Cascade reservoir joint compensation scheduling method considering flood source and reservoir capacity level

Abstract

The invention discloses a cascade reservoir joint compensation scheduling method considering flood sources and reservoir capacity levels, and belongs to the field of reservoir joint flood control scheduling. In order to solve the problems that a traditional scheduling strategy is poor in adaptability and a reservoir impounding role is fuzzy, the method is implemented through the following steps that the range of cascade reservoirs included in scheduling is determined, and engineering characteristic data such as flood control water levels and flood control high water levels are collected; calculating the amount of flood needing to be retained and stored based on the flood forecasting process of the downstream flood control point; a control reservoir and a matching reservoir are divided according to the hydraulic topological relation, the impounding capacity is distributed by combining the flood volume proportion of each reservoir and the remaining flood control reservoir capacity proportion, full-reservoir impounding distribution is completed through secondary distribution and recursion, the dispatching effect is checked, and the flow regulation and control factors are dynamically adjusted. The method is simple, practical, reasonable, reliable and capable of quickly adapting to different water regimes and work conditions, accurately positioning the reservoir retaining role, improving the overall flood retaining benefit of the cascade reservoir group, conforming to actual dispatching characteristics, being easy to popularize and providing scientific support for real-time dispatching decision of a reservoir operation management department.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of joint flood control scheduling of reservoirs, and in particular to a method for joint compensation scheduling of cascade reservoirs that takes into account both flood source and reservoir capacity. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of reservoir flood control scheduling, especially in scenarios involving the joint flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs, how to efficiently leverage the water storage benefits of cascade reservoirs has always been a key and complex technical challenge. Traditional scheduling methods typically formulate universal joint water storage strategies based on the general patterns of historical typical floods. These methods mainly rely on data analysis of past flood events to determine the water storage capacity and discharge strategies of reservoirs under different flood scenarios. Their core architecture lies in using statistical and simulation methods to predict flood processes and formulate corresponding reservoir operation rules, aiming to effectively control downstream flow and ensure flood control safety in future flood events.

[0003] However, with the acceleration of climate change and urbanization, extreme flood events are becoming more frequent, exhibiting complex and variable characteristics in terms of inflow volume, frequency, and spatial distribution. Against this backdrop, traditional flood control scheduling methods based on historical data are gradually revealing their limitations. Specifically, due to significant differences in reservoir inflow among different types of floods, coupled with the dynamic changes in available flood control capacity over time, traditional methods often fail to accurately reflect real-time water conditions and engineering status, leading to poor actual results in scheduling decisions. For example, in some cases, water retention strategies formulated based on historical patterns may fail due to actual inflow volumes far exceeding expectations, failing to effectively control downstream flow and thus threatening flood control safety.

[0004] Especially in the joint flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs, how to scientifically and rationally determine the roles of different reservoirs is a problem that traditional methods have not fully solved. For example, in a method for joint operation and scheduling of flood control limits of cascade reservoirs disclosed in CN102182159B, although the method attempts to uniformly schedule the flood control limits of upstream and downstream reservoirs during the flood season by establishing a forecast and pre-storage model of "aggregated reservoirs" and a model of the relationship between the upper and lower limits of the pre-storage capacity of upstream and downstream cascade reservoirs, in actual flood control scheduling scenarios, the inflow conditions, flood control capacity, and hydraulic topological relationships with downstream flood control control points of each reservoir are different. How to dynamically adjust the interception and storage strategies of each reservoir according to these real-time changing factors to maximize the overall flood control benefits remains a problem that this method has not fully solved.

[0005] Similarly, in the method and system for joint flood control optimization scheduling of a cascade reservoir group disclosed in CN102817335B, although the method dynamically judges the flood level and realizes hierarchical scheduling based on this, and selects the optimization scheduling target based on comprehensive information such as the regulation performance of the reservoir, the current scheduling period, and the reliability of the forecast inflow during hierarchical scheduling, in the actual scheduling process, how to more accurately quantify the matching relationship between the flood regulation needs and the actual flood control capacity of each reservoir, and how to more scientifically classify the role of each reservoir in the cascade system, are still aspects that need further improvement of the method.

[0006] Specifically, existing technologies have the following shortcomings in the field of reservoir flood control scheduling: 1. Insufficient data support: Some schemes did not fully collect core engineering characteristic data such as reservoir flood control limit water level, flood control high water level and water level-reservoir capacity curve, resulting in insufficient basic data support for scheduling.

[0007] 2. Limitations of calculation methods: There is a lack of unified and scientific quantitative formulas for calculating the amount of floodwater that needs to be stored, and subjective estimations have large errors; the time step is set in a fixed way, which cannot be adapted to different flood forecast accuracies and duration requirements.

[0008] 3. Ambiguous role division: Traditional methods lack a systematic consideration of the hydraulic topology of cascade reservoirs and fail to scientifically divide the impoundment role of each reservoir, resulting in ambiguous positioning of the control reservoir and the cooperating reservoir, and low efficiency of coordinated impoundment.

[0009] 4. Imbalance in allocation mechanism: The calculation of flood volume proportion ignores the flood propagation time, which is inconsistent with the actual water flow evolution law; the allocation of water storage is based on only a single factor and does not take into account the flood volume contribution and reservoir capacity potential, resulting in an imbalance in allocation.

[0010] 5. Lack of closed-loop adjustment: The lack of a multi-level interception and distribution mechanism makes it easy to overlook the flood control resources of upstream cooperating reservoirs; the lack of a closed-loop adjustment mechanism after scheduling makes it difficult to deal with situations where the initial scheduling fails to meet the standards, and it is impossible to ensure that the flow at the flood control control point remains stable within the safe threshold.

