Temperature-controllable disperse dye reaction kettle

Abstract

The invention provides a temperature-controllable disperse dye reaction kettle, and relates to the technical field of reaction kettles, the temperature-controllable disperse dye reaction kettle comprises an outer kettle shell, the outer kettle shell is made of a high-strength material, can stably support internal components, isolates interference of an external environment on reaction in the kettle, and plays a core role in overall supporting and protection; the outer kettle shell is internally provided with an inner kettle, the inner kettle is made of a corrosion-resistant material with adaptive heat-conducting property and can be in direct contact with a disperse dye reaction system, the middle-layer heat exchange pipes are uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the inner kettle in the circumferential direction, so that the local temperature deviation in the kettle can be accurately compensated, and the temperature gradient and the micro-level of the edge and the center are avoided; the heat conduction oil is introduced into the hollow channels of the hollow stirring shaft and the paddles, and is matched with the heat dissipation holes in the surfaces of the paddles, so that a heat exchange function is permeated to a material core area, the problem of disperse dye colored light deviation caused by uneven temperature is greatly reduced, meanwhile, dye particle aggregation is effectively inhibited, and the stability and consistency of dye products are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of reaction vessel technology, and more specifically, relates to a temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel. Background Technology

[0002] As a core raw material for dyeing synthetic fibers, disperse dyes require extremely high standards for temperature uniformity, material dispersibility, and process stability in their production process. Even slight deviations in reaction temperature can directly lead to incomplete dye molecular structure synthesis, causing color shifts. Material agglomeration reduces dye uptake and color fastness, ultimately affecting the dyeing quality of downstream textile products. However, current commercially available reactors for disperse dye production still suffer from numerous technical challenges in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the demands of large-scale production of high-quality disperse dyes. Specific problems include:

[0003] Firstly, the temperature control precision is insufficient, resulting in significant temperature gradients. Most existing disperse dye reactors employ a single jacketed heat exchange structure, achieving macroscopic temperature control only through the circulation of heat-conducting oil on the outer wall of the reactor. Heat cannot penetrate to the core area of ​​the material inside the reactor, leading to significant temperature gradients between the upper and lower layers, and between the center and edges. In some equipment, the temperature difference can reach 3-5℃. This uneven temperature distribution causes localized differences in reaction rates: high-temperature areas are prone to excessive polymerization of dye molecules, resulting in a darker color, while low-temperature areas experience incomplete reactions, producing unreacted monomers. This not only reduces dye yield but also leads to poor color stability and significant batch-to-batch variations, requiring subsequent color adjustments and increasing production costs.

[0004] Secondly, the material dispersion effect is poor, and concentration dead zones are easily formed. The stirring system of traditional reactors is mostly a single propeller or paddle structure, which can only achieve simple mixing of materials and lacks a targeted design for breaking up agglomerated particles. During the synthesis of disperse dyes, the material is prone to forming large-diameter agglomerated particles, some of which can reach more than 50μm, due to local high concentrations or stirring dead zones, such as near the bottom and walls of the reactor. These agglomerated particles are difficult to completely break up through subsequent grinding, which directly leads to uneven distribution of dye particle size. This results in a reduced dyeing rate during application (in some cases, the dyeing rate is less than 85%), and the dyed fabrics are prone to defects such as color spots and color variations. Key indicators such as wash fastness and rubbing fastness are also difficult to meet the standards.

[0005] Third, the energy utilization rate is low and the energy consumption cost is high. The insulation design of existing equipment is mostly a single layer of ordinary insulation cotton, and there is no enhanced sealing for heat leakage parts such as jacket cavity and flange interface. This results in serious heat loss from the reactor to the outside. The heat loss rate of some equipment exceeds 25%. At the same time, the heat transfer oil in the jacket cavity is mostly disordered and prone to short circuit. The heat transfer oil has short contact time with the reactor wall and low heat exchange efficiency. A large amount of energy needs to be continuously consumed to maintain the reaction temperature. For the continuous production scenario of disperse dyes, high energy consumption not only increases the operating cost of enterprises, but also does not conform to the current industry development trend of green manufacturing.

