Large-view-field high-resolution imaging system based on polarization regulation and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-view-field high-resolution imaging system based on polarization regulation and control, the large-view-field high-resolution imaging system comprises a metasurface system array and a camera along the direction of a light path, and the metasurface system array comprises a plurality of pairs of metasurface systems which are distributed in an array; each pair of metasurface systems comprises a first metasurface system and a second metasurface system; the first metasurface system is used for performing high-resolution imaging and large-view-field imaging on a first polarization light beam and a second polarization light beam of an incident light beam respectively; the second metasurface system is used for performing large-view-field imaging and high-resolution imaging on the first polarization-state light beam and the second polarization-state light beam respectively; the camera is used for acquiring and fusing images formed by different metasurface systems so as to capture a high-resolution central region of interest and surrounding environment information of a wide field of view. The system can efficiently realize higher imaging quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of micro-nano optics, and particularly relates to a large-field high-resolution imaging system based on polarization control. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of computer vision, autonomous driving, robot navigation and security monitoring, there is an urgent need for imaging systems that are small, lightweight and intelligent. Traditional refractive optical systems correct aberrations and expand the field of view by combining multiple lenses, resulting in a large system size and complex structure, which is difficult to meet the requirements of modern portable devices and integrated applications.

[0003] As a two-dimensional planar optical element composed of subwavelength nanostructures, metasurface can flexibly control the amplitude, phase and polarization of light waves, providing a new path to revolutionize traditional optical design. Metasurface, as a typical application of metasurface, has the advantages of thin thickness, light weight, easy integration and high design freedom, which brings revolutionary prospects for chip-level and high-performance imaging systems.

[0004] Among the many advanced imaging paradigms, foveated imaging mimics the human visual system by providing high-resolution details in the central field of view while maintaining situational awareness with a wide peripheral field of view, achieving an optimal trade-off between resolution and field of view. This feature is particularly important in fields such as long-wave infrared thermal imaging, where sensors are costly and have limited resolution. Recent research has begun to explore the use of metasurface polarization sensitivity to achieve foveated imaging: by designing metasurfaces that respond to different orthogonal polarization states (such as s-polarization and p-polarization, or left-handed / right-handed circular polarization LCP / RCP), and combining their optical paths, a single sensor can capture both high-resolution "fovea" images and wide-field "peripheral" images.

[0005] The patent application with publication number CN120010117A discloses a mid-wave infrared broadband large-field imaging system based on metasurface and related methods. The system consists of three refractive lenses and two metasurfaces (along the optical axis direction, the first lens is a plano-concave lens, a linear polarizer based on a double-layer metasurface design, a 1 / 4 wave plate, an optical stop, the second lens is a concave-convex lens, the third lens is a concave-convex lens, and a geometric phase metasurface). By selecting appropriate lens materials and system structures, athermalization design is achieved within the range of -40°C-60°C. In addition, by optimizing the rotation angle of the geometric phase metasurface unit structure, the required phase distribution of the system is achieved. The imaging field of view of the system is 178°, the working wavelength range is 3-5μm, the imaging quality is excellent, the total length of the system is 29mm, and the weight is light, which is expected to be applied in target recognition, security and other fields. However, this imaging system relies heavily on polarization states, and the elements are relatively complex, affecting the imaging efficiency of the image quality.

[0006] However, the existing polarization multiplexing-based foveated metasurface imaging system still faces significant challenges: (1) Polarization dependence and signal-to-noise ratio loss: Such a system relies heavily on the polarization characteristics of scene light. If the scene light is strongly biased towards a certain polarization state, the imaging channel corresponding to the other polarization state will have a sharp decline in signal-to-noise ratio due to weak signal, resulting in degraded image quality of the reconstructed image.

[0007] (2) Speed and stability introduced by mechanical dynamic elements: In order to realize the separation of the two imaging channels, the system usually needs to introduce a dynamic rotating polarizer, and the limited modulation speed of which may restrict the frame rate of the system.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for an innovative metasurface imaging system design that can overcome the sensitivity to the polarization state of scene light while preserving the advantages of large field of view and high resolution imaging, and effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and reconstruction robustness of the system, thereby promoting the technology to practical applications. SUMMARY

[0009] To solve the above problems existing in the prior art, based on the principle of metasurface phase modulation, the present application provides a high signal-to-noise ratio, large field of view and high resolution imaging system based on polarization control, which can efficiently realize high imaging quality.

