Radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device, application system and monitoring method
By identifying effective breathing patterns through multiple sensors and intelligent systems and adaptively adjusting training objectives, the comfort and feedback delay issues of existing radiotherapy breathing training equipment have been resolved, enabling the quantification of training quality and radiotherapy support.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing radiotherapy breathing training equipment has difficulty distinguishing between effective and ineffective breathing, cannot quantify training quality, and the training results are difficult to directly serve radiotherapy. Furthermore, it suffers from poor comfort, delayed feedback, and hygiene issues.
Employing a breathing mask, wearable monitoring belt, multiple sensor modules, and a central processing and communication module, it identifies effective training patterns and adaptively adjusts training objectives through multi-dimensional feature extraction and individualized reference templates, while combining smart terminals and cloud platforms for data management and feedback.
It enables objective evaluation and adaptive optimization of training quality, improves the reliability of training effects and radiotherapy accuracy, and reduces problems such as patient intolerance and poor cooperation.
Smart Images
Figure CN122096765A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device, application system and monitoring method for respiratory gating, breath-holding training and pre-treatment respiratory status in radiotherapy. Background Technology
[0002] Radiotherapy is one of the core treatment methods for thoracic and abdominal tumors (such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer). Target displacement caused by respiratory movements is a key factor affecting the accuracy of radiotherapy. To achieve respiratory movement management, techniques such as deep inspiratory breath-holding (DIBH), end-expiratory breath-holding, and respiratory gating have been developed in clinical practice. The effective application of these techniques highly depends on the patient's ability to accurately and repeatedly perform specific breathing movements. Therefore, respiratory training before treatment is an important part of radiotherapy preparation.
[0003] Existing equipment and protocols for respiratory training in radiotherapy have many shortcomings and are difficult to meet actual clinical needs.
[0004] Some portable training devices based on breathing belts monitor changes in abdominal volume using only a single training belt, making it impossible to distinguish breathing patterns or monitor changes in patient position. This can easily lead to patients engaging in "breathing cheating" behaviors such as substituting chest breathing for deep abdominal breathing or shrugging their shoulders and holding their breath, resulting in ineffective training.
[0005] Some devices are mouth-mounted airflow monitoring devices that monitor the airflow volume of the mouth and nose through turbines or pressure sensors. Not only are they uncomfortable to wear, causing patients to feel a foreign body sensation and fear, but they are also prone to monitoring failure due to air leakage. In addition, there are additional hygiene issues.
[0006] In addition, existing training methods suffer from delayed and unintuitive feedback, lack of intelligent management and analysis, and medical staff cannot view patient training data. The evaluation of training effectiveness relies on subjective observation, making it difficult to objectively judge the quality of training and to detect patients' anxiety or intolerance in a timely manner. Ultimately, this leads to poor patient cooperation during formal radiotherapy, affecting the accuracy of radiotherapy. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device, application system, and monitoring method to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as single sensing, difficulty in distinguishing between effective and ineffective breathing, inability to quantify training quality, and difficulty in directly applying training results to radiotherapy. The various technical effects of the preferred solutions among the many technical solutions provided by this invention are detailed below.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0009] A radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device includes a respiratory mask, a wearable monitoring belt, a first sensor module, a second sensor module, a third sensor module, and a central processing and communication module. The breathing mask is worn on the patient's face to monitor the patient's tidal volume, and the wearable monitoring strap is worn close to the patient's chest and / or upper abdomen. The first sensor module is located inside the breathing mask and is used to collect respiratory airflow signals to obtain respiratory phase, inhalation / exhalation duration and breath-holding start and end points. It is suitable for breast radiotherapy patients who are undergoing deep inhalation breath-holding training and liver radiotherapy patients who are undergoing end-expiration breath-holding training. The second sensor module is mounted on the wearable monitoring band. The second sensor module includes a chest motion sampling unit and an abdominal motion sampling unit, which are used to acquire the amplitude of chest motion and the amplitude of abdominal motion, respectively. It is suitable for patients undergoing lung radiotherapy. The third sensor module is worn on the patient's wrist and fingertips to monitor the patient's basic vital signs; The central processing communication module is communicatively connected to the first sensor module, the second sensor module, and the third sensor module. It is used to perform time synchronization and fusion analysis on the data collected by the first sensor module, the second sensor module, and the third sensor module, extract multidimensional features related to breathing training, establish a patient-individualized reference template, calculate at least one of the abdominal dominance index, breath-holding stability index, and rhythm repeatability index, and output effective training status, ineffective training mode categories, and suggested parameters related to radiotherapy gating or breath-holding threshold settings.
[0010] Preferably, the first sensor module is an ultra-low temperature capacity meter sensor; The first sensor module determines the respiratory phase based on the temperature difference, CO2 concentration difference, or combination thereof between the inspiratory and expiratory phases, and identifies the start and end points of breath-holding by combining the duration of the signal plateau segment during the breath-holding phase.