[0006] In summary, the current technical deficiencies of disperse dye reactors in terms of temperature control accuracy and material dispersion have become key bottlenecks restricting the production of high-quality disperse dyes. Therefore, developing a temperature-controlled disperse dye reactor that combines precise temperature control, efficient dispersion, energy saving, safety, and versatility is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a temperature-controlled disperse dye reactor, which solves the problems of insufficient temperature control accuracy, significant temperature gradients, poor material dispersion, easy formation of agglomerated particles and concentration dead zones, low energy utilization, high heat loss, poor sealing reliability, easy leakage and prominent safety risks, as well as low equipment versatility and difficulty in changing impellers to adapt to dyes with different characteristics.

[0008] A temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel includes an outer shell made of high-strength material, providing stable support for internal components and isolating the reaction from external environmental interference, thus playing a core role in overall support and protection. An inner vessel is housed within the outer shell, made of a corrosion-resistant material with suitable thermal conductivity, allowing direct contact with the disperse dye reaction system to prevent corrosion and ensure efficient heat transfer. The inner vessel has a top end cap to seal the top, preventing material evaporation or contamination during the reaction. The lower end of the inner vessel has a bottom conical end cap; the conical structure guides the reacted dye towards the bottom for concentrated discharge and reduced residue. A jacketed cavity exists between the outer shell and the inner vessel, serving as a flow space for heat transfer oil and providing a medium for macroscopic temperature control. A heat exchange mechanism is mounted on the outer shell, which is crucial for precise temperature regulation within the vessel. The unit can complete heat transfer through the circulation of a heat transfer medium. The heat exchange mechanism includes a heat exchange tube, a heat transfer oil inlet, a heat transfer oil outlet, and a spiral guide plate. The heat exchange tube is connected to the inner wall of the inner vessel and communicates with the jacket cavity. The heat exchange tube can penetrate deep into the inner region of the inner vessel to compensate for the lack of macroscopic heat exchange in the jacket cavity and achieve precise compensation of local temperature. A variable frequency motor is provided on the top end cap, which provides a power source for the stirring system. Its adjustable speed characteristic can adapt to the stirring needs of different reaction stages. The lower end of the variable frequency motor is connected to a hollow stirring shaft through an output shaft. The hollow stirring shaft can not only transmit the motor power to drive the blades to rotate, but its hollow structure can also allow heat transfer oil to pass through, so that the stirring components can also have a heat exchange function, realizing the synergy of stirring and temperature control. The hollow stirring shaft is equipped with an upper dispersion blade and a lower propulsion blade. The upper dispersion blade focuses on the dispersion and crushing of materials, while the lower propulsion blade focuses on the circulation and flow of materials. The two work together to ensure that the materials in the vessel are mixed evenly.

[0009] Preferably, the heat transfer oil inlet is located at the bottom of the jacket cavity. The heat transfer oil enters from the bottom, allowing the heat transfer oil in the jacket cavity to gradually fill, avoiding cavitation and affecting heat exchange efficiency. The heat transfer oil outlet is located at the top of the jacket cavity. The top outlet allows the heat transfer oil to flow fully through the entire jacket cavity before being discharged, ensuring sufficient heat exchange. The spiral guide plate is located inside the jacket cavity. The guide plate can change the flow path of the heat transfer oil, preventing it from directly short-circuiting through the jacket cavity, extending the heat exchange time, and allowing the heat transfer oil to fully contact the outer wall of the inner vessel, significantly improving heat exchange uniformity.

[0010] Preferably, the hollow stirring shaft is inserted through the top end cap. This insertion method allows the stirring shaft to penetrate deep into the core area of ​​the inner vessel, ensuring the range of action of the blades on the entire material. At the same time, in conjunction with the sealing structure, the vessel body can be sealed during rotation to prevent leakage of the reaction medium.

[0011] Preferably, a first connecting sleeve is provided between the upper dispersing paddles. The first connecting sleeve is connected to the hollow stirring shaft by bolts. The bolt connection method facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the upper dispersing paddles and allows for the replacement of paddles of different specifications according to the material characteristics. The upper dispersing paddles are provided with serrated dispersing teeth on their edges. The serrated structure can enhance the shearing and crushing ability of agglomerated dye particles, effectively suppress particle agglomeration, and improve the uniformity of dye products. The surface of the upper dispersing paddles is provided with a first heat dissipation hole. The first heat dissipation hole allows the heat-conducting oil inside the paddle to directly contact the surrounding material, realizing microscopic heat exchange in the area around the paddle and making temperature control more precise.

