Breakwater stress analysis method and system based on large-wave water tank

Abstract

The invention provides a bulwark stress analysis method and system based on a large wave water tank, and relates to the technical field of water transportation engineering simulation tests. In order to solve the problems of poor stress analysis test scene coverage capability and poor analysis result precision in the prior art, the size of a wave water tank is determined according to actual wave parameters; specifically, the water tank is a large wave water tank with the length of 90 meters, the width of 3 meters and the height of 1.8 meters. A wave water tank is set to be a wave generation area and a wave absorption area, and a wave height measuring device is installed in the wave generation area; in the wave generation area, waves of various working conditions are generated, and initial wave parameters are measured according to a wave height measuring device; installing the breakwater model at a preset position of a wave generation area, and measuring wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed; and determining transmission coefficients of various working conditions according to the two wave parameters. The breakwater stress analysis method disclosed by the invention has relatively high scene coverage capability and relatively high analysis result precision.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waterway engineering simulation test, and in particular relates to a breakwater stress analysis method and system based on a large wave tank. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core protective structure for resisting the invasion of ocean waves, protecting the stability of the water area in the harbor, and ensuring the safety of the wharf operation and the operation and maintenance of coastal facilities, the service safety and durability of the breakwater directly determine the reliability of the entire coastal engineering system. By analyzing the stress of the breakwater, the stress variation trend under different water levels and different wave recurrence periods can be mastered, so as to adjust the structure size, improve the operation and maintenance efficiency, and ensure the safety of the structure.

[0003] In the prior art, the stress analysis of the breakwater by physical model test in the laboratory generally includes: a scaled breakwater model is built in a small wave tank in the laboratory, and the small wave tank usually has a length of ≤30m and a width of ≤1.5m. Waves are generated by a wave generator, and stress data are measured by a wave height instrument and a pressure sensor. Although this method is close to the actual physical process, the scaled ratio of the small tank is too large, the measured stress value deviates greatly from the actual engineering value, the wave simulation capability is limited, the space of the small tank is limited, and it is difficult to cover the coupling conditions of extreme high water level, extreme low water level and different recurrence period waves at the same time, and the test scene is single.

[0004] In the prior art, the stress analysis of the breakwater by using a small tank results in poor coverage of the stress analysis test scene and poor accuracy of the analysis results due to the limitation of the size of the tank.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a breakwater stress analysis method and system based on a large wave tank for improving the scene coverage and the accuracy of the analysis results. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the poor coverage of the stress analysis test scene and the poor accuracy of the analysis results in the prior art, the present application provides a breakwater stress analysis method based on a large wave tank, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Determine the size of the wave tank according to the actual wave parameters; Specifically, the wave tank is set as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters and a height of 1.8 meters; S2. Set the wave tank as a wave generating area and a wave absorbing area, and install a wave height measuring device in the wave generating area; S3. In the wave generating area, generate waves under multiple working conditions, and measure the initial wave parameters according to the wave height measuring device; S4, install the breakwater model at a preset position of the wave generating area, and measure wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed according to the wave height measuring device; S5, determine the transmission coefficient under multiple working conditions according to the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed.

[0007] Further, in S2, the wave tank is set as the wave generating area and the wave absorbing area, including: setting a straight wall in the wave tank to divide the wave tank into the wave generating area and the wave absorbing area; wherein the thickness of the straight wall is 15 cm.

[0008] Further, in S3, the wave generating area generates waves under multiple working conditions, including: arranging a hydraulic servo irregular wave maker and a control system thereof in the wave generating area; inputting preset parameters to the control system to make the irregular wave maker output waves under multiple working conditions; the multiple working conditions include different water level working conditions and different return period wave working conditions.

[0009] Further, the wave includes irregular waves, and after the waves under multiple working conditions are generated, it further includes: simulating the irregular waves by using the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Arai, to reproduce the energy distribution characteristics of real ocean waves; and adjusting the irregular waves output by the wave maker according to the energy distribution characteristics of the real ocean waves.