[0011] Preferably, the second sensor module includes flexible strain sensors and / or inertial measurement units partitioned in the chest and abdominal regions; The chest motion sampling unit and the abdominal motion sampling unit can be implemented by the flexible strain sensor, the inertial measurement unit, or a combination thereof, respectively; The chest motion sampling unit is used to characterize the chest wall rise and fall caused by thoracic breathing, and the abdominal motion sampling unit is used to characterize the abdominal wall rise and fall caused by abdominal breathing.
[0012] Preferably, the central processing communication module includes an individualized reference template establishment unit. The individualized reference template establishment unit is used to extract the target inspiratory amplitude, target breath-holding duration, chest and abdominal movement ratio, breath-holding plateau fluctuation range, and posture stability range from several training rounds during the initial calibration training phase of the patient, and establish an individualized reference template for the patient accordingly. Subsequent training rounds are matched with the individualized reference template establishment unit to evaluate the training quality. The central processing communication module further includes an invalid training mode identification unit, which is used to identify one or more of the following invalid training modes based on the fusion signals of the first sensor module and the second sensor module: chest compensation type, shoulder shrug compensation type, short-term pseudo-breath-holding type and rhythm inconsistency type, and trigger corresponding correction prompts or warning signals according to the identified invalid training modes. The central processing communication module also includes a training target adaptive adjustment unit, which is used to dynamically adjust at least one of the target inspiratory amplitude, target breath-holding duration, cue rhythm, rest interval and feedback intensity for the next training round based on the achievement rate, breath-holding stability and patient intolerance of the most recent preset number of training rounds.
[0013] A radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training application system includes an external intelligent terminal, a cloud data management platform, and the aforementioned radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device; The external smart terminal is equipped with a breathing training application. The breathing training application is used to receive the evaluation results output by the central processing communication module, and to call the corresponding training template, evaluation threshold and feedback strategy according to at least one clinical scenario in breast cancer deep inhalation and breath-holding, liver breath-holding, lung free breathing gating or stereotactic radiotherapy free breathing tracking. The cloud-based data management platform communicates with external smart terminals to store training data, generate training compliance reports, and output the judgment results on whether the patient has reached the preset pre-radiotherapy training achievement standards. The cloud-based data management platform can set up nurse workstations to view and analyze training data.
[0014] Preferably, the breathing training application generates a comprehensive training effectiveness score based on at least two of the abdominal dominance index, breath-holding stability index, and rhythm repetition index, and generates at least one output information related to the gating window width, breath-holding trigger interval, number of qualified training rounds, or pre-treatment review recommendations when the comprehensive training effectiveness score continuously reaches a preset threshold.
[0015] Preferably, it also includes a visual feedback module, a voice feedback module, and / or a tactile vibration feedback module; The visual feedback module, the voice feedback module, and / or the tactile vibration feedback module can all invoke differentiated correction strategies based on the identified ineffective training patterns: for chest-compensation patterns, prompting the abdomen to lead the inhalation; for shoulder-shrugging compensatory patterns, prompting the relaxation of the shoulders and the maintenance of upper chest stability; and for short-term pseudo-breath-holding patterns, prompting the extension of the platform holding time.
[0016] A method for monitoring respiratory synchronization training during radiotherapy, applied to the aforementioned radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device, is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1 collects the patient's respiratory airflow-related signals, chest movement signals, and abdominal movement signals, and performs time synchronization on the multi-source signals; S2, establish individualized reference templates for patients during the initial calibration training phase; S3, based on the synchronized multi-source signals, extract at least one of the following: respiratory phase features, chest and abdominal movement amplitude ratio features, breath-holding plateau fluctuation features, and rhythm repetitive features; S4, calculate at least one of the abdominal dominance index, breath-holding stability index and rhythm repeatability index based on the features extracted in step S3. S5. Based on the index calculated in step S4, identify the categories of effective training states and ineffective training modes, and output real-time correction prompts. S6 updates the training objective based on the results of several consecutive training rounds and generates suggested parameters related to the radiotherapy gating window, breath-hold trigger threshold, or pre-treatment training achievement criteria.
[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the abdominal dominance index is used to characterize the proportion of abdominal movement in the overall chest and abdominal movement, the breath-hold stability index is used to characterize the plateau fluctuation and plateau duration during the breath-hold phase, and the rhythm repeatability index is used to characterize the consistency of the breathing cycle and the consistency of the target inspiratory depth between adjacent training rounds.
[0018] Preferably, in step S6, if the comprehensive training effectiveness score of several consecutive rounds of training reaches a preset threshold, the corresponding training data is marked as qualified training data that can be used for pre-treatment assessment; if the comprehensive training effectiveness score is lower than the preset threshold, the corresponding training data is marked as data that needs to be trained again or manually reviewed, and the corresponding reason is output simultaneously.
