A suspended jujube harvester

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of suspension type red jujube harvester, belong to red jujube harvester technical field.The harvester mainly includes suspension frame, transmission system, liftable walking wheel, guide plate, poking device, lifting and conveying screening device and impurity collection device.When operating, it is suspended and pulled by tractor and travels forward, simultaneously power is provided by the output shaft of tractor, and it is suitable for red jujube harvesting operation after falling into ridge.The harvester can realize the lifting and transportation of red jujube, screening, impurity cleaning by winnowing and collection, and has the characteristics of low cost, low damage and high efficiency.The harvester can avoid tractor idling and additional maintenance cost, improve the willingness of small and medium-sized farmers to apply mechanization, and has important significance for promoting the quality and efficiency of red jujube industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a suspended jujube harvester. Background Technology

[0002] Harvesting jujubes is one of the most labor-intensive and costly stages in jujube production. Mechanized harvesting is crucial for the sustainable development of the industry. Currently, research and application in mechanized jujube harvesting mainly focus on self-propelled pneumatic suction systems. While this system achieves mechanization to some extent, it still has the following significant drawbacks: First, the technological approach is singular and biased. Current research and development mainly focuses on the non-contact method of air suction, resulting in a single technological path and bias that "non-contact harvesting must be used to avoid damage." This objectively inhibits the exploration and innovation of other potentially efficient and low-damage principles such as mechanical and vibration methods. Second, the equipment cost is high. Existing self-propelled pneumatic jujube harvesters generally use a dual-power system of "fan mechanism + walking mechanism," which is complex in structure and expensive to manufacture. This directly leads to a high equipment price and makes subsequent fuel and maintenance costs a heavy burden on users, seriously hindering its widespread adoption among small and medium-sized farmers. Third: Existing tractor power resources are not being effectively integrated and utilized. In major jujube-producing areas, farmers own a large number of tractors, and their standard power take-off shafts (PTOs) are fully capable of providing the power and torque required to drive harvesters. Existing self-propelled solutions do not integrate and utilize this widely available power source, resulting in a waste of social resources and redundant investment by users; Fourthly, operational efficiency is limited. Due to the limited effective range of the air suction head, air suction jujube harvesters often adopt a zigzag operation mode of "first horizontal scanning, then intermittent forward movement." This mode involves a large amount of horizontal movement, resulting in a long harvesting stroke and making it difficult to effectively improve overall operational efficiency. Fifth: The fruit damage rate needs to be further reduced. The air-suction method relies on high-speed airflow, which can easily cause the jujubes to collide inside the pipe and may also impact the adsorption process of fallen jujubes, posing a challenge to controlling the damage rate; Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new jujube harvesting solution that can overcome the above-mentioned technical biases, effectively utilize existing power sources, be low-cost, highly efficient, and further reduce fruit damage rates. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a low-cost, low-damage, high-efficiency, and adaptable suspended jujube harvester. This invention breaks the technical prejudice that "mechanical contact harvesting inevitably leads to high damage," achieving high-efficiency, low-damage operation at low cost. The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A suspended jujube harvester includes a suspended frame (1), a transmission system (2), and liftable wheels (3). The transmission system (2) is fixed to the upper part of the suspended frame (1) and is used for speed adjustment and power transmission. The liftable wheels (3) are fixed to the lower part of the rear section of the suspended frame (1). It also includes a diversion plate (4), a feeding device (5), a lifting and screening device (6), and a cleaning and collecting device (7). The diversion plate (4) is fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame (1) and is used to guide the jujubes into the lifting and screening device (6). The feeding device (5) is located above the diversion plate (4) and is supported in the middle of the front section of the suspension frame (1) by a bearing assembly. The lifting and screening device (6) is supported in the middle section of the suspension frame (1) by a bearing assembly and forms an angle α with the horizontal ground. Its front part is located in the lower rear part of the diversion plate (4). The cleaning and collecting device (7) is fixed to the lower rear part of the suspension frame (1) and the lower rear part of the lifting and screening device (6).

[0004] Preferably, the diversion plate (4) includes a shovel plate (41), a screen plate (42), and a soil removal structure (43). The shovel plate (41) is fixed to the front of the screen plate (42). The surface of the shovel plate (41) forms an angle b with the horizontal ground, and the surface of the shovel plate (41) forms an angle c with the screen plate (42). The screen plate (42) is fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame (1), and the rear of the screen plate (42) is spaced apart from the front of the lifting screening device (6) to form a feeding port. The soil removal structure (43) is evenly distributed on the screen plate (42). The soil removal structure (43) is a slot, through hole, or mesh, used to remove soil.

