Stripping topsoil maintenance method for sub-alpine forest shrub climate region

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface soil stripping maintenance method for a sub-alpine forest shrub climate region, and belongs to the technical field of railway engineering construction and ecological environment protection, and the method specifically comprises the steps of surface soil stripping, gradient sowing, layered stockpiling, dust screen covering, fertilization, dynamic monitoring, and acceptance and delivery. By constructing a three-dimensional maintenance system of covering sowing, layered stockpiling and dynamic fertilizer supplementing, the problem that a traditional method is insufficient in adaptability under the extreme climate of a sub-alpine forest shrub climate area is solved, efficient utilization of surface soil resources and rapid ecological restoration are achieved, and therefore the problems that after surface soil is stripped, quality is degraded, and vegetation restoration is difficult are solved; and coordinated development of engineering construction and ecological protection is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for stripping and maintaining topsoil in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones, belonging to the technical field of railway engineering construction and ecological environmental protection. Background Technology

[0002] Topsoil stripping is a key technical step in protecting land resources and maintaining ecological balance during engineering construction. Its core lies in completely stripping and properly preserving the topsoil rich in organic matter and microorganisms so that it can be used for subsequent land reclamation or ecological restoration, thereby minimizing the disturbance of engineering construction to the natural environment.

[0003] The construction of high-altitude railways often traverses complex terrain areas such as the Hengduan Mountains, passing through regions that are mostly typical subalpine forest-shrub climate zones. These climate zones are mostly located at altitudes between 2,000 and 4,000 meters, characterized by low temperatures, large diurnal temperature variations, concentrated rainfall, and intense evaporation. The vegetation is mainly coniferous forests and shrubs, with thin soil layers and low organic matter content, making the ecosystem extremely fragile.

[0004] Therefore, during the construction of plateau railways, engineering activities such as roadbed excavation and tunnel construction inevitably involve a large amount of topsoil stripping operations.

[0005] However, the unique environment of the subalpine forest-shrub climate zone poses severe challenges to the maintenance of topsoil after stripping. For example, high altitude and lack of oxygen, as well as large temperature differences between day and night, lead to rapid evaporation of topsoil moisture, reduced microbial activity, and severe nutrient loss; the topsoil layer is thin and has low organic matter content, making it prone to compaction and erosion after stripping, resulting in weak natural vegetation recovery capacity; and there is strong engineering interference: large-scale mechanical operations damage the soil structure, and the dumping of waste at spoil heaps leads to topsoil compaction, further hindering vegetation regeneration.

[0006] Existing topsoil maintenance techniques are mostly designed for plains or low-altitude areas, mainly using simple piling and plastic film covering. However, they have obvious limitations in subalpine climates: existing topsoil maintenance techniques fail to fully consider the special characteristics of subalpine climates, which can easily lead to a decline in topsoil quality, a prolonged vegetation recovery cycle, and a lack of nutrient replenishment strategies for special climates, resulting in continuous degradation of topsoil quality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to propose a method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones, aiming to solve problems such as quality degradation and difficulty in vegetation restoration after topsoil stripping, and to ensure the coordinated development of engineering construction and ecological protection.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones includes the following steps:

[0010] Step S1, Topsoil stripping: After stripping the topsoil, remove impurities and place it in a shady, sheltered place on a shady slope for temporary storage;

[0011] Step S2, zoning and sowing: After dividing the stripped topsoil into zones according to different altitudes, sow seeds in each zone, add phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to the topsoil, mix well, and let stand to promote microbial colonization.

