact the shoulders and / or upper arms and extend to the mid-upper arms to "pin" the subject to the ground (e.g., press the subject's scapula to the ground (or other flat surface), including the upper arms if possible). Upper body restraint 20 can be used to very quickly immobilize violent / agitated persons during a take-down without impeding their breathing or endangering the neck structure (the hollow areas are high enough so as not to interfere with chest movement while intentionally structurally protecting the chest and neck from contact by the user), and to minimize contact between the user and subject 22. The restraint mechanism provided by upper body restraint 20 does not require the user to restrain with their hands, but rather can be knelt on, sat on, or even stood on while awaiting assistance and / or while administering a sedative. Thus, upper body restraint 20 is very useful in many situations. For example, in situations where patients, suspects, prisoners, active shooters, and general attackers are subdued in healthcare facilities, schools, shopping malls, police arrests, public spaces, etc., there is often a dangerous and violent stage of the take-down. Regardless, upper body restraint 20 can maintain a safe distance between the subject (e.g., chest, neck, and head), upper body restraint 20, and the user performing the restraint / subduing when placed over a prone or supine subject. Restraint devices of the present disclosure (e.g., restraint device 20) are suitable for use in restraining a subject, but not necessarily for subduing a subject. Once a subject is briefly restrained to the extent that a restraint device can be applied, restraint devices of the present disclosure can be used as a "hand-held immobilization aid." In some examples, multiple devices 20 can be held by team members and used / placed over the patient's hips, arms, one leg, or both legs. In certain situations, placing a torso restraint device over both legs is another important use (e.g., on an emergency gurney), and due to its height and narrow shape, the team can choose to use the torso restraint device only for the legs and hips (e.g., press against the area below the abdomen to avoid restricting breathing). In this case, it can not be feasible to use the torso restraint device 20 for the upper chest because the patient can flail their arms, making it difficult to leverage body weight on a raised surface, and potentially causing injury to the workers. This is in contrast to situations where the surface is the ground or a wall, where 1 to 6 devices can be used to restrain the torso, hips, arms, one leg, or both legs against the flat surface to achieve immobilization, respectively.

[0013] The upper body restraint device of the present disclosure can include or incorporate one or more additional optional features. For example, the various edges depicted in the views can be rounded. The cutout 70 along the top end 52 can be minimized or omitted, and / or the upper body restraint device 20 can be positioned relative to the subject 22 such that the top end 52 covers the subject's mouth, serving as a spit shield.

[0014] While the shape of the first and second side walls 32, 34 are shown and described as being sized and shaped for use as upper arm restraints, other configurations are acceptable. For example, in other embodiments, the upper body restraint device can have a more vest-like shape to eliminate one or both of the upper arm restraint configurations of the side walls 32, 34. With this alternative design, the subject's upper arms are more readily available for receiving a sedation injection. In other embodiments, one or more structures can be formed or provided that are sized and shaped to more broadly capture or cover the upper arms. By way of example, Figure 3 An upper body restraint device 120 according to another embodiment of the principles of the present disclosure is illustrated. The restraint device 120 is highly similar to the upper body restraint device 20 described above Figure 1B ), namely having a shell-like shape defining an interior region 40 (generically designated) and sized and shaped to accommodate the upper body (chest and shoulder regions) of a human adult subject 22. In addition, the upper body restraint device 120 includes or defines a first auxiliary shell 132 and a second auxiliary shell 134. The first and second auxiliary shells 132, 134 extend from or are formed by the side walls 32, 34, respectively. The auxiliary shells 132, 134 each form a passageway sized and shaped for accommodating a respective upper arm region of the subject 22. In other embodiments, only one of the auxiliary shells 132, 134 is provided, in which case and in related embodiments, one of the subject's 22 upper arms is restrained while the other is exposed or free, e.g., for receiving a sedation injection.

[0015] As noted above, in some embodiments, the upper body restraint devices of the present disclosure can be secured to a subject using the weight of the user (sitting, kneeling or even standing on the chest panel). In other embodiments, the upper body restraint devices can include or incorporate features that facilitate a more secure engagement with the floor or other ground surface. For example, Figure 4 An upper body restraint device 150 of another embodiment is shown in simplified form. In Figure 4 In the view of FIG. 16, the upper body restraint device 150 has been applied to the subject 22, who is lying on the floor 160. With this in mind, the upper body restraint device 150 can generally have any of the shell-like forms described above to define an interior region 170 and include a chest panel 180, the interior region 170 being sized and shaped to be placed over the upper body of the subject 22. First and second top struts 182a, 182b project downwardly from the chest panel 180 according to the descriptions above (it will be appreciated that bottom struts can also be included, but are not shown in Figure 4(Hidden in the view). Each top support 182a, 182b includes or has a vacuum mechanism 184a, 184b (generally indicated) configured to generate or create a vacuum suction between the top support 182a, 182b and the floor 160 when manually actuated by a user, as is known in the art. For reference, the floors of places such as hospitals and schools are typically very smooth and hard. The vacuum mechanisms 184a, 184b can be manually operated (e.g., by sliders 186a, 186b) to generate a vacuum suction between the respective top support 182a, 182b and the floor 160, thereby better securing the restrained object 22 to the floor 160. By positioning the sliders 186a, 186b above the object's arms (when the upper restraint device 150 is mounted on the object 22), the object 22 is less likely to contact the sliders 186a, 186b to attempt to release the applied vacuum. However, the user can quickly access and operate the sliders 186a and 186b as needed, for example, to release the applied vacuum to remove the upper restraint device 150 from the object 22.

[0016] The upper body restraint device disclosed herein may optionally include one or more additional features that can further enhance fixation and / or reduce the risk of injury to the restrained person. For example, an upper body restraint device 190 of another embodiment is shown... Figure 5 It is applied to object 22. The upper body restraint device 190 may include any of the features described above (e.g., it may be substantially similar to...). Figure 3 (The upper body restraint device). Furthermore, the upper body restraint device 190 may include one or both of an inflatable airbag 192 and / or a cushioning layer 194. When the inflatable airbag 192 is provided, it is fixed to or along the inner surface of the device, for example, at or along one or more of the chest plate 30, side walls 32, 34, auxiliary housings 132, 134, etc. In some embodiments, two or more inflatable airbags may be provided. Regardless, the inflatable airbag 192 may be fluidly connected to a rapid inflation / deflation system and has user-operated buttons 196a, 196b, which, when actuated by the user, cause the inflatable airbag 192 to inflate or deflate. The cushioning layer 194 may be formed of a soft material (e.g., soft foam) and is fixedly applied to the surface of the inflatable airbag 192, providing a soft contact surface for the restrained object 22. In other embodiments where the inflatable airbag 192 is omitted, the cushioning layer 194 may be applied directly to the inner surface of the device.

[0017] While the upper body restraint device has been shown and described as being placed over a supine (i.e., lying on its back) human body, this disclosure also contemplates other configurations and end-use applications. For example, Figure 6Another upper body restraint device 230 in accordance with principles of the present disclosure is illustrated, which can be used, for example, to restrain a subject 22 while lying prone (i.e., lying on his or her stomach). In broad terms, the upper body restraint device 230 can have any of the structures described above, including or providing a top panel or wall 240 (e.g., similar to the chest panel 30 of the upper body restraint device 20 (Fig. 1) ) that is supported by two or more struts that collectively define a shell or cavity sized and shaped to be placed over the upper back, neck and shoulders of a prone subject 22. The shell is sized to accommodate the subject 22 in some examples, while the subject is wearing handcuffs. Regardless, the upper body restraint device 230 has sufficient structural strength to support the weight of a user kneeling, sitting or standing on the top panel 240, without buckling or collapsing.