[0005] Preferably, the feeding device (5) includes a feeding spindle (51), a feeding plate group (52), feeding plates (53), and a feeding drive wheel (54). Multiple feeding plate groups (52) are fixed on the feeding spindle (51). The feeding plate groups (52) are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the feeding spindle (51) and are phase-shifted in the circumferential direction of the feeding spindle (51). The feeding plate group (52) includes multiple feeding plates (53). The feeding plates (53) are made of flexible material. The feeding drive wheel (54) is fixed on one side of the feeding spindle (51) and connected to the transmission system (2) to drive the feeding spindle (51) to rotate.

[0006] Preferably, the lifting and screening device (6) includes a lifting drive shaft (60), a lifting driven shaft (61), a lifting chain (62), a lifting pin shaft (63), a lifting pin shaft sleeve (64), a lifting main sprocket (65), a lifting driven sprocket (66), a lifting drive wheel (67), a lifting tension wheel (68), and a baffle (69). The lifting drive shaft (60) is fixed to the upper rear section of the suspension frame (1) via a bearing seat; the lifting driven shaft (61) is fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame (1) via a bearing seat; the number of lifting main sprockets (65) is one pair, and they are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lifting drive shaft (60); the number of lifting driven sprockets (66) is one pair, and they are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lifting driven shaft (61); the lifting drive wheel (67) is fixed to one end of the lifting drive shaft (60) and connected to the transmission system. The system (2) is connected to drive the lifting drive shaft (60) to rotate; the number of lifting chains (62) is one pair, which are respectively meshed on the lifting main sprocket (65) and the lifting slave sprocket (66) on both sides; the lifting tension wheel (68) is set on the non-meshing side of the lifting chain (62) and is installed on the suspension frame (1) through the tensioning mechanism to tension the lifting chain (62); a number of lifting pins (63) are arranged parallel between the two lifting chains (62), and each lifting pin (63) is fitted with a lifting pin sleeve (64). The two ends of the lifting pin (63) are respectively fixed in the pin holes of the two lifting chains (62); the baffle (69) is made of flexible material and is fixed on the suspension frame (1). Its lower edge is spaced from the moving lifting chain (62) to prevent material jamming.

[0007] Preferably, the impurity collection device (7) includes a cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71), a blower (72), a discharge screen (73), a baffle plate (74), an discharge air outlet (75), a detachable frame (76), and a discharge port (77). The cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71) is fixed to the rear section of the suspension frame (1) and the lower rear part of the lifting screening device (6). The blower (72) is located in the middle of one side of the cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71) and fixed on the blower base at the tail of the suspension frame (1). The discharge screen (73) is fixed to the lower middle section of the cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71), and its mesh arrangement direction is perpendicular to the air outlet direction of the blower (72). The horizontal ground forms an angle d, the angle of which is between 25° and 45°; the baffle (74) is located in front of the fan (72) and fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71) for uniform airflow distribution; the impurity outlet (75) is located in front of the baffle (74) and fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71); the detachable frame (76) is located below the outlet of the discharge screen (73) for collecting red dates and is detachably fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71); the impurity outlet (77) is located below the discharge screen (73) and fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71) for discharging the impurities screened out by the discharge screen (73).

[0008] Preferably, the included angle α is in the range of 15° to 45°.

[0009] Preferably, the included angle b ranges from 5° to 10°; the included angle c ranges from 25° to 45°.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting pin bushing (64) is made of flexible material, the gap between adjacent lifting pin bushings (64) is less than 10mm, the outer diameter of the lifting pin bushing (64) is provided in two sizes, large and small, and they are arranged alternately along the movement direction of the lifting chain (62). The diameter of adjacent lifting pin bushings (64) differs by 2 to 7mm to increase friction. The diameter of the lifting pin bushing (64) is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the outer chain plate of the lifting chain (62), and the outer surface of the lifting pin bushing (64) is provided with axially uniformly distributed arc-shaped grooves. Preferably, the transmission system (2) includes a T-type gearbox (21), a reduction system (22) and an acceleration system (23). The suspended jujube harvester is operated by a small tractor that is suspended and pulled forward. The power output from the rear output shaft of the tractor is transmitted to the transmission system (2). The power is split through the T-type gearbox (21). One path is reduced by the reduction system (22) and then transmitted to the material feeding device (5) and the lifting and screening device (6). The other path is accelerated by the acceleration system (23) and then transmitted to the blower (72) in the cleaning and collection device (7).

