A method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of pulse-modulated signals

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of signal measurement technology, specifically disclosing a method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of pulse-modulated signals. The method involves parallel acquisition of pulse-modulated signals to extract amplitude envelope data and instantaneous phase data; numerical analysis of the instantaneous phase data to obtain the carrier frequency deviation, which is then compared with a preset frequency point set to generate a carrier frequency matching flag; detection of the pulse rising edge arrival time based on the amplitude envelope data, combined with the carrier frequency matching flag, to output a frequency-selective trigger signal; dynamic adjustment of the center frequency and gating window of the frequency domain measurement based on this trigger signal, and acquisition of frequency domain spectral data; and time-series correlation of the carrier frequency value, time domain envelope parameters, and frequency domain spectral data to construct a multi-dimensional correlation data chain. This invention achieves precise screening and measurement of specific frequency points in a frequency-hopping pulse sequence, solving the problems of gating mismatch and time-frequency correlation breakage in frequency-agile scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of signal measurement technology, and specifically to a method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of pulse-modulated signals. Background Technology

[0002] Pulse-modulated signals are widely used in radar, communications, electronic warfare, and other fields. Their power parameters and spectral characteristics are key indicators for evaluating transmitter performance, identifying signal types, and verifying system performance. In existing technologies, the measurement of pulse-modulated signals typically employs a combined approach using a broadband oscilloscope and a spectrum analyzer. An external trigger signal is used to synchronize time-domain and frequency-domain measurements, thereby obtaining the pulse's time-domain envelope parameters and frequency-domain spectral characteristics.

[0003] In frequency-agile radar or frequency-hopping communication scenarios, the carrier frequency of the pulse signal changes rapidly within each pulse period. Existing measurement techniques can only achieve time-domain triggering synchronization based on pulse amplitude thresholds, and cannot introduce frequency-dimensional discrimination conditions in the triggering stage. This causes frequency mismatch in the gating window of the spectrum analyzer because it cannot dynamically track the changing carrier frequency. At the same time, the pulse envelope captured in the time domain and the spectrum measured in the frequency domain cannot establish an accurate correspondence due to the lack of a joint frequency-time identifier. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve accurate screening and measurement of pulses at specific frequency points in the frequency-hopping sequence and to verify the synchronization relationship between the frequency switching time and the pulse envelope. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of pulse-modulated signals to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of pulse-modulated signals includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: The received pulse modulation signal is acquired in parallel, and the amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase of the pulse are extracted respectively to obtain amplitude envelope data and instantaneous phase data;

[0008] S2: Perform numerical analysis on the instantaneous phase data to obtain the carrier frequency deviation of the current pulse, compare the carrier frequency deviation with the preset frequency point set, and generate a carrier frequency matching flag bit;

[0009] S3: Detect the arrival time of the rising edge of the pulse based on the amplitude envelope data, and make a joint decision with the rising edge arrival time and the carrier frequency matching flag. When both conditions are met, output a frequency selective trigger signal.

[0010] S4: Dynamically adjust the center frequency and gate window of the frequency domain measurement according to the frequency selective trigger signal, so that the gate window is aligned with the rising edge of the pulse in the time dimension and matched with the actual carrier frequency of the current pulse in the frequency dimension, and acquire frequency domain spectrum data;

[0011] S5: Perform time-series correlation on the carrier frequency value, amplitude envelope data parsed from the frequency-selective trigger signal, time-domain envelope parameters, and frequency-domain spectrum data to construct a multi-dimensional correlation data chain containing pulse number, carrier frequency value, time-domain envelope parameters, and frequency-domain spectrum features.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: S1 specifically includes:

[0013] The received pulse modulation signal is subjected to quadrature mixing to obtain in-phase and quadrature components;

[0014] Envelope detection is performed on the in-phase component to obtain amplitude envelope data;

[0015] The instantaneous phase data is obtained by performing arctangent calculations on the in-phase and quadrature components.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: S2 specifically includes:

[0017] The instantaneous phase data is processed to achieve phase continuity, resulting in a continuous phase sequence.