[0018] The upper body restraint device 230 can optionally include one or more additional features that further enhance immobilization and / or reduce the risk of injury to the restrained subject 22. For example, the upper body restraint device 230 can include inflatable bladders 242. Where provided, the inflatable bladders 242 are secured to the interior surface of the shell (e.g., at or along opposite side regions that correspond to the location of the subject's shoulders when the device 230 is applied). Regardless, the inflatable bladders 242 can be fluidly connected to a rapid inflation / deflation system (e.g., including one or two air pumps hidden within the structure of the device 230, similar to a small air mattress pump) and have buttons 244a, 244b for operation by the user that cause the inflatable bladders 242 to inflate or deflate, respectively. When inflated, the bladders 242 can achieve a more conformal fit with the subject 22 and can be used, for example, with smaller sized individuals. The inflatable bladders 242 can be covered with padding, cushioning or similar cushioning material (e.g., similar to blood pressure cuff material). Optionally, other interior surfaces of the shell can be covered with cushioning or padding material (e.g., soft foam, egg crate material, etc.) to provide a soft contact surface for the restrained subject 22.

[0019] Another embodiment of a restraint device 250 in accordance with principles of the present disclosure is illustrated in Fig. 27, which can be used, for example, to restrain a subject 22 while lying prone (i.e., lying on his or her stomach). In broad terms, the restraint device 250 can have any of the structures described above, including or providing a top panel or wall 252 (e.g., similar to the chest panel 30 of the upper body restraint device 20 (Fig. 1) ) that is supported by two or more struts that collectively define a shell or cavity sized and shaped to be placed over the upper back, neck and shoulders of a prone subject 22. The shell is sized to accommodate the subject 22 in some examples, while the subject is wearing handcuffs. Regardless, the restraint device 250 has sufficient structural strength to support the weight of a user kneeling, sitting or standing on the top panel 252, without buckling or collapsing. Figure 7which can be used as, for example, an upper body restraint. The restraint 250 includes a platform assembly 260, a post 262, and a core 264. Details regarding the individual components are provided below. In general, the post 262 extends from the platform assembly 260, together defining an open space in which the core 264 is retained. Further, the core 264 defines an interior region 266 (generically indicated) that is sized and shaped to accommodate the head, neck, and upper body (chest and shoulders) of a human adult subject. During use, the post 262 supports the restraint 250 relative to a flat or support surface (e.g., the ground, a bed, a gurney, a backboard, etc.). For example, when the subject is prone on a floor or other support surface, the post 262 is placed against or onto the floor. The restraint 250 is sized and shaped to secure the subject on the support surface, and is of sufficiently robust construction so that a user can safely apply their body weight on the platform assembly 260 to prevent movement of the subject without endangering the restrained subject or the user of the restraint 250.

[0020] The platform assembly 260 can take various forms, including in some embodiments a platform or chest plate 270, and a window 272. The platform 270 is generally configured to bear the weight of a user (e.g., a user can kneel on the platform 270 while restraining a subject), and can include or have padding or similar material for user comfort over extended periods of contact. For example, the platform 270 can optionally be made of a lightweight, structurally robust material (e.g., metal, carbon fiber, titanium, etc.) to which a cushioning material or object is applied. A cutout 274 is formed in a front side 276 of the platform 270. The cutout 274 is sized and shaped to correspond to the size and shape of the window 272. The window 272 is assembled to the platform 270 at the cutout 274, and can be formed of an optically clear or substantially transparent material (e.g., clear or translucent organic glass or other plastic). In some embodiments, the window 272 is configured to provide additional protection to the user, such as impact resistance (e.g., ballistic resistant), for example by using ballistic resistant polycarbonate or acrylic sheeting. The platform assembly 260 can optionally include one or more additional components or features, such as a handle 276. While the handle 276 is shown as being formed of the same material as the platform 270, it is contemplated that the handle 276 can be formed of a different material, such as a metal or other material that is more structurally robust than the platform 270. Figure 7 The platform assembly 260 and post 262 are generally reflective of the size and shape being designed to arrange the platform 270 to be parallel to the flat surface on which the post 262 is placed, although other configurations are acceptable. For example, the restraint 250 can be configured to angle the platform 270 relative to the flat surface on which the post 262 is placed (e.g., 10-15 degrees), which and related embodiments can be beneficial to the user and situation to allow for greater stability when the user kneels on the platform 270.

[0021] The core 264 may be formed of a conformable material (e.g., foam, overmolded cushioning material, etc.) configured to abut and adapt to the anatomy of the restrained object, as explained further below. In some embodiments, the external dimensions of the core 264 generally correspond to the dimensions of the platform 270 and the struts 262 to provide a compact overall footprint for the restraint device 250, facilitating handling and use. For example, the core 264 may be considered to define a front end and an opposite rear end, as well as a first side and an opposite second side. The profile of the internal region 266 typically increases in width from the front end to the rear end. In some cases, the front end is typically located near or above the head / neck region of the object, while the rear end will be located near or above the upper body region of the object. However, the restraint device 250 (and therefore the core 264) is equally suitable for securing other anatomy of the object (e.g., hips, arms, legs) alone or in conjunction with the torso. In addition to the internal region 266, other recesses may be formed in the core 264 to accommodate features of the restraint device 250. Grooves may be formed at each corner of the core 264 to receive corresponding struts 262. The recess 292 can form an upper surface that passes through the core 264, opening towards the front end and the inner region 266. The size and shape of this recess are designed to correspond to the cutout 274, and therefore also to the window 272. After final assembly, as... Figure 7 As shown, the user can observe the inner region 266 (and thus the objects located within the inner region 266) from above the restraint device 250 through window 272.

[0022] In use, a user (e.g., law enforcement or medical personnel) can hold the restraint device 250 (e.g., at the handle 276) and approach the subject to perform rapid control operations. Once the subject falls to the ground (or onto another supporting surface), for example in a supine position, the restraint device 250 is positioned over the desired anatomical area of ​​the subject (e.g., on...). Figure 10 In a non-limiting example, the upper body, neck, and head are restrained, allowing the core 264 to directly contact the object. Opposing supports 262 can be positioned above and below the object's shoulder area, and the core 264 readily adapts to the object's anatomy. The restraint device 250 can be positioned relative to the object so that the object's head is easily visible through window 272. The user can then kneel, sit, or stand on platform 270 to prevent movement of the object (the object is restrained by the core 264 and the user's weight). While the object's shoulders are effectively secured to the support surface, the size and shape of the internal region 266 are designed to provide clearance above the object's chest and neck areas, allowing the object to breathe freely or easily. Depending on the environment of the restrained object, the restraint device 250 can be secured in place by straps. For example, in the case where the object 22 is restrained on a wheelchair, bed, or similar support surface, it can be secured by handle 276 (…). Figure 7The harness is placed to secure the restraint 250 to the support surface.

[0023] The restraint 250 is equally applicable when applied to other anatomical regions of a subject and / or when the subject is in different positions. For example, the restraint 250 can be used to control a subject in a prone position.