[0011] The operation process is as follows: A tractor pulls a suspended jujube harvester forward for operation. The tractor's power take-off shaft transmits power to the transmission system, which then distributes the power to the reduction and acceleration systems via a T-gearbox. The acceleration system drives the fan in the cleaning and collection device via belt drive, while the reduction system drives the material-feeding device via belt drive and the lifting and screening device via chain drive. The object of this invention is a mixture of jujubes, leaves, branches, and soil piled up in ridges (hereinafter referred to as jujube leaf mixture). During operation, the moving tractor drives the suspended jujube harvester over the stationary jujube leaf mixture. The jujube leaf mixture located between the tractor's wheels first contacts the guide plate at the front of the suspended jujube harvester. Under the action of the driving force, the shovel at the front of the guide plate shovels the jujube leaf mixture off the ground and guides it along the surface of the screen plate to the lifting and screening device at the rear. During this process, the soil removal structure on the screen plate performs preliminary soil screening on the jujube leaf mixture, separating some soil; at the same time, the material-feeding device above the guide plate rotates backward, pushing the jujube leaf mixture towards the lifting and screening device at the rear. Subsequently, the jujube leaf mixture enters the lifting and screening device, adhering to the lifting pin sleeve. With the slow rotation of the lifting chain, the lifting pin sleeve drives the jujube leaf mixture upwards at an angle, achieving lifting. During the lifting process, the vibration generated by the chain rotation and the gap between the lifting pin sleeve work together to further screen the jujube leaf mixture, removing impurities such as jujube leaves, soil, and branches. Next, the jujube leaf mixture is lifted to the top of the lifting and screening device, slides into the cleaning and collection device, and then slides down the discharge screen. During the slide, the jujube leaf mixture undergoes a third screening, separating more jujube leaves, soil, and branches, which are then discharged through the discharge outlet. Simultaneously, a blower generates airflow, which is evenly distributed after passing through a baffle plate and blown towards the sliding jujube leaf mixture, separating the lighter jujube leaves and branches, which are then discharged through the discharge outlet. Finally, the jujubes, after multi-stage screening and air separation, slide off the discharge screen and fall into the subsequent jujube collection frame, completing the entire harvesting and cleaning process.