[0011] 6. Limited scope of application: Traditional methods are applicable to a limited range of scenarios and are difficult to adapt to the joint flood control scheduling needs of cascade reservoir groups of different sizes and topologies.

[0012] In summary, existing methods for joint flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs have significant shortcomings in terms of dynamic adaptability, scientific role allocation, rational allocation, scheduling reliability, and applicability. Therefore, developing a method that can dynamically adjust the interception and storage strategy based on real-time flood sources and remaining reservoir flood control capacity is of great significance for improving the scientific nature and effectiveness of reservoir flood control scheduling. This invention is proposed against this background, aiming to effectively solve the aforementioned technical problems and improve the accuracy and reliability of joint flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs by adopting a joint compensation scheduling method for cascade reservoirs that considers both flood sources and reservoir capacity levels. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a joint compensation scheduling method for cascade reservoirs that takes into account both flood source and reservoir capacity. This method addresses the technical difficulties of traditional scheduling strategies, which are based on historical typical floods and are difficult to adapt to different water conditions and dynamically changing available flood control capacity, as well as the ambiguous role of reservoirs in flood control. The invention enables the rapid and reasonable determination of flood control allocation strategies for cascade reservoirs, improves the overall flood control efficiency of the cascade reservoir group, and provides scientific support for real-time scheduling decisions by reservoir operation and management departments.

[0014] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A joint compensation and scheduling method for cascade reservoirs, taking into account both flood source and reservoir capacity, is proposed, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Determine the scheduling scope and collect engineering data Based on the flood control scheduling tasks of the upstream reservoir group at the flood control scheduling control point, the scope of cascade reservoirs to be included in the joint compensation scheduling is screened and determined, assuming the number of reservoirs involved is 1. The names of the reservoirs are as follows: Simultaneously collect engineering characteristic data of the cascade reservoir group, the core of which includes the flood control limit water level of each reservoir. High floodwater levels and water level and reservoir capacity curve This provides basic data support for subsequent scheduling calculations.

[0015] Step 2: Calculate the required flood volume to be impounded For downstream flood control dispatch and control points To obtain its forecast flood process If the forecast is in At any given moment, the flow rate at this control point will exceed its safe discharge capacity. The total flood volume that needs to be impounded is calculated using the following formula. : (1); In the formula, To calculate the time step, As a flow regulation factor, taking into account uncertainties such as hydrological forecasting errors and river channel evolution losses, it is generally set to 1.1; The total flood volume that needs to be contained is the core basis for subsequent flood volume allocation.

[0016] Step 3: Delineate the roles of reservoirs in water retention and storage According to the cascade reservoirs and flood control control points included in the joint dispatch The hydraulic topology is used to clarify the water storage role of each reservoir, and to link it with flood control and dispatching points. Reservoirs with direct hydraulic connections are defined as control reservoirs, responsible for the core task of intercepting and storing flood peaks and volumes. Reservoirs upstream of the control reservoir are defined as supporting reservoirs, assisting the control reservoir in completing its interception and storage task. For example, reservoirs A and B can be designated as control reservoirs, while reservoirs C, D, and E can be designated as supporting reservoirs.

[0017] Step 4: Control the initial water storage and distribution in the reservoir Step 4.1: Calculate the proportion of flood volume in the controlled reservoirs: Combine the data from each controlled reservoir with the flood control dispatch control points. The duration of flood propagation (e.g.) For reservoir To control point The time of spread For reservoir To control point The propagation time is used to calculate the flood volume and its proportion for each controlled reservoir during the retention period. Taking the controlled reservoirs as examples, the flood volume for each period is calculated using the following formulas: (2); (3); The corresponding flood volume percentage is: (4); (5); in, , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , Forecasting flood events.

[0018] Step 4.2: Calculate the proportion of remaining flood control capacity of the controlled reservoirs: Calculate the total remaining flood control capacity of each controlled reservoir and its upstream cooperating reservoirs, and calculate the proportion of total remaining flood control capacity corresponding to each controlled reservoir. Taking the controlled reservoirs as examples, their corresponding total remaining flood control capacities are as follows: (6); (7); The corresponding warehouse capacity ratio is: (8); (9); in, , , , , Reservoirs , , , , Available flood control capacity.

[0019] Step 4.3: Determine the initial water storage allocation ratio: Based on the above-mentioned flood volume ratio and reservoir capacity ratio, calculate the initial water storage allocation ratio for each controlled reservoir using the following formula: (10); (11); Complete the initial water storage and distribution of the controlled reservoir.

[0020] Step 5: Coordinate with the secondary impoundment and distribution of water in the reservoir. Using a designated control reservoir as a node, secondary impoundment and distribution are carried out on its upstream cooperating reservoirs: Determine whether there are any cooperating reservoirs with direct hydraulic connection upstream of the controlled reservoir; if so, clarify the scope of secondary allocation. Referring to step 4.1, and combining the flood processes of the control reservoir and the cooperating reservoir and the flood propagation time between them, calculate the flood volume ratio of the two; Referring to step 4.2, calculate the ratio of the remaining flood control capacity of the control reservoir and the supporting reservoir; Referring to step 4.3, and combining the above-mentioned flood volume ratio, reservoir capacity ratio, and initial interception and storage allocation ratio, the final interception and storage allocation ratio between the control reservoir and the supporting reservoir is determined.

[0021] Step 6: Complete the allocation of water storage and impoundment in the entire reservoir. For the cooperating reservoirs involved in the allocation in step 5, further determine whether there are other cooperating reservoirs with direct hydraulic connection upstream. If so, repeat the allocation logic of step 5, and recursively calculate the interception and storage allocation ratio of all reservoirs included in the joint dispatch. According to the final water storage allocation ratio of each reservoir Combined with the total flood volume that needs to be intercepted The impoundment flow of each reservoir is calculated using the following formula. : (12).