[0024] In some embodiments, the restraint 250 is configured to transition from a stored or folded state to an expanded or use state as shown. For example, and with reference to Figure 8A and Figure 8B , the struts 262 can be releasably or pivotably attached to the platform assembly 260. Similarly, the core 264 can be removable relative to the platform assembly 260 and the struts 262. In this regard, in optional embodiments where the core 264 is formed of foam or similar material, the core 264 can be held in a folded or constrained arrangement in the stored state. For example, the core 264 can be held or stored in a folded or flattened state within a container 320 (e.g., a vacuum-sealed bag). In some examples, the core 264 in the folded state is at least three times smaller in size than in a normal or unconstrained state. In some non-limiting examples, the core 264 can have a height of about 16 inches in the normal or unconstrained state and a height of about 3 inches in the folded state. Regardless, for these and related embodiments, the stored state of the restraint 250 can include the disassembled (or folded) struts 262 and the folded / flattened core 264 secured within the interior of the platform assembly 260 as shown in Figure 8A and Figure 8B .

[0025] Another embodiment of a restraint 350 according to the principles of the present disclosure is shown in Figure 9 which can be used as, for example, an upper body restraint. The restraint 350 includes a frame 360 (generically designated), a kneeling platform or chest plate 362, and first and second shoulder straps 364, 366. As a reference, the platform 362 is shown partially transparent in the view of Figure 9 to facilitate understanding.

[0026] The frame 360 can be configured to facilitate transition between a stored state (not shown) and an expanded state as shown in Figure 9 . The frame 360 forms or defines a rear frame member 370, a front frame member 372, and first and second lateral members 374, 376. The lateral members 374, 376 extend between and interconnect the rear and front frame members 370, 372 to maintain the frame members 370, 372 in the spaced apart arrangement shown. At least in the expanded state, the rear frame member 370 forms or defines a central region 380 and opposing first and second struts 382, 384. The central region 380 can have Figure 10The illustrated arcuate shape. First and second struts 382, 384 extend from opposite sides of central region 380 and terminate at end portions 386, which are generally configured to rest stably on a surface during use. In this regard, the shape and size of end portions 386 provide sufficient surface area to support restraint device 350 under expected forces (e.g., the weight of an adult human). However, in some embodiments, the width of each strut 382, 384 is narrow enough to fit between the upper arm and torso of an adult human for handcuffing operations, if necessary. While central region 380 and struts 382, 384 are shown and described as being defined by a single continuous body, in other embodiments, one or both of struts 382, 384 can be formed separately from central region 380 and then assembled to central region 380. Front frame member 372 can be substantially identical to rear frame member 370 to form or define central region 390 (which is optionally arcuate) and opposing struts 392, 394.

[0027] Transverse members 374, 376 can have substantially identical structure and generally extend rigidly between opposite ends of central regions 380, 390. For example, first transverse member 374 can extend from a point generally dividing first strut 382 of rear frame member 370 from central region 380 to a corresponding location on front frame member 372. As described in greater detail below, the shape and arrangement of transverse members 374, 376 relative to frame members 370, 372 provide a convenient gripping surface for a user of restraint device 350. Thus, in some embodiments, transverse members 374, 376 can be used as handles or grips by a user.

[0028] In some embodiments, frame 360 is configured to be lightweight but structurally strong, e.g., formed from aluminum or similar metal or metalloid materials (e.g., carbon fiber, titanium, etc.) optionally having cushioning material or objects applied thereto. The cross-sectional shape of frame members 370, 372 and transverse members 374, 376 are selected to be a shape that remains expanded under expected forces as described below. In this regard, the overall strength of frame 360 can be enhanced by the optional arcuate or curved shape of central regions 380, 390.

[0029] As described above, in some embodiments, frame 360 is configured to be folded from Figure 9to a stowed state (or from a stowed state to a deployed state). In the stowed state, at least two (optionally, all) of the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 pivot inwardly and toward the respective central regions 380, 390. In some embodiments, the frame 360 is configured such that at least two (optionally, all) of the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 are effectively loaded by springs (e.g., by the shape of the frame 360, auxiliary mechanisms, etc.) and can be biased to be in the deployed state on their own. For example, only two of the struts 392, 394 are attached to the harnesses 364, 366, respectively. During use, all four of the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 can be placed against a surface, while the first two struts 392, 394 near the subject's shoulder can be mechanically lowered to cause the harnesses 364, 366 to firmly contact the ground. In other embodiments, the frame 360 can be configured such that one or more or all of the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 are extendable / retractable relative to the respective central regions 380, 390. Regardless, for embodiments in which the frame 360 is allowed to transition between the deployed state and the stowed state, one or more mechanisms can be provided to hold the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 in one or both of the deployed state and the stowed state relative to the respective central regions 380, 390. For example, one or more mechanisms (not shown) can be provided to hold the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 in the stowed state (e.g., spring-loaded ratchet-type mechanisms). An actuator (e.g., a button or similar device) can be provided in one or both of the cross members 374, 376. When actuated by the user, the one or more mechanisms are prompted to release or extend the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 to the deployed state, in which the struts 382, 384, 392, 394 are rigid or firm held or locked. Alternatively, other configurations can be employed.

[0030] Regardless of whether the frame 360 is transitionable from the deployed state to the stowed state, in some embodiments, the frame 360 is configured to be transitionable from the stowed state to the deployed state. In some embodiments, the frame 360 is configured to be transitionable from the deployed state to the stowed state and from the stowed state to the deployed state. Figure 9In the deployed state, the distance between the end of the strut 386 and the corresponding central region 380, 390 is large enough to be placed over the subject (e.g., generally defining or creating an interior region sized and shaped to be placed over the subject). In some embodiments, the restraint 350 can optionally be configured such that the lateral distance between the struts 382, 384 and the struts 392, 394 is adjustable. For example, a sliding mechanism 400 can be provided at the rear frame member 370 configured to shorten or widen the lateral distance between the struts 382, 384 in the deployed state. For these and related embodiments, an actuator (not shown) can be provided (e.g., disposed along one or both of the lateral members 374, 376) that a user triggers to lock the sliding mechanism 400 when the desired distance between the struts 382, 384 is achieved. Although not shown, a similar sliding mechanism (and corresponding actuator) can be provided at the front frame member 372 for adjusting the distance between the struts 392, 394 in the deployed state. For embodiments in which the distance between the struts 382, 384 and the struts 392, 394 is adjustable, the restraint 350 can be quickly arranged to fit the size of a particular subject and the desired anatomy of the subject to be restrained. That is, the restraint 350 can be more generally applied to the chest, back, waist, arms, legs, etc. of a subject.