[0018] A sliding window difference operation is performed on a continuous phase sequence to obtain an instantaneous frequency sequence;

[0019] The carrier frequency deviation is obtained by performing a difference calculation between the instantaneous frequency sequence and the preset reference frequency.

[0020] The carrier frequency deviation is compared one by one with the allowable deviation threshold of each frequency point in the preset frequency point set. If it falls within the threshold range of any frequency point, a carrier frequency matching flag bit corresponding to the corresponding frequency point is generated.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention: the step of performing phase continuity processing on the instantaneous phase data to obtain a continuous phase sequence specifically includes:

[0022] Instantaneous phase data are read sequentially in chronological order, and the phase difference is calculated for the phase values ​​at two adjacent moments to obtain the phase difference.

[0023] Determine whether the absolute value of the phase difference exceeds a preset threshold. If it exceeds the preset threshold, determine that there is a phase jump in the current phase value and calculate the compensation value based on the sign of the phase difference.

[0024] The compensation value is added to all phase values ​​after the current time to obtain a continuous phase sequence that eliminates transitions.

[0025] As a further aspect of the present invention: S3 specifically includes:

[0026] Gradient calculation is performed on the amplitude envelope data, and the moment when the gradient value changes from negative to positive and exceeds a preset threshold is extracted to obtain the rising edge arrival time;

[0027] Align the arrival time of the rising edge with the time corresponding to the carrier frequency matching flag bit to determine whether the two are within the same preset time window.

[0028] A frequency-selective trigger signal is generated when the arrival time of the rising edge and the carrier frequency matching flag are both satisfied within the same time window.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention: the gradient calculation of the amplitude envelope data further includes:

[0030] The amplitude envelope data is smoothed by a five-point weighted average in chronological order to obtain a smoothed envelope sequence.

[0031] The gradient sequence is obtained by performing a difference operation on two adjacent data points in the smooth envelope sequence.

[0032] The gradient sequence is sign-determined, and the starting position of the gradient with three or more consecutive positive gradient values ​​and the first positive value exceeding a preset threshold is extracted. The time point corresponding to the starting position is taken as the arrival time of the rising edge.

[0033] As a further aspect of the present invention: S4 specifically includes:

[0034] The frequency-selective trigger signal is pulse-spread to generate a gated window that matches the pulse width;

[0035] The carrier frequency value corresponding to the frequency-selective trigger signal is used as the center frequency of the frequency domain measurement to lock the local oscillation frequency.

[0036] During the effective period of the gated window, frequency domain data is acquired at the locked local oscillation frequency to obtain frequency domain spectrum data.

[0037] As a further aspect of the present invention: the pulse spreading processing of the frequency-selective trigger signal specifically includes:

[0038] A frequency-selective trigger signal is input to the edge detection unit to extract the rising edge of the trigger signal; a timer is started to perform real-time timing starting from the rising edge, and the amplitude envelope data is input to the width comparator at the same time;

[0039] When the amplitude envelope data drops to a preset threshold, the width comparator outputs a stop signal to stop the timer and record the pulse width value.

[0040] Generate a gated window of the corresponding width based on the pulse width value, aligning the start edge of the gated window with the rising edge and the end edge with the moment when the amplitude envelope data drops to a preset threshold.

[0041] S5 specifically includes:

[0042] Use the frequency-selective trigger signal as a time base and record the absolute timestamp corresponding to each trigger.

[0043] The temporal envelope parameters obtained from the amplitude envelope data parsing are matched with the absolute timestamp on the time axis, and the temporal envelope parameter with the smallest deviation from the absolute timestamp is extracted as the associated temporal parameter of the current pulse.

[0044] The frequency domain spectrum data is matched with the absolute timestamp on the time axis, and the frequency domain spectrum data with the smallest deviation from the absolute timestamp is extracted as the associated frequency domain data of the current pulse.

[0045] The absolute timestamps are converted into incremental pulse numbers according to the order of triggering. The pulse numbers are then bound to the carrier frequency value, associated time-domain parameters, and spectral features in the associated frequency-domain data to generate a multidimensional associated data chain.