[0022] Step 7: Verify the scheduling effect and make dynamic adjustments. Based on the impoundment flow of each reservoir, joint compensation scheduling calculations were performed for the cascade reservoirs to verify the flood control scheduling control points. Traffic situation: If the control point is scheduled The flow rate is less than the safe discharge capacity. If the flow rate is still greater than 1, then the scheduling ends; if the flow rate is still greater than 1, then the scheduling ends. Then increase the flow control factor in step 2. Repeat steps 2 through 7 above until a control point is reached. The flow rate meets the safety discharge requirements.

[0023] The cascade reservoir joint compensation scheduling method considering both flood source and reservoir capacity provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention effectively solves the technical problems existing in the field of reservoir flood control scheduling, especially in the process of joint flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs. It overcomes the limitations of traditional methods in dealing with different types of floods and dynamically changing flood control capacity, which make it difficult to efficiently exert the interception and storage benefits of cascade reservoirs, as well as the poor scheduling effect caused by large differences in inflow and dynamic changes in flood control capacity.

[0024] 2. This invention fully considers the flood region composition and flood control capacity of cascade reservoirs, and reasonably gives the interception and storage capacity of cascade reservoirs participating in joint scheduling, which is in line with the actual scheduling and operation characteristics of reservoirs and is different from the traditional method based solely on historical data.

[0025] 3. The method provided by this invention is simple, practical, reasonable and reliable. The required core data can be easily obtained directly through the reservoir operation and maintenance system. The flood forecast process can be generated based on a mature hydrological model. The data acquisition cost is low, no additional monitoring equipment is required, and it is easy to promote and apply in reservoir operation and management departments, providing strong support for scheduling decisions.

[0026] 4. Through dynamic analysis of hydraulic topology and remaining flood control capacity, this invention can quickly identify the interception roles in cascade reservoirs, clearly define the controlling reservoir and the cooperating reservoir, avoid the drawbacks of ambiguous reservoir interception roles in traditional scheduling, make the functional positioning of each reservoir accurate, improve scheduling efficiency, and greatly enhance the organizational efficiency of coordinated interception.

[0027] 5. This invention can dynamically adjust the interception and storage strategy of cascade reservoirs according to different flood sources and remaining flood control capacity conditions. It adopts a primary and secondary interception and storage allocation method, following the process of "primary allocation + secondary allocation + recursive allocation", to achieve full coverage of interception and storage allocation from the control reservoir to upstream multi-level cooperating reservoirs. This ensures that all participating reservoirs can accurately undertake the corresponding interception and storage tasks, with no scheduling omissions, and is more in line with the actual water conditions and engineering conditions.

[0028] 6. This invention effectively improves the overall flood control efficiency of the cascade reservoir group. By optimizing the allocation of flood control resources in the cascade reservoir group through multi-level interception and storage, it avoids the accumulation of risks or idle waste caused by excessive interception in some reservoirs, fully taps the actual flood control potential of each reservoir, avoids resource waste or uneven load, and significantly improves the overall flood control efficiency and comprehensive water resource utilization rate of the cascade reservoir group.

[0029] 7. This invention constructs a closed-loop mechanism of "calculation-allocation-verification-adjustment" by dynamically adjusting the flow control factor. This ensures that the flow rate at the flood control point is lower than the safe discharge rate after the final scheduling, completely solving the shortcomings of traditional scheduling of "one-time calculation without feedback adjustment", and making flood control more reliable.

[0030] 8. The implementation process of this invention strictly follows logic, and the calculation steps for the storage and distribution ratio are clear. Reservoir operation and management departments can directly implement the process, which greatly reduces the technical application threshold. The calculation process is based on basic mathematical formulas and illustrated flowcharts, without the need for complex algorithms and a large amount of computing power. It is simple and easy to promote, suitable for grassroots reservoir management departments to implement, and can be quickly popularized to various cascade reservoir scheduling scenarios.

[0031] 9. This invention is not limited to a specific number of reservoirs and cascade layout; it can be adapted to cascade reservoir groups of various levels and numbers, offering high flexibility and covering different scales of cascade flood control scheduling scenarios. Furthermore, the time step can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual scheduling needs of the reservoir group. This method adapts to the forecast accuracy and scheduling timeliness requirements of different flood processes, further enhancing its adaptability and practical value.

[0032] 10. This invention can quickly generate quantitative data on the storage and distribution ratio and the storage flow, providing reservoir operation and management departments with intuitive and scientific real-time scheduling decision-making basis, shortening the decision-making cycle in emergency flood control scenarios, supporting rapid response, facilitating reservoir operation and maintenance personnel to accurately execute scheduling operations according to quantitative standards, reducing human decision-making bias, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of scheduling execution.

[0033] 11. This invention effectively reduces the excess flood volume at downstream flood control and dispatch control points, ensuring that the flow at the control points remains stable within the safe discharge range. By accurately identifying the hydraulic transmission patterns between reservoirs through hydraulic topology, the interception and storage allocation scheme is highly consistent with the actual water flow evolution path, avoiding poor interception and storage effects and the risk of flood superposition caused by ignoring hydraulic connections. This minimizes flood disaster losses in downstream areas and protects the safety of people's lives and property.