[0012] Step S3, Layered stacking: The topsoil after zoning is stacked in layers using a stepped stacking method;

[0013] Step S4, Dustproof Net Covering: Cover the piled soil with dustproof netting;

[0014] Step S5, Fertilization: Fertilize the soil according to environmental changes to replenish soil nutrients;

[0015] Step S6, Stacking method (stacking time control and acceptance): Control the stacking time and conduct acceptance after stacking is completed.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S1, the topsoil is stripped using a layered stripping method, with a stripping speed ≤ 500m. 3 / h, and retain a 10-30cm tillage layer.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific partitioning and sowing types are as follows:

[0018] 2000-2500m zone: Sow a mixture of Kentucky bluegrass and crested wheatgrass;

[0019] 2500-3000m zone: In addition to Kentucky bluegrass and Leymus chinensis, add Hippophae rhamnoides cuttings;

[0020] In the 3000-4000m area: Golden Potentilla branches are planted using the oblique insertion method.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S3, during the stepped stacking process, a 25-30cm thick straw isolation layer is laid at the bottom. After each layer of topsoil is piled up to a height of 25-30cm, it is compacted in a gradient. A V-shaped drainage ditch is excavated at the top of the pile and filled with gravel.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S3, after laying the bottom layer of straw for vibration isolation, it is compacted to a density ≥0.8 g / cm³. 3 The pressure for gradient compaction of each layer of topsoil is ≤0.5MPa; the total height of the pile is 1.8-2.0m, and the slope is ≤15°.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S4, a black polyethylene dustproof net with a light transmittance of 40% and a tensile strength of ≥15kN / m is used. When covering, it is anchored at the top with U-shaped nails and buried at the bottom for 15-20cm.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S4, after covering with the dustproof net, the light intensity under the net is tested monthly. When the PAR value is <50 μmol / m 2 When the light transmittance is 50%, replace it with a dustproof net.

[0025] Further, in step S5, the environmental change refers to the change in ambient temperature: T < 5℃ is the low-temperature period, 5℃ ≤ T < 10℃ is the warming period, and T ≥ 10℃ is the growing season; specific fertilization and management are as follows:

[0026] During periods of low temperatures, fertilization should be suspended, and only a 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed.

[0027] Apply slow-release fertilizer of type N∶P∶K=1∶2∶1 during the warming period;

[0028] During the growing season, switch to a fast-acting fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 2:1:1 and apply it every 15 days.

[0029] N, P, and K represent fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S6, the storage method includes long-term storage or short-term storage, with long-term storage time > 6 months and short-term storage time ≤ 6 months;

[0031] During long-term storage, a layer of straw for vibration isolation should be added every 4 weeks, maintaining a thickness of 10cm.

[0032] During short-term storage, the top 5-15cm of soil should be turned over every 2 weeks.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S6, if the acceptance test fails, the phosphate-solubilizing agent is re-inoculated, and the storage period is extended by 30 days.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] This invention addresses the shortcomings of traditional methods in adapting to extreme climates in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones by constructing a three-dimensional maintenance system that integrates topsoil sowing, layered storage, and dynamic fertilization. This system enables efficient utilization of topsoil resources and rapid ecological restoration, thereby solving problems such as quality degradation after topsoil stripping and difficulties in vegetation restoration, and ensuring the coordinated development of engineering construction and ecological protection.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort: Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the topsoil stripping and maintenance method in the subalpine forest-shrub climate zone in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones includes the following steps:

[0042] Step S1, Topsoil stripping

[0043] Pretreatment: First, use an ST-200 topsoil stripper, adjust the blade spacing to 15cm, ensure the stripping thickness is precisely controlled at 25-30cm, and the stripping speed ≤500m / s. 3 / h, to avoid damage to the soil structure caused by high-speed operation, and then remove stones, roots and other debris through a vibrating screen with a 5cm aperture. During this process, it is necessary to ensure that the impurity content of the screened material is ≤5%; otherwise, it is returned for secondary screening.