[0010] The present application provides a large field of view and high resolution imaging system based on polarization control, comprising: a metasurface system array and a camera along the direction of the light path, wherein: The metasurface system array comprises a plurality of pairs of metasurface systems arranged in an array, each pair of metasurface systems comprising: A first metasurface system for high-resolution imaging and large field of view imaging of a first polarization state light beam and a second polarization state light beam of an incident light beam, respectively; A second metasurface system for large field of view imaging and high resolution imaging of the first polarization state light beam and the second polarization state light beam, respectively; The camera is used to acquire and fuse images formed by different metasurface systems, so as to capture high-resolution central attention area and wide field of view peripheral environment information.

[0011] Preferably, the first metasurface system comprises a first metasurface, a first liquid crystal wave plate and a second metasurface along the direction of the light path: The first metasurface is used to receive the incident light beam and perform high-resolution imaging on the first polarized light beam, and has no effect on the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam; The first liquid crystal wave plate is used to mix and emit the incident first polarized light beam and second polarized light beam according to a preset ratio; the second metasurface is configured to receive the mixed outgoing light beams and to perform large field of view imaging on the second polarized light beams without affecting the phase distribution of the first polarized light beams.

[0012] Preferably, the first metasurface comprises a substrate layer and a first nanostructure array located below the substrate layer, the first nanostructure array is configured to perform high resolution imaging without affecting the phase distribution of the second polarized light beams, the first nanostructure array satisfies the phase distribution as follows:

[0013] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarized light beams, is the phase distribution of the second polarized light beams, is the actual annulus radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the first nanostructure array to the camera.

[0014] Further preferably, the second metasurface comprises a substrate layer and a second nanostructure array located below the substrate layer, the second nanostructure array is configured to perform large field of view imaging on the second polarized light beams without affecting the phase distribution of the first polarized light beams, the second nanostructure array satisfies the phase distribution as follows:

[0015] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarized light beams, is the phase distribution of the second polarized light beams, is the actual annulus radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the second nanostructure array to the camera.

[0016] More preferably, the material of the substrate is quartz glass; the materials of the first nanostructure array and the second nanostructure array are monocrystalline silicon, titanium dioxide or silicon nitride respectively; the cross-sectional shape of the nanostructure units of the first nanostructure array and the second nanostructure array is square, circular or hole structure.

[0017] Preferably, the second metasurface system comprises a third metasurface, a second liquid crystal wave plate, a fourth metasurface along the direction of the optical path: the third metasurface is configured to receive the incident light beams and to perform high resolution imaging on the second polarized light beams without affecting the phase distribution of the first polarized light beams; The second liquid crystal wave plate is configured to mix the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam according to a preset ratio and emit the mixed light beams. The fourth metasurface is configured to receive the mixed light beams and perform large field-of-view imaging on the first polarized light beam without affecting the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam.

[0018] Further preferably, the third metasurface comprises a substrate layer and a third nanostructure array located below the substrate layer, the third nanostructure array performing high-resolution imaging on the second polarized light beam without affecting the phase distribution of the first polarized light beam, and the third nanostructure array satisfies the phase distribution as follows:

[0019] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarized light beam, is the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam, is the actual annular zone radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the third nanostructure array to the camera, which is the same as the distance from the first nanostructure array to the camera.

[0020] Further preferably, the fourth metasurface comprises a substrate layer and a fourth nanostructure array located below the substrate layer, the fourth nanostructure array performing large field-of-view imaging on the first polarized light beam without affecting the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam, and the fourth nanostructure array satisfies the phase distribution as follows:

[0021] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarized light beam, is the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam, is the actual annular zone radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the fourth nanostructure array to the camera, which is the same as the distance from the second nanostructure array to the camera.

[0022] Further preferably, the material of the substrate is quartz glass. The materials of the third nanostructure array and the fourth nanostructure array are monocrystalline silicon, titanium dioxide or silicon nitride, respectively. The cross-sectional shape of the nanostructure units of the third nanostructure array and the fourth nanostructure array is square, circular or hole-shaped structure.

[0023] Preferably, the incident light beams include first and second polarization state light beams, and the first and second polarization state light beams are orthogonal polarization states. The first polarization state light beam is a left-handed polarization state, and the second polarization state light beam is a right-handed polarization state.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: The present application uses a polarization exchange array design, so that high-resolution central imaging and wide-field peripheral imaging can be distributed and performed under two polarization states, breaking the severe dependence of the traditional polarization multiplexing system on the polarization state of the scene light. Through subsequent fusion and superposition processing of images of the same type but different polarization channels, channel fading caused by single polarization of the scene light can be effectively suppressed, thereby significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the final output image and enhancing the imaging robustness of the system in various real scenes.