[0034] 12. This invention takes into account both the flood control capacity of a single reservoir and the synergistic effect of a cascade system. It fully leverages the core interception and storage function of the control reservoir while activating the auxiliary interception and storage potential of the cooperating reservoirs, achieving the dual goals of "high-efficiency interception and storage at a single point + overall coordinated flood control" and improving the stability of the cascade flood control system. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the technical process of the method of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic topology of the cascade reservoirs given in step 3 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of the water storage and distribution ratio of the cascade reservoirs in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs that takes into account both flood source and reservoir capacity, including the following steps: Step 1: Determine the scope of cascade reservoirs to be included in the joint compensation scheduling and collect engineering characteristic data of the cascade reservoir group; Step 2: Determine the amount of floodwater to be impounded for each time period based on the compensation and scheduling needs of the downstream flood control and scheduling control points of the reservoir group; Step 3: Determine the water retention role of the cascade reservoirs included in the joint compensation scheduling; Step 4: Based on the proportion of flood volume and the proportion of remaining flood control capacity of each reservoir, determine the interception and storage allocation ratio of the control reservoirs and complete the initial interception and storage allocation. Step 5: Using the identified control reservoir as a node, continue to determine the hydraulic topology connection with the upstream cooperating reservoirs and carry out secondary impoundment and allocation; Step 6: Complete the allocation of flood storage capacity for all reservoirs included in the joint compensation scheduling; Step 7: Conduct joint compensation scheduling calculations for cascade reservoirs to verify the interception effect of the scheduling control points after water storage.

[0037] Furthermore, in step 1, the engineering characteristic data includes the flood control water level of each reservoir. High floodwater levels Water level and reservoir capacity curve , The number of reservoirs involved, The reservoir numbers involved are listed below. For water level, For storage capacity.

[0038] Furthermore, in step 2, the amount of floodwater that needs to be impounded is calculated using formula (1). : (1); In the formula, The total flood volume that the cascade reservoir group needs to jointly impound to ensure that the flow at the flood control control point does not exceed the safe discharge is the required flood volume. Unit: cubic meters or 100 million cubic meters. flood control point The forecast of flood events affects downstream flood control and dispatching points. Predicted data on the variation of flood flow over time at a future period, in cubic meters per second (m³ / s). ); flood control and dispatch control point Safe discharge capacity, flood control dispatch control points The maximum allowable discharge flow threshold, exceeding which may trigger flood control risks, is expressed in cubic meters per second. ); For time; To predict the timing of flood discharge exceeding the safe level, the predicted... First time exceeding The specific moment is not in units, but is measured by time dimension (such as day, hour); The time interval for calculating the flood volume is used to accumulate instantaneous flow into a time-period flood volume, in hours (h) or seconds (s). This is a flow regulation factor, typically set to 1.1, which can be dynamically adjusted based on the interception effect.

[0039] Furthermore, the time step The value range is 1 hour to 24 hours, that is, 3600s to 86400s.

[0040] Furthermore, in step 3, the role of water storage and interception is determined based on the hydraulic topology relationship between the cascade reservoirs included in the joint compensation scheduling and the flood control scheduling control point. The reservoirs that have direct hydraulic connection with the flood control scheduling control point are designated as control reservoirs, and the reservoirs upstream of the control reservoirs are designated as supporting reservoirs.

[0041] Furthermore, in step 4, when calculating the proportion of flood volume in the controlled reservoirs, the flood propagation time between each controlled reservoir and the flood control dispatch control point is considered, and the following formula is used for calculation: For controlling reservoirs : (2); For controlling reservoirs : (3); Flood volume ratio , : (4); (5); In the formula, , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The flood volume during the designated time period, i.e., the water volume controlled by the reservoir during the period of water retention. , They flowed into the flood control points respectively. Total flood volume, in cubic meters or 100 million cubic meters; For time; , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , Forecasting flood events, that is, controlling reservoirs , Forecast data on inflow rate over time for a future period, unit: cubic meters per second (m³ / s) ); , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , With flood control dispatch and control points The time it takes for floodwaters to travel from the controlled reservoir. , After being discharged, it flows to the flood control dispatch and control point. Time, in units of days (d) or hours (h); , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The proportion of flood volume, i.e., the control reservoir , The proportion of the flood volume during a given period to the total flood volume during all controlled reservoirs during that period, without units, ranging from 0 to 1, satisfies... .

[0042] Furthermore, in calculating the aforementioned flood volume proportion , At that time, flood forecasting processes are obtained through hydrological forecasting models, including rainfall-runoff models and river flood evolution models.

[0043] Furthermore, in step 4, the following formula is used to calculate the proportion of the controlled reservoir capacity: For controlling reservoirs The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity: (6); For controlling reservoirs The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity: (7); Storage capacity ratio , : (8); (9); In the formula, where , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity, controlling the reservoir , The sum of the remaining flood control capacity of all upstream cooperating reservoirs, in cubic meters or 100 million cubic meters; , , , , Reservoirs , , , , Available flood control capacity, i.e., the capacity of a single reservoir , , , , The actual reservoir capacity currently available for flood control, in cubic meters or 100 million cubic meters, is calculated using real-time reservoir water levels combined with water level-reservoir capacity curves. , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The proportion of reservoir capacity, controlling the reservoir , The corresponding proportion of the total remaining flood control capacity to the total remaining flood control capacity of all controlled reservoirs, without units, ranging from 0 to 1; satisfies .

[0044] Furthermore, the remaining flood control capacity , It is calculated by combining real-time water level data of the reservoir with water level and reservoir capacity curves.

[0045] Furthermore, in step 4, the water storage and distribution ratio of the reservoir is determined based on the proportion of flood volume and the proportion of reservoir capacity, using the following formula: (10); (11); In the formula, where , To control the reservoir , The water storage and distribution ratio, i.e., the control reservoir , The percentage of the total flood storage capacity to be handled has no unit and ranges from 0 to 1.