[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) By combining the acquisition of chest movement, abdominal movement and respiratory phase signals, this invention can elevate the judgment level from "whether to breathe" to "whether to breathe effectively", which helps to identify ineffective training behaviors that are difficult to identify by a single breathing zone, such as chest compensation and shoulder shrugging.
[0020] (2) By establishing an individualized reference template for patients and using the core features of breath-holding plateau fluctuation, chest-abdomen ratio and rhythm repeatability for quantitative evaluation, this invention can provide a repeatable objective evaluation of training quality, without relying on the subjective experience judgment of nursing staff.
[0021] (3) By adaptively adjusting the training rhythm, target inhalation amplitude and target breath-holding duration, the present invention can automatically optimize the training process based on the patient’s recent performance, improve patient compliance and reduce intolerance caused by unreasonable training goals.
[0022] (4) The present invention associates the training results with the radiotherapy gating window, the breath-holding trigger threshold and the pre-treatment training achievement criteria, thereby upgrading the device from a simple training device to a dedicated auxiliary system that can serve the decision support of the radiotherapy process. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the wearable monitoring belt according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the breathing mask according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit structure diagram of the central processing communication module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the third sensor module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training application system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training monitoring method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
[0025] 1. Wearable monitoring belt in the figure; 2. First sensor module; 3. Second sensor module; 4. Central processing communication module; 41. Microprocessor; 42. Wireless communication unit; 43. Time synchronization unit; 44. Feature extraction unit; 45. Individualized reference template establishment unit; 46. Invalid training pattern identification unit; 47. Training target adaptive adjustment unit; 48. Training quality quantitative evaluation unit; 5. External smart terminal; 6. Cloud-based data management platform 7. Third sensor module; 8. Breathing mask. Detailed Implementation
[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "side," "length," "width," "height," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and "side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the appendix. Figure 1 The orientations or positional relationships shown are for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0028] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0029] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 This embodiment provides a radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device, including a breathing mask 8, a wearable monitoring belt 1, a first sensor module 2, a second sensor module 3, a third sensor module 7, and a central processing and communication module 4. The components work together to achieve accurate acquisition, processing, and analysis of multi-source respiratory-related signals, providing precise support for respiratory synchronization training.
[0030] The breathing mask 8 is based on the structure of existing clinical breathing masks and can also monitor the patient's tidal volume at the same time.
[0031] The wearable monitoring band 1 is preferably made of flexible fabric or flexible composite material and fits snugly on the patient's chest and / or upper abdomen. It is specially designed with chest sampling area and abdominal sampling area. This design can obtain chest and abdominal movement information at the same time without significantly increasing the burden on the patient, avoiding the drawback of a single sampling area being unable to distinguish between chest and abdominal breathing.
[0032] Unlike traditional breathing bands with a single location, the wearable monitoring band 1 mentioned in this embodiment uses a partitioned design to lay the foundation for subsequent chest and abdominal movement ratio analysis.
[0033] The first sensor module 2 is located inside the breathing mask 8. Its core function is to collect signals of changes in breathing airflow temperature and / or changes in exhaled components, thereby accurately obtaining the breathing phase, inhalation / exhalation duration, and the start and end points of breath-holding.
[0034] The first sensor module 2 is mainly applicable to breast radiotherapy patients undergoing deep inhalation and breath-holding training, and liver radiotherapy patients undergoing end-expiratory breath-holding training.
[0035] As an optional implementation, the first sensor module 2 is an ultra-low temperature capacity meter sensor. Its working principle is to determine the respiratory phase based on the temperature difference, CO2 concentration difference or their combination difference corresponding to the inhalation and exhalation phases, and to identify the start and end points of breath-holding by combining the duration of the signal plateau segment during the breath-holding phase, so as to ensure the accuracy of respiratory phase judgment and the timeliness of breath-holding recognition.
[0036] The second sensor module 3 is also mounted on the wearable monitoring band 1, including a chest motion sampling unit and an abdominal motion sampling unit, which are used to acquire the amplitude of chest motion and the amplitude of abdominal motion, respectively.
[0037] The chest motion sampling unit and the abdominal motion sampling unit can be implemented by a flexible strain sensor, an inertial measurement unit, or a combination thereof.
[0038] Among them, the chest motion sampling unit is used to characterize the chest wall rise and fall caused by thoracic breathing, and the abdominal motion sampling unit is used to characterize the abdominal wall rise and fall caused by abdominal breathing.
[0039] In this embodiment, the second sensor module 3 covers at least the chest region and the abdominal region, thereby obtaining the ratio of chest and abdominal movement and accurately determining whether the patient mainly uses abdominal deep breathing or chest compensatory breathing, providing key data for subsequent training quality assessment.
[0040] The second sensor module 3 is used in conjunction with the first sensor module 2 and is mainly suitable for patients undergoing lung radiotherapy.