[0012] Preferably, a second connecting sleeve is provided between the lower propellers. The second connecting sleeve is connected to the hollow stirring shaft by bolts, which also has the advantage of convenient disassembly and assembly, facilitating equipment maintenance and blade replacement. The surface of the lower propeller is provided with a second heat dissipation hole, which is connected to the internal channel of the blade, enabling targeted heat exchange for the material in the bottom area of ​​the vessel. At the same time, the rotation of the propeller can push the material at the bottom of the vessel upward, forming an up-and-down circulating material flow with the upper dispersing blade, avoiding dead zones in temperature and concentration inside the vessel.

[0013] Preferably, the top end cap is fixedly connected to the top of the inner vessel via a flange. The flange connection has good sealing performance, can withstand the pressure during the reaction process, and facilitates the opening of the end cap, providing convenience for internal inspection and maintenance of the equipment. The bottom conical end cap is welded and fixed to the bottom of the inner vessel. The welding connection method is reliable in sealing and has a stable structure, which can withstand the weight of the reactants and the reaction pressure, ensuring the safe operation of the equipment.

[0014] Preferably, the heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the inner vessel. The evenly distributed heat exchange tubes can form an annular heat exchange area on the inner wall of the vessel, so that the material in all directions inside the inner vessel can receive uniform heat transfer and effectively eliminate regional temperature gradients.

[0015] Preferably, the lower end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the heat transfer oil inlet side channel at the bottom of the jacket cavity. This connection method allows the heat transfer oil entering the jacket cavity to be simultaneously diverted into the heat exchange tube, so that the macroscopic heat exchange of the jacket cavity and the local heat exchange of the heat exchange tube can be started simultaneously, thereby increasing the rate of heating or cooling.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the heat transfer oil outlet side channel at the top of the jacket cavity, so that the heat transfer oil that has completed heat exchange in the heat exchange tube can be collected and discharged to the outlet of the jacket cavity, forming a parallel heat exchange circuit between the jacket cavity and the heat exchange tube, which not only ensures heat exchange efficiency but also simplifies pipeline design.

[0017] Preferably, the spiral guide plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner vessel and the inner wall of the outer vessel shell. The fixed connection ensures that the guide plate remains stable under the impact of the heat transfer oil flow, avoiding shaking that affects the heat exchange effect. The spiral distribution structure along the circumference of the jacket cavity can guide the heat transfer oil to flow along the spiral path, maximizing the contact area and contact time between the heat transfer oil and the outer wall of the inner vessel, and further improving the uniformity of macroscopic heat exchange.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In this invention, a three-stage temperature control structure—comprising macroscopic jacket heat exchange, mid-layer heat exchange tube heat exchange, and microscopic stirring paddle heat exchange—is deeply integrated with an intelligent control system to achieve precise temperature control throughout the entire reactor. The jacket cavity, acting as a macroscopic heat exchange carrier, covers the outer wall of the inner reactor to achieve overall temperature baseline control. The mid-layer heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the reactor, enabling precise compensation for localized temperature deviations and avoiding temperature gradients between the edges and the center. At the microscopic level, the hollow channels of the hollow stirring shaft and paddles allow for the introduction of heat transfer oil, which, combined with the heat dissipation holes on the paddle surface, penetrates the heat exchange function to the core area of ​​the material. Simultaneously, the intelligent control system uses multiple PT100 platinum resistance sensors to collect real-time temperature data from the top, middle, bottom, and near the paddles within the reactor. Relying on a fuzzy PID adaptive algorithm, it dynamically adjusts the heating power of the heat transfer oil, the circulation flow rate, and the speed of the variable frequency motor, effectively controlling temperature deviations within the reactor. This significantly reduces the color shift problem of disperse dyes caused by uneven temperature distribution, effectively inhibits dye particle agglomeration, and significantly improves the stability and consistency of dye products.