[0010] Further, simulating the irregular waves by using the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Arai includes: selecting multiple independent random seeds for each wave element, and respectively generating corresponding irregular wave trains based on the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Arai; wherein the wave elements include effective wave height, spectral peak frequency and total energy of wave energy spectrum; measuring the wave elements in the irregular wave trains by the wave height measuring device; when the wave train of a seed does not meet the preset deviation requirement, adjusting the wave maker parameters to regenerate the wave train until the preset deviation requirement is met.

[0011] Further, in the S5, the transmission coefficient under various working conditions is determined according to the initial wave parameter and the wave parameter after the installation of the breakwater model, including: according to the initial wave parameter and the wave parameter after the installation of the breakwater model, calculating the ratio of the initial wave parameter and the wave parameter after the installation of the breakwater model; taking the ratio as the transmission coefficient. In addition to installing the wave height measuring device in the wave generating area, the method further includes: installing a pressure measuring device in the wave generating area; measuring the wave pressure data of different parts of the breakwater through the pressure measuring device; the wave pressure data includes the wave force corresponding wave pressure data of the wave-encountering surface on the outside and the wave-encountering surface on the inside of the breakwater, and the wave pressure data of the floatation force corresponding to the top plate and the lower cross beam of the breakwater; according to the measured wave pressure data, analyzing the stress distribution law of different parts of the breakwater under different water levels and different return period wave working conditions.

[0012] The application further provides a breakwater stress analysis system based on a large wave tank, which is used for executing the breakwater stress analysis method based on a large wave tank. A size determining module is configured to determine the size of the wave tank according to the actual wave parameter. A partition module is connected with the size determining module and is configured to set the wave tank as a wave generating area and a wave absorbing area, and install a wave height measuring device in the wave generating area. A first wave measuring module is connected with the partition module and is configured to generate waves under various working conditions in the wave generating area and measure initial wave parameters according to the wave height measuring device. A second wave measuring module is connected with the partition module and is configured to install a breakwater model at a preset position in the wave generating area and measure wave parameters after the installation of the breakwater model according to the wave height measuring device. An analysis module is connected with the first wave measuring module and the second wave measuring module and is configured to determine the transmission coefficient under various working conditions according to the initial wave parameter and the wave parameter after the installation of the breakwater model.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: The present application determines the size of the wave tank according to the actual wave parameters, and is specifically provided as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters, and a height of 1.8 meters. The wave tank is set as a wave generating area and a wave absorbing area, and a wave height measuring device is installed in the wave generating area. In the wave generating area, waves of multiple working conditions are generated, and the initial wave parameters are measured according to the wave height measuring device. The breakwater model is installed at a preset position in the wave generating area, and the wave parameters after the installation of the breakwater model are measured. The transmission coefficients of multiple working conditions are determined according to the above two wave parameters. By setting the wave tank as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters, and a height of 1.8 meters, the waves under multiple working conditions can be completely simulated, for example, the whole process of wave generation, propagation, and impact on the breakwater is simulated, the real wave pattern is restored, and the scene coverage capability is improved. Among them, the design of the large tank with a width of 3m and a height of 1.8m can reduce the interference of the tank wall constraint on the stress of the breakwater model, can provide a three-dimensional stress space closer to the actual engineering for the breakwater model, has smaller measurement deviation, and is beneficial to improve the analysis result accuracy. In addition, by setting the wave absorbing area, the residual waves from the wave generating area can be absorbed, and the measurement data distortion caused by the reflection of the waves back to the generating area and the superposition with the incident waves is prevented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the specific embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0015] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a breakwater stress analysis method based on a large wave tank provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a breakwater stress analysis system based on a large wave tank provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described below.

[0018] In view of the poor scene coverage and poor analysis result precision of force analysis test in the prior art, the size of the wave tank is determined according to actual wave parameters in the present application; and the wave tank is specifically set as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters and a height of 1.8 meters. The wave tank is set as a wave generation area and a wave absorbing area, and a wave height measuring device is installed in the wave generation area; in the wave generation area, waves of multiple working conditions are generated, and initial wave parameters are measured according to the wave height measuring device; a breakwater model is installed at a preset position in the wave generation area, and wave parameters after installation of the breakwater model are measured; and the transmission coefficients of multiple working conditions are determined according to the above two kinds of wave parameters. The force analysis method of the breakwater in the present application has high scene coverage and high analysis result precision.