[0044] Temporary storage: Store the pretreated topsoil in a shady, sheltered place on a shady slope, with a pile height not exceeding 1m, and cover the soil surface with a dustproof net with a light transmittance of 30% to prevent wind erosion and water loss;

[0045] Step S2, partitioning and sowing

[0046] Sowing should be carried out in zones according to altitude:

[0047] 2000-2500m zone: Mixed sowing of Kentucky bluegrass (10g / m²) 2 ) + Winged Leymus (5g / m 2 );

[0048] 2500-3000m area: In addition to Kentucky bluegrass and Leymus chinensis, increase the number of Hippophae rhamnoides cuttings (2 plants / m²). 2 The seeding rate for Kentucky bluegrass and crested wheatgrass was increased to 20 g / m². 2(Sowing Kentucky bluegrass at 12.5 g / m²) 2 +7.5g / m² of *Leymus chinensis* 2 );

[0049] In the 3000-4000m range: use the oblique insertion method to plant 30cm long branches of Potentilla fruticosa, with a spacing of 50cm×50cm. In high-altitude areas, prioritize plants with hairy leaves such as Potentilla fruticosa to reduce transpiration and water loss.

[0050] After the sowing in the designated areas is completed, substrate inoculation is carried out. 200g of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria agent with an effective live bacteria count of ≥200 million / g is added to each cubic meter of topsoil. After mixing evenly, the mixture is left to stand for 24 hours to promote microbial colonization.

[0051] Step S3, hierarchical stacking

[0052] The straw is stacked in layers using a stepped stacking method, with a 30cm thick layer of straw as the bottom layer for vibration damping, and a compacted density of ≥0.8g / cm³. 3 After each layer of topsoil is piled up to a height of 30cm, it is compacted in a gradient using a ZL50 loader with a pressure ≤0.5MPa. The total height of the pile is controlled at 1.8-2.0m and the slope is ≤15°. The straw isolation layer in this invention can reduce more than 80% of freeze-thaw stress and prevent the topsoil from hardening.

[0053] At the same time, a drainage system needs to be constructed. Specifically, a V-shaped drainage ditch with a depth of 30cm and a width of 40cm is excavated on the top of the pile, and the ditch is filled with crushed stone with a particle size of 5-10cm and a slope ratio of 1:0.5.

[0054] Step S4, cover with dustproof netting

[0055] Black polyethylene dustproof netting with a light transmittance of 40% and a tensile strength ≥15kN / m was used to cover the piled soil. The mesh size of the dustproof netting was ≤2mm to prevent birds from pecking at the seeds. The covering process employed a "pull-up, press-down" method for fixation: the top was anchored with U-shaped nails, and the bottom was buried 20cm deep. The overlapping joints of the dustproof netting were sealed with hot melt tape, with a seam width ≤5cm. Dynamic adjustments could be made after covering with the dustproof netting, and the light intensity under the netting was monitored monthly. When the PAR value was <50μmol / m², the netting was properly controlled. 2 When the light transmittance is 50%, replace it with a dustproof net with a light transmittance of 50%.

[0056] Step S5, Fertilize

[0057] This step is mainly to achieve intelligent fertilization and nutrient management at the same time. In actual operation, TR-600 temperature and humidity sensors are buried at different depths in the pile. The present invention preferably buries temperature and humidity sensors at 10cm, 30cm and 50cm. The data acquisition frequency of the temperature and humidity sensors is set to 1 time / h and wirelessly transmitted to the monitoring platform.

[0058] During the management process, soil fertilization is managed according to changes in ambient temperature, including:

[0059] When T < 5℃, it is the low temperature period. During the low temperature period, fertilization should be suspended and a 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed.

[0060] When 5℃≤T<10℃, it is the warming period. During the warming period, apply N∶P∶K=1∶2∶1 type slow-release fertilizer (50g / m³). 2 );

[0061] When T≥10℃, it is the growing season. During the growing season, switch to a fast-acting fertilizer of N∶P∶K=2∶1∶1 (30g / m³). 2 Apply once every 15 days;

[0062] This invention can improve fertilizer utilization by 35% through a temperature and humidity linkage system. In addition, during the management process, if vegetation is found to have nutrient deficiency symptoms, micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed, which contains 0.5% Fe and 0.3% Zn.