[0046] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0047] (1) By constructing a frequency selective triggering mechanism, the pulse rising edge detection and the carrier frequency matching flag are jointly judged, which realizes the precise selection and triggering of frequency points in the frequency hopping pulse sequence. This effectively solves the gate mismatch problem caused by the fixed center frequency in traditional gated scanning in the frequency agile scenario, and ensures that time domain acquisition and frequency domain measurement are always aligned with the same pulse.

[0048] (2) By establishing a multidimensional associated data chain containing pulse number, carrier frequency value, time domain envelope parameter and frequency domain spectrum characteristics, the precise time-series binding and joint analysis of time domain and frequency domain measurement results are realized, providing a complete data foundation for frequency hopping rate measurement, frequency switching time verification and frequency hopping pulse quality assessment. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the pulse spread processing of the frequency-selective trigger signal in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention is a method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of pulse-modulated signals, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1: The received pulse modulation signal is acquired in parallel, and the amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase of the pulse are extracted respectively to obtain amplitude envelope data and instantaneous phase data;

[0055] S2: Perform numerical analysis on the instantaneous phase data to obtain the carrier frequency deviation of the current pulse, compare the carrier frequency deviation with the preset frequency point set, and generate a carrier frequency matching flag bit;

[0056] S3: Detect the arrival time of the rising edge of the pulse based on the amplitude envelope data, and make a joint decision with the rising edge arrival time and the carrier frequency matching flag. When both conditions are met, output a frequency selective trigger signal.

[0057] S4: Dynamically adjust the center frequency and gate window of the frequency domain measurement according to the frequency selective trigger signal, so that the gate window is aligned with the rising edge of the pulse in the time dimension and matched with the actual carrier frequency of the current pulse in the frequency dimension, and acquire frequency domain spectrum data;

[0058] S5: Perform time-series correlation on the carrier frequency value, amplitude envelope data parsed from the frequency-selective trigger signal, time-domain envelope parameters, and frequency-domain spectrum data to construct a multi-dimensional correlation data chain containing pulse number, carrier frequency value, time-domain envelope parameters, and frequency-domain spectrum features.

[0059] In S1, the received pulse modulation signal is acquired in parallel, and the amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase of the pulse are extracted respectively to obtain amplitude envelope data and instantaneous phase data, specifically including:

[0060] First, the pulse modulation signal is extracted from the output of the transmitter under test through a directional coupler. The signal is then input to the analog-to-digital conversion unit for digital acquisition at a sampling rate of more than 2 gigabits per second, resulting in a digitized pulse modulation signal sequence.

[0061] The digitized pulse modulation signal sequence is simultaneously input to two parallel processing channels. In the first channel, the digitized pulse modulation signal sequence is multiplied by a locally generated first local oscillator signal sequence, the frequency of which is the same as the nominal carrier frequency of the measured pulse modulation signal. Simultaneously, in the second channel, the digitized pulse modulation signal sequence is multiplied by a locally generated second local oscillator signal sequence, the frequency of which is the same as the first local oscillator signal sequence, but with a 90-degree phase lag. These multiplication operations yield in-phase and quadrature component sequences, respectively.

[0062] The envelope detection processing of the in-phase component sequence is specifically performed as follows: the absolute value of each data point in the in-phase component sequence is taken, and the sequence after taking the absolute value is input to a low-pass filter. The cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter is set to twice the maximum repetition frequency of the pulse modulation signal. After filtering out the high-frequency carrier component, the amplitude envelope data is output.

[0063] The arctangent operation is performed on the in-phase component sequence and the quadrature component sequence, specifically: each data point in the quadrature component sequence is divided by the corresponding data point in the in-phase component sequence to obtain a quotient sequence; the arctangent operation is performed on each quotient in the quotient sequence to obtain an initial phase sequence; when both the data points in the in-phase component sequence and the quadrature component sequence are positive, the arctangent result is taken as the phase value; when the data points in the in-phase component sequence are negative, 180 degrees are added to the arctangent result as the phase value; when both the data points in the in-phase component sequence and the quadrature component sequence are positive, 360 degrees are added to the arctangent result as the phase value; thus, instantaneous phase data is obtained, and the value range of the instantaneous phase data is from 0 degrees to 360 degrees.