[0041] The first sensor module 2 preferably adopts the ultra-low temperature capacity meter sensor developed by Professor Xu Junguo's team at Shenzhen University, which has a temperature resolution of 0.016℃ and a response time of 10.3ms.
[0042] The cryogenic temperature sensor captures respiratory rate, inhalation / exhalation duration, and breath-holding start and end points by sensing temperature changes in the respiratory airflow. It also helps determine breathing patterns (such as deep breathing versus shallow, rapid breathing) by sensing the temperature difference between exhaled and exhaled air. By using the cryogenic temperature sensor, traditional, bulky mouthpieces or nasal cannulas can be replaced, greatly improving comfort.
[0043] The inertial measurement unit preferably adopts a MEMS inertial measurement unit, which includes an accelerometer and a gyroscope. It can be used to monitor the amplitude of the rise and fall of the patient's chest and abdomen and respiratory rate in real time, while capturing changes in the patient's body position, such as twisting and shrugging.
[0044] The MEMS inertial measurement unit integrates IMU and temperature sensor data through algorithms, which can effectively distinguish between deep abdominal breathing and ineffective chest breathing, and issue an alarm when the patient twists their body due to shortness of breath, ensuring the purity of the training.
[0045] Flexible strain sensors can directly measure breathing amplitude by monitoring the deformation of fabric strips.
[0046] The third sensor module 7 is worn on the patient's wrist and fingertips to monitor the patient's basic vital signs, which mainly include blood oxygen and pulse. In each breathing training mode, the third sensor module 7 is preferred to be used in conjunction with the patient to effectively monitor basic vital signs and avoid conditions such as cerebral hypoxia, blood pressure fluctuations, and respiratory alkalosis, which is more scientific.
[0047] The central processing communication module 4 is connected to the first sensor module 2, the second sensor module 3 and the third sensor module 7. It is the core control and processing unit of the entire device. The central processing communication module 4 integrates a microprocessor 41, a wireless communication unit 42, a time synchronization unit 43, a feature extraction unit 44, an individualized reference template establishment unit 45, an invalid training pattern recognition unit 46, a training target adaptive adjustment unit 47 and a training quality quantitative evaluation unit 48.
[0048] The wireless communication unit 42 can use Bluetooth, WiFi or other low-power wireless communication methods to send the training results to an external smart terminal 5 or a cloud data management platform 6.
[0049] The time synchronization unit 43 is used to synchronize the data collected by the first sensor module 2, the second sensor module 3 and the third sensor module 7 in time, so as to ensure that the multi-source signals are analyzed on the same time axis.
[0050] The feature extraction unit 44 is used to extract multidimensional features related to breathing training, including but not limited to the ratio of chest and abdominal movement amplitude, the amount of fluctuation in the breath-holding plateau, the length of the respiratory cycle, the difference in inspiratory depth between adjacent rounds, and the amount of posture deviation.
[0051] The function of the individualized reference template establishment unit 45 is to extract the target inspiratory amplitude, target breath-holding duration, chest and abdominal movement ratio, breath-holding plateau fluctuation range, and postural stability range from several training rounds during the initial calibration training phase of the patient, and establish an individualized reference template for the patient based on this. In subsequent training rounds, by matching the current training data with the individualized reference template, the repeatability, stability, and applicability of the training for pre-radiotherapy preparation can be evaluated, thereby achieving a personalized assessment of training quality.
[0052] The invalid training pattern identification unit 46 is used to identify a variety of invalid training patterns based on the fused signals of the first sensor module 2, the second sensor module 3 and the third sensor module 7, specifically including one or more of the following: chest compensation type, shoulder shrug compensation type, short-term pseudo-breath-holding type and rhythm inconsistency type.
[0053] Among them, when the proportion of chest movement is significantly higher than that of abdominal movement, it can be identified as chest-type compensatory type.
[0054] When the upper chest is raised, the shoulders are raised momentarily, or there is a sudden change in posture angle, it can be identified as a compensatory shoulder shrug.
[0055] When the duration of breath-holding is insufficient but the patient attempts to reach the interface target through brief breath-holding or rapid breathing, it can be identified as short-duration pseudo-breath-holding.
[0056] When the period and amplitude fluctuations between adjacent cycles are too large, it can be identified as a rhythm inconsistency type.
[0057] After identifying an invalid training pattern, the invalid training pattern identification unit 46 will trigger a corresponding correction prompt or warning signal based on the specific type.
[0058] The training target adaptive adjustment unit 47 is used to dynamically adjust at least one of the target inspiratory amplitude, target breath-holding duration, cue rhythm, rest interval and feedback intensity for the next training round based on the achievement rate, breath-holding stability and patient intolerance of the most recent preset number of training rounds, in order to improve training compliance and training effectiveness.