[0020] In this invention, the serrated dispersion teeth on the edge of the upper dispersion paddle and the coordinated stirring design of the upper and lower paddles significantly enhance the shearing and breaking ability of agglomerated dye particles. The serrated dispersion teeth adopt an isosceles triangular tooth shape and are evenly distributed along the edge of the cross-shaped blades of the upper dispersion paddle. When rotating, they can generate high-intensity local shear force to directly break agglomerated particles. At the same time, the upper dispersion paddle focuses on the dispersion and mixing of materials in the upper part of the vessel, while the lower propeller-type propeller generates upward thrust through rotation, pushing the material deposited at the bottom of the vessel to the top, forming a full-area material flow path of crushing-circulation-remixing with the upper dispersion paddle. This completely eliminates the concentration dead zones that are prone to occur in traditional equipment such as the bottom and walls of the vessel, and significantly improves the uniformity of dye particles. In subsequent applications, the dye uptake rate and color fastness indicators, such as wash fastness and rubbing fastness, are significantly optimized, significantly improving the quality of dye products.

[0021] In this invention, the double-layer insulation structure on the outer shell, the insulation filling inside the jacket cavity, and the sealing insulation pad design at the flange interface, combined with the optimization of the flow path of the heat transfer oil by the spiral guide plate, significantly reduce heat loss and improve energy utilization efficiency. The inner layer of the outer shell is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber cotton, which can effectively block the heat transfer from the inside of the vessel to the outside. The outer color steel plate protective shell can protect the insulation layer from external damage. The jacket cavity is filled with high-temperature resistant rock wool, which further reduces the heat loss of the heat transfer oil inside the jacket cavity. The silicone rubber sealing insulation pads at the flange connection and pipe interface can avoid energy waste caused by heat leakage in local gaps. At the same time, the spiral guide plate is spirally distributed along the circumference of the jacket cavity and is tightly fixed to the outer wall of the inner vessel and the inner wall of the outer shell. It can guide the heat transfer oil to rise spirally along the jacket cavity, avoid the heat transfer oil to flow directly short-circuit through the jacket cavity, prolong the contact time between the heat transfer oil and the outer wall of the inner vessel, improve heat exchange efficiency, and significantly reduce the overall energy consumption of the equipment. It is especially suitable for high-energy-consuming scenarios of continuous production of disperse dyes.

[0022] In this invention, a comprehensive safety system is constructed through the enhanced sealing and protection structure, the coordinated use of a double-end mechanical seal, a flange + graphite reinforced gasket, nitrogen protection and leakage detection holes, and a pressure sensor. This effectively prevents heat transfer oil leakage and reaction medium evaporation, while avoiding the risk of overheating and material spillage, significantly improving the safety and stability of equipment operation. The penetration point between the hollow stirring shaft and the top end cap uses a double-end mechanical seal made of silicon carbide-graphite material, whose wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant properties are suitable for the high-temperature operating conditions of the reactor. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the sealing cavity for protection, forming a positive pressure barrier to prevent heat transfer oil from leaking out of the rotating part. To prevent dynamic gap leakage, the connection interface between the heat exchange tube and the jacket cavity uses a temperature- and pressure-resistant flange and a graphite-reinforced gasket to ensure the reliability of the static seal. The leakage detection hole at the pipe interface, together with the pressure sensor, can monitor the sealing status in real time. Once an abnormal pressure is detected, such as a pressure drop caused by leakage, an early warning can be triggered quickly. At the same time, combined with the over-temperature protection mechanism of the intelligent control system, when the temperature inside the vessel deviates from the set value and exceeds the safe range, the heating source can be automatically cut off, the cooling flow can be increased, and even the feed valve can be triggered to close, fundamentally avoiding over-temperature material overflow accidents and ensuring a safe and controllable production process.