[0064] In S2, the instantaneous phase data is numerically analyzed to obtain the carrier frequency deviation of the current pulse. The carrier frequency deviation is compared with a preset frequency point set to generate a carrier frequency matching flag, specifically including:

[0065] First, the instantaneous phase data obtained in step S1 is processed to achieve phase continuity. The instantaneous phase data is read sequentially in chronological order. For each data point read, the phase value of that data point is subtracted from the phase value of the previous data point to obtain the phase difference. A transition detection threshold of 180 degrees is preset. The absolute value of the phase difference is checked to see if it exceeds 180 degrees. If it does not exceed 180 degrees, the current phase value remains unchanged; if it does, a phase transition is determined. When a phase transition occurs, the sign of the phase difference is further determined. If the phase difference is positive, -360 degrees is used as a compensation value; if the phase difference is negative, +360 degrees is used as a compensation value. The compensation value is added to all phase values ​​after the current moment to restore the transitioned phase value to a continuous state. After traversing all instantaneous phase data, a continuous phase sequence is obtained, in which the absolute value of the phase difference between adjacent data points is no greater than 180 degrees.

[0066] Next, a sliding window differential operation is performed on the continuous phase sequence. The width of the differential window is set to two consecutive data points. Two adjacent consecutive phase values ​​are taken sequentially according to time order. The phase value of the subsequent data point is subtracted from the phase value of the preceding data point to obtain the phase increment. This phase increment is divided by the time interval between two adjacent data points to obtain the instantaneous frequency value within that time interval. After traversing the entire continuous phase sequence, the instantaneous frequency sequence is obtained.

[0067] Next, the instantaneous frequency sequence is compared with a preset reference frequency. The preset reference frequency is the nominal carrier frequency of the pulse modulation signal under test. Subtracting the preset reference frequency from each instantaneous frequency value in the instantaneous frequency sequence yields a carrier frequency deviation sequence. Each value in the carrier frequency deviation sequence represents the offset of the actual carrier frequency relative to the nominal carrier frequency at the corresponding moment.

[0068] Finally, a preset frequency set is established, containing multiple frequency values, each corresponding to a frequency hopping frequency in the frequency hopping sequence. An allowable deviation threshold of 1 MHz is set for each frequency in the set. Each carrier frequency deviation in the carrier frequency deviation sequence is added to a preset reference frequency to recover the actual carrier frequency value. This actual carrier frequency value is then compared one by one with each frequency in the set, and the absolute difference between the actual carrier frequency value and the frequency value is calculated. It is determined whether this absolute difference is less than or equal to the allowable deviation threshold corresponding to that frequency. If the absolute difference between the actual carrier frequency value and any frequency value in the set is less than or equal to the allowable deviation threshold, the carrier frequency of the current pulse is determined to match that frequency, and a carrier frequency matching flag is generated for that frequency. If the absolute difference between the actual carrier frequency value and all frequency values ​​in the set is greater than the corresponding allowable deviation threshold, no carrier frequency matching flag is generated.

[0069] In S3, the arrival time of the rising edge of the pulse is detected based on the amplitude envelope data. The arrival time of the rising edge is then combined with the carrier frequency matching flag for a joint decision. When both conditions are met simultaneously, a frequency-selective trigger signal is output, specifically including:

[0070] First, gradient calculation is performed on the amplitude envelope data obtained in step S1 to extract the arrival time of the pulse rising edge. The amplitude envelope data is arranged in chronological order and subjected to five-point weighted smoothing. Specifically, five consecutive amplitude envelope data points are taken and assigned weight values, where the weight of the first data point is 1, the weight of the second data point is 2, the weight of the third data point is 3, the weight of the fourth data point is 2, and the weight of the fifth data point is 1. These five data points are multiplied by their corresponding weights and summed. The sum is then divided by 9 to obtain the smoothed envelope value corresponding to the center position of the five data points. The five-point window is slid in chronological order to traverse all amplitude envelope data, resulting in a smoothed envelope sequence.