[0031] The platform 362 can take various forms and be mounted to the central regions 380, 390 (e.g., at the top of the frame 360) as shown. The platform 362 is generally configured to bear the weight of a user (e.g., a user can kneel on the platform 362 while restraining a subject) and can include or have padding or similar material for the comfort of the user over time and to protect the user and the individual being controlled from the device being used by the individual to attempt to contact and / or harm one or more users. In some embodiments, the footprint of the platform 362 is less than the available area between the central regions 380, 390 and between the lateral members 374, 376. For these non-limiting examples, one or more open areas or spaces (one of which is labeled 402 in FIG. 4) are provided along the restraint 350 through which the restrained subject can be viewed. Figure 9

[0032] ​Shoulder straps 364 and 366 can take various forms and are typically configured to contact and restrain an object in a manner that minimizes pain. For example, shoulder straps 364 and 366 may each resemble backpack straps, including a base of nylon or polyester webbing or similar durable, high-tensile-strength material (e.g., leather) covered with padding (e.g., foam, cloth, etc.). In other examples, straps 364 and 366 may be made of lightweight material (e.g., fabric or a flexible, thin plastic in a "bellows-like" shape) to attach to an upper platform, thereby preventing the restrained person from gripping the straps securely during restraint events. Regardless, straps 364 and 366 are attached to frame 360 ​​to extend below platform 362. In some examples, a first shoulder strap 364 extends from a first post 382 of the rear frame member 370 to a central region 390 of the front frame member 372 on one side of the platform 362, and a second shoulder strap 366 extends from a second post 384 of the rear frame member 370 to a central region 390 of the front frame member 372 on the opposite side of the platform 362. As will be clearly explained below, this acceptable configuration facilitates the placement of the shoulder straps 364, 366 over the shoulders of an object during use. In some embodiments, the connection point between the shoulder straps 364, 366 and the frame 360 ​​(e.g., at the front frame member 372) can be adjusted by a mechanism (e.g., a sliding, ratchet-type, or latch-type mechanism) to allow the user to raise or lower the shoulder straps 364, 366 relative to the platform 362 to better accommodate the size of a particular object. For these and related embodiments, the straps 364, 366 can, for example, slide from a released state to a locked state along the front frame member 372.

[0033] During use, a user (e.g., law enforcement or medical personnel) can approach the object with the restraint device 350 (e.g., at the lateral members 374, 376), quickly actuate the restraint device 350 to the deployed state, and perform rapid control operations (similar to catching a moth with a glass). Once the object 22 falls to the ground (e.g., as...), Figure 10 (as generally shown), the restraint device 350 is then placed above the desired anatomical region of the object 22 (e.g., in...). Figure 10In a non-limiting example (upper body), shoulder straps 364, 366 are brought into direct contact with the object 22. In an alternative embodiment where the restraint device 350 provides one or more sizing features (e.g., an adjustable distance between struts 382, ​​384), the user can arrange the restraint device 350 to a desired size to fit the object / anatomical position. The user can then kneel, sit, or stand on the platform 362 to prevent movement of the object 22 (the object is restrained by shoulder straps 364, 366). In embodiments where shoulder straps 364, 366 extend from struts 382, ​​384 of the rear frame member 370 to the central region 390 of the front frame member 372, the user's weight on the platform 362 effectively keeps the shoulder straps 364, 366 taut, and this tension is used to move the shoulder straps 364, 366 upward along the central region 390 or push them into a locked position relative to the object 22. Figure 10 The shoulder straps 364 and 366 are arranged such that only relatively small forces or pressures are applied to the shoulders (or other anatomical structures) of the subject 22, sufficient to prevent the subject 22 from exerting force against the user's weight. The curved shape of the central regions 380 and 390 helps to enhance the overall strength of the restraint device 350 in bearing the user's weight, while providing sufficient space for the subject's neck and breathing. The first pillars 382 and 392 (and the second pillar (in Figure 10 The spacing between the straps 364 and 366 is designed to allow the arm of the subject 22 to pass through. The ends of the straps 364 and 366 are adjustable up and down to provide a close contact with the shoulder and / or upper arm, depending on individual size. Importantly, the position of the straps 364 and 366 within the frame 360 ​​is restricted, preventing them from being lowered below the width of an average adult's neck. This prevents the device from being used to suffocate another person by rotating the device and placing the straps in the neck area, even if it falls into the hands of an agitated individual. In some examples, a fixed minimum height (approximately 6 inches) from the straps 364 and 366 to a flat surface will allow the user or another person attacked by the device (if the device is rotated 90 degrees) to turn their head to one side under the straps 364 and 366 and gain structurally protected breathing space against attempts by an agitated individual to abuse the device. Importantly, the height of the foam insert block within the frame 360 ​​and below the chest plate, which applies pressure to the individual's shoulders and / or upper arms against a flat surface, also provides this anti-suffocation protection function. That is, a soft foam layer is provided on the bottom surface of the foam insert block so that even if the device is used improperly, it will not compress the neck to the point of causing breathing difficulties.

[0034] Another embodiment of the restraint device 410 according to the principles of this disclosure is shown in Figure 11 It can be used, for example, as an upper body restraint device. Restraint device 410 is similar to the restraint device 350 described above. Figure 9), and includes a kneeling platform or chest plate 420, first and second rear pillars 422, 424, first and second front pillars 426 (it should be understood that the second front pillar is hidden in the view), and first and second shoulder straps 430, 432. For reference, platform 420 is in Figure 11 In the view, it is shown as partially transparent for easier understanding.

[0035] In some embodiments, the restraint device 410 may be the restraint device 350 ( Figure 9 A flat-top version of ). Supports 422-426 are formed as extensions of platform 420 and, in some embodiments, are configured to transition from a storage state to Figure 11 The restraint device 410 may include one or more appropriate mechanisms and corresponding actuators to allow the user to quickly deploy the supports 422-426 into the deployed state. In other embodiments, the arrangement of shoulder straps 430, 432 may assist or enable the deployment of one or more or all of the supports 422-426. For example, shoulder straps 430, 432 (e.g., padded nylon webbing) may extend from a corresponding one of the rear supports 422, 424 to the underside of the platform 420, as shown. Once the shoulder straps 430, 432 come into contact with the object and the user's weight is applied to the platform 420, the shoulder straps 430, 432 force the rear supports 422, 424 into the deployed state as shown. In any case, the shoulder straps 430, 432 are pushed upward into the locked position by the user's weight on the platform 420.

[0036] The restraint device 410 may optionally be provided with one or more additional features. For example, a handle 440 may be provided at the platform 420 for easy gripping. One or more mechanisms may be provided for adjusting the lateral distance between the rear struts 422, 424 and the front strut 426 (e.g., similar to the sliding mechanism 400 described above). Figure 9 )).

[0037] In some embodiments, the upper body restraint device of this disclosure can be used alone to restrain a subject. In other embodiments, the system of this disclosure may also include one or more limb restraint devices to cover and / or surround joints (knees and elbows) that a struggling subject might use to punch and / or kick healthcare / security personnel. This provides safety for the subject, who is typically restrained by pressure on the chest, legs, and arms when subdued. In some examples, and referenced... Figure 12In addition to the upper body restraint device 250, the system disclosed herein may also include one or more limb restraint devices 252 for the subject's arms or elbows, one or more limb restraint devices 254 for the subject's legs or knees, and a restraint device 256 for the lower torso / hips at or below the waistline. In general, restraint devices 250-256 may be highly similar to the upper body restraint device 20 described above, but their size / shape is designed for a specific anatomical structure. Like the upper body restraint device 20, restraint devices 200-204 include or are provided with a rigid wall 258 (e.g., a thoracic plate 30 similar to the upper body restraint device 20), which is supported by two or more pillars that collectively define a shell or cavity sized to be positioned above a specified anatomical structure. With this configuration, once applied to the subject 22, the user can kneel, sit, or stand on the restraint devices 250-256 to better secure the subject 22. One or more of the restraint devices 250-256 may be combined with additional features that facilitate safe and reliable application to the intended anatomical structure. For example, the hip restraint device 256 may have an arched shape to limit pressure applied to the lower abdomen of the object 22, may be lined with foam or other cushioning materials (e.g., egg-shaped material, mattress material, cushioning pad, etc.), or may include or have an inflatable bladder to form a close fit with the object 22. In some embodiments, two or more restraint devices 250-256 may be used together as part of a system method for controlling the object 22. Each of a number of personnel is responsible for one (or possibly more) restraint devices 250-256 to control / restrain the object 22 to a solid surface, such as... Figure 12 As shown in general.