[0023] In this invention, the bolted connection design between the first connecting sleeve, the second connecting sleeve, and the hollow stirring shaft enables convenient disassembly and assembly, as well as specification replacement, of the upper dispersing paddle and the lower propeller paddle. This significantly improves the equipment's versatility and practicality, adapting to the synthesis needs of disperse dyes with different properties. High-strength bolts are used to connect the first connecting sleeve to the hollow stirring shaft and the upper dispersing paddle, with locating pins used to assist in positioning the bolt holes, ensuring the coaxiality of the paddles after disassembly and assembly, and preventing stirring vibrations caused by installation deviations. The second connecting sleeve uses the same bolted connection structure, making the disassembly and assembly of the lower propeller paddle equally convenient. For disperse dyes with different viscosities and particle characteristics, such as high-viscosity disperse blue and easily agglomerated disperse red, different specifications of paddles can be quickly replaced, such as adjusting the density of the serrated dispersion teeth or changing the propeller pitch, without requiring modifications to the main structure of the equipment. The convenient disassembly and assembly design also significantly shortens equipment maintenance time, such as significantly improving the efficiency of paddle cleaning and maintenance. This allows the equipment to quickly switch between producing different types of disperse dyes, increasing the flexibility of the production line and reducing the company's equipment investment costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral guide plate of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell of the vessel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top end cap of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower propeller structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper dispersion paddle structure of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure, the correspondence between the component names and the attached drawing numbers is as follows: 1. First connecting sleeve; 2. Upper dispersion paddle; 3. Serrated dispersion teeth; 4. First heat dissipation hole; 5. Second connecting sleeve; 6. Lower propeller; 7. Second heat dissipation hole; 8. Hollow stirring shaft; 9. Top end cap; 10. Variable frequency motor; 11. Outer vessel shell; 12. Jacket cavity; 13. Inner vessel; 14. Heat exchange tube; 15. Heat transfer oil inlet; 16. Spiral guide plate; 17. Heat transfer oil outlet; 18. Bottom conical end cap. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 6 The present invention provides a temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel, comprising an outer vessel shell 11, an inner vessel 13, a top end cap 9, and a bottom conical end cap 18.

[0033] Outer shell 11: Made of Q235B carbon steel, cylindrical in shape, serving as overall support and protection.

[0034] Inner vessel 13: Made of 316L stainless steel, with polished inner wall to prevent material adhesion and corrosion, it is fitted inside the outer vessel shell 11, forming a jacket cavity 12 between the two, which serves as a macroscopic heat exchange channel for heat transfer oil.

[0035] Top end cap 9: It is an elliptical end cap, which is fixedly connected to the top of the inner vessel 13 through a flange, and is used to install components such as the variable frequency motor 10, sensor, and feed port.

[0036] Bottom conical head 18: welded and fixed to the bottom of the inner vessel 13, with a discharge port at the center of the bottom to facilitate the concentrated discharge of dye after reaction.

[0037] The heat exchange mechanism is used to achieve precise temperature control inside the vessel, and includes heat exchange tube 14, heat transfer oil inlet 15, heat transfer oil outlet 17, and spiral guide plate 16.

[0038] Heat exchange tube 14: Made of Hastelloy alloy, it is evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the inner vessel 13, and 4-6 sets can be installed. It is welded to the inner wall of the inner vessel 13 and communicates with the jacket cavity 12. Its lower end is connected to the heat transfer oil inlet 15 side channel at the bottom of the jacket cavity 12, and its upper end is connected to the heat transfer oil outlet 17 side channel at the top of the jacket cavity 12, forming a local heat exchange loop.

[0039] The heat transfer oil inlet 15 and the heat transfer oil outlet 17 are respectively located at the bottom and top of the jacket cavity 12, and are used to connect to the external heat transfer oil heating / cooling circulation system to realize the input and output of heat transfer oil.

[0040] Spiral guide plate 16: It is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the inner vessel 13 and the inner wall of the outer vessel shell 11. It is distributed in a spiral shape along the circumference of the jacket cavity 12 to guide the heat transfer oil to flow in a spiral shape, thereby prolonging the heat exchange time and improving the heat exchange uniformity.

[0041] The inner vessel 13 also includes a variable frequency motor 10, a hollow stirring shaft 8, an upper dispersing paddle 2, and a lower propulsion paddle 6, which serve both material dispersion and local heat exchange functions.

[0042] Variable frequency motor 10: Installed on the top end cap 9, it provides power to the stirring system, and the speed can be adjusted within the range of 0-500 r / min.