[0046] Furthermore, in step 5, during the secondary interception and allocation, it is first determined whether there is a cooperating reservoir with direct hydraulic connection upstream of the control reservoir. If so, the scope of the secondary interception and allocation is determined. Then, the flood volume ratio and reservoir capacity ratio of the control reservoir and its cooperating reservoir are calculated respectively. Finally, the interception and allocation ratio of the two is obtained by combining the initial interception and allocation ratio.

[0047] Furthermore, in step 6, the impoundment flow of each reservoir is calculated using the following formula: (12); In the formula, For reservoir The reservoir's ability to retain water flow The instantaneous flow rate to be retained according to the allocated proportion (i.e., the flow rate to be reduced), unit: cubic meters per second ( The result was derived from the total flood storage capacity, time step, and allocation ratio.

[0048] Furthermore, in step 7, if the flood control dispatch control point is jointly dispatched... If the flow rate is less than the safe allowance, the scheduling ends; if it is still greater than the safe allowance, the flow rate control factor in step 2 is increased. Repeat the above steps until the flood control dispatch control point is reached. The flow rate is less than the safe discharge capacity.

[0049] Furthermore, the cascade reservoir joint compensation scheduling method that takes into account flood source and reservoir capacity is applicable to joint flood control scheduling scenarios involving two or more cascade reservoirs with hydraulic topological connections.

[0050] Example 2: In another preferred embodiment, based on Embodiment 1 above, this embodiment provides a joint compensation scheduling method for cascade reservoirs that takes into account both flood source and reservoir capacity, using five cascade reservoirs (referred to as...) as examples. , , , , Taking [the project] as the research object, this invention applies the cascade reservoir joint compensation scheduling method that considers both flood source and reservoir capacity to carry out flood control scheduling, following the principles described above throughout the process. Figure 1 The implementation process shown is combined with Figure 2 Hydraulic topology and Figure 3The allocation calculation process, specifically the following steps: I. Determining the scheduling scope and collecting engineering characteristic data like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment first executes the initial steps of the scheduling process: based on the downstream flood control scheduling control points... Based on the flood control needs and the flood control scheduling tasks of the upstream reservoir group, it was determined that... , , , , All reservoirs were included in the joint compensation and dispatch scope. Core engineering characteristic data for the five reservoirs were collected, including the flood control limit water level, flood control high water level, and water level-reservoir capacity curves for each reservoir. This provides basic data for subsequent flood volume calculation and reservoir capacity analysis.

[0051] II. Calculate the flood volume that downstream flood control points need to impound. like Figure 1 As shown, we proceed to the stage of calculating the required flood storage volume. The flood control dispatch control points are known. Safe discharge volume The predicted flood process is obtained based on the hydrological forecasting model. The forecast predicts that it will occur in 5 days (August 20th). The flood flow exceeded the safe discharge threshold.

[0052] Using formula (1) the total flood volume to be impounded: (1); in: Calculate time step ; Flow regulation factor ; Forecast of the time of exceeding the safe discharge volume It is August 20th.

[0053] Substituting the data, we get: .

[0054] III. Delineating the Roles of Reservoirs in Water Storage like Figure 1 As shown, after determining the amount of floodwater to be impounded, the next step is to assign roles to reservoirs responsible for flood control. (Combined with...) Figure 2 The diagram shows the hydraulic topology of the cascade reservoirs, including the five reservoirs and the flood control control points. The hydraulic connection is clear: , Directly with control points Connected, lie in Upstream, , lie in Upstream.

[0055] According to the rule of "selecting the reservoir with a direct hydraulic connection to the flood control control point as the control reservoir" ( Figure 3 (Initial stage of the process), clearly define the roles of interception and blocking: Controlling reservoirs: , (Responsible for the core task of intercepting and storing flood peaks and flood volumes); In conjunction with the reservoir: , , (Assisting the corresponding reservoir in completing the water storage task).

[0056] IV. Controlling the initial water storage and distribution of the reservoir like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, after the roles are assigned, the initial water storage and distribution of the reservoir is carried out.

[0057] (a) Calculate the proportion of flood volume in the control reservoir Given the control reservoir and control points Time of flood propagation: to transmission time , to transmission time .

[0058] Calculate the flood volume of each controlled reservoir during the retention period according to formulas (2) and (3): The period of flood volume of 100 million (Cumulative flood volume as of August 19); The period of flood volume of 100 million (Cumulative flood volume as of August 18).

[0059] Further calculate the flood volume ratio according to formulas (4) and (5): ; .

[0060] (ii) Calculate the proportion of reservoir capacity to control water storage The remaining flood control capacity of each reservoir is known: , , , , .

[0061] Calculate the total remaining flood control capacity of each controlled reservoir according to formulas (6) and (7): The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity: ; The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity: .

[0062] Further calculate the storage capacity ratio according to formulas (8) and (9): ; .

[0063] (III) Determining the initial water storage allocation ratio according to Figure 3 According to the process requirements, and combining the above-mentioned flood volume ratio and reservoir capacity ratio, the initial impoundment allocation ratio of the control reservoir is calculated according to formulas (10) and (11): ; .

[0064] V. Coordinate with the secondary impoundment and distribution of water in the reservoir. like Figure 3 As shown, after the initial allocation is completed, it is determined whether there is a cooperating reservoir upstream of the control reservoir (the result is "yes"), and then the secondary impoundment and allocation process begins.