[0038] The limb restraint device of this disclosure may take other forms. Another embodiment of the four limb restraint devices 300 according to the principles of this disclosure is shown below. Figure 13 It is applied to object 22. In summary, the limb restraint device 3000 is configured as a rapid-inflation restraint device. As described below, the limb restraint device 300 may include dual rapid inflation options (e.g., using either a carbon dioxide canister or a reusable method via an air compressor), a rapid inflation port (the Code Green team can use a small portable air compressor for rapid manual or automatic inflation and deflation), etc. The limb restraint device 300, by inflating, straightens and immobilizes limbs that are typically in a bent, striking, or kicking position, as well as elbows and knees that workers are hesitant to grasp for fear of injuring the object, thereby facilitating the rapid immobilization of violent / aggressive objects during subjugation.

[0039] For example, the limb restraint device 300 may include an inner layer and an outer layer, each formed of a flexible, airtight material. In use, the inner layer is intended to contact the object, while the outer layer is exposed. In other embodiments, one or both of the inner and outer layers may be formed or covered by plastic, canvas, or other durable materials. In other embodiments, one or both of the inner and outer layers may be transparent or substantially transparent to allow observation of the object to which the limb restraint device 300 is applied (e.g., for assessing breathing and circulation). As described in more detail below, an internal inflation area is defined between the inner and outer layers (e.g., the inner and outer layers may be secured to each other in a sealed manner along their peripheries). Complementary fasteners or fastening materials (e.g., hook-and-loop complementary fastening materials, such as Velcro®) may be provided on the inner and outer layers respectively. With this configuration, the limb restraint device 300 can be wrapped around the object's limb, with the complementary fasteners engaging with each other to secure the wrapped limb restraint device 300 in place. In this respect, the limb restraint device 300 can be relatively large in size to facilitate quick wrapping around the bent legs or arms of the object.

[0040] One or more quick-inflation port assemblies are disposed on the outer layer and are operable from outside the outer layer. The quick-inflation port assemblies are configured for quick insertion into an inflation device nozzle (e.g., a portable air compressor nozzle). The limb restraint device 300 can also be configured to quickly self-inflate or automatically inflate by manual actuation (e.g., pulling) of one or more pull cords.

[0041] In summary, the rapid inflation port assembly may include, in some examples, a port tube and a diffuser body. The port tube is in fluid communication with the exterior of the outer layer and the diffuser body. The diffuser body is fixed to the interior of the inner layer and forms a plurality of vents. A self-sealing membrane is disposed within or formed by the port tube. With this configuration, an inflation nozzle (not shown) can be inserted into the port tube and enter or pass through the membrane. Airflow from the nozzle is directed to the diffuser body and discharged into the interior region, causing the limb restraint device 300 to inflate (forcing the inner and outer layers away from each other). The limb restraint device 300 can deflate in the opposite manner. In some embodiments, the inflation port assembly may also include a funnel fixed to the port tube and exposed to the exterior of the outer layer. When a funnel is provided, it provides a convenient surface for more quickly guiding the inflation nozzle into the port tube. In some related embodiments, the funnel may be releasably fixed (e.g., threaded engagement) to the port tube.

[0042] The limb restraint device of this disclosure may optionally include one or more additional features. For example, in some embodiments, the limb restraint device of this disclosure includes or combines two or more airbags (e.g., layered airbags) to increase durability and redundancy (e.g., an internal inflatable airbag and an external inflatable airbag in case of leakage from the internal airbag). In other embodiments, and referring to... Figure 14 Two limb restraint devices 310 are shown applied above the knees / legs of the object 22.

[0043] The limb restraint device 310 can be highly similar to the limb restraint device 300 described above. Figure 13 The restraint device 310 is typically configured to wrap around and inflate the object 22. Furthermore, the restraint device 310 includes or has one or more straps 312. One or more straps 312 are secured to and extend from the outer layer of the respective restraint device 310, and may include quick-release buckles 314. With this configuration, straps 312 from two restraint devices 310 can be connected to each other (e.g., between the forearms of the object and / or between the lower legs or thighs of the object). Alternatively or additionally, straps 312 can be connected to another object 320 (e.g., ...). Figure 15 As shown, for example, a sturdy backboard, ambulance wheelchair, emergency room wheelchair, bed, etc. In any case, the straps 312 connected in this way can additionally restrain the movement of the object. For reference, Figure 14 and Figure 15 Further illustration shows a cuff-type limb restraint device 330 secured around the wrists and ankles of subject 22. The cuff-type limb restraint device 330 is similar in height to the limb restraint devices described above, but smaller in size, more closely resembling the dimensions of a human wrist or ankle. The inflatable cuff-type ankle and wrist restraint device 330 with quick-release plastic buckles provides redundancy within the system for rapidly inflatable large joint fixations in case of accidental deflation. Additional straps may also be provided to address this situation, as applying these additional straps would be a safe and simple process once subject 22 is subdued.

[0044] Another example of a limb restraint device 400 according to the principles of this disclosure is shown in Figure 16A and Figure 16B The limb restraint device 400 includes a core 410, a liner 412, and a flap 414. Details about the individual components are provided below. In general, the core 410 is sized and shaped to be placed over and / or around a limb of a subject. The liner 412 covers the core 410. The flap 414 extends from the outer surface of the liner 412. The liner 412 and the flap 414 may provide convenient surfaces or features to facilitate a releasable, close fit of the limb restraint device 400 to the subject's limb. The limb restraint device 400 may optionally include padding (e.g., a removable pad) to further ensure a non-traumatic, close fit to the subject's limb.

[0045] The core 410 is formed to have a generally tubular shape and terminates at opposing open ends 420 (one of the open ends 420 is in Figure 16A (See in the image). For example... Figure 16B As best shown, the core 410 forms an incomplete circle in cross-section to define the inner region 422, and the opposing edges 430, 432 of the core 410 are separated by a gap 434 along the entire length of the core 410. The core 410 has a robust, lightweight, and flexible structure that maintains an incomplete circular shape but can be easily forced into larger and smaller dimensions or diameters (i.e., from...). Figure 16B (Showing size or diameter conversion). More specifically, the structure of the core 410 allows the opposing edges 430, 432 to be forced toward each other, and the edges 430, 432 can overlap to reduce the size of the gap 434, thereby reducing the size or diameter of the inner region 422. Conversely, the structure of the core 410 allows the opposing edges 430, 432 to be forced away from each other to increase the size of the gap 434, thereby increasing the size or diameter of the inner region 422. With this structure, the opposing edges 430, 432 can be forced away from each other to facilitate easy insertion of the object's limb into the inner region 422 through the currently enlarged gap 434. Alternatively or additionally, the object's limb can slide into the inner region 422 through the open end 420. In any case, once the object's limb is within the inner region 422, the opposing edges 430, 432 can be forced toward each other, causing the limb restraint device 400 to become tight on the object's limb.