[0019] Embodiment 1 The present application provides a force analysis method of a breakwater based on a large wave tank, Figure 1 is a flow chart of the force analysis method of the breakwater based on the large wave tank provided by the present application, as Figure 1 shown, specifically comprising the following steps: S1, determining the size of the wave tank according to actual wave parameters.

[0020] The actual wave parameters refer to the real wave data of the sea area where the breakwater project is located, for example, the actual wave parameters are obtained by field observation, historical data analysis and the like. The wave parameters include wave elements such as significant wave height, spectral peak frequency and total energy of wave energy spectrum, as well as working condition parameters such as wave recurrence period and water level state. Based on the magnitude, propagation characteristics and test simulation requirements of the actual wave parameters, the length, width and height dimensions of the water tank are matched. Among them, large-scale extreme waves, long-period waves and the like require a large enough water tank size to accurately simulate.

[0021] Specifically, the wave tank is set as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters and a height of 1.8 meters.

[0022] Among them, the height is set to 1.8m, which can cover all working conditions from extreme high water level to extreme low water level, avoiding the situation that extreme high water level working condition cannot be simulated due to too shallow water tank. The length is set to 90m, which can generate waves of different recurrence periods, such as high-energy waves of 50-year return period, to ensure that the test covers the potential stress scenarios of the breakwater throughout the service period. It guarantees multi-condition coverage and meets the actual engineering requirements. The width is set to 3 meters, which can reduce the reflection interference of the water tank side wall on the wave, so that the wave force measurement of the inboard wave-impingement surface, lower crossbeam and other parts of the breakwater is closer to the actual structure stress, improving the measurement precision and reducing the interference factors.

[0023] By designing the wave tank as a large wave tank of 90m x 3m x 1.8m, a smaller scale ratio can be used to avoid the distortion of wave breaking patterns and energy transmission rules caused by excessive scale reduction in small wave tanks, and to ensure that the simulated waves are consistent with the energy distribution and propagation characteristics of actual ocean waves.

[0024] S2, the wave tank is set as a wave generating area and a wave absorbing area, and a wave height measuring device is installed in the wave generating area.

[0025] The wave generating area refers to a functional partition in the wave tank for generating waves required for the test. The wave generating area is the core space for wave parameter generation and measurement by setting a wave generator in the wave generating area to output waves. The wave absorbing area refers to a functional partition in the wave tank for absorbing residual waves and avoiding reflection interference. By setting a wave absorbing basket in the wave absorbing area, the waves propagating from the wave generating area are absorbed to prevent the waves from being reflected back to the generating area and superimposed with the incident waves, which would cause distortion of the wave pattern and provide a stable wave environment for the generating area.

[0026] The wave height measuring device uses professional hydrological measuring equipment in the field of port, coastal and offshore engineering, which can adapt to the wave parameter measurement requirements of multiple working conditions of large wave tanks. The wave height measuring device includes a wave height sensor, a data acquisition instrument and data acquisition and processing software. The wave height sensor is responsible for capturing wave fluctuation signals in the wave tank, the data acquisition instrument converts analog signals into digital signals, and the data acquisition and processing software realizes real-time monitoring, storage and analysis of data. The wave height sensor is fixed on a movable measuring frame, which can be adjusted according to the test requirements to adjust the measurement position in the wave generating area, and adapt to the measurement point layout requirements under different working conditions.

[0027] Specifically, the wave tank is set as a wave generating area and a wave absorbing area, comprising: setting a straight wall in the wave tank to divide the wave tank into a wave generating area and a wave absorbing area; wherein the thickness of the straight wall is 15 cm.

[0028] By setting a 15 cm straight wall, a 90.0m x 3.0m x 1.8m wave tank is divided into a wave generating area with a width of 1.0m and a wave absorbing area with a width of 1.85m, realizing the independence and separation of the functions of the two areas and avoiding mutual interference. The height of the straight wall is consistent with the height of the wave tank, and the length of the straight wall is consistent with the length of the wave tank, ensuring that the straight wall can completely cover the longitudinal space of the wave tank and avoid wave penetration from the top or sides of the straight wall.

[0029] S3, in the wave generating area, waves under multiple working conditions are generated, and initial wave parameters are measured according to the wave height measuring device.