[0071] The difference operation is performed on two adjacent data points in the smooth envelope sequence. Specifically, the gradient value is obtained by subtracting the previous smooth envelope value from the subsequent smooth envelope value. After traversing all adjacent points, a gradient sequence is obtained. The gradient sequence is then subjected to sign determination. The sign of each gradient value is determined one by one. When three or more consecutive gradient values ​​are positive, it is further determined whether the first positive value in the consecutive positive value sequence exceeds a preset gradient threshold. The gradient threshold is set to 5% of the maximum value of the smooth envelope sequence. If three or more consecutive gradient values ​​are positive and the first positive value exceeds the gradient threshold, the time point corresponding to the first positive value is determined as the arrival time of the pulse rising edge.

[0072] Next, the arrival time of the rising edge is aligned with the carrier frequency matching flag generated in step S2 using a time window. A preset time window is established, with its width being half the nominal pulse width of the measured pulse signal. A time window is formed by extending half the width of the time window to each side of the time axis, centered on the arrival time of the rising edge. It is then determined whether the time corresponding to the carrier frequency matching flag falls within this time window.

[0073] Finally, when the arrival time of the rising edge and the time corresponding to the carrier frequency matching flag are within the same time window, i.e., both conditions are met simultaneously, a frequency-selective trigger signal is output; when the arrival time of the rising edge and the time corresponding to the carrier frequency matching flag are not within the same time window, no frequency-selective trigger signal is output. The pulse width of the frequency-selective trigger signal is a fixed value of 10 nanoseconds, and its rising edge is aligned with the arrival time of the rising edge.

[0074] Please see Figure 2 As shown, in S4, the center frequency and gate window of the frequency domain measurement are dynamically adjusted according to the frequency-selective trigger signal, so that the gate window is aligned with the rising edge of the pulse in the time dimension and matched with the actual carrier frequency of the current pulse in the frequency dimension, thereby acquiring frequency domain spectrum data, specifically including:

[0075] First, the frequency-selective trigger signal output from step S3 is subjected to pulse expansion processing to generate a gated window matching the pulse width. The frequency-selective trigger signal is then input to an edge detection unit. This unit extracts the rising edge of the trigger signal by comparing the signal level at the current moment with the signal level at the previous moment. When a signal level transitions from low to high, this moment is recorded as the rising edge moment. Starting from this rising edge moment, a timer is started to count in real time, accumulating in 1-nanosecond increments. Simultaneously, the amplitude envelope data obtained in step S1 is input to a width comparator. The width comparator continuously monitors the changes in the amplitude envelope data value, setting a preset amplitude drop threshold, which is 10% of the maximum amplitude envelope data value. When the width comparator detects that the amplitude envelope data drops from its peak value to below the amplitude drop threshold, it outputs a stop signal. Upon receiving the stop signal, the timer stops counting and records the time elapsed from the rising edge start point to the stop moment; this time length is the pulse width value. A gated window is generated based on the pulse width value. The starting edge of the gated window is aligned with the rising edge time, and the ending edge is aligned with the stopping time, so that the gated window completely covers the top flat area of ​​the pulse in the time dimension.

[0076] Next, the carrier frequency value corresponding to the frequency-selective trigger signal in step S3 is obtained. This carrier frequency value originates from the actual carrier frequency value bound to the carrier frequency matching flag in step S2. This carrier frequency value is used as the center frequency of the frequency domain measurement, and the local oscillator frequency is locked through a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit to ensure consistency between the local oscillator frequency and the center frequency. The PLL circuit operates as follows: the frequency output by the local oscillator and the center frequency are input to a phase detector. The phase detector outputs the phase error between the two. This phase error is filtered by a low-pass filter and then controls the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator until the phase error approaches zero. At this point, the local oscillator frequency is locked to the center frequency.