[0046] The core 410 can be formed of various materials suitable for restraining a limb in a relatively non-invasive manner. In some embodiments, the core 410 is or includes a foam material (e.g., polyethylene foam commonly used in pool floats). For non-limiting examples Figure 17 The core 410 includes first and second layers 440 and 442. The first layer 440 may have a stiffer structure (compared to the stiffness of the second layer 442), such as a relatively rigid closed-cell foam. The second layer 442 may be a softer material (e.g., eggshell-shaped or other soft foams, cushioning materials, padding materials, etc.). With this optional construction, the first layer 440 provides sufficient stiffness to the core 410 to maintain its structural shape when subjected to the intended force (e.g., when applied to the limb of a struggling object, the core 410 will only allow minimal (if any) bending along its length).

[0047] The second layer 442 is arranged to face the internal area 422 ( Figure 16BThis is to minimize trauma to the object's body. In other embodiments, the core 410 may have a single structure (e.g., a single layer or a single material). In other embodiments, the core 410 may include three or more different materials (e.g., one or more strips of plastic may be inserted between the first and second layers 440, 442 to increase the longitudinal rigidity of the core 410). While the core 410 is generally shown as a continuous body, in other embodiments, one or more slits may be formed in the wall thickness of the core 410 to enhance heat transfer from the object's body during use (thus effectively acting as a cooling mechanism).

[0048] Back Figure 16A and Figure 16B Liner 412 may resemble a sleeve, its size and shape designed to cover core 410 (for reference, liner 412 is shown not extending around opposing edges 430, 432 for illustrative purposes). In some embodiments, liner 412 is formed of a lightweight, waterproof material (e.g., nylon) suitable for contact with human skin (e.g., providing infection control). In related embodiments, core 410 may be removably inserted into liner 412 (e.g., a zipper, elastic band, or similar closure may be provided at one or both ends of liner 412). For these and similar configurations, liner 412 can be removed from core 410 and washed between uses. In any case, liner 412 is sized and shaped to fit gap 434 (i.e., when placed on core 410, liner 412 forms an incomplete tube), thereby allowing opposing edges 430, 432 of core 410 to be forced toward or away from each other as described above.

[0049] The winglet 414 is formed of a durable, high-strength, stretchable material (e.g., elastic fabric or resilient textile). Figure 16BGenerally shown, the flap 414 is attached to (or formed by) the outer surface of the liner 412, for example, near the first edge 430 when the liner 412 is finally assembled onto the core 410, and extends to the free end 450. The flap 414 can be pulled and manipulated to apply force to the liner 412, which is then transmitted to the core 410, causing the core 410 to exhibit a smaller size or diameter as described above (i.e., causing the opposing edges 430, 432 to face each other). Furthermore, the flap 414 and / or the liner 412 have or form one or more fastening mechanisms for securing the flap 414 to the liner 412 in a tightened or contracted arrangement. For example, complementary fasteners or fastening materials can be provided (e.g., hook-and-slip complementary fastening materials, such as Velcro®). In a non-limiting example, the hook-and-slip material of the strip 452 is formed or disposed on the underside of the flap 414. The complementary hook-and-loop material of the first and second strips 454, 456 (i.e., complementary to the hook-and-loop form of the strip 452 of the wing 414) is formed or disposed at different locations on the outer surface of the liner 412, these locations being adapted to engage with the wing strip 452 during use. In some examples, the materials of the first and second strips 454, 456 may be different from each other, and the structure of the first strip 454 is selected to achieve a retaining force with the wing strip 452 that is weaker than the retaining force provided by the structure of the second strip 454.

[0050] Optional configurations of complementary fastening materials 452-456 can facilitate the rapid application and fixation of the limb restraint device 400 to the object's limb. For example, after the object's limb is placed within the inner region 422, the free end 450 of the flap 414 can immediately be guided toward the liner 412, and the flap strip 452 contacts and engages with the first strip 454, as... Figure 18A As generally shown. In this initial arrangement, the limb restraint device 400 may not fit tightly against the object's limbs, but is typically positioned via the wing strips 452 ( Figure 16B ) and the first band 454 ( Figure 16B The interface between them remains in place. When ready, the user can easily detach the flap 414 from the liner 412 and apply tension. This action, in turn, causes the limb restraint device 400 to retract, as... Figure 18B As generally shown. Once the user is satisfied with the fit between the retracted limb restraint device 400 and the object's limb, the flap 414 can be guided again toward the liner 412, causing the flap strip 452 to engage with the second strip 456. The high holding strength between the flap strip 452 and the second strip 456 ensures that the limb restraint device 400 is securely held on the object's limb. Alternatively, other devices or mechanisms may be used to secure the limb restraint device 400, which may or may not include complementary fastening materials.

[0051] Back Figure 16A and Figure 16B The limb restraint device 400 may optionally include or have one or more additional features to further facilitate use and / or object restraint. For example, another limb restraint device 500 is shown... Figure 19 The limb restraint device 500 may be highly similar to the limb restraint device 400 described above, and may also include one or more external handles 502. The handles 502 may be attached to or formed from the lining 412, and may have a soft foam covering. With the handles 502 provided, they offer a convenient gripping surface for the user. For example, when restraining a limb, the limb restraint device 500 can be used as a self-defense item or shield, and can be used to guide a person to a corner or wall, etc.

[0052] In other embodiments, the limb restraint device of this disclosure may be provided with one or more straps. For example, another limb restraint device 550 is shown in... Figure 20 The limb restraint device 550 may be highly similar to the limb restraint devices 400 and 500 described above, and may also include one or more straps 552. One or more straps 552 are secured to and extend from the outside of the liner 412, and may include quick-release buckles (not shown). With this configuration, the straps 552 can be attached to another object (e.g., a robust backrest, ambulance wheelchair, emergency room wheelchair, bed, etc.). In related embodiments, and referring to… Figure 21 Different lengths of straps can be set. Figure 21 In the illustrated embodiment, two limb restraint devices 550a and 550b are generally depicted, each having at least one shorter strap 554 (and one or more longer straps 552). When the first limb restraint device 550a is applied to one arm (or leg) of the subject and the second limb restraint device 550b is applied to the other arm (or leg) of the subject, the shorter straps 554 from the two limb restraint devices 550a and 550b can be connected to each other to further restrain the movement of the subject.

[0053] Another example of a limb restraint device 600 according to the principles of this disclosure is shown in Figure 22A and Figure 22BThe limb restraint device 600 includes a base 610, a pad 612 (generally indicated), and an optional outer liner or sleeve (not shown). Details of the various components are provided below. In general, the base 610 has a clamshell configuration, sized and shaped to be placed above and / or around the limb of an object. The pad 612 is secured to the inner surface of the base 610. If a liner is provided, the liner covers the base 610 and the pad 612. The limb restraint device 600 can be quickly applied to and secured to the limb of an object, and optionally includes or has one or more additional features that facilitate further restraint of the object's movement.