[0043] Hollow stirring shaft 8: It is installed on the top end cap 9 and connected to the output shaft of the variable frequency motor 10. The inside is a hollow channel for passing heat transfer oil to achieve local heat exchange.

[0044] Upper dispersion paddle 2: It is bolted to the hollow stirring shaft 8 through the first connecting sleeve 1, which facilitates disassembly and assembly. It has a cross-shaped structure with serrated dispersion teeth 3 on the edge to break up agglomerated particles. The surface of the paddle has a first heat dissipation hole 4, which is connected to the hollow channel of the hollow stirring shaft 8 to realize heat exchange of heat transfer oil in the paddle area.

[0045] The lower propeller 6 is bolted to the hollow stirring shaft 8 via the second connecting sleeve 5. It has a propeller-type structure with a second heat dissipation hole 7 on its surface, which is connected to the hollow channel of the hollow stirring shaft 8. It is used to push the material at the bottom of the vessel upward for circulation and to achieve local heat exchange.

[0046] To ensure the equipment's sealing performance under high temperature and high pressure conditions, enhanced sealing designs are adopted for key connection parts: a flexible graphite metal spiral wound gasket is installed at the flange connection between the top end cap 9 and the inner vessel 13; a temperature- and pressure-resistant flange with a graphite-reinforced sealing gasket is used at the connection interface between the heat exchange tube 14 and the jacket cavity 12; a double-end mechanical seal made of silicon carbide-graphite is installed at the penetration point between the hollow stirring shaft 8 and the top end cap 9, and nitrogen gas is introduced into the sealing cavity for protection; a leak detection hole is opened at the pipe interface, equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the sealing status in real time, preventing heat transfer oil leakage and reaction medium volatilization.

[0047] To comprehensively reduce heat loss and improve temperature control efficiency, the equipment is equipped with a special heat insulation and protection layer: the outer shell 11 is wrapped with a double-layer heat insulation structure, the inner layer is heat-resistant ceramic fiber cotton, and the outer layer is a color steel plate protective shell.

[0048] The equipment is equipped with an intelligent control system to achieve precise temperature regulation and dynamic response: high-precision resistance sensors are installed at the top, middle, bottom, near the upper dispersion paddle 2, near the lower propeller paddle 6, and at the outlet of the heat exchange tube 14 of the inner vessel 13 to collect temperature data of each area inside the vessel in real time; the sensor signals are transmitted to the PLC controller, which is equipped with an adaptive control algorithm to dynamically adjust the heating / cooling power of the heat transfer oil, the circulation flow rate, and the speed of the variable frequency motor 10 according to the temperature deviation; when the temperature of a certain area deviates from the set value, the heat transfer oil flow rate of the corresponding heat exchange tube 14 or the heat exchange intensity of the stirring paddle can be precisely adjusted to ensure the uniformity of temperature control inside the vessel.

[0049] This reactor employs a three-stage temperature control structure—macroscopic jacket heat exchange, mid-layer heat exchange, and microscopic stirring paddle heat exchange—combined with the dispersing effect of serrated dispersing teeth 3, resulting in significant technical advantages: low temperature deviation throughout the reactor, resolving the issues of dye color shift and particle agglomeration caused by temperature gradients in traditional reactors; the serrated dispersing teeth 3 and the upper and lower layer paddles work together to improve dye particle uniformity; the design of the insulation layer and spiral guide plate 16 reduces heat loss while extending heat exchange time; and the combination of sealing protection and an intelligent early warning system effectively avoids risks such as heat transfer oil leakage and overheating, improving production stability. This equipment is suitable for the synthesis of various disperse dyes such as disperse red and disperse blue, significantly improving dye uptake, color fastness, and other quality indicators, demonstrating excellent industrial application value.

[0050] Working principle:

[0051] In the first step, the heat transfer oil, after being heated by an external heating device, enters the jacket cavity 12 through the heat transfer oil inlet 15. Guided by the spiral guide plate 16, the heat transfer oil spirals upward along the jacket cavity 12, with part entering the heat exchange tube 14 to heat the material inside the vessel; the other part flows through the hollow channel of the hollow stirring shaft 8 into the internal channels of the upper dispersion paddle 2 and the lower propeller paddle 6, releasing heat to the material near the paddle blades through the first heat dissipation hole 4 and the second heat dissipation hole 7. At the same time, the variable frequency motor 10 drives the hollow stirring shaft 8 to rotate, the serrated dispersion teeth 3 break up agglomerated particles, and the lower propeller paddle 6 pushes the material up and down for circulation, so that the material is evenly dispersed during heating and avoids local overheating.