[0030] The initial wave parameter refers to a key characteristic parameter of the wave in the wave generating area without a breakwater model, which is the benchmark data for subsequent calculation of the transmission coefficient. Four wave height measuring devices are arranged in the wave generating area, and the spacing between adjacent wave height measuring devices is 0.5 m, which is used to simulate the prototype spacing of 7.5 m and capture the wave fluctuation signal.

[0031] Specifically, in the wave generating area, waves under multiple working conditions are generated, including: arranging a hydraulic servo irregular wave maker and its control system in the wave generating area; inputting preset parameters into the control system to make the irregular wave maker output waves under multiple working conditions; multiple working conditions include different water level conditions and different return period wave conditions.

[0032] The preset parameter refers to the core wave element and working condition parameter that is preset for generating test waves that match real ocean waves. Different water level conditions include four types of core water levels, namely extreme high water level, design high water level, design low water level, and extreme low water level, reflecting the change range of real ocean water level. Different return period wave conditions include four types of wave risk levels, namely 2-year, 10-year, 25-year, and 50-year, the longer the return period, the larger the wave level and the higher the extreme degree, and the 50-year is the highest risk level.

[0033] The hydraulic servo irregular wave maker and its control system are installed at a designated position in the wave generating area to ensure that the waves output by the wave maker can propagate completely along the length direction of the wave generating area. According to the target working condition, the preset parameters are determined, for example, the target working condition is the extreme high water level and the 50-year wave, and the corresponding effective wave height, spectral peak period, water level value and other parameters are input into the control system. The control system calculates the wave spectrum form and outputs the action instruction of the wave maker. The wave maker generates and releases waves according to the instruction of the control system, and outputs waves that meet the preset parameters.

[0034] The wave includes irregular waves, and after generating waves under multiple working conditions, it also includes: simulating the irregular waves by using the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Goto, reproducing the energy distribution characteristics of real ocean waves; adjusting the irregular waves output by the wave maker according to the energy distribution characteristics of the real ocean waves.

[0035] Irregular waves are the core wave type in the test, and their characteristics are that the wave height and period change randomly with time, but the overall energy distribution conforms to a certain rule, corresponding to the wave characteristics of no fixed form and containing random large waves in real ocean. The improved JONSWAP spectrum of Goto refers to a special frequency spectrum model used to define the energy distribution of irregular waves, which is the core basis for reproducing the energy characteristics of real ocean waves. The frequency spectrum of irregular waves uses the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Goto, that is: In the above formula, S(f) is the wave energy spectrum density at frequency f, σ is the peak shape parameter, β J is a standardization constant, H 1 / 3 is the significant wave height, T P is the peak period, is the average period, f is the frequency, γ is the spectral peak enhancement factor, and the average value is 3.3, f p is the spectral peak frequency. When simulating irregular waves, the effective wave height and period are input into a computer for wave spectrum simulation. After correction, the spectral density near the peak frequency, the peak frequency, the spectral energy, the effective wave height, and the like meet the requirements of the test procedure. The cumulative number of waves for each group of wave elements is more than 1000. Through the above formula, the distribution rule of wave energy at different frequencies is clear. The energy is highest near the spectral peak frequency and decreases rapidly away from the spectral peak frequency, avoiding the non-real form of irregular waves with scattered energy and no extreme waves.

[0036] For example, the irregular waves are simulated by using the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Arai, which includes: for each wave element, a plurality of independent random seeds are selected, and a corresponding irregular wave train is generated based on the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Arai; wherein the wave elements include the effective wave height, the spectral peak frequency, and the total energy of the wave energy spectrum; the wave elements in the irregular wave train are measured by the wave height measuring device; when the wave train of a certain seed does not meet the preset deviation requirement, the wave maker parameters are adjusted, and the wave train is regenerated until the preset deviation requirement is met.

[0037] Irregular waves correspond to numerous random wave trains under the same energy distribution rule (i.e., the same spectrum). Under the premise of ensuring that the sequence statistical wave height characteristic value meets the simulation accuracy, the sequence characteristics of large waves have a significant impact on the overall stability of the breakwater structure. In order to consider this impact, for each wave element, three random seeds are selected for testing. The random seed is a tool used to cover the randomness of the irregular wave sequence. The role of the random seed is to change the arrangement order of individual waves, the position of extreme large waves, and the combination form of consecutive waves in the wave train under the premise of fixed energy distribution of the Arai spectrum and fixed wave elements, which ensures that all wave trains meet the energy characteristics of the real ocean and cover the randomness of the real ocean waves, avoiding distortion of test data due to the sequence specificity of a single wave train.