[0063] Step S6, Stacking Method (Stacking Time Control) and Acceptance

[0064] The storage methods include long-term storage or short-term storage. Long-term storage lasts for more than 6 months, while short-term storage lasts for less than 6 months. During long-term storage, a layer of straw is added every 4 weeks to maintain a thickness of 10cm. During short-term storage, the top 5-15cm of soil is turned over every 2 weeks.

[0065] The acceptance criteria for this invention are as follows:

[0066] Physical properties: Bulk density ≤1.3g / cm³ 3 Porosity ≥ 45%;

[0067] Chemical indicators: Organic matter content ≥1.5%, pH value 5.5-7.0;

[0068] Biological indicators: microbial biomass carbon ≥ 300 mg / kg, earthworm density ≥ 5 earthworms / m² 2 .

[0069] If the acceptance test fails, the phosphate-solubilizing agent must be re-inoculated and the storage period extended by 30 days. During this period, the soil should be fertilized and managed in accordance with the method in step S5, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied should be increased by 20%.

[0070] Subalpine forest-shrub climate zones are characterized by low temperatures, strong radiation, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles, leading to soil compaction, nutrient loss, and difficulties in vegetation restoration after topsoil stripping. This invention addresses the shortcomings of traditional methods in adapting to extreme climates by constructing a three-dimensional maintenance system that integrates mulching and sowing, layered storage, and dynamic fertilization. This system achieves efficient utilization of topsoil resources and rapid ecological restoration. Furthermore, through precise control of process parameters, the method of this invention enables the utilization rate of topsoil resources in subalpine areas to reach over 92%, which is 40% higher than traditional methods, providing a reliable technical path for ecological restoration under extreme climates.

[0071] The following provides a detailed description of the scope of application, equipment, personnel, and processes of this invention.

[0072] I. Scope of Application

[0073] The method of this invention is mainly applicable to subalpine forest-shrub climate zones with an altitude of ≥2000m, mainly applicable to large-scale spoil disposal sites for mountain railways, and also applicable to temporary land reclamation for highway construction, ecological restoration projects in mines, and management of disturbance areas caused by water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0074] II. Beneficial Effects

[0075] Core objective: To achieve an increase of ≥25% in topsoil organic matter content and restore vegetation coverage to over 60% within 3 years;

[0076] Ecological value: Reduces the need for purchased soil by 40%, reduces soil erosion by 50%, and forms a replicable ecological restoration model for high-altitude and cold regions;

[0077] Economic value: Shortens the reclamation cycle by 30% and saves 20% on engineering costs;

[0078] Achieved effect: Topsoil bulk density increased from 1.5 g / cm³ 3 Reduced to 1.2 g / cm³ 3 Microbial biomass carbon increased threefold, and vegetation establishment accelerated by two growing seasons;

[0079] III. Materials and Equipment

[0080] 1. List of Materials

[0081] Hardy herbaceous seeds (5 kg of Kentucky bluegrass and 8 kg of Leymus chinensis);

[0082] Shrub branches (2000 sea buckthorn plants and 1500 golden pothos plants);

[0083] 2 tons of compound fertilizer (N15-P15-K15);

[0084] Black dustproof netting (40% light transmittance) 5000m 2 ;

[0085] 300m of straw isolation layer 3 ;

[0086] 2. Equipment List

[0087] Two topsoil stripping machines (model: ST-200);

[0088] One seeder (model: BS-50);

[0089] 10 sets of soil temperature and humidity sensors (model: TR-600);

[0090] Three loaders (model: ZL50);

[0091] IV. Construction Process and Key Operation Points

[0092] 1. Process Flow

[0093] The main process flow of this invention is as follows: topsoil stripping → gradient seeding → layered storage → dust net covering → intelligent fertilization → dynamic monitoring → acceptance and delivery, as detailed below. Figure 1 As shown;

[0094] 2. Key Operating Points

[0095] Topsoil stripping: A layered stripping method is used, retaining a 10-30cm topsoil layer, with the stripping speed controlled at ≤500m / s. 3 / h;

[0096] Gradual sowing: Sow according to altitude zones, with a sowing rate of 15g / m² in the 2000-2500m zone. 2 20g / m² in the 2500-3000m zone 2 ;

[0097] Layered stacking: Each layer is stacked to a height of 30cm and then compacted. A straw isolation layer is laid on the slope, and a drainage ditch is set on the top of the stack.