[0054] The base 610 can take various forms, and in some embodiments includes first and second base portions 620, 622. Base portions 620, 622 can be identical or substantially identical, and each base portion defines a "C" or "U" shape (e.g., a semicircle) laterally along its length. By way of non-limiting example, base portions 620, 622 can be formed by longitudinally dividing an elongated tubular body. A seam or hinge 624 connects the edge of the first base portion 620 to the edge of the second base portion 622. In this arrangement, the first base portion 620 terminates at a free edge 630 opposite to the seam 624, and the second base portion 622 terminates at a free edge 632 opposite to the seam 624. The seam 624 is configured to allow the base portions 620, 622 to hinge relative to each other (pivot at the seam 624), such that the base 610 can be easily opened (into an open state). Figure 22A ) and closed state ( Figure 22B The base 610 defines a closed internal region 634 in the closed state. In some embodiments, the base portions 620, 622 are sized and shaped such that, in the closed state, the free edge 632 of the second base portion 622 externally overlaps the first base portion 620, and the stiffness or similar properties of portions 620, 622 are sufficient to provide a locking effect in the closed state. In other embodiments, latches (or similar mechanisms), straps, etc., may be provided at the limb restraint device 600 to releasably hold or lock the base 610 in the closed state. In any case, a limb of an object can be placed into one of the base portions 620, 622 in the open state, and then the limb of the object will be secured within the internal region 634 by changing the base 610 to the closed state. For embodiments in which the base 610 is configured such that, in the closed state, the free edge 632 of the second base portion 622 externally overlaps the first base portion 620, the degree of overlap can be selected to optimally adjust the size of the internal region 634 relative to the size of the restrained limb.

[0055] The base portions 620, 622 may be formed of a strong, lightweight, relatively thin material (e.g., hardened cardboard, plastic, etc.). In some embodiments, the material of the base portions 620, 622 is recyclable. The seam 624 may be continuous along the length of the base portions 620, 622 (e.g., a continuous strip of flexible tape, cloth, or similar material) and / or may include one or more hinges or similar mechanisms.

[0056] Pads 612 are disposed on the inner surface 636 of each base portion 620, 622, and can take various forms suitable for conformal contact with the limb of the object (e.g., soft foam, egg-box foam, fabric, etc.). In some embodiments, pads 612 include a first pad 640 disposed at least at the first base portion 620 and a second pad 642 disposed at the second base portion 622. For these and related embodiments, the size, shape, and position of pads 640, 642 are designed not to interfere with the free pivoting movement of the base portions 620, 622 at the seam 624. Pads 640, 642 can be secured to the respective base portions 620, 622 in various ways. In some examples, the limb restraint device 610 is configured such that pads 640, 642 are removably associated with the respective base portions 620, 622. For example, complementary fasteners or fastening materials (e.g., hook-and-loop complementary fastening materials, such as Velcro®) can be provided at the inner surface 636 of each base portion 620, 622 and at the pads 640, 642. In related embodiments, a variety of pads with different configurations can be provided to the user (e.g., differing in one or more aspects of thickness, size, and shape), and the user can then select the pad best suited for a particular object and attach the selected pad to the base portion 620, 622 using complementary fasteners. In other embodiments, the pads 640, 642 can be more permanently fixed to the respective base portions 620, 622 (e.g., by adhesives, welding, etc.). In other embodiments, the liner 612 can consist of a single liner body extending along both base portions 620, 622.

[0057] When an outer liner or sleeve is provided, the outer liner or sleeve can be similar to the above-described... Figure 16A and Figure 16BLiner 412 of the embodiment. In general, the outer liner or sleeve is sized and shaped to cover the base 610 and the padding 612, and may be formed of a lightweight, waterproof material (e.g., nylon) suitable for contact with human skin (e.g., providing infection control). The outer liner or sleeve may be configured to removably receive the base 610 and the padding 612 (e.g., a zipper, elastic band, or similar closure may be provided at one or both ends of the outer liner sleeve). With these and similar configurations, the outer liner can be removed from the base 610 and washed during breaks in use. In any case, the outer liner is sized and shaped to allow the base 610 to be easily switched between open and closed states.

[0058] The limb restraint device 600 may optionally include any of the additional features described above. For example, one or more external handles (similar to the handle 502 described above) may be provided. Figure 19 The handle can be attached to the outer lining or base 610 (in embodiments excluding the outer lining) and can have a soft foam covering. The optional handle provides a convenient gripping surface for the user; for example, when restraining a limb, the limb restraint device 600 can be used as a self-defense item or shield, and can be used to guide the object to a corner or wall, etc. Alternatively, the limb restraint device 600 can provide one or more straps (the straps can be similar to the strap 552 described above). Figure 20 The strap is fixed to and extends from the exterior of the outer liner or base 610 (in embodiments excluding the outer liner) and may include a quick-release buckle. With this configuration, the strap can be attached to another object (e.g., a robust backboard, ambulance wheelchair, emergency room wheelchair, bed, etc.). In relevant embodiments, and as described above regarding... Figure 21 As described, straps of different lengths can be provided. Specifically, shorter straps provided to two limb restraint devices 600 can be connected to each other to further restrain the movement of the object.

[0059] Regardless of the specific design, any limb restraint device disclosed herein is suitable for a wide range of applications. For example, it can be used in situations such as subduing patients, suspects, prisoners, active shooters, and general attackers in medical facilities, schools, shopping malls, police arrests, and public spaces, where there is often a dangerous and violent subjugation phase. Parent / caregiver teams can also use the limb restraint device at home.

[0060] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the restraint system 700 includes an upper body restraint device 710, limb restraint devices 720 (any of the aforementioned limb restraint devices), limb restraint devices 722 (any of the aforementioned limb restraint devices including straps), and optional cuff-type limb restraint devices 724. Regardless of the specific design, the system 700 can be used quickly, safely, and in stages during the subduing phase. In some embodiments, the limb restraint devices may be contained in flat pockets on either side of the upper body restraint device to provide an all-in-one system for subduing violent individuals. These pockets may also contain one or more sedation injection kits, first aid supplies, a cell phone, an automatic alarm, and a site locator to attract other caregivers / staff / security backup. In related embodiments, the system 700 may be configured to automatically send an alarm to a security office, 911, etc., when retrieved from storage in a school corridor, ward, hospital room, waiting room, etc. Once the object is secured to the floor by the upper body restraint device 710 and subdued through adequate restraint, the limb restraint devices 720, 722 can be quickly applied to the object's knees and elbows to transfer them to a wheelchair. A wrist restraint device with a quick-release plastic buckle can provide redundancy for joint fixation devices.

[0061] Once object 22 is restrained to a hard surface by professionals using shell-type restraint devices (typically performed by two or more professionals, each responsible for one shell-type restraint device), the limbs of object 22 can be released from their respective shell-type restraint devices (one limb at a time) and placed into limb restraint devices (e.g., any of the aforementioned limb restraint devices) as part of the control and transfer system. For reference, although... Figure 23 The illustration shows the legs of an object secured to each other by straps provided by limb restraint device 722, but in other embodiments, limb restraint devices applied to the object's arms (i.e., Figure 23 The limb restraint device 720 may also include straps (e.g., short straps that can be connected to each other) to secure the object's arms in a handcuff-like device. The limb restraint devices can then be connected together by strap binding or buckle locking as described above. The object 22 with the limb restraint devices applied can then be safely moved or transferred, for example, by rolling it onto a backboard and transferring it to a bed with a more durable restraint device, and / or by releasing it after it has calmed down.