[0038] For a certain combination of wave elements, such as an effective wave height of 1.15 m, a spectral peak frequency of 0.125 Hz, and a total energy of wave energy spectrum at a certain fixed value, three independent seeds are selected from a random number library to ensure that three groups of wave trains with consistent energy distribution but different sequence characteristics are generated, covering the randomness of irregular waves in real oceans. The wave elements and random seeds are input into the wave maker control system, which calculates the frequency and amplitude relationship based on the Gotoh spectrum to drive the hydraulic servo wave maker to output continuous waves, and accumulatively generate ≥1000 waves. Through the wave height measuring device, the wave fluctuation signal of the wave train is captured, and the sensor signal is converted into effective wave height, spectral peak frequency, total energy of wave energy spectrum, etc. by data processing software to form the measured value. The preset deviation requirement of the measured value and the target value is taken as the basis for calibrating the output of the wave maker. The preset deviation requirement is that the allowable deviation of the total energy of the wave energy spectrum is ±10%, the allowable deviation of the peak frequency simulation value is ±5%, and the allowable deviation of the spectral density distribution is ±15% within the range where the spectral density is greater than or equal to 0.5 times the peak value of the spectral density.

[0039] S4, install the breakwater model at a predetermined position of the wave generating area, and measure the wave parameters after installing the breakwater model according to the wave height measuring device.

[0040] The breakwater model refers to a scaled physical model used to simulate a real breakwater. Based on the scale ratio of the model and the prototype, the structural details of the breakwater model are consistent with those of the real breakwater, including inner and outer wave deflection plates, top plates, lower crossbeams, and pile foundations, which are used to reproduce the interaction between the real breakwater and the waves. The installation position of the breakwater model is set at the position of the first wave height measuring device in the wave flume. Referring to the arrangement of the wave height measuring device, after the installation of the breakwater model, there are still three wave height measuring devices behind the breakwater model, which can measure the propagation and stability of the waves after passing through the breakwater. The wave propagation direction is consistent with the wave incidence direction of the breakwater in the prototype project.

[0041] According to the initial wave parameters determined in the above embodiments, the hydraulic servo wave maker is started to generate irregular waves corresponding to the working conditions, and the wave height measuring device is started to focus on recording the wave signals of the wave height measuring devices behind the breakwater. The wave signals of the wave height measuring devices behind the breakwater are processed in the same way as the initial wave parameters. The wave parameters after installing the breakwater model refer to the wave characteristic parameters of the waves propagating in the area behind the breakwater after passing through the breakwater. The core is two types of statistical wave heights, including the 1% cumulative frequency wave height (H 4% ), which represents that only 1% of the waves behind the breakwater exceed this value, reflecting the extreme wave penetration; and the effective wave height (H S ), which is the average wave height of the first 1 / 3 large waves behind the breakwater, reflecting the conventional wave penetration scale. The allowable deviation of the effective wave height, effective period, or spectral peak period is ±5%, and the allowable deviation of the 1% cumulative frequency wave height, effective wave, and average wave height ratio in the simulated wave train is +15%.

[0042] S5. Determine the transmission coefficient under various working conditions based on the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after installing the breakwater model.

[0043] Specifically, this includes: calculating the ratio of the initial wave parameters to the wave parameters after installing the breakwater model, based on the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after installing the breakwater model; and using this ratio as the transmission coefficient. The transmission coefficient, calculated by dividing the wave parameters with and without the breakwater, is a core indicator for evaluating the wave-damping performance of a breakwater. The magnitude of the transmission coefficient directly reflects the ability of waves to pass through the breakwater; the smaller the transmission coefficient, the stronger the wave-damping effect; the larger the transmission coefficient, the weaker the wave-damping effect.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, in addition to installing a wave height measuring device in the wave generation area, the method further includes: installing a pressure measuring device in the wave generation area, wherein the pressure measuring device includes a wave pressure sensor acquisition system; measuring wave pressure data at different parts of the breakwater using the pressure measuring device; the wave pressure data includes wave pressure data corresponding to wave force on the outer wave-facing surface and the inner wave-facing surface of the breakwater, as well as wave pressure data corresponding to buoyancy force on the top plate and lower crossbeam of the breakwater; and analyzing the force distribution law of different parts of the breakwater under different water levels and wave conditions with different return periods based on the measured wave pressure data.