[0059] For example, when a patient fails to reach the target breath-holding time for several consecutive rounds and the body position fluctuates significantly, the target breath-holding time for the next round can be automatically shortened and the rest interval extended.
[0060] When patients consistently achieve the target for multiple rounds, the target breath-holding duration can be gradually increased or the acceptable plateau fluctuation range can be narrowed.
[0061] The training quality quantitative assessment unit 48 is used to calculate at least one of the abdominal dominance index, breath-holding stability index, and rhythm repetition index, so as to achieve objective evaluation of training quality through quantitative indicators.
[0062] The abdominal dominance index is used to evaluate the degree of dominance of abdominal movement in overall respiratory movement. The higher the value, the greater the degree of dominance of abdominal breathing.
[0063] The breath-hold stability index is used to evaluate the stability and persistence of plateau fluctuations during the breath-hold phase.
[0064] The rhythm repeatability index is used to evaluate rhythm consistency across multiple training rounds, specifically characterizing the consistency of respiratory cycles and target inspiratory depth between adjacent training rounds.
[0065] The Abdominal Dominance Index quantifies the degree of dominance of abdominal breathing in a patient's respiratory pattern. It is calculated from the amplitudes of chest and abdominal movements collected by the second sensor module. Within a complete respiratory cycle, the average amplitudes of the chest and abdominal movement signals are calculated separately. The Abdominal Dominance Index is the ratio of the average amplitude of abdominal movement to the sum of the average amplitudes of chest and abdominal movements. The index ranges from 0 to 1; a value closer to 1 indicates a higher proportion of abdominal breathing, while a value closer to 0 indicates a higher proportion of chest breathing.
[0066] The breath-hold stability index is used to assess the movement stability of a patient during breath-holding. The central processing and communication module, based on the start and end points of breath-holding identified by the first sensor module, captures chest or abdominal movement signals during the breath-holding period, calculates the mean and standard deviation of the signals for that period, and normalizes the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean to obtain the breath-hold stability index. This index ranges from 0 to 1; a value closer to 1 indicates smaller postural fluctuations and better breath-hold stability during breath-holding, while a value further away indicates poorer stability.
[0067] The rhythm repeatability index is used to evaluate the rhythm consistency and repeatability of multiple consecutive respiratory cycles. Characteristic parameters such as cycle duration and respiratory amplitude are extracted from multiple consecutive respiratory cycles. The coefficient of variation for each parameter is calculated, and the multiple coefficients of variation are weighted, averaged, and normalized to obtain the rhythm repeatability index. The index ranges from 0 to 1; a value closer to 1 indicates a more regular respiratory rhythm and better cycle repeatability, while a value lower than 1 indicates a disordered respiratory rhythm and poor consistency.
[0068] The above indicators can be used individually or combined according to preset weights to generate a comprehensive training effectiveness score. For example, the comprehensive training effectiveness score can be expressed as: Q = w1 × Dabd + w2 × Bhold + w3 × Rrep - w4 × Pdrift; where Dabd represents the abdominal posture dominance related quantity, Bhold represents the breath-holding stability related quantity, Rrep represents the rhythm repetition related quantity, Pdrift represents the positional drift related quantity, and w1 to w4 are non-negative weights. Through this scoring mechanism, the patient's training results can be quantified into comparable and traceable objective data.
[0069] Example 2 Reference Figure 5 This embodiment provides a radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training application system, including an external smart terminal 5, a cloud data management platform 6, and the radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device in the above embodiment 1. The three work together to achieve scenario-based adaptation, data management, and precise feedback in the training process.
[0070] The external smart terminal 5 can be a patient's own smartphone, tablet, or dedicated handheld terminal. Its core function is to execute training templates for different clinical scenarios and it is equipped with a breathing training application.
[0071] The breathing training application receives the evaluation results output by the central processing communication module 4 and, based on at least one clinical scenario, such as deep inhalation and breath-holding in breast cancer, breath-holding in the liver, lung free breathing gating, or free breathing tracking in stereotactic radiotherapy, calls the corresponding training template, evaluation threshold, and feedback strategy.
[0072] Unlike general-purpose breathing training software, the breathing training application mentioned in this embodiment has been specifically optimized for different radiotherapy clinical scenarios.
[0073] For example, in the case of deep inhalation and breath-holding in breast cancer patients, the system places greater emphasis on the target inhalation depth, the stability of the breath-holding platform, and the repetitiveness of multiple rounds.
[0074] For scenarios involving breath-holding in the liver or pancreas, the system places greater emphasis on the duration of breath-holding and postural stability.
[0075] For scenarios involving gated free breathing in the lungs or free breathing tracking in stereotactic radiotherapy, the system places greater emphasis on periodic regularity, phase consistency, and suppression of abnormal fluctuations.