[0098] Intelligent fertilization: Fertilization is initiated when the soil temperature is >5℃, with each application rate controlled at 50g / m³. 2 .

[0099] V. Quality Standards and Control Measures

[0100] 1. National Standard Basis

[0101] "Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Control" (GB 15618-2018);

[0102] "Quality Control Standard for Land Reclamation" (TD / T 1036-2013);

[0103] 2. Control Measures

[0104] Topsoil moisture content monitoring: twice daily, controlled at 15%-20%;

[0105] Vegetation cover monitoring: once a month, measured using the quadratic method;

[0106] Soil nutrient testing: once per quarter, commissioned to a third-party organization;

[0107] VI. Benefit Analysis

[0108] 1. Economic benefits

[0109] Reduce the cost of purchasing railway materials from outside sources: approximately 800,000 yuan / km for railways;

[0110] Shortening the reclamation cycle: saving 300,000 yuan / year in management costs;

[0111] 2. Social benefits

[0112] Job creation: 50 temporary jobs will be provided during the construction period;

[0113] Raising ecological awareness: Establishing demonstration bases for ecological restoration in high-altitude and cold regions;

[0114] 3. Ecological benefits

[0115] Carbon sequestration increment: approximately 120 tons / ha of CO2 fixed annually;

[0116] Enhanced biodiversity: Species richness increased by 40% within 3 years;

[0117] VII. Application Cases

[0118] 1. Application Example of a Railway Section in a High-Altitude Area

[0119] Project scale: Waste disposal site area of ​​12 hectares, topsoil stripping volume of 36,000 m³. 3 ;

[0120] 2. Implementation Results

[0121] After 12 months, the vegetation coverage reached 65%, the topsoil organic matter content increased from 1.2% to 1.8%, and the amount of soil erosion decreased by 58%. At the same time, it saved 2.16 million yuan in reclamation costs, shortened the construction period by 4 months, and significantly improved economic benefits.

[0122] This invention achieves efficient utilization and rapid ecological restoration of topsoil resources in subalpine forest-shrub climate zones through a systematic maintenance method, providing a replicable technical solution for engineering construction in complex environments such as railways.

[0123] The innovation of this invention lies in constructing a dynamic and refined topsoil maintenance system specifically designed for the unique environment of the "subalpine forest-shrub climate zone".

[0124] 1. Precise zoning and ecologically adapted rapid vegetation colonization technology

[0125] This invention patent emphasizes that it is not simply about piling up soil, but about immediately introducing living vegetation to actively fix the soil, retain fertilizer, and improve the micro-ecology using plant roots. Specifically, it selects the most suitable pioneer plants (such as Kentucky bluegrass, sea buckthorn, and Potentilla fruticosa) based on the water and heat conditions at different altitudes to ensure the survival rate of sowing and the efficiency of soil activation. Secondly, it adds phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria to solve the problem that phosphorus in subalpine soils is not easily absorbed by plants, thereby actively improving the basic fertility of the soil.

[0126] 2. Ladder-type layered stacking structure technology

[0127] This invention patent creates a stable, permeable, and erosion-resistant pile structure by simulating natural terraces, rather than simply piling up material: the bottom layer is laid with a straw isolation layer (buffering and permeability), and the top has a V-shaped gravel drainage ditch (drainage and erosion prevention). Strict regulations are in place for the height of each layer (25-30cm), the total height (1.8-2.0m), the slope (≤15°), and the compaction density (≥0.8g / cm³). 3 Finding a balance between stability and avoiding over-compaction;

[0128] 3. Feedback-based maintenance management technology based on dynamic monitoring of environmental factors

[0129] This invention patent dynamically adjusts based on real-time environmental data (light intensity, temperature), embodying the concept of "intelligent maintenance"; the dynamic replacement of the dustproof net monitors photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and when light is insufficient (<50 μmol / m²), it will adjust accordingly. 2 / s) Actively replace the dustproof net with one that has higher light transmittance to ensure the photosynthetic needs of the vegetation under the net.