[0077] Finally, during the effective period of the gated window, frequency domain data is acquired at the locked local oscillator frequency. The specific acquisition process is as follows: the received pulse modulation signal is mixed with the local oscillator signal to obtain an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. This IF signal is then filtered by an anti-aliasing filter and input to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) unit for digital acquisition at a sampling rate of at least 2 gigabits per second to obtain frequency domain spectrum data. The frequency domain spectrum data contains the amplitude distribution information of the current pulse in the frequency domain.

[0078] In the pulse spread processing, the pulse width value recorded by the timer is determined according to the following calculation formula:

[0079] ;

[0080] in, This represents the pulse width value, in nanoseconds. This represents the number of timing units accumulated from the rising edge of the timer to the stopping moment, and is dimensionless. This represents the time unit of the timer, with a value of 1 nanosecond.

[0081] The amplitude drop threshold is determined using the following method: the maximum value of the amplitude envelope data obtained in step S1 is multiplied by 0.1 to obtain the amplitude drop threshold, which is used to determine the pulse end position. Specifically, let the maximum value of the amplitude envelope data be... The amplitude decrease threshold satisfy:

[0082] ;

[0083] in, Indicates the threshold for magnitude decrease. This represents the maximum value of the amplitude envelope data, with both values ​​in millivolts. This calculation method ensures that the pulse ends when the peak power drops to 10% at the top, thus accurately determining the pulse width.

[0084] In S5, the carrier frequency value corresponding to the frequency-selective trigger signal, the time-domain envelope parameter obtained from the amplitude envelope data parsing, and the frequency-domain spectrum data are time-series correlated to construct a multi-dimensional correlated data chain containing pulse number, carrier frequency value, time-domain envelope parameter, and frequency-domain spectrum features. Specifically, this includes:

[0085] First, the frequency-selective trigger signal output in step S3 is used as the time base, and the absolute timestamp corresponding to each trigger is recorded. Specifically, when the test system starts, a continuous absolute time reference sequence is generated using a high-precision clock source with a timing accuracy of 1 nanosecond. When the rising edge of the frequency-selective trigger signal is output in step S3, the absolute time reference value at the current moment is read, and this value is recorded as the absolute timestamp corresponding to that trigger.

[0086] Next, the time-domain envelope parameters obtained from parsing the amplitude envelope data obtained in step S1 are matched with the absolute timestamp on the time axis. The time-domain envelope parameters include peak power, average power, pulse width, rise time, fall time, and peak drop, with each time-domain envelope parameter corresponding to a measurement time. All measurement times corresponding to the time-domain envelope parameters are traversed in chronological order, and the absolute difference between each measurement time and the absolute timestamp is calculated one by one. The time-domain envelope parameter corresponding to the measurement time with the smallest absolute difference is taken as the associated time-domain parameter of the current pulse. If multiple measurement times have the same absolute difference from the absolute timestamp and are all minimum values, the time-domain envelope parameter corresponding to the earliest occurring measurement time is taken as the associated time-domain parameter.

[0087] Next, the frequency domain spectrum data obtained in step S4 is matched with the absolute timestamp on the time axis. The frequency domain spectrum data contains the distribution information of amplitude variation with frequency, and each frequency domain spectrum data corresponds to an acquisition time. All acquisition times corresponding to the frequency domain spectrum data are traversed in chronological order, and the absolute difference between each acquisition time and the absolute timestamp is calculated one by one. The frequency domain spectrum data corresponding to the acquisition time with the smallest absolute difference is taken as the associated frequency domain data of the current pulse. If multiple acquisition times have the same absolute difference with the absolute timestamp and are all the minimum value, the frequency domain spectrum data corresponding to the earliest acquisition time is taken as the associated frequency domain data.