[0065] (one) Coordinate with upstream reservoirs Secondary distribution Calculation of flood volume percentage: and The flood propagation time is negligible. The flood volume on August 19th was ,but , ; Storage capacity ratio calculation: , ; Calculation of water storage allocation ratio: ; .

[0066] (two) Coordinate with upstream reservoirs , Secondary distribution Reference Figure 3 Process, Judgment There is a supporting reservoir upstream. , Calculated using the same logic, we get: , , .

[0067] Further judgment , , There are no other supporting reservoirs upstream. Figure 3 (No branch in the process), secondary allocation ends.

[0068] VI. Complete the allocation of the total reservoir's water storage capacity. like Figure 1 As shown, after secondary allocation and recursive verification, the calculation of the water storage allocation ratio for all reservoirs is completed. According to formula (12), combined with the final water storage allocation ratio of each reservoir, the water storage flow of each reservoir is calculated: ; ; ; ; .

[0069] VII. Verify the scheduling effect like Figure 1 As shown, the final step is to verify the scheduling effect: joint compensation scheduling calculations are performed based on the impounded flow of each reservoir. The results show the flood control scheduling control points. The final flow is Less than the safe discharge capacity There was no excess flood volume, and the flood control requirements were met. The dispatching operation has ended.

[0070] In the preferred embodiment, in step 1, the engineering characteristic data includes the flood control water level of each reservoir. High floodwater levels Water level and reservoir capacity curve , The number of reservoirs involved, The reservoir numbers involved are listed below. For water level, The above settings comprehensively capture the core engineering attributes of the reservoir, accurately depict the flood control capacity boundary and storage capacity change characteristics of the reservoir, and provide accurate data support for subsequent flood volume calculation, storage capacity analysis and interception allocation. This ensures that all aspects of scheduling have reliable basis, avoids the distortion of scheduling plans due to missing or biased data, and also avoids the ambiguity of traditional experience-based judgments. It ensures that scheduling decisions are based on real-time reservoir status, improves the matching degree between scheduling plans and actual engineering conditions, and thus reduces scheduling risks caused by parameter deviations.

[0071] In the preferred embodiment, in step 2, the amount of floodwater to be impounded is calculated using formula (1). The above settings, through quantitative formulas, transform the forecasted flood process and safe discharge into clear interception targets, eliminating subjective estimation biases and making interception demand clear and measurable, providing a unified and accurate benchmark for subsequent flood volume allocation between reservoirs; at the same time, they break through the limitations of traditional qualitative estimation, and can dynamically adjust the interception targets according to real-time flood characteristics (such as peak value and duration), ensuring that the scheduling plan meets flood control safety requirements while avoiding resource waste caused by excessive interception, and providing a scientific basis for subsequent allocation strategies.

[0072] In the preferred embodiment, the time step The value range is 1 hour to 24 hours, or 3600s to 86400s. The above settings can be flexibly adapted according to the accuracy of flood forecasts and the duration of floods. For short-duration heavy rainfall floods, hourly step sizes can be used to improve the calculation precision, while for long-duration stable floods, daily step sizes can be used to simplify the calculation. This meets the timeliness requirements of different scheduling scenarios and significantly improves the scheduling scheme's responsiveness to complex water conditions.

[0073] In the preferred embodiment, in step 3, the interception role is determined based on the hydraulic topology relationship between the cascade reservoirs included in the joint compensation scheduling and the flood control scheduling control point. The reservoirs with direct hydraulic connection to the flood control scheduling control point are designated as control reservoirs, and the reservoirs upstream of the control reservoirs are designated as supporting reservoirs. This setup, by clearly defining the division between control reservoirs and supporting reservoirs, constructs a hierarchical interception system. The control reservoirs directly undertake the flood regulation task of the flood control scheduling control point, while the supporting reservoirs support the control reservoirs through coordinated interception, forming a "core-support" collaborative mechanism. This avoids the inefficiency caused by "average distribution" in traditional methods and significantly improves the collaborative flood control capability of the cascade reservoir group.

[0074] In the preferred embodiment, in step 4, when calculating the proportion of flood volume in the controlled reservoirs, the flood propagation time between each controlled reservoir and the flood control dispatch control point is considered. This setting conforms to the time pattern of flood evolution, avoids the statistical deviation of flood volume caused by ignoring the propagation time difference, and makes the calculation of the proportion of inflow contribution of the controlled reservoirs more consistent with the actual water flow, thus improving the rationality of the allocation ratio. Introducing the flood propagation time parameter makes the calculation of the proportion of flood volume in the controlled reservoirs closer to the actual water flow evolution pattern. At the same time, it can also accurately reflect the transmission process of flood from upstream reservoirs to the flood control dispatch control point, avoid the deviation in the calculation of the interception volume caused by ignoring the propagation time lag, thereby ensuring that the dispatch plan is synchronized with the actual flood arrival time and improving the reliability of flood control.

[0075] In the preferred embodiment, when calculating the proportion of the flood volume... , At the same time, flood forecasting is obtained through hydrological forecasting models, including rainfall-runoff models and river flood evolution models. The above settings, relying on mature hydrological tools such as rainfall-runoff models and river flood evolution models, enable accurate forecasting of flood processes. These models can integrate multi-source data such as real-time rainfall, topography, and river characteristics to generate high-precision flood process lines, providing dynamic input for the calculation and allocation of water storage capacity, and significantly improving the adaptability of the scheduling scheme to uncertain water conditions.

[0076] In the preferred embodiment, the remaining flood control capacity , The above settings are calculated by combining real-time water level data of the reservoir with water level-capacity curves. Through the linkage analysis of real-time water level data and water level-capacity curves, the changes in the remaining flood control capacity of the reservoir are dynamically tracked. This breaks through the limitations of traditional static capacity determination, ensures that the scheduling decision is based on the actual available capacity of the reservoir, avoids misjudgment of the flood control capacity due to the lag in capacity information, and thus improves the safety of the scheduling plan.