[0025] The present application uses the light and thin characteristics of the metasurface and the electrically controlled inertia-free switching of the liquid crystal wave plate to construct a compact imaging system without mechanical moving parts. The system can mimic human vision, synchronously capture high-resolution central attention areas and wide-field peripheral environment information, and perform real-time separation and reconstruction through efficient computational imaging algorithms. This provides an ideal solution for realizing intelligent visual perception on platforms with limited size, weight and power consumption (SWaP), such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wearable devices.

[0026] The imaging system provided by the present application has high integration, which meets the development trend of miniaturization and lightness of optical systems. The core optical elements of the present application are all planar metasurfaces, which can form an extremely light and thin optical engine in combination with liquid crystal wave plates. This scheme avoids using complex and bulky multi-group refractive lenses to achieve dual-path imaging, greatly reducing the volume and weight of the system, and is easy to integrate into modern devices with strict space requirements, such as augmented reality (AR) glasses, mobile robots and portable security systems, etc., and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A structure composition three-dimensional view of the large field of view high resolution imaging system based on polarization regulation of a specific embodiment of the present application is provided; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the first metasurface system 1100 provided by a specific embodiment of the present application is provided; Figure 3 A working principle diagram of the large field of view high resolution imaging system based on polarization regulation of a specific embodiment of the present application is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.

[0029] It should be noted that the implementation not shown or described in the drawings or the specification is the form known by those skilled in the art, and is not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of elements and methods are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or ways mentioned in the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make simple changes or replacements.

[0030] It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only the directions of the drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Throughout the drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. When it may cause confusion to the understanding of the present disclosure, the conventional structure or configuration will be omitted.

[0031] And the shape and size of each component in the drawings do not reflect the true size and ratio, but only illustrate the content of the embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, in the claims, any reference symbol located between parentheses should not be construed as a limitation of the claims.

[0032] Furthermore, the word "comprise" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" before an element does not exclude the presence of several such elements.

[0033] The ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as "first", "second", "third", etc., are used to modify the corresponding elements, which do not mean that the elements have any ordinal number, nor represent the order or manufacturing method of one element and another element. The use of these ordinal numbers is only used to make the element with a certain name distinguishable from another element with the same name.

[0034] Those skilled in the art can understand that the modules in the device in the embodiments can be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiments. The modules or units or components in the embodiments can be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore can be divided into multiple sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Except that at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive, all combinations of all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) and all processes or units of any methods or apparatuses so disclosed can be adopted. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) can be replaced by an alternative feature providing the same, equivalent or similar function. And in a unit claim listing several devices, several of these devices can be embodied by one and the same hardware item.

[0035] Similarly, it is to be understood that the various features of the disclosure sometimes are grouped together in a single embodiment, figure or description of a related aspect of the disclosure for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various aspects of the disclosure. The disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the disclosure requires more features than are explicitly recited in each claim. Rather, the disclosure lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following, depending from a particular claim, are to be interpreted not as containing, but as adding to, the features of that particular claim. All combinations of particular features set forth in the claims following, or in the accompanying claims, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present application are based on the principle of metasurface phase modulation, using a switching array design, that is, the first metasurface system is used to perform high-resolution imaging and large-field-of-view imaging on the first and second polarization state beams of the incident light beam respectively, and the second metasurface system is used to perform high-resolution imaging and large-field-of-view imaging on the second and first polarization state beams of the incident light beam respectively, so as to fuse the high-resolution imaging and large-field-of-view imaging of the first polarization state beam and the high-resolution imaging and large-field-of-view imaging of the second polarization state beam, and then superimpose them, solving the problems of polarization dependence and signal-to-noise ratio loss of the prior art, without introducing other dynamic rotating polarizers, and being able to efficiently obtain higher quality images.

[0037] The embodiment of the present application provides a large field of view high resolution imaging system based on polarization control, which comprises a metasurface system array 1000 and a camera 2000 along the direction of the light path, the metasurface system array 1000 is used for receiving an incident light beam and focusing imaging, wherein the incident light beam comprises a first polarization state light beam S1 and a second polarization state light beam S2, S1 and S2 are orthogonal polarization states, and the camera 2000 is used for acquiring and fusing images formed by different metasurface systems, so as to capture high-resolution central attention areas and wide field of view peripheral environment information.