[0076] As an optional implementation, the breathing training application generates a comprehensive training effectiveness score based on at least two of the abdominal dominance index, breath-hold stability index, and rhythm repetition index. When the comprehensive training effectiveness score continuously reaches a preset threshold, it generates at least one output information related to the gating window width, breath-hold trigger interval, number of qualified training rounds, or pre-treatment review recommendations to provide a reference for subsequent radiotherapy procedures.
[0077] The cloud-based data management platform 6 communicates with the external smart terminal 5 and is mainly used to store training records, display trend charts, and output the judgment results on whether the pre-radiotherapy training qualification conditions have been met.
[0078] Meanwhile, the cloud-based data management platform 6 can set up nurse workstations, allowing medical staff to log in via computer or mobile phone to view training data for all patients in the department, single training achievement rates, and respiratory pattern trend graphs, etc.
[0079] The cloud-based data management platform 6 receives and stores training data from each session, generating training compliance reports, trend charts, and lists of abnormal events. It not only displays the number of training sessions and the achievement rate but also provides judgment results related to radiotherapy preparation, such as "the training standards for breast DIBH treatment have been met," "further training is recommended before simulation positioning," or "it is recommended to decide whether to use gated treatment after manual review," providing comprehensive training data support for medical staff.
[0080] By building a nurse workstation through the cloud data management platform 6, the remote reception, storage, and automated analysis of patient training data can be achieved, and training compliance reports can be automatically generated. Medical staff can efficiently manage the training process of multiple patients, quickly identify key intervention targets, and realize the closed loop of training data between "home-hospital" and "nurse-patient" management, thereby improving the overall management efficiency of radiotherapy respiratory training and providing effective assurance for the accuracy of subsequent formal radiotherapy.
[0081] As an optional implementation, the application system also includes a visual feedback module, a voice feedback module, and / or a tactile vibration feedback module.
[0082] The visual feedback module, voice feedback module, and / or tactile vibration feedback module can all invoke differentiated correction strategies based on the identified ineffective training patterns, ensuring the relevance and effectiveness of the correction prompts.
[0083] For chest-compensation type, the suggestion is to primarily inhale through the abdomen; for shoulder-shrugging compensatory type, the suggestion is to relax the shoulders and keep the upper chest stable; for short-term pseudo-breath-holding type, the suggestion is to extend the time of holding the plateau.
[0084] It's worth noting that the visual feedback module also incorporates the patient's real-time breathing characteristics, presenting a dynamic animated interface that matches the breathing rhythm. Specifically, during inhalation, the interface displays an animation of a flower slowly blooming, with the blooming amplitude directly proportional to the depth of the patient's inhalation—the deeper the inhalation, the more fully the flower blooms. During exhalation, the flower gradually closes in sync with the exhalation rhythm, maintaining a stable, fully bloomed state during the breath-holding phase. This intuitive and vivid visual feedback helps patients more clearly perceive their own breathing rhythm, enhancing the enjoyment and compliance of the training.
[0085] Correspondingly, the nurse workstation can view the patient's basic information, basic vital signs, number of training sessions, training mode, and training effect.
[0086] The radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training application system can output parameter suggestions related to the width of the radiotherapy gate window, the breath-holding trigger interval, pre-treatment review suggestions, or training achievement criteria based on the results of several consecutive qualified training sessions. This allows the training results to further support clinicians in developing more appropriate respiratory management strategies.
[0087] Example 3 Reference Figure 6 This embodiment provides a method for monitoring respiratory synchronization training in radiotherapy, applied to the radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device of Embodiment 1 above, specifically including the following steps: S1 collects the patient's respiratory airflow related signals, chest movement signals, and abdominal movement signals, and performs time synchronization on the multi-source signals to obtain multi-source training data under a unified time axis.
[0088] Specifically, the first sensor module 2 collects respiratory airflow temperature change signals and / or expiratory component change signals, the second sensor module 3's sampling unit collects chest movement amplitude and abdominal movement amplitude respectively, and the central processing communication module 4's time synchronization unit 43 performs time calibration on all collected signals to ensure the consistency of multi-source data timing, laying the foundation for subsequent feature extraction and analysis.
[0089] S2, establishes individualized reference templates for patients during the initial calibration training phase.
[0090] Specifically, the individualized reference template establishment unit 45 selects several high-quality training data from the first N training rounds to achieve the target as template construction data, extracts the target inspiratory amplitude, target breath-holding duration, chest and abdominal movement ratio, breath-holding plateau fluctuation range, and postural stability range, and establishes an individualized reference template for the patient based on this. Subsequent training rounds are compared with this template to determine whether the repeatability requirements for radiotherapy have been met.
[0091] S3, based on the synchronized multi-source signals, extract at least one of the following: respiratory phase features, chest and abdominal movement amplitude ratio features, breath-holding plateau fluctuation features, and rhythm repetitive features.
