An automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of sowing equipment technology, and more particularly to an automatic sowing device for agricultural breeding trays, comprising a conveyor belt device: above the conveyor belt device, along its conveying direction, are arranged a smoothing strip, a material collection section, a feeding section, a control panel, and a pressing pit section; the conveyor belt device is used to transport the breeding trays thereon. This invention features a water storage chamber inside the rollers of the pressing pit section. Water is precisely delivered to the pressing cone through the capillary action of the seepage rope, and finally seeps out from the water guide holes at the bottom of the outer plate. When the pressing cone presses into the substrate to form a sowing hole, water simultaneously moistens the inner wall and bottom of the hole, ensuring sufficient soil moisture in the seed implantation area before sowing. This avoids the lag of water needing to penetrate layer by layer to reach the seeds, overcomes the water-blocking effect of the hydrophobic layer formed on the dry substrate surface, effectively prevents seed dormancy or seedling death caused by dry spot effect, and significantly improves germination rate and seedling uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sowing equipment technology, and in particular to an automatic sowing device for agricultural breeding trays. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic seeding technology for seedling trays is a key link in realizing factory-scale seedling production. Its core processes usually include substrate filling, pit making, precision sowing, soil covering and compaction, and water spraying and irrigation. Among these, the suitable moisture environment required for seed germination is one of the decisive factors determining the germination rate and seedling uniformity. However, most existing automatic seeding devices generally face the problem of insufficient local humidity in the pits and dry seed implantation environment after completing pit making and sowing operations, which seriously restricts the improvement of seedling quality.

[0003] Currently, mainstream automated seeding lines typically place the irrigation process at the end after sowing and covering with soil, using methods such as overall spraying or soaking trays to humidify the entire seedling substrate. In this operation mode, water needs to penetrate layer by layer from top to bottom, passing through the soil layer and substrate layer before reaching the sowing hole where the seed is located. Because the seedling substrate, especially lightweight materials such as peat moss and coconut coir, has a certain degree of hydrophobicity, the water penetration rate is slow when dry, which easily forms surface runoff or lateral seepage. As a result, the seed implantation area inside the sowing hole is often at a disadvantage in terms of water competition and it is difficult to obtain sufficient soil moisture in a short period of time.

[0004] Existing irrigation methods struggle to overcome the "dry spot effect" of the substrate. Practical experience shows that when a seedling substrate becomes excessively dry in certain areas, a hydrophobic, hardened layer forms on its surface, hindering subsequent irrigation. Even with later spray watering, moisture cannot penetrate evenly into these dry holes; instead, it quickly escapes along the gaps between the substrate and the tray walls or through preferential flow channels, creating localized "dry spots" within the holes. If seeds happen to fall into such areas, they will remain dormant due to insufficient moisture absorption, or wilt and die after germination because their roots cannot penetrate the hardened layer, leading to uneven emergence and frequent gaps in the rows. Therefore, an automatic seeding device for agricultural seed trays is needed to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays includes a conveyor belt system: The conveyor belt equipment is provided with a smoothing bar, a material collection section, a feeding section, a control panel, and a pressing pit section in sequence above it along its conveying direction; The conveyor belt equipment is used to transport the breeding trays on it; The pressure pit includes a support plate and a roller rotatably mounted on the support plate. The roller has a water storage cavity inside. Several cones are arranged around the surface of the roller. An inlet and outlet communicating with the water storage cavity are provided on one side of the roller. An electric air pump for pressurizing the water storage cavity is installed on the side of the roller. The material collection section includes a material collection hopper fixed to the conveyor belt equipment. The bottom end of the material collection hopper is provided with several drainage grooves. A sealing plate for controlling soil leakage is movably installed in the drainage grooves. The feeding part includes a suspension rod suspended above the collecting hopper, and the bottom end of the suspension rod is connected to a support foot for abutting and opening the sealing plate via a hanger. The smoothing strips are used to smooth the soil in the breeding tray; The control panel is used to control the start and stop of various electrical components; A camera detection module for detecting the location of the soil pit in the breeding tray is installed on the outer side of the vertical plate end of the hopper.

[0007] Preferably, the conveyor belt device consists of a frame and a conveyor belt, with the breeding tray placed on the surface of the conveyor belt; the flat strip is installed on the top surface of the frame of the conveyor belt device, and its bottom end is slightly higher than the horizontal surface of the breeding tray.

[0008] Preferably, the material collection part further includes a fixed seat fixed to the surface of the conveyor belt equipment frame, the top of the fixed seat is connected to a support column, the surface of the support column is fitted with a sleeve rod connected to the material collection hopper, and the side of the sleeve rod is fixed by a hexagonal bolt; one side of the inner wall of the material collection hopper is inclined.