[0045] This pressure measurement device is a specialized system for collecting local pressure data during the interaction between a breakwater structure and waves. It is used to study wave forces and buoyancy forces on breakwaters. The core component is a 64-channel wave pressure sensor acquisition system, which supports multi-point synchronous measurement through 64 independent wave pressure sensors. The minimum sampling time interval is 0.002s, enabling the capture of instantaneous pressure peaks during wave impact. It integrates real-time monitoring, data acquisition, and data processing capabilities, achieving a measurement accuracy of 0.1Pa, ensuring precise capture of even minute changes in buoyancy force. Sensors can be flexibly arranged according to measurement point requirements, supporting wave force measurements in both the upwind and downwind directions.

[0046] The hydraulic servo wave generator in the wave generation area is activated to generate waves for a specific target condition. Simultaneously, the wave height and pressure measurement devices are started. The pressure measurement device collects wave pressure data from 29 measuring points at 0.01-second intervals, continuously collecting data for ≥1000 wave impact processes to ensure sufficient coverage of extreme wave impacts. After data collection, the maximum wave pressure, maximum wave suction, and synchronous wave pressure value for each measuring point are automatically stored. This process is repeated to sequentially collect wave pressure and wave height data for 16 different conditions, including extreme high water level, design high water level, design low water level, extreme low water level, and 2-year, 10-year, 25-year, and 50-year return periods, ensuring corresponding force and wave height data for each condition. The force distribution pattern is analyzed based on the measurement results.

[0047] This embodiment determines the size of the wave tank based on actual wave parameters, specifically setting it as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters, and a height of 1.8 meters. The wave tank is divided into a wave generation area and a wave attenuation area. A wave height measuring device is installed in the wave generation area. Waves under various operating conditions are generated in the wave generation area, and the initial wave parameters are measured using the wave height measuring device. A breakwater model is installed at a preset position in the wave generation area, and the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed are measured. The transmission coefficients for various operating conditions are determined based on the above two wave parameter parameters. By setting the wave tank as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters, and a height of 1.8 meters, it is possible to completely simulate waves under various operating conditions, such as simulating the entire process of wave generation, propagation, and impact on the breakwater, restoring the real wave morphology and improving scene coverage. The large water tank, measuring 3m wide and 1.8m high, reduces the interference of the tank wall constraints on the breakwater model's stress. This provides the breakwater model with a three-dimensional stress space closer to that of actual engineering projects, making data such as the impact pressure on the outer wave-facing surface and the buoyancy force on the top plate more closely resemble the actual structural stress, resulting in smaller measurement deviations and improved accuracy of the analysis results. Furthermore, by setting up a wave-damping area, the residual waves propagating from the wave-generating area can be absorbed, preventing distortion of measurement data caused by the superposition of reflected waves with the incident waves.

[0048] Example 2 This invention also provides a breakwater stress analysis system based on a large wave flume. Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a breakwater stress analysis system based on a large wave flume provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: The size determination module 110 is used to determine the size of the wave tank based on the actual wave parameters. The partitioning module 120, connected to the size determination module 110, is used to set the wave tank as a wave generation area and a wave dissipation area, and to install a wave height measuring device in the wave generation area. The first wave measurement module 130 is connected to the partitioning module 120 and is used to generate waves under various working conditions in the wave generation area and measure the initial wave parameters according to the wave height measurement device. The second wave measurement module 140 is connected to the partitioning module 120 and is used to install the breakwater model at a preset position in the wave generation area and measure the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed according to the wave height measurement device. Analysis module 150, connected to first wave measurement module 130 and second wave measurement module 140, is used to determine the transmission coefficient under various working conditions based on the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed.