[0130] In addition, the maintenance period is divided into "low temperature period, warming period, and growing season", and different types of fertilizers (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, slow-release fertilizer, and quick-acting fertilizer) and ratios (N:P:K) are configured for each period to ensure that the nutrient supply is perfectly matched with the plant's needs and climatic conditions.

[0131] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in a subalpine forest-shrubland climate zone, comprising the following steps: Step S1, Topsoil stripping: After stripping the topsoil, remove impurities and place it in a shady, sheltered place on a shady slope for temporary storage; Step S2, zoning and sowing: After dividing the stripped topsoil into zones according to different altitudes, sow seeds in each zone, add phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to the topsoil, mix well, and let stand to promote microbial colonization. Step S3, Layered stacking: The topsoil after zoning is stacked in layers using a stepped stacking method; Step S4, Dustproof Net Covering: Cover the piled soil with dustproof netting; Step S5, Fertilization: Fertilize the soil according to environmental changes to replenish soil nutrients; Step S6, Storage Method and Acceptance: Control the storage time and conduct acceptance after storage is completed.

2. The topsoil stripping maintenance method of the subalpine forest scrub climate zone according to claim 1, characterized by In step S1, the topsoil is stripped using a layered stripping method, with a stripping speed ≤500m. 3 / h, and retain a 10-30cm tillage layer.

3. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific types of partitioning and sowing are as follows: 2000-2500m zone: Sow a mixture of Kentucky bluegrass and crested wheatgrass; 2500-3000m zone: In addition to Kentucky bluegrass and Leymus chinensis, add Hippophae rhamnoides cuttings; In the 3000-4000m area: Golden Potentilla branches are planted using the oblique insertion method.

4. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S3, during the stepped stacking process, a 25-30cm thick straw isolation layer is laid at the bottom. After each layer of topsoil is piled up to a height of 25-30cm, it is compacted in a gradient. A V-shaped drainage ditch is dug at the top and filled with gravel.

5. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones according to claim 4, characterized in that, After laying the bottom layer of straw shock insulation layer, compacted to a density of ≥0.8 g / cm 3 ; the pressure of gradient compaction of each layer of topsoil is ≤0.5 MPa; the total height of the pile is 1.8-2.0 m, and the slope is ≤15°.

6. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S4, a black polyethylene dustproof net with a light transmittance of 40% and a tensile strength of ≥15kN / m is used. When covering, it is anchored at the top with U-shaped nails and buried at the bottom for 15-20cm.

7. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrub climate zones according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, after covering the dust screen, the light intensity under the screen is detected every month, and when the PAR value < 50 μmol / m 2 s, the dust screen with a light transmittance of 50% is replaced.

8. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S5, the environmental change refers to the change in ambient temperature. T < 5℃ is the low-temperature period, 5℃ ≤ T < 10℃ is the warming period, and T ≥ 10℃ is the growing season. Specific fertilization management is as follows: During periods of low temperatures, fertilization should be suspended, and a 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed. During the warming period, apply slow-release fertilizer of type N∶P∶K=1∶2∶1; During the growing season, switch to a fast-acting fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 2:1:1 and apply it every 15 days. N, P, and K represent fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively.

9. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S6, the storage method includes long-term storage or short-term storage, with long-term storage time > 6 months and short-term storage time ≤ 6 months; During long-term storage, a layer of straw for vibration isolation should be added every 4 weeks, maintaining a thickness of 10cm. During short-term storage, the top 5-15cm of soil should be turned over every 2 weeks.

10. The method for topsoil stripping and maintenance in subalpine forest-shrubland climate zones according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S6, if the acceptance test fails, the phosphate-solubilizing agent is re-inoculated and the storage period is extended by 30 days.

Images