[0038] The metasurface system array provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises a plurality of pairs of metasurface systems arranged in an array, each pair of metasurface systems comprising: a first metasurface system and a second metasurface system, the first metasurface system is used for high-resolution imaging and large field of view imaging of the first polarization state light beam and the second polarization state light beam of the incident light beam respectively, and the second metasurface system is used for large field of view imaging and high-resolution imaging of the first polarization state light beam and the second polarization state light beam respectively.

[0039] In an embodiment, as shown in the figure, Figure 1 The embodiment provides a first metasurface system 1100, a second metasurface system 1200, a third metasurface system 1300 and a fourth metasurface system 1400, wherein the first metasurface system 1100 and the third metasurface system 1300 form a pair of metasurface systems, the second metasurface system 1200 and the fourth metasurface system 1400 form another pair of metasurface systems, the four metasurface systems are placed side by side, have the same structure and different nanostructure array designs, The first metasurface system 1100 provided by the embodiment obtains a high-resolution image of the first polarization state S1 and a large field of view image of the second polarization state S2; The second metasurface system 1200 obtains a high-resolution image of the second polarization state S2 and a large field of view image of the first polarization state S1; The third metasurface system 1300 obtains a high-resolution image of the first polarization state S1 and a large field of view image of the second polarization state S2; The fourth metasurface system 1400 obtains a high-resolution image of the second polarization state S2 and a large field of view image of the first polarization state S1, and the images can be fused by computer post-processing, the central attention area with high resolution and the peripheral environment information with wide field of view can be synchronously captured, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved.

[0040] The first metasurface system 1100 provided by the embodiment of the present application is arranged along the direction of the light path as shown in the figure, Figure 2As shown, including a first metasurface 1110, a first liquid crystal wave plate 1120, a second metasurface 1130, wherein the first metasurface is used to receive an incident light beam and perform high-resolution imaging (long focal length, small field of view, high resolution) on the first polarized light beam, and has no effect on the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam.

[0041] In an embodiment, the first metasurface 1110 provided by the embodiment includes a substrate layer 1111 and a first nanostructure array 1112, and the substrate layer 1111 provided by the embodiment is used to receive and transmit an incident light beam, and is made of a low-loss material with a low dielectric constant, such as quartz glass.

[0042] The first nanostructure array 1112 provided by the embodiment is located below the substrate layer 1111, and performs focused imaging (long focal length, small field of view, high resolution) on the first polarization state light beam S1, and has no effect on the phase distribution of the second polarization state light beam S2.

[0043] The first nanostructure array provided by the embodiment satisfies the following phase distribution:

[0044] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarization state light beam, is the phase distribution of the second polarization state light beam, is the actual annular ring radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the first nanostructure array to the camera. In an embodiment, the central wavelength of the incident light is 1550 nm.

[0045] The first nanostructure array 1112 provided by the embodiment can be made of a high-dielectric-constant, low-loss visible light medium material or a semiconductor material, such as monocrystalline silicon, titanium dioxide, or silicon nitride, etc. The cross-sectional shape of the nanostructure unit can be square, circular, or hole-shaped structure, etc., which can be designed according to the actual functional effect.

[0046] The first liquid crystal wave plate 1120 provided by the embodiment is located below the first metasurface 1110, and is used to receive the light beam emitted by the first metasurface 1110, and is configured to dynamically switch its polarization modulation state under external electric driving, mix the first polarization state light beam and the second polarization state light beam according to a certain ratio, and emit them, without affecting the angle of the light beam.

[0047] The second metasurface 1130 provided in the embodiment is used for receiving the light beam emitted by the liquid crystal wave plate 1120, and has no influence on the phase distribution of the first polarized state light beam S1 and focuses and images the second polarized state light beam S2 (short focal length, large field of view, and low resolution). The second metasurface 1130 provided in the embodiment includes a substrate layer 1131 and a second nanostructure array 1132. The substrate layer 1131 provided in the embodiment is used for receiving and transmitting the incident light beam.

[0048] The second nanostructure array 1132 provided in the embodiment is located below the substrate layer 1131, has no influence on the phase distribution of the first polarized state light beam S1, and focuses and images the second polarized state light beam S2 (short focal length, large field of view, and low resolution).

[0049] The second nanostructure array 1132 provided in the embodiment satisfies the phase distribution as follows:

[0050] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarized state light beam, is the phase distribution of the second polarized state light beam, is the actual annular zone radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the second nanostructure array to the camera. In an embodiment, the central wavelength of the incident light is 1550 nm.