[0012] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: First, it creatively overcomes technical biases. This invention breaks through the long-standing technical bias in the field of jujube harvesting that "only non-contact (air suction) can achieve low damage." Through multi-level flexible collaborative design (flexible conveying, flexible bearing, flexible sliding) combined with vibration screening and uniform air separation, it successfully achieves ultra-low damage harvesting under mechanical contact, opening up a completely new technical path. Second: Power reuse and revolutionary cost reduction. The innovative suspended design fully utilizes the PTO power of farmers' existing tractors, achieving single power input and dual-speed (deceleration / acceleration) output through a T-type gearbox, eliminating the need for an expensive self-propelled chassis and independent engine. The overall manufacturing cost is only about 50% of similar self-propelled air absorption harvesters, significantly shortening the investment payback period to 2-3 years, greatly increasing the willingness of small and medium-sized farmers to purchase the machine. Third: Significantly improved work efficiency. This invention improves efficiency by changing the work mode. Existing air suction harvesters have a limited range of air suction head and need to adopt a zigzag path, which involves a lot of travel and turning time and requires manual lifting and moving. In contrast, the tractor-pulled straight-line continuous work mode can achieve a working width of up to 0.8 meters and a larger working area per unit time. Fourth: Systematic Coordination and Optimization. This invention is not a simple superposition of components, but rather a system design that achieves smooth connection between guiding, conveying, lifting, screening, and air separation through angle coordination (angles a, b, c, and d), speed coordination (material feeding speed, lifting speed, and airflow speed), and material coordination (flexibility of key contact components). This enables efficient conveying while achieving gradual impurity removal and buffering, ultimately achieving a balance of "high efficiency, low damage, and low cost". Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a suspended jujube harvester; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the drainage plate structure; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the feeding device; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the lifting and screening device; Figure 5 : Partial structural diagram of the lifting and screening device; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the impurity collection device; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the transmission system structure; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of overall machine dimensions and angular arrangement; In the diagram: 1. Suspension frame; 2. Transmission system; 3. Liftable walking wheels; 4. Diverter plate; 5. Material feeding device; 6. Lifting and screening device; 7. Cleaning and collecting device; 21. T-type gearbox; 22. Reduction system; 23. Acceleration system; 41. Shovel plate; 42. Screen plate; 43. Soil removal structure; 51. Material feeding main shaft; 52. Material feeding plate assembly; 53. Material feeding plate; 54. Material feeding drive wheel; 60. Lifting drive shaft; 61. Lifting driven shaft; 62. Lifting chain; 63. Lifting pin shaft; 64. Lifting pin shaft sleeve; 65. Lifting main sprocket; 66. Lifting driven sprocket; 67. Lifting drive wheel; 68. Lifting tension wheel; 69. Baffle; 71. Cleaning and collecting device fixing frame; 72. Fan; 73. Discharge screen; 74. Baffle plate; 75. Discharge vent; 76. Demountable frame; 77. Discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, the suspended jujube harvester of the present invention includes a suspension frame 1, a transmission system 2, liftable wheels 3, a guide plate 4, a material feeding device 5, a lifting and screening device 6, and a cleaning and collecting device 7. The suspension frame 1 is used to connect to the three-point suspension mechanism at the rear of the tractor. The transmission system 2 is fixed to the upper part of the suspension frame 1 by bolts and connected to the tractor's PTO output shaft via a universal joint, used for speed adjustment and power transmission; the liftable wheels 3 are welded and fixed to the lower rear section of the suspension frame 1, used to adjust the frame's height from the ground and its operating angle. The guide plate 4 is welded and fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame 1, used to guide jujubes into the lifting and screening device 6; the material feeding device 5 is located above the guide plate 4 and fixed to the middle of the front section of the suspension frame 1 via a bearing seat; the lifting and screening device 6 is tilted and fixed to the middle section of the suspension frame 1 via a bearing seat, and preferably forms an angle α of 21° with the horizontal ground. The angle has been optimized and verified: if the angle is too large (e.g., 45°), the jujube leaf mixture will easily slide down, making it impossible to lift properly and increasing damage to the jujubes; if the angle is too small (e.g., 15°), although the damage is small, the lifting and screening device 6 needs to be longer to achieve the same lifting height, which will increase the overall length of the machine and reduce the equipment's passability. Preferably, at 21°, the horizontal length of the lifting and screening device 6 is 1587mm, achieving the best balance between ensuring good lifting capacity (no material slippage) and controlling the overall machine size. The front part of the lifting and screening device 6 is located at the lower rear of the guide plate 4; the impurity collection device 7 is welded and fixed to the rear section of the suspension frame 1 and the lower rear of the lifting and screening device 6.

[0016] like Figure 2As shown, the diversion plate 4 includes a shovel plate 41, a sieve plate 42, and a soil removal structure 43. The shovel plate 41 is welded and fixed to the front of the sieve plate 42; the surface of the shovel plate 41 forms an angle b with the horizontal ground, preferably 5°, to smoothly scoop up the jujube leaf mixture with minimal resistance. The surface of the shovel plate 41 forms an angle c with the sieve plate 42, preferably 30°, to facilitate guiding the jujube leaf mixture to the lifting and screening device 6 at the rear. The sieve plate 42 is welded and fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame 1, and the rear of the sieve plate 42 is spaced apart from the front of the lifting and screening device 6 to form a feeding port; the soil removal structure 43 is evenly distributed on the sieve plate 42, and the soil removal structure 43 has slots for sieving soil.

[0017] like Figure 3 As shown, the feeding device 5 includes a feeding spindle 51, feeding plate groups 52, feeding plates 53, and a feeding drive wheel 54. Three groups of feeding plate groups 52 are welded and fixed to the feeding spindle 51, alternately distributed along the axial direction of the feeding spindle 51, and evenly crisscrossed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the feeding spindle 51. Each group of feeding plate groups 52 is 45° apart. Four feeding plates 53 are evenly distributed on each feeding plate group 52. The feeding plates 53 are made of flexible material, and adjacent feeding plates are 90° apart. This arrangement ensures that when the feeding plates contact the material, they gently push the material backward in a "multiple, small, and dispersed" manner, effectively preventing inlet blockage and avoiding the impact caused by a single forced feeding, thereby reducing damage to the jujubes. The feeding drive wheel 54 is fixed to one side of the feeding spindle 51 and connected to the reduction system in the transmission system via a figure-eight belt, used to drive the feeding spindle 51 to rotate in the opposite direction.