[0062] The systems and apparatus disclosed herein offer significant improvements over previous designs. Upper body and other shell-type restraint devices, as well as limb restraint devices, can be used individually or in combination. In any case, the systems and apparatus disclosed herein can address problems such as approaching violent / aggressive teenagers and adults (as a last resort when de-escalation techniques are ineffective and the risk is too high to leave the subject unrestrained), protecting both the subject's safety and dignity, as well as the personnel restraining the subject. Upper body restraint devices can be used as shields and quickly anchor the subject to a floor or other flat surface. The upper body and limb restraint devices essentially provide a "contact / non-contact" method for teams to quickly restrain subjects. One or more upper body restraint devices can be mounted on walls in hospitals, schools, classrooms, shopping malls, workplaces, etc. (similar to an AED), and the public can be trained on their use (especially professionals such as emergency responders, police officers, security personnel, nurses, doctors, caregivers, community center staff, emergency room staff, etc.). Limb restraint devices can be easily folded into a very small size and can be similarly installed on the walls of hospitals, schools, classrooms, shopping malls, workplaces, etc. (similar to AEDs), and the public should be trained in their use (especially by well-trained teams of two or more professionals, such as emergency responders, police officers, security personnel, nurses, doctors, caregivers, community center staff, emergency room staff, etc.).

[0063] In some examples, the system disclosed herein may be referred to as a Safety Protection and Control System (SSCS), which comprises two elements: a Safety Protection Control Device (SCD) and four Safety Protection Limb Devices (SLDs). Both devices are padded and extremely lightweight, designed for safe use with adult and pediatric patients. In some examples, the core of the SSC system is the SCD, which protects staff from kicks, punches, and spit, and is used to control the torso, hips, and / or limbs on a flat surface, allowing observation of the patient's face and neck, and minimizing staff-patient contact. The SCD is foldable for wall storage, mechanically adjustable in size, well-padded, and extremely lightweight to prevent injury. Optional handles, quick-release straps, and kneeling surfaces allow staff to secure the SCD to the floor, wall, or emergency room bed, while the underside of the SCD is shell-shaped and covers the patient's chest and neck to prevent suffocation due to body weight during control events. The SLD can be cylindrical, padded inside and out, and ranges in length from approximately 16 to 22 inches, suitable for the average adult (larger sizes are available for very tall adults, and smaller sizes for children). Utilizing its optional two handles and other novel features, team members can use the SLD in multiple ways and it can be customized for each situation. Each SLD can be used as a lightweight shield for staff approach, to guide the stabilizing structure of an active patient, and to quickly immobilize limbs in an extended position. The SLD offers flexible use, can be adapted by emergency response teams to optimize their control process, and offers a recyclable option for environmentally friendly single-patient use, but can also be washed, sterilized, and reused if needed. Similar to a Formula One pit stop, the SSC system device in the hands of a trained response team can transform a dangerous, protracted, unprotected melee with an aggressive patient into a rapid, systematic process of achieving safe control in thirty seconds or less. This rapid control and multi-functional device is designed to significantly improve safety and public perception of control events, reduce injury rates and liability risks, and prevent nurse attrition due to fear, trauma, and disabling injuries.

[0064] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scheme and scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A constraint system, comprising: Upper body restraint device.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The upper body restraint device includes: breastplate; and Top and bottom supports extending from the breast plate; The chest plate and the support are configured as part of a shell-like structure that defines an internal area of ​​size and shape suitable for accommodating body parts of an adult human object.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein, The support pillar is configured to support the upper body restraint device relative to a flat surface.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein, The size and shape of the upper body restraint device are designed to fix the object to the flat surface.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein, The upper body restraint device has a sufficiently robust structure to allow the user to safely apply their weight to the chest plate to prevent the object from moving.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The upper body restraint device includes: Platform components, the platform components including a platform; Multiple pillars, the multiple pillars extending from the platform; and The core is held below the platform; The core defines an internal region whose size and shape are designed to accommodate at least the upper body of a human adult.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein, The platform component also includes a window configured to facilitate viewing the interior area from above the platform.

8. The system according to claim 6, wherein, The core is formed of foam material.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein, The foam core is configured to be adjusted according to the anatomical shape of the object in contact with the foam core.

10. The system according to claim 6, wherein, The size and shape of the internal region are designed to be positioned above at least a portion of the object's head, upper body, and neck.

11. The system according to claim 6, wherein, The support column and the core are convertibly connected to the platform, allowing the upper body restraint device to be switched to a storage state.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The upper body restraint device includes: A frame that defines a central area and multiple pillars; Platform, the platform being fixed to the central region of the frame; and A first shoulder strap and a second shoulder strap extend across the frame below the platform.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein, The framework is configured to enable the pillars to be deployed from a stored state to an deployed state.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein, The plurality of pillars includes a first rear pillar and a second rear pillar, as well as a first front pillar and a second front pillar, wherein the first shoulder strap extends from the first rear pillar and the second shoulder strap extends from the second rear pillar.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein, The first and second shoulder straps are connected to the frame opposite the rear strut.

16. The system according to claim 12, wherein, The upper body restraint device is configured to apply pressure to the object along the first and second shoulder straps while preventing pressure from being applied to other areas of the object below the upper body restraint device.

17. The system according to claim 1 further includes at least one limb restraint device.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein, The limb restraint device includes: Inner layer; outer layer; and An inflatable region, the inflatable region being defined between the inner layer and the outer layer; The limb restraint device is inflatable.

19. The system according to claim 17, wherein, The limb restraint device is configured to be applied around the joints of the object.

20. The system according to claim 17, wherein, The limb restraint device includes at least one strap.

21. The system according to claim 17, wherein, The limb restraint device includes: The core defines an elongated, incomplete tubular shape that terminates at opposing free edges; Lining, the lining surrounding the core; An outer flap extending from the liner; The limb restraint device is capable of switching between a first state and a second state, wherein the gap size between the opposing free edges in the first state is different from the gap size in the second state.

22. The system according to claim 21, wherein, The lining is one of the following: Removably disposed above the core; or It is permanently positioned above the core.

23. The system according to claim 21, wherein, The size of the internal region defined by the core in the first state is larger than the size of the internal region in the second state.

24. The system according to claim 21, wherein, The limb restraint device also includes: A fastening system for releasably securing the outer flap to the outside of the liner.

25. The system according to claim 24, wherein, The fastening system includes complementary fastening materials.

26. The system according to claim 25, wherein, The complementary fastening material includes a first fastening material along the underside of the flap and a second fastening material along the outside of the liner.

27. The system according to claim 26, wherein, The complementary fastening material further includes a third fastening material along the outside of the lining, wherein the holding force between the first fastening material and the second fastening material is less than the holding force between the first fastening material and the third fastening material.

28. The system according to claim 21, wherein, The limb restraint device includes at least one strap arranged along the outside of the lining.

29. The system according to claim 17, wherein, The limb restraint device includes: The base includes a first base portion and a second base portion, each base portion defining a C-shaped lateral shape; Wherein, the adjacent edges of the first base portion and the second base portion are hinged to each other at the joint; A liner, the liner being arranged along the inner surfaces of the first base portion and the second base portion; The limb restraint device is capable of switching between an open state and a closed state, and the closed state includes an enclosed internal region defined by the base.

30. The system according to claim 29, wherein, The limb restraint device also includes a lining surrounding the base and the padding.

31. The system according to claim 29, wherein, The padding includes a first pad releasably fixed to the first base portion and a second pad releasably fixed to the second base portion.

32. The system according to claim 29, wherein, The limb restraint device includes at least one strap and at least one handle.

Images