[0049] The breakwater stress analysis system based on large wave flume provided in this embodiment performs the breakwater stress analysis method based on large wave flume described in any of the above embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of any of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for stress analysis of breakwaters based on large wave flumes, characterized in that, include: S1. Determine the size of the wave tank based on the actual wave parameters; Specifically, the wave tank is configured as a large wave tank with a length of 90 meters, a width of 3 meters, and a height of 1.8 meters; S2. Set the wave tank as a wave generation area and a wave dissipation area, and install a wave height measuring device in the wave generation area; S3. In the wave generation area, generate waves under various working conditions, and measure the initial wave parameters according to the wave height measuring device; S4. Install the breakwater model at a preset position in the wave generation area, and measure the wave parameters after installing the breakwater model according to the wave height measuring device. S5. Determine the transmission coefficient under various working conditions based on the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after installing the breakwater model.

2. The method for stress analysis of breakwaters based on large wave flumes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the wave tank is configured as a wave generation area and a wave attenuation area, including: A straight wall is installed in the wave tank to divide the wave tank into a wave generation area and a wave dissipation area; wherein the thickness of the straight wall is 15 cm.

3. The method for stress analysis of breakwaters based on large wave flumes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, waves under various operating conditions are generated in the wave generation area, including: A hydraulic servo irregular wave generator and its control system are arranged in the wave generation area. The preset parameters are input into the control system so that the irregular wave generator outputs waves under various operating conditions; the various operating conditions include different water level conditions and different return period wave conditions.

4. The method for stress analysis of breakwater based on large wave flume according to claim 3, characterized in that, The waves include irregular waves, and after generating waves under various operating conditions, they also include: The irregular wave was simulated using the improved JONSWAP spectrum by Goda, thus reproducing the energy distribution characteristics of real ocean waves; The irregular waves output by the wave generator are adjusted based on the energy distribution characteristics of the actual ocean waves.

5. The method for stress analysis of breakwater based on large wave flume according to claim 4, characterized in that, The irregular wave was simulated using the improved JONSWAP spectrum by Goda, including: For each wave element, multiple independent random seeds are selected to generate corresponding irregular wave trains based on the improved JONSWAP spectrum of Heda; among them, the wave elements include significant wave height, spectral peak frequency and total energy of the wave energy spectrum; The wave elements in the irregular wave train are measured using the wave height measuring device. If the wave train of a certain seed does not meet the preset deviation requirement, adjust the wave generator parameters and regenerate the wave train until the preset deviation requirement is met.

6. The method for stress analysis of breakwaters based on large wave flumes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the transmission coefficient under various working conditions is determined based on the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed, including: Calculate the ratio of the initial wave parameters to the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed, based on the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed. The ratio is used as the transmission coefficient.

7. The method for stress analysis of breakwaters based on large wave flumes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In addition to installing wave height measuring devices in the wave generation area, the following are also included: Install pressure measuring devices in the wave generation area; Wave pressure data at different parts of the breakwater are measured using a pressure measuring device. The wave pressure data includes wave pressure data corresponding to wave force on the outer and inner wave-facing surfaces of the breakwater, as well as wave pressure data corresponding to buoyancy force on the top plate and lower crossbeam of the breakwater. Based on the measured wave pressure data, the stress distribution pattern of different parts of the breakwater under wave conditions with different water levels and different return periods was analyzed.

8. A breakwater stress analysis system based on a large wave flume, characterized in that, The system is used to perform the breakwater stress analysis method based on a large wave flume as described in any one of claims 1-7, and the system comprises: The size determination module is used to determine the size of the wave tank based on the actual wave parameters. A partitioning module, connected to the size determination module, is used to set the wave tank as a wave generation area and a wave dissipation area, and to install a wave height measuring device in the wave generation area. The first wave measurement module is connected to the partitioning module and is used to generate waves under various working conditions in the wave generation area, and to measure the initial wave parameters according to the wave height measurement device. The second wave measurement module, connected to the partitioning module, is used to install the breakwater model at a preset position in the wave generation area and measure the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed according to the wave height measurement device. The analysis module, connected to the first wave measurement module and the second wave measurement module, is used to determine the transmission coefficient under various working conditions based on the initial wave parameters and the wave parameters after the breakwater model is installed.

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