[0077] In the preferred embodiment, in step 4, the water storage allocation ratio of the reservoirs is determined based on the proportion of flood volume and the proportion of reservoir capacity. This setting takes into account both the inflow contribution of the reservoirs and their actual water storage capacity, avoiding the imbalance caused by relying solely on flood volume or reservoir capacity. It prevents reservoirs with high inflow but insufficient capacity from being overloaded, and also prevents reservoirs with sufficient capacity but low inflow from being idle, thus making the allocation of water storage tasks more balanced. Through the dual constraints of flood volume and reservoir capacity, the water storage allocation ratio is balanced, taking into account both the flood regulation needs of the reservoirs (flood volume ratio) and the actual flood control capacity of the reservoirs (reservoir capacity ratio). This avoids resource waste or uneven load caused by allocation based on a single factor, thereby optimizing the flood control resource allocation of the cascade reservoir group.

[0078] In the preferred embodiment, during the secondary flood control allocation in step 5, it is first determined whether there are any cooperating reservoirs with direct hydraulic connections upstream of the control reservoir. If so, the scope of the secondary flood control allocation is clarified. Then, the flood volume ratio and reservoir capacity ratio of the control reservoir and its cooperating reservoirs are calculated separately. Finally, the flood control allocation ratio of the two is obtained by combining the initial flood control allocation ratio. The above settings enable the precise extension of the flood control task from the control reservoir to the upstream multi-level cooperating reservoirs, without overlooking any reservoir resources that can participate in flood control, and fully tapping the flood control potential of the cascade reservoir group. In the secondary allocation stage, by clarifying the participation scope of the cooperating reservoirs, a full-coverage flood control system from the control reservoir to the upstream multi-level cooperating reservoirs is constructed, ensuring that all participating reservoirs can accurately undertake the corresponding flood control tasks, avoiding the problem of "some reservoirs being idle" in traditional methods, and significantly improving the overall flood control efficiency of the cascade reservoir group.

[0079] In the preferred embodiment, in step 7, if the flood control dispatch control point is jointly dispatched... If the flow rate is less than the safe allowance, the scheduling ends; if it is still greater than the safe allowance, the flow rate control factor in step 2 is increased. Repeat the above steps until the flood control dispatch control point is reached. The flow rate is less than the safe discharge capacity. The above settings construct a closed-loop optimization mechanism, which can cope with the situation where the initial scheduling does not meet the standard. By dynamically adjusting and correcting the scheduling plan, it ensures that the flow rate at the flood control scheduling control point is always within the safe threshold, protects the downstream flood control safety, completely solves the defects of traditional scheduling of "one-time calculation without feedback adjustment", and significantly improves the reliability of flood control.

[0080] In the preferred embodiment, the cascade reservoir joint compensation scheduling method that takes into account both flood source and reservoir capacity is applicable to joint flood control scheduling scenarios involving two or more cascade reservoirs with hydraulic topological connections. This approach breaks the application limitations of single-scale reservoir groups and, through a generalized design, covers all scenarios involving two or more cascade reservoirs with hydraulic topological connections. Whether it's a compact cascade (small reservoir spacing) or a loose cascade (large reservoir spacing), whether it's a small combination of cascade reservoirs or a large, complex reservoir group, efficient scheduling can be achieved by adjusting hydraulic topological parameters and allocation strategies. This significantly broadens the application scenarios and greatly enhances the practical engineering value and promotion potential of the method.

[0081] In summary, the cascade reservoir joint compensation scheduling method considering both flood source and reservoir capacity provided by this invention effectively solves key technical challenges in reservoir flood control scheduling, especially in the joint flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs. Addressing the problem that traditional methods struggle to efficiently utilize the flood storage benefits of cascade reservoirs when dealing with different types of floods and dynamically changing flood control capacity, this invention achieves a breakthrough through a series of technical improvements.

[0082] Specifically, this invention first refines engineering characteristic data to the flood control limit water level, flood prevention high water level, and water level-reservoir capacity curves of each reservoir, using these as basic parameters for scheduling. This overcomes the limitations of traditional methods that rely on single reservoir parameters or empirical values, achieving precise data-driven joint scheduling of multiple reservoirs. Simultaneously, it proposes a flood volume calculation mechanism with a dynamic time step (1 hour to 24 hours), which can adjust the calculation accuracy in real time according to the flood evolution speed, solving the problem that traditional fixed step sizes cannot adapt to rapidly changing water conditions. Furthermore, by controlling the reservoir flood volume ratio through flood propagation time correction, it incorporates the water flow time lag effect into the joint scheduling calculation model for the first time, improving the synchronization between the allocation of interception capacity and the actual flood arrival time.

[0083] Furthermore, this invention constructs a secondary interception and allocation system of "control reservoir - cooperating reservoir," clarifying the participation scope and calculation logic of upstream cooperating reservoirs, filling the gap in the multi-level reservoir linkage mechanism in the coordinated scheduling of cascade reservoirs. In terms of allocation strategy, it innovatively proposes an interception and allocation method with dual constraints of flood volume ratio and reservoir capacity ratio. By quantifying the matching relationship between reservoir flood regulation demand and actual flood control capacity, it achieves dynamic and balanced allocation of flood control resources for the cascade reservoir group. In addition, a closed-loop feedback scheduling mechanism is developed. When the initial scheduling fails to meet the safe discharge capacity, the flow control factor is automatically adjusted and recalculated, introducing the "calculation-verification-correction" iterative process into the field of joint scheduling of cascade reservoirs for the first time.