[0051] The material of the second nanostructure array 1132 provided in the embodiment can be a high-dielectric-constant, low-loss visible light medium material or a semiconductor material, for example, monocrystalline silicon, titanium dioxide, or silicon nitride.

[0052] The incident light beam provided in the embodiment is in the optical path of the first metasurface system 1100, as shown in FIG. 1. Figure 3As shown, the first polarization state light beam S1 and the second polarization state light beam S2 are incident on the base layer 1111 of the first super surface 1110 of the first super surface system 1100, pass through the base layer 1111 and are incident on the first nano structure array 1112, the first nano structure array 1112 focuses and images (long focal length, small field of view, high resolution) the first polarization state light beam S1 and has no effect on the phase distribution of the second polarization state light beam S2, the light beam passes through the liquid crystal wave plate 1120, mixes the incident first polarization state light beam S1 and the second polarization state light beam S2 according to a certain proportion and is emitted, without affecting the angle of the light beam, the emitted light beam is incident on the base layer 1131 of the second super surface 1130, passes through the base layer 1131 and is incident on the second nano structure array 1132, the nano structure array 1132 has no effect on the phase distribution of the first polarization state light beam S1 and focuses and images (short focal length, large field of view, low resolution) the second polarization state light beam S2, and the emitted light beam is focused on the camera 2000.

[0053] Therefore, the high signal-to-noise ratio and large field of view high resolution imaging system based on polarization control can perform high resolution and large field of view imaging on two different polarization states respectively, can fuse the images through computer post-processing, can simultaneously capture high resolution central attention areas and wide field of view peripheral environment information, and can improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the first polarization state is left-handed polarization, the second polarization state is right-handed polarization, the material of the base layer 1111 is silicon dioxide, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; the material of the first nano structure array 1112 is amorphous silicon, the period is 600 nm, the thickness is 800 nm, and the shape is a rectangle with a length-width size of 100 nm to 500 nm; the material of the base layer 1131 is silicon dioxide, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; the material of the second nano structure array 1132 is amorphous silicon, the period is 600 nm, the thickness is 800 nm, and the shape is a rectangle with a length-width size of 100 nm to 500 nm.

[0055] The second super surface system 1200 provided by the specific embodiment of the application includes a third super surface, a second liquid crystal wave plate and a fourth super surface along the direction of the light path.

[0056] The third super surface provided by the embodiment is used for receiving an incident light beam and performing high resolution imaging on the second polarization light beam, and has no effect on the phase distribution of the first polarization light beam.

[0057] The second liquid crystal wave plate provided by the embodiment is used for mixing and emitting the incident first polarization light beam and the second polarization light beam according to a preset proportion.

[0058] The fourth super surface provided by the embodiment is used for receiving the mixed and emitted light beam and performing large field of view imaging on the first polarization light beam, and has no effect on the phase distribution of the second polarization light beam.

[0059] The third metasurface provided by the embodiment comprises a substrate layer and a third nanostructure array located below the substrate layer, the third nanostructure array performs high-resolution imaging on the second polarized light beam and has no influence on the phase distribution of the first polarized light beam, and the third nanostructure array satisfies the phase distribution as follows:

[0060] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarized light beam, is the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam, is the actual annular zone radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the third nanostructure array to the camera, and the distance from the third nanostructure array to the camera is the same as the distance from the first nanostructure array to the camera.

[0061] The fourth metasurface provided by the embodiment comprises a substrate layer and a fourth nanostructure array located below the substrate layer, the fourth nanostructure array performs large field-of-view imaging on the first polarized light beam and has no influence on the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam, and the fourth nanostructure array satisfies the phase distribution as follows:

[0062] wherein, is the phase distribution of the first polarized light beam, is the phase distribution of the second polarized light beam, is the actual annular zone radius, is the central wavelength of the incident light, is the distance from the fourth nanostructure array to the camera, and the distance from the fourth nanostructure array to the camera is the same as the distance from the second nanostructure array to the camera.

[0063] The material of the substrate is quartz glass; the materials of the third nanostructure array and the fourth nanostructure array are monocrystalline silicon, titanium dioxide or silicon nitride respectively; and the cross-sectional shape of the nanostructure unit of the third nanostructure array and the fourth nanostructure array is square, circular or hole structure.

[0064] The camera 2000 provided by the embodiment is located below the metasurface system array 1000 and is used to acquire the image formed by the metasurface system array 1000.