[0052] In the second step, when the temperature inside the reactor reaches the set value, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of each area in real time and dynamically adjusts the heating power and circulation flow rate of the heat transfer oil. If the local temperature is too high, the flow rate of the heat transfer oil in the corresponding heat exchange tube 14 or stirring paddle is reduced; if the local temperature is too low, the flow rate is increased. The spiral guide plate 16 maintains the uniform flow of the heat transfer oil in the jacket cavity 12, and the upper dispersion paddle 2 and the lower propulsion paddle 6 continuously stir to keep the materials uniformly mixed, ensuring that the reaction takes place in a stable temperature field.

[0053] Thirdly, when cooling is required, the heat transfer oil is switched to low-temperature heat transfer oil cooled by external cooling equipment. This oil enters the jacket cavity 12, heat exchange tube 14, and the internal channel of the stirring paddle through the heat transfer oil inlet 15, absorbing heat from the material in the vessel before flowing out through the heat transfer oil outlet 17. During this process, the variable frequency motor 10 can appropriately increase its speed to accelerate material circulation and improve the cooling rate. Simultaneously, the serrated dispersing teeth 3 prevent dye particles from agglomerating during cooling, ensuring product uniformity.

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel, comprising an outer vessel shell (11), characterized in that: The outer vessel shell (11) is provided with an inner vessel (13), the upper end of the inner vessel (13) is provided with a top end cap (9), the lower end of the inner vessel (13) is provided with a bottom conical end cap (18), a jacket cavity (12) is provided between the outer vessel shell (11) and the inner vessel (13), and a heat exchange mechanism is provided on the outer vessel shell (11). The heat exchange mechanism includes a heat exchange tube (14), a heat transfer oil inlet (15), a heat transfer oil outlet (17), and a spiral guide plate (16). The heat exchange tube (14) is connected to the inner wall of the inner vessel (13) and communicates with the jacket cavity (12). The top end cap (9) is equipped with a variable frequency motor (10), and the lower end of the variable frequency motor (10) is connected to a hollow stirring shaft (8) through an output shaft. The hollow stirring shaft (8) is equipped with an upper dispersion paddle (2) and a lower propulsion paddle (6).

2. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat transfer oil inlet (15) is located at the bottom of the jacket cavity (12), the heat transfer oil outlet (17) is located at the top of the jacket cavity (12), and the spiral guide plate (16) is located inside the jacket cavity (12).

3. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The hollow stirring shaft (8) is mounted on the top end cap (9).

4. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 3, characterized in that, A first connecting sleeve (1) is provided between the upper dispersing paddles (2). The first connecting sleeve (1) is connected to the hollow stirring shaft (8) by bolts. The upper dispersing paddles (2) have serrated dispersing teeth (3) on their edges. The upper dispersing paddles (2) have first heat dissipation holes (4) on their surfaces.

5. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A second connecting sleeve (5) is provided between the lower propellers (6), and the second connecting sleeve (5) is connected to the hollow stirring shaft (8) by bolts. A second heat dissipation hole (7) is provided on the surface of the lower propellers (6).

6. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The top end cap (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner vessel (13) via a flange, and the bottom conical end cap (18) is welded and fixed to the bottom of the inner vessel (13).

7. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The heat exchange tubes (14) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the inner vessel (13).

8. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The lower end of the heat exchange tube (14) is connected to the heat transfer oil inlet (15) side flow channel at the bottom of the jacket cavity (12).

9. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The upper end of the heat exchange tube (14) is connected to the heat transfer oil outlet (17) side channel at the top of the jacket cavity (12).

10. The temperature-controlled disperse dye reaction vessel as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The spiral guide plate (16) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner vessel (13) and the inner wall of the outer vessel shell (11), and is distributed in a spiral shape along the circumference of the jacket cavity (12).

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