[0018] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the lifting and screening device 6 is the core of material lifting and secondary screening. It includes a lifting drive shaft 60, a lifting driven shaft 61, a lifting chain 62, a lifting pin shaft 63, a lifting pin shaft sleeve 64, a lifting main sprocket 65, a lifting driven sprocket 66, a lifting drive wheel 67, a lifting tension wheel 68, and a baffle 69. The preferred angle α between the shaft and the ground is 21°. The lifting drive shaft 60 is fixed to the upper rear section of the suspension frame 1 via a bearing seat; the lifting driven shaft 61 is fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame 1 via a bearing seat; there is a pair of lifting main sprockets 65, symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lifting drive shaft 60; there is a pair of lifting driven sprockets 66, symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lifting driven shaft 61; the lifting drive wheel 67 is fixed to one end of the lifting drive shaft 60 and connected to the reduction system in the transmission system via a chain, driving the lifting drive shaft 60 to rotate; there is a pair of lifting chains 62, respectively meshing with the lifting main sprockets 65 and the lifting driven sprockets 66 on both sides; the lifting tension wheel 68 is located on the non-meshing side of the lifting chain 62 and is installed via a tensioning mechanism. On the suspension frame 1, a lifting chain 62 is tensioned; several lifting pins 63 are arranged parallel between the two lifting chains 62, and a lifting pin sleeve 64 is fitted on each lifting pin 63. The two ends of the lifting pin 63 are respectively inserted into the corresponding pin holes of the two lifting chains 62. The lifting chain 62 is preferably a 12A chain. Each chain pin hole must be inserted with a lifting pin 63. The diameter of the lifting pin 63 is preferably 6mm and the length is preferably 800mm. The baffle 69 is made of flexible material and is fixed to the suspension frame 1 by bolts. Its lower edge is spaced from the moving lifting chain 62 to isolate the jujube leaf mixture from contact with the lifting chain 62, prevent jujube jamming, and reduce damage to the jujubes. It also facilitates the maintenance of the lifting chain 62. The lifting pin bushing 64 is made of flexible material, which helps to reduce fruit damage. The gap between adjacent lifting pin bushings 64 is less than 10mm, which helps to remove impurities from the jujube leaf mixture and prevents jujubes from falling. More importantly, the outer diameter of the lifting pin bushing (64) is preferably 16mm or 12mm, and they are arranged alternately along the movement direction of the lifting chain (62). The diameter of adjacent lifting pin bushings 64 differs by 4mm, which helps to increase the friction between the lifting pin bushing and the jujube leaf mixture, thereby reducing the slippage of the jujube leaf mixture and reducing the damage rate. The diameter of the lifting pin bushing 64 is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the outer chain plate of the lifting chain 62, and the outer surface of the lifting pin bushing 64 is provided with axially uniformly distributed arc-shaped grooves, which helps to increase the friction between the lifting pin bushing and the jujube leaf mixture, reduce the slippage of the jujube leaf mixture, and reduce the damage rate. This alternating diameter difference (4mm) combined with the arc-shaped groove significantly increases the lifting force and friction of the jujube leaf mixture, ensuring that the material can rise stably without slipping at a 21° inclination angle. This is the key to achieving flexible lifting.At the same time, the vibration of the chain during operation and the gap between the pin sleeve work together to effectively screen and remove soil and small branches during the upward process.

[0019] like Figure 6 As shown, the impurity collection device 7 includes a cleaning and collection device fixing frame 71, a blower 72, a discharge screen 73, a baffle 74, a discharge air outlet 75, a detachable frame 76, and a discharge port 77. The cleaning and collection device fixing frame 71 is welded and fixed to the rear section of the suspension frame 1 and the lower rear part of the lifting and screening device 6. The blower 72 is located in the middle of one side of the cleaning and collection device fixing frame 71 and is fixed to the blower base at the tail of the suspension frame 1 by bolts. The discharge screen 73 is welded and fixed to the lower middle section of the cleaning and collection device fixing frame 71 and is perpendicular to the blower 72, forming an acute angle d with the horizontal ground. The angle d ranges from 25° to 45°, with a preferred angle of 30°. This angle allows the jujubes sufficient time to slide for a third screening and allows them to slide smoothly into the jujube collection frame, avoiding waste. End impact damage; the baffle 74 is located in front of the fan 72 and welded to the cleaning and collection device mounting frame 71, which makes the airflow generated by the fan evenly distributed after it passes over; the detachable frame 76 is located at the lower rear of the discharge screen 73 and is fixed to the cleaning and collection device mounting frame 71 by bolts. When the suspended jujube harvester turns, it can be removed to enhance the passability of the suspended jujube harvester. When the suspended jujube harvester is operating in a straight line, the empty jujube collection frame is placed on the detachable frame 76. When the jujube collection frame is full, it is removed and replaced with another empty jujube collection frame.