[0084] Finally, this invention proposes a role-based approach based on hydraulic topology, which establishes a hierarchical and networked cascade reservoir collaborative flood control system by directly connecting the control reservoir with the cooperating reservoirs through hydraulic connections. This breaks through the traditional single-reservoir scheduling or simple superimposed scheduling model. Simultaneously, for the first time, it links rainfall-runoff models, river flood evolution models, and real-time reservoir water level data to generate dynamically input flood process lines. This enables real-time response and adaptive adjustment of the scheduling scheme to uncertain water conditions, significantly improving the scientific rigor and reliability of the joint flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs.

Claims

1. A method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account both flood source and reservoir capacity, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the scope of cascade reservoirs to be included in the joint compensation scheduling and collect engineering characteristic data of the cascade reservoir group; Step 2: Determine the amount of floodwater to be impounded for each time period based on the compensation and scheduling needs of the downstream flood control and scheduling control points of the reservoir group; Step 3: Determine the water retention role of the cascade reservoirs included in the joint compensation scheduling; Step 4: Based on the proportion of flood volume and the proportion of remaining flood control capacity of each reservoir, determine the interception and storage allocation ratio of the control reservoirs and complete the initial interception and storage allocation. Step 5: Using the identified control reservoir as a node, continue to determine the hydraulic topology connection with the upstream cooperating reservoirs and carry out secondary impoundment and allocation; Step 6: Complete the allocation of flood storage capacity for all reservoirs included in the joint compensation scheduling; Step 7: Conduct joint compensation scheduling calculations for cascade reservoirs to verify the interception effect of the scheduling control points after water storage.

2. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the engineering characteristic data includes the flood control water level of each reservoir. High floodwater levels Water level and reservoir capacity curve , The number of reservoirs involved, The reservoir numbers involved are listed below. For water level, For storage capacity.

3. The cascade reservoir joint compensation and scheduling method considering flood source and reservoir capacity level as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the amount of floodwater that needs to be impounded is calculated using formula (1). : （1）； In the formula, For the flood volume that needs to be retained; flood control point Forecasting flood events; flood control and dispatch control point The safe discharge capacity; For time; To predict when the flood discharge will exceed the safe level; To calculate the time step; It is a flow regulation factor.

4. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The time step The value ranges from 1 hour to 24 hours, or from 3600 seconds to 86400 seconds.

5. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity level as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 7, if the flood control dispatch control point is jointly dispatched If the flow rate is less than the safe discharge limit, the scheduling ends. If the flow rate is still greater than the safe discharge limit, increase the flow control factor in step 2. Repeat the above steps until the flood control dispatch control point is reached. The flow rate is less than the safe discharge capacity.

6. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the role of water storage and interception is determined based on the hydraulic topology relationship between the cascade reservoirs included in the joint compensation scheduling and the flood control scheduling control point. The reservoirs that have direct hydraulic connection with the flood control scheduling control point are designated as control reservoirs, and the reservoirs upstream of the control reservoirs are designated as supporting reservoirs.

7. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, when calculating the proportion of flood volume in the controlled reservoirs, the flood propagation time between each controlled reservoir and the flood control dispatch control point is considered, and the following formula is used for calculation: For controlling reservoirs : （2）； For controlling reservoirs : （3）； Flood volume ratio , : （4）； （5）； In the formula, , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The flood volume during the specified period; For time; , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , Forecast flood events; , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , With flood control dispatch and control points The duration of flood propagation; To predict when the flood discharge will exceed the safe level; To calculate the time step; For flow regulation factors; , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The proportion of flood volume.

8. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity as described in claim 7, characterized in that: In calculating the proportion of the flood volume , At that time, flood forecasting processes are obtained through hydrological forecasting models, including rainfall-runoff models and river flood evolution models.

9. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the following formula is used to calculate the proportion of the controlled reservoir capacity: For controlling reservoirs The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity: （6）； For controlling reservoirs The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity: （7）； Storage capacity ratio , : （8）； （9）； In the formula, , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The corresponding total remaining flood control capacity; , , , , Reservoirs , , , , Available flood control capacity; , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The percentage of storage capacity.

10. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity level as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The remaining flood control capacity , It is calculated by combining real-time water level data of the reservoir with water level and reservoir capacity curves.

11. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the water storage and distribution ratio of the reservoir is determined based on the proportion of flood volume and the proportion of reservoir capacity, using the following formula: （10）； （11）； In the formula, , To control the reservoir , The proportion of water retention and allocation; , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The proportion of flood volume; , Reservoirs are respectively controlled , The percentage of storage capacity.

12. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity level as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, during the secondary interception and allocation, it is first determined whether there is a cooperating reservoir with direct hydraulic connection upstream of the control reservoir. If so, the scope of the secondary interception and allocation is determined. Then, the flood volume ratio and reservoir capacity ratio of the control reservoir and its cooperating reservoir are calculated respectively. Finally, the interception and allocation ratio of the two is obtained by combining the initial interception and allocation ratio.

13. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity level as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the impoundment flow of each reservoir is calculated using the following formula: （12）； In the formula, For reservoir The flow of water is blocked; For the flood volume that needs to be retained; To calculate the time step; To control the reservoir The proportion of water storage and distribution.

14. The method for joint compensation and scheduling of cascade reservoirs taking into account flood source and reservoir capacity level as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The proposed joint compensation and scheduling method for cascade reservoirs, which takes into account both flood source and reservoir capacity, is applicable to joint flood control scheduling scenarios involving two or more cascade reservoirs with hydraulic topological connections.

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