[0088] Finally, the absolute timestamps are converted into incremental pulse numbers according to the order of triggering. The conversion method is as follows: the absolute timestamp corresponding to the first trigger is assigned pulse number 1, the absolute timestamp corresponding to the second trigger is assigned pulse number 2, and so on, with each subsequent trigger incrementing sequentially. The pulse numbers are then bound to the carrier frequency value obtained in step S2, the associated time-domain parameters, and the spectral features in the associated frequency-domain data. The spectral features include center frequency, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power ratio, harmonic suppression value, and spurious suppression value. These spectral features are extracted through numerical analysis of the associated frequency-domain data. The bound data is stored in the form of a record table. Each record contains pulse number, carrier frequency value, peak power, average power, pulse width, rise time, fall time, peak drop, center frequency, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power ratio, harmonic suppression value, and spurious suppression value, forming a multi-dimensional associated data chain. Each pulse number in this data chain uniquely corresponds to a complete set of time-domain envelope parameters and frequency-domain spectral features.

[0089] The working principle of this invention is as follows: First, the received pulse modulation signal is acquired in parallel. In-phase and quadrature components are extracted through orthogonal mixing. Amplitude envelope data is obtained through envelope detection. Instantaneous phase data ranging from 0 to 360 degrees is obtained through arctangent operation and phase interval discrimination. Then, the instantaneous phase data undergoes phase continuity processing. Phase folding is eliminated through phase jump discrimination and compensation. An instantaneous frequency sequence is obtained through sliding window differential operation. The carrier frequency deviation is obtained after difference calculation with a preset reference frequency. This deviation is compared with a preset frequency point set to generate a carrier frequency matching flag. Next, the amplitude envelope data undergoes five-point weighted smoothing to obtain a smoothed envelope sequence. Gradient operation extracts the starting position of three or more consecutive positive values, with the first positive value exceeding the gradient threshold, as the pulse rising edge arrival time. This time is combined with the carrier frequency matching flag for time window alignment and joint decision-making. When both are within the same time window, frequency-selective output is triggered. The system sends a signal; then, based on the frequency-selective trigger signal, it performs pulse expansion processing, starts a timer with the rising edge of the signal, and stops timing when the amplitude envelope data drops to 10% of the peak power. The pulse width value is recorded and a matching gating window is generated. Simultaneously, the carrier frequency value corresponding to the trigger signal is used as the center frequency to lock the local oscillation frequency through a phase-locked loop. During the effective period of the gating window, frequency domain data is acquired at the locked frequency to obtain frequency domain spectrum data. Finally, the frequency-selective trigger signal is used as a time reference to record an absolute timestamp. The timestamp is matched with the time domain envelope parameters and frequency domain spectrum data obtained from the amplitude envelope data parsing using a minimum deviation time axis, and the associated time domain parameters and associated frequency domain data are extracted. The absolute timestamp is converted into an incremental pulse sequence number according to the trigger order and bound to the carrier frequency value, associated time domain parameters, and spectral features in the associated frequency domain data to construct a multi-dimensional associated data chain containing pulse sequence number, carrier frequency value, time domain envelope parameters, and frequency domain spectrum features.

[0090] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of pulse-modulated signals, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The received pulse modulation signal is acquired in parallel, and the amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase of the pulse are extracted respectively to obtain amplitude envelope data and instantaneous phase data; S2: Perform numerical analysis on the instantaneous phase data to obtain the carrier frequency deviation of the current pulse, compare the carrier frequency deviation with the preset frequency point set, and generate a carrier frequency matching flag bit; S3: Detect the arrival time of the rising edge of the pulse based on the amplitude envelope data, and make a joint decision with the rising edge arrival time and the carrier frequency matching flag. When the rising edge arrival time and the carrier frequency matching flag are satisfied simultaneously within the same time window, output a frequency selective trigger signal. S4: Dynamically adjust the center frequency and gate window of the frequency domain measurement according to the frequency selective trigger signal, so that the gate window is aligned with the rising edge of the pulse in the time dimension and matched with the actual carrier frequency of the current pulse in the frequency dimension, and acquire frequency domain spectrum data; S5: Perform time-series correlation on the carrier frequency value, amplitude envelope data parsed from the frequency-selective trigger signal, time-domain envelope parameters, and frequency-domain spectrum data to construct a multi-dimensional correlation data chain containing pulse number, carrier frequency value, time-domain envelope parameters, and frequency-domain spectrum features.

2. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 specifically includes: The received pulse modulation signal is subjected to quadrature mixing to obtain in-phase and quadrature components; Envelope detection is performed on the in-phase component to obtain amplitude envelope data; The instantaneous phase data is obtained by performing arctangent calculations on the in-phase and quadrature components.

3. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes: The instantaneous phase data is processed to achieve phase continuity, resulting in a continuous phase sequence. A sliding window difference operation is performed on a continuous phase sequence to obtain an instantaneous frequency sequence; The carrier frequency deviation is obtained by performing a difference calculation between the instantaneous frequency sequence and the preset reference frequency. The carrier frequency deviation is compared one by one with the allowable deviation threshold of each frequency point in the preset frequency point set. If it falls within the threshold range of any frequency point, a carrier frequency matching flag bit corresponding to the corresponding frequency point is generated.

4. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing phase continuity processing on the instantaneous phase data to obtain a continuous phase sequence specifically includes: Instantaneous phase data are read sequentially in chronological order, and the phase difference is calculated for the phase values ​​at two adjacent moments to obtain the phase difference. Determine whether the absolute value of the phase difference exceeds a preset threshold. If it exceeds the preset threshold, determine that there is a phase jump in the current phase value and calculate the compensation value based on the sign of the phase difference. The compensation value is added to all phase values ​​after the current time to obtain a continuous phase sequence that eliminates transitions.

5. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes: Gradient calculation is performed on the amplitude envelope data, and the moment when the gradient value changes from negative to positive and exceeds a preset threshold is extracted to obtain the rising edge arrival time; Align the arrival time of the rising edge with the time corresponding to the carrier frequency matching flag bit to determine whether the two are within the same preset time window. A frequency-selective trigger signal is generated when the arrival time of the rising edge and the carrier frequency matching flag are both satisfied within the same time window.

6. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gradient operation on the amplitude envelope data further includes: The amplitude envelope data is smoothed by a five-point weighted average in chronological order to obtain a smoothed envelope sequence. The gradient sequence is obtained by performing a difference operation on two adjacent data points in the smooth envelope sequence. The gradient sequence is sign-determined, and the starting position of the gradient with three or more consecutive positive gradient values ​​and the first positive value exceeding a preset threshold is extracted. The time point corresponding to the starting position is taken as the arrival time of the rising edge.

7. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 specifically includes: The frequency-selective trigger signal is pulse-spread to generate a gated window that matches the pulse width; The carrier frequency value corresponding to the frequency-selective trigger signal is used as the center frequency of the frequency domain measurement to lock the local oscillation frequency. During the effective period of the gated window, frequency domain data is acquired at the locked local oscillation frequency to obtain frequency domain spectrum data.

8. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pulse spreading process for the frequency-selective trigger signal specifically includes: A frequency-selective trigger signal is input to the edge detection unit to extract the rising edge of the trigger signal; a timer is started to perform real-time timing starting from the rising edge, and the amplitude envelope data is input to the width comparator at the same time; When the amplitude envelope data drops to a preset threshold, the width comparator outputs a stop signal to stop the timer and record the pulse width value. Generate a gated window of the corresponding width based on the pulse width value, aligning the start edge of the gated window with the rising edge and the end edge with the moment when the amplitude envelope data drops to a preset threshold.

9. The method for measuring the power and spectral characteristics of a pulse-modulated signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 specifically includes: Use the frequency-selective trigger signal as a time base and record the absolute timestamp corresponding to each trigger. The temporal envelope parameters obtained from the amplitude envelope data parsing are matched with the absolute timestamp on the time axis, and the temporal envelope parameter with the smallest deviation from the absolute timestamp is extracted as the associated temporal parameter of the current pulse. The frequency domain spectrum data is matched with the absolute timestamp on the time axis, and the frequency domain spectrum data with the smallest deviation from the absolute timestamp is extracted as the associated frequency domain data of the current pulse. The absolute timestamps are converted into incremental pulse numbers according to the order of triggering. The pulse numbers are then bound to the carrier frequency value, associated time-domain parameters, and spectral features in the associated frequency-domain data to generate a multidimensional associated data chain.

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