[0020] like Figure 7 As shown, the transmission system 2 includes a T-type gearbox 21, a reduction system 22, and an acceleration system 23. The suspended jujube harvester is operated by being pulled by a small tractor and moving forward with it. The power output from the tractor's rear output shaft is transmitted to the transmission system 2, and then through the T-type gearbox 21 to the reduction system 22 and the acceleration system 23 respectively. One path is decelerated by the reduction system 22 and transmitted to the material feeding device 5 and the lifting and screening device 6. The other path is accelerated by the acceleration system 23 and transmitted to the blower 72 in the cleaning and collection device 7.

[0021] like Figure 8As shown, the overall length of the suspended jujube harvester is optimized to 2.03 meters, controlled within 2.1 meters. The reasons are as follows: First, an excessively long machine would reduce the equipment's maneuverability when turning at the edge of the field, affecting operational efficiency; second, it facilitates transportation for jujube farmers between the field and their homes; and third, it reduces the overall sales and transportation costs of the machine. The detachable frame 76 is used to hold the jujube collection frame commonly used by jujube farmers. Considering that the height of the jujube collection frame is usually 30cm and the bottom of the frame is 3cm away from the horizontal ground, the height of the detachable frame 76 is designed to be 32cm. The lifting and screening device 6 forms an angle α with the horizontal ground, preferably 21°. This ensures that the jujube leaf mixture is lifted on the lifting and screening device 6 without making the horizontal length of the lifting and screening device 6 (hereinafter referred to as L1) too long, thus affecting the overall length of the machine. The angle α ranges from 15° to 45°. When the angle α is greater than 45°, it is difficult to lift the jujube leaf mixture on the lifting and screening device 6. The jujube leaf mixture will slide freely under its own weight, affecting the lifting of the jujube leaf mixture and increasing the damage rate. When the angle α is less than 15°, the horizontal length of the lifting and screening device 6 is too long, thus affecting the overall length of the machine and reducing the overall passability of the machine. Under the same conditions, only the included angle α is reduced from 21 degrees to 15 degrees. Comparing the horizontal length of the lifting and screening device 6, when the included angle α is 21 degrees, L1 is 1587 mm, and when the included angle α is 15 degrees, L1 is 2273 mm, significantly increasing the length. The discharge screen 73 is welded and fixed to the lower middle section of the cleaning and collecting device frame 71 and is perpendicular to the fan 72. Its included angle d with the horizontal ground is preferably 30°, which facilitates the smooth sliding of the jujubes to the collection point. The jujube frame is designed to prevent high-speed impacts while also ensuring the discharge screen 73 is not too long. The included angle d ranges from 25° to 45°. When the included angle d is less than 25°, the discharge screen 73 will be too long, affecting the overall machine length. When the included angle d is greater than 45°, the discharge screen 73 will be too short, resulting in a short sliding distance of the jujube leaf mixture on the screen. Furthermore, a large included angle d causes the jujube leaf mixture to slide down quickly, leading to incomplete cleaning and increased damage from the high-speed impact. In conclusion, the included angles α and d interact and jointly affect the overall machine length.