[0092] Specifically, the feature extraction unit 44 of the central processing communication module 4 extracts core features related to the quality of breathing training from the synchronized multi-source data. These features are the core basis for subsequent quantitative evaluation and pattern recognition.
[0093] S4. Calculate at least one of the following based on the features extracted in step S3: abdominal dominance index, breath-holding stability index, and rhythm repetition index, and further generate a comprehensive training effectiveness score.
[0094] Specifically, the abdominal dominance index is used to characterize the proportion of abdominal movement in the overall chest and abdominal movement, the breath-hold stability index is used to characterize the plateau fluctuation and plateau duration during the breath-hold phase, and the rhythm repeatability index is used to characterize the consistency of the breathing cycle and the consistency of the target inspiratory depth between adjacent training rounds.
[0095] The comprehensive training effectiveness score can be calculated using a preset weighting formula to achieve a quantitative assessment of training quality.
[0096] S5. Based on the index calculated in step S4, identify the categories of effective training states and ineffective training modes, and output real-time correction prompts.
[0097] Specifically, the calculated quantitative indices are compared with individualized reference templates and / or preset thresholds to determine whether the current training round is in an effective training state or an ineffective training mode.
[0098] The criteria for identifying invalid training patterns here are: when the proportion of chest movement is significantly higher than that of abdominal movement, it is identified as chest-type compensatory training.
[0099] When the upper chest is raised, the shoulders are raised momentarily, or there is a sudden change in posture angle, it is identified as a compensatory shoulder shrug.
[0100] When the breath-holding platform duration is insufficient but the patient attempts to reach the interface target through brief breath-holding or rapid breathing, it is identified as a short-term pseudo-breath-holding type.
[0101] When the periodicity and amplitude fluctuations between adjacent cycles are too large, it is identified as a rhythm inconsistency type.
[0102] After identifying a specific pattern, the feedback module outputs corresponding real-time correction prompts.
[0103] S6 updates the training objective based on the results of several consecutive training rounds and generates suggested parameters related to the radiotherapy gating window, breath-hold trigger threshold, or pre-treatment training achievement criteria.
[0104] Specifically, the training target adaptive adjustment unit 47 dynamically adjusts the relevant target parameters for the next round of training based on the achievement rate, breath-holding stability, and patient intolerance in the most recent preset number of training rounds.
[0105] Meanwhile, if the overall training effectiveness score of several consecutive rounds of training reaches a preset threshold, the corresponding training data will be marked as qualified training data that can be used for pre-treatment assessment.
[0106] If the overall training effectiveness score is lower than the preset threshold, the corresponding training data will be marked as data that needs to be trained or manually reviewed, and the corresponding reasons will be output simultaneously to provide clear training guidance for medical staff and patients.
[0107] Through the above monitoring methods, a closed-loop technical route has been achieved, from respiratory airflow signal acquisition to training quality assessment, individualized correction, and radiotherapy parameter recommendation output. This enables the device to not only be used for home training and in-hospital pre-training, but also to provide objective data support for subsequent radiotherapy procedures.
[0108] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device, characterized in that, It includes a breathing mask, a wearable monitoring strap, a first sensor module, a second sensor module, a third sensor module, and a central processing and communication module; The breathing mask is worn on the patient's face to monitor the patient's tidal volume, and the wearable monitoring strap is worn close to the patient's chest and / or upper abdomen. The first sensor module is located inside the breathing mask and is used to collect respiratory airflow signals to obtain respiratory phase, inhalation / exhalation duration and breath-holding start and end points. It is suitable for breast radiotherapy patients who are undergoing deep inhalation breath-holding training and liver radiotherapy patients who are undergoing end-expiration breath-holding training. The second sensor module is mounted on the wearable monitoring band. The second sensor module includes a chest motion sampling unit and an abdominal motion sampling unit, which are used to acquire the amplitude of chest motion and the amplitude of abdominal motion, respectively. It is suitable for patients undergoing lung radiotherapy. The third sensor module is worn on the patient's wrist and fingertips to monitor the patient's basic vital signs; The central processing communication module is communicatively connected to the first sensor module, the second sensor module, and the third sensor module. It is used to perform time synchronization and fusion analysis on the data collected by the first sensor module, the second sensor module, and the third sensor module, extract multidimensional features related to breathing training, establish a patient-individualized reference template, calculate at least one of the abdominal dominance index, breath-holding stability index, and rhythm repeatability index, and output effective training status, ineffective training mode categories, and suggested parameters related to radiotherapy gating or breath-holding threshold settings.
2. The radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sensor module is an ultra-low temperature capacity meter sensor; The first sensor module determines the respiratory phase based on the temperature difference, CO2 concentration difference, or combination thereof between the inspiratory and expiratory phases, and identifies the start and end points of breath-holding by combining the duration of the signal plateau segment during the breath-holding phase.