Claims

1. A large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation, characterized in that, include: An array of metasurface systems and a camera along the direction of the optical path, wherein: The metasurface system array comprises multiple pairs of metasurface systems distributed in an array, each pair of metasurface systems including: A first metasurface system is used to perform high-resolution imaging and large field-of-view imaging of a first polarized beam and a second polarized beam of an incident beam, respectively. The second metasurface system is used to perform large field-of-view imaging and high-resolution imaging on the first polarized beam and the second polarized beam, respectively. The camera is used to acquire and fuse images from different metasurface systems in order to capture high-resolution central area of ​​interest and wide field-of-view information about the surrounding environment.

2. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first metasurface system, along the direction of the optical path, includes a first metasurface, a first liquid crystal waveplate, and a second metasurface. The first metasurface is used to receive the incident beam and perform high-resolution imaging of the first polarized beam, without affecting the phase distribution of the second polarized beam. The first liquid crystal waveplate is used to mix and emit the incident first polarized beam and the second polarized beam according to a preset ratio; The second metasurface is used to receive the mixed emitted light beam and to perform large field-of-view imaging of the second polarized beam, without affecting the phase distribution of the first polarized beam.

3. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first metasurface includes a substrate layer and a first nanostructure array located below the substrate layer. The first nanostructure array is used for high-resolution imaging and has no effect on the phase distribution of the second polarized beam. The phase distribution satisfied by the first nanostructure array is as follows: in, The phase distribution of the beam in the first polarization state is shown. The phase distribution of the beam in the second polarization state. This is the actual radius of the ring. The center wavelength of the incident light The distance from the first nanostructure array to the camera.

4. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second metasurface includes a substrate layer and a second nanostructure array located below the substrate layer. The second nanostructure array performs large field-of-view imaging of the second polarized beam and has no effect on the phase distribution of the first polarized beam. The second nanostructure array satisfies the following phase distribution: in, The phase distribution of the beam in the first polarization state is shown. The phase distribution of the beam in the second polarization state. This is the actual radius of the ring. The center wavelength of the incident light This represents the distance from the second nanostructure array to the camera.

5. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The substrate is made of quartz glass; The materials of the first nanostructure array and the second nanostructure array are respectively single-crystal silicon, titanium dioxide or silicon nitride. The cross-sectional shape of the nanostructure units in the first and second nanostructure arrays is square, circular, or porous.

6. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second metasurface system includes: a third metasurface, a second liquid crystal waveplate, and a fourth metasurface along the direction of the optical path. The third metasurface is used to receive the incident beam and perform high-resolution imaging of the second polarized beam, without affecting the phase distribution of the first polarized beam. The second liquid crystal waveplate is used to mix and emit the incident first polarized beam and the second polarized beam according to a preset ratio; The fourth metasurface is used to receive the mixed emitted light beam and to perform large field-of-view imaging of the first polarized beam, without affecting the phase distribution of the second polarized beam.

7. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third metasurface includes a substrate layer and a third nanostructure array located beneath the substrate layer. The third nanostructure array performs high-resolution imaging of the second polarized beam and has no effect on the phase distribution of the first polarized beam. The phase distribution satisfied by the third nanostructure array is as follows: in, The phase distribution of the beam in the first polarization state is shown. The phase distribution of the beam in the second polarization state. This is the actual radius of the ring. The center wavelength of the incident light The distance from the third nanostructure array to the camera is the same as the distance from the first nanostructure array to the camera.

8. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fourth metasurface includes a substrate layer and a fourth nanostructure array located below the substrate layer. The fourth nanostructure array performs large field-of-view imaging of the first polarized beam and has no effect on the phase distribution of the second polarized beam. The phase distribution satisfied by the fourth nanostructure array is as follows: in, The phase distribution of the beam in the first polarization state is shown. The phase distribution of the beam in the second polarization state. This is the actual radius of the ring. The center wavelength of the incident light The distance from the fourth nanostructure array to the camera is the same as the distance from the second nanostructure array to the camera.

9. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The substrate is made of quartz glass; The materials of the third and fourth nanostructure arrays are respectively monocrystalline silicon, titanium dioxide, or silicon nitride. The cross-sectional shape of the nanostructure units in the third and fourth nanostructure arrays is square, circular, or porous.

10. The large field-of-view high-resolution imaging system based on polarization modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The incident beam includes a first polarization beam and a second polarization beam, wherein the first polarization beam and the second polarization beam are orthogonally polarized. The first polarization beam is left-handed polarization, and the second polarization beam is right-handed polarization.

Images