[0022] The operation process of this invention can be divided into three stages: The first stage is the flexible guided feeding stage. During operation, under the force of the tractor, the shovel plate smoothly cuts into the bottom of the jujube leaf mixture at a 5° entry angle, lifting it up. This angle effectively reduces initial resistance and impact. The jujube leaf mixture then rises along the inclined surface of the sieve plate at a 30° angle to the shovel plate. The slotted soil-removing structure on the sieve plate removes some soil in the early stage of the jujube leaf mixture's movement, significantly reducing the load on subsequent devices. At the same time, the upper set of material-adjusting plates, made of flexible material, rotates backward, guiding the jujube leaf mixture towards the lifting and screening device. The material-adjusting plates adopt a design of three sets of axially alternating and circumferentially cross-distributed plates at 45°, guiding the jujube leaf mixture in a "multiple small amounts" manner. The cross-distribution ensures that the material-adjusting plates are in contact with the material at all times, while the alternating distribution reduces contact with too much material at once and disperses it to the side when there is too much material. This prevents inlet blockage and reduces the impact of forced feeding, thus reducing fruit damage. The guiding effect of the diversion plate and the dispersing effect of the material-adjusting plates work together to achieve uniform, thin-layer, and even feeding of the jujube leaf mixture, laying the foundation for subsequent low-damage operations. The second stage is the flexible lifting and screening stage. The uniformly fed jujube leaf mixture arrives at the lifting and screening device and adheres to the flexible lifting pin sleeve. As the lifting chain rotates, the lifting pin sleeve drives the jujube leaf mixture to move obliquely upward to complete the lifting. To ensure smooth lifting, the outer surface of the lifting pin sleeve has axially evenly distributed arc-shaped grooves to increase friction. The diameter difference between adjacent lifting pin sleeves is 4mm, further increasing friction and lifting force. During the lifting process, the vibration generated by the chain rotation and the gap between the lifting pin sleeves work together to screen the jujube leaf mixture again, further removing mixed jujube leaves, soil, and branches. The lifting and screening device is preferably at an angle of 21° to the horizontal ground, ensuring sufficient lifting capacity while avoiding collision damage caused by the jujube leaf mixture accelerating downward due to gravity due to an excessively large angle. This stage, through the synergy of "flexible bearing" and "vibration screening" mechanisms, simultaneously completes impurity separation and damage control during the lifting process. In the third stage, the cleaning and collection stage, the jujube leaf mixture is lifted to the top of the conveying and screening device and then slides down to the discharge screen of the cleaning and collection device. As it slides down the discharge screen, the mixture undergoes a third screening, separating more jujube leaves, soil, and branches, which are then discharged through the discharge outlet. The discharge screen is at a 30° angle to the horizontal plane, allowing the jujubes to slide smoothly into the collection frame, providing sufficient cleaning time while avoiding damage from high-speed impacts. Simultaneously, the blower generates airflow, which, after being evenly distributed by baffles, blows onto the sliding jujube leaf mixture, separating the lighter leaves and branches, which are then discharged through the discharge outlet. Finally, the jujubes, after multi-stage screening and air separation, slide off the discharge screen and fall into the collection frame, completing the entire harvesting and cleaning process.

[0023] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A suspended jujube harvester, comprising a suspension frame (1), a transmission system (2), and liftable wheels (3), wherein the transmission system (2) is fixed to the upper part of the suspension frame (1) and connected to the PTO output shaft of a tractor for speed adjustment and power transmission; the liftable wheels (3) are fixed to the lower rear section of the suspension frame (1), characterized in that: It also includes a diversion plate (4), a feeding device (5), a lifting and screening device (6), and a cleaning and collecting device (7). The diversion plate (4) is fixed to the lower part of the front section of the suspension frame (1) and is used to guide the jujubes into the lifting and screening device (6). The feeding device (5) is located above the diversion plate (4) and is supported in the middle of the front section of the suspension frame (1) by a bearing assembly. The lifting and screening device (6) is supported in the middle section of the suspension frame (1) by a bearing assembly and forms an angle α with the horizontal ground. Its front part is located in the lower part behind the diversion plate (4). The cleaning and collecting device (7) is fixed to the lower part behind the rear section of the suspension frame (1) and the lifting and screening device (6).

2. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion plate (4) includes a shovel plate (41), a screen plate (42), and a soil removal structure (43). The shovel plate (41) is fixed to the front of the screen plate (42). The surface of the shovel plate (41) forms an angle b with the horizontal ground, and the surface of the shovel plate (41) forms an angle c with the screen plate (42). The screen plate (42) is fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame (1), and the rear of the screen plate (42) is spaced apart from the front of the lifting screening device (6) to form a feeding port. The soil removal structure (43) is evenly distributed on the screen plate (42). The soil removal structure (43) is a slot, through hole, or mesh, used to remove soil.

3. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (5) includes a feeding spindle (51), a feeding plate group (52), feeding plates (53), and a feeding drive wheel (54). Multiple feeding plate groups (52) are fixed on the feeding spindle (51). The feeding plate groups (52) are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the feeding spindle (51) and are phase-shifted in the circumferential direction of the feeding spindle (51). The feeding plate group (52) includes multiple feeding plates (53). The feeding plates (53) are made of flexible material. The feeding drive wheel (54) is fixed on one side of the feeding spindle (51) and connected to the transmission system (2) to drive the feeding spindle (51) to rotate.

4. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and screening device (6) includes a lifting drive shaft (60), a lifting driven shaft (61), a lifting chain (62), a lifting pin shaft (63), a lifting pin shaft sleeve (64), a lifting main sprocket (65), a lifting driven sprocket (66), a lifting drive wheel (67), a lifting tension wheel (68), and a baffle (69). The lifting drive shaft (60) is fixed to the upper rear section of the suspension frame (1) by a bearing seat; the lifting driven shaft (61) is fixed to the lower front section of the suspension frame (1) by a bearing seat; there is a pair of lifting main sprockets (65), which are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lifting drive shaft (60); there is a pair of lifting driven sprockets (66), which are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the lifting driven shaft (61); the lifting drive wheel (67) is fixed to one end of the lifting drive shaft (60) and connected to the transmission system (2) to drive the lifting drive shaft (60) to rotate. The number of lifting chains (62) is one pair, which are respectively engaged on the lifting main sprocket (65) and the lifting slave sprocket (66) on both sides; the lifting tension wheel (68) is set on the non-engaging side of the lifting chain (62) and is installed on the suspension frame (1) through the tensioning mechanism to tension the lifting chain (62); a number of lifting pins (63) are arranged parallel between the two lifting chains (62), and each lifting pin (63) is fitted with a lifting pin sleeve (64). The two ends of the lifting pin (63) are respectively fixed in the corresponding pin holes of the two lifting chains (62); the baffle (69) is made of flexible material and is fixed on the suspension frame (1). Its lower edge is spaced from the moving lifting chain (62) to prevent material jamming.

5. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impurity collection device (7) includes a cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71), a blower (72), a discharge screen (73), a baffle plate (74), an discharge air outlet (75), a detachable frame (76), and a discharge port (77). The cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71) is fixed to the rear section of the suspension frame (1) and the lower rear part of the lifting screening device (6). The blower (72) is located in the middle of one side of the cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71) and is fixed on the blower base at the tail of the suspension frame (1). The discharge screen (73) is fixed to the lower middle section of the cleaning and collection device fixing frame (71), and its mesh arrangement direction is perpendicular to the air outlet direction of the blower (72) and perpendicular to the horizontal. The ground forms an angle d, the angle of which is between 25° and 45°; the baffle (74) is located in front of the fan (72) and fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71) for uniform airflow distribution; the vent (75) is located in front of the baffle (74) and fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71); the detachable frame (76) is located below the outlet of the discharge screen (73) for collecting red dates and is detachably fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71); the vent (77) is located below the discharge screen (73) and fixed to the cleaning and collection device frame (71) for discharging the impurities screened out by the discharge screen (73).

6. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle α ranges from 15° to 45°.

7. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle b ranges from 5° to 10°; the included angle c ranges from 25° to 45°.

8. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting pin bushing (64) is made of flexible material. The gap between adjacent lifting pin bushings (64) is less than 10 mm. The outer diameter of the lifting pin bushing (64) is provided in two sizes, large and small, and they are arranged alternately along the movement direction of the lifting chain (62). The diameter of adjacent lifting pin bushings (64) differs by 2 to 7 mm to increase friction. The diameter of the lifting pin bushing (64) is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the outer chain plate of the lifting chain (62), and the outer surface of the lifting pin bushing (64) is provided with axially uniformly distributed arc-shaped grooves.

9. The suspended jujube harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission system (2) includes a T-type gearbox (21), a reduction system (22) and an acceleration system (23). The suspended jujube harvester operates by being suspended and pulled by a small tractor and traveling in the forward direction. The power output from the rear output shaft of the tractor is transmitted to the transmission system (2). The power is split through the T-type gearbox (21). One path is reduced by the reduction system (22) and then transmitted to the material feeding device (5) and the lifting and screening device (6). The other path is accelerated by the acceleration system (23) and then transmitted to the blower (72) in the cleaning and collection device (7).

Images