3. The radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second sensor module includes flexible strain sensors and / or inertial measurement units partitioned in the chest and abdominal regions; The chest motion sampling unit and the abdominal motion sampling unit can be implemented by the flexible strain sensor, the inertial measurement unit, or a combination thereof, respectively; The chest motion sampling unit is used to characterize the chest wall rise and fall caused by thoracic breathing, and the abdominal motion sampling unit is used to characterize the abdominal wall rise and fall caused by abdominal breathing.
4. The radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central processing communication module includes an individualized reference template establishment unit. The individualized reference template establishment unit is used to extract the target inspiratory amplitude, target breath-holding duration, chest and abdominal movement ratio, breath-holding plateau fluctuation range, and postural stability range from several training rounds during the initial calibration training phase of the patient, and establish an individualized reference template for the patient accordingly. Subsequent training rounds are matched with the individualized reference template establishment unit to evaluate the training quality. The central processing communication module further includes an invalid training mode identification unit, which is used to identify one or more of the following invalid training modes based on the fusion signals of the first sensor module and the second sensor module: chest compensation type, shoulder shrug compensation type, short-term pseudo-breath-holding type and rhythm inconsistency type, and trigger corresponding correction prompts or warning signals according to the identified invalid training modes. The central processing communication module also includes a training target adaptive adjustment unit, which is used to dynamically adjust at least one of the target inspiratory amplitude, target breath-holding duration, cue rhythm, rest interval and feedback intensity for the next training round based on the achievement rate, breath-holding stability and patient intolerance of the most recent preset number of training rounds.
5. A radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training application system, characterized in that, Includes an external smart terminal, a cloud data management platform, and the radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device as described in any one of claims 1-4; The external smart terminal is equipped with a breathing training application. The breathing training application is used to receive the evaluation results output by the central processing communication module, and to call the corresponding training template, evaluation threshold and feedback strategy according to at least one clinical scenario in breast cancer deep inhalation and breath-holding, liver breath-holding, lung free breathing gating or stereotactic radiotherapy free breathing tracking. The cloud-based data management platform communicates with external smart terminals to store training data, generate training compliance reports, and output the judgment results on whether the patient has reached the preset pre-radiotherapy training achievement standards. The cloud-based data management platform can set up nurse workstations to view and analyze training data.
6. The radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training application system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The breathing training application generates a comprehensive training effectiveness score based on at least two of the abdominal dominance index, breath-hold stability index, and rhythm repetition index. When the comprehensive training effectiveness score continuously reaches a preset threshold, it generates at least one output information related to the gating window width, breath-hold trigger interval, number of qualified training rounds, or pre-treatment review recommendations.
7. The radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training application system according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a visual feedback module, a voice feedback module and / or a tactile vibration feedback module; The visual feedback module, the voice feedback module, and / or the tactile vibration feedback module can all invoke differentiated correction strategies based on the identified ineffective training patterns: for chest-compensation patterns, prompting the abdomen to lead the inhalation; for shoulder-shrugging compensatory patterns, prompting the relaxation of the shoulders and the maintenance of upper chest stability; and for short-term pseudo-breath-holding patterns, prompting the extension of the platform holding time.
8. A method for monitoring respiratory synchronization training in radiotherapy, applied to the radiotherapy respiratory synchronization training device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 collects the patient's respiratory airflow-related signals, chest movement signals, and abdominal movement signals, and performs time synchronization on the multi-source signals; S2, establish individualized reference templates for patients during the initial calibration training phase; S3, based on the synchronized multi-source signals, extract at least one of the following: respiratory phase features, chest and abdominal movement amplitude ratio features, breath-holding plateau fluctuation features, and rhythm repetitive features; S4, calculate at least one of the abdominal dominance index, breath-holding stability index and rhythm repeatability index based on the features extracted in step S3. S5. Based on the index calculated in step S4, identify the categories of effective training states and ineffective training modes, and output real-time correction prompts. S6 updates the training objective based on the results of several consecutive training rounds and generates suggested parameters related to the radiotherapy gating window, breath-hold trigger threshold, or pre-treatment training achievement criteria.
9. The method for monitoring respiratory synchronization training during radiotherapy according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the abdominal dominance index is used to characterize the proportion of abdominal movement in the overall chest and abdominal movement, the breath-hold stability index is used to characterize the plateau fluctuation and plateau duration during the breath-hold phase, and the rhythm repeatability index is used to characterize the consistency of the breathing cycle and the consistency of the target inspiratory depth between adjacent training rounds.
10. The method for monitoring respiratory synchronization training during radiotherapy according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S6, if the comprehensive training effectiveness score of several consecutive rounds of training reaches a preset threshold, the corresponding training data will be marked as qualified training data that can be used for pre-treatment assessment. If the overall training effectiveness score is lower than the preset threshold, the corresponding training data will be marked as data that needs to be trained again or manually reviewed, and the corresponding reason will be output simultaneously.