[0009] Preferably, the feeding part further includes a driving component for driving the suspension bar to reciprocate up and down; The top of the suspension rod is connected to a sleeve plate, and the end of the sleeve plate is fitted onto the surface of the positioning column through a through hole. The bottom end of the positioning column is fixed to the top side of the hopper.

[0010] Preferably, the driving component includes a rail frame, a turntable, and a variable frequency motor B. The rail frame is connected to the suspension rod, and the surface of the turntable is provided with a limiting shaft. The limiting shaft is inserted into the rail frame, the variable frequency motor B drives the turntable to rotate, and a connecting bolt is inserted into the end of the limiting shaft through a threaded hole.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure pit portion further includes a slider and an electric push rod. The slider is installed inside the support plate through a rail groove. The shaft end of the roller passes through the slider and is connected to the output end of the variable frequency motor A. The electric push rod is installed at the bottom end of the slider and is used to drive the slider to move the roller up and down.

[0012] Preferably, the cone assembly includes a soil-pressing cone fixed to the surface of the roller, and an outer plate is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the soil-pressing cone, and a plurality of water-guiding holes are opened at the bottom of the outer plate; The bottom end of the soil compaction cone is fitted with a threaded shaft through a threaded hole, and the bottom end of the threaded shaft is connected to a bottom pad block.

[0013] Preferably, the soil-pressing cone has a guide hole inside, and the roller surface has a through hole that matches the guide hole; The cone assembly also includes a seepage rope, one end of which extends into the soil-pressing cone through the guide hole, and the other end extends through the through hole into the water storage cavity of the roller.

[0014] Preferably, the sealing plates of the material collection section are connected in series by a connecting shaft, wherein two of the sealing plates are provided with a support spring at their bottom ends, and the end of the support spring is fixed to the inner side of the bottom end of the material collection hopper; the surface of the support foot is fitted with a rubber sleeve for contacting the surface of the sealing plate.

[0015] This invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention incorporates a water storage chamber within the roller at the pressing pit. Water is precisely delivered to the pressing cone via capillary action of the seepage rope, ultimately seeping out from the water guide holes at the bottom of the outer plate. When the pressing cone presses into the substrate to form a sowing hole, water simultaneously moistens the inner wall and bottom of the hole, ensuring sufficient soil moisture in the seed implantation area before sowing. Compared to the traditional method of sowing first and then spraying the entire substrate, this invention avoids the lag of water needing to penetrate layer by layer to reach the seeds, overcomes the water-blocking effect of the hydrophobic layer formed on the dry substrate surface, effectively prevents seed dormancy or seedling death caused by dry spot effect, and significantly improves germination rate and seedling uniformity.

[0016] 2. By installing a camera detection module on the outside of the hopper, the coordinates of the holes in the seed tray are identified in real time, and the signal is fed back to the control panel. The control panel precisely controls the drive component to drive the suspension rod to move up and down according to the speed of the conveyor belt. When the support leg moves to the bottom of the hopper, it accurately presses the sealing plate to open the lower trough. This closed-loop control of visual guidance and mechanical action ensures that the seeds can fall accurately into the corresponding holes, avoiding the sowing position deviation caused by the fluctuation of the conveyor speed or mechanical vibration, and realizing true precision sowing.

[0017] 3. By arranging the pressing pit, material collection, feeding, and smoothing strips along the conveying direction, the seed tray completes the three core processes of pressing pit wetting, precise sowing, and smoothing and covering the seeds in sequence during continuous conveying. The smoothing strips are set at the end of the production line to level the substrate surface after sowing and to cover the sown seeds with a shallow layer of soil to ensure that the seeds are evenly covered by a substrate of appropriate thickness. The entire process requires no manual intervention, and all components coordinate their actions under the unified scheduling of the control panel, which greatly improves the automation level and production efficiency of seedling sowing.

[0018] 4. In this invention, the pressing pit is driven by an electric push rod to move the slider and rollers up and down, which can flexibly adjust the pressing pit depth to meet the sowing needs of different crop seeds; the bottom end of the pressing cone is connected to the bottom pad block through a threaded insert shaft, and rotating the threaded insert shaft can finely adjust the pressing pit depth and protect the pressing cone; the material collection part can adjust the height of the material collection hopper through the cooperation of the sleeve rod and the support column to ensure that the seed falling distance is appropriate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional disassembly diagram of the pressing pit part in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional bottom view disassembly diagram of the pressing pit part in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the pressing pit in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional disassembly diagram of the cone assembly in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a partial disassembly diagram of the drive component in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a partial disassembly diagram of the material collection section in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional bottom view of the material collection part in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention. Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional disassembly diagram of the feeding section in an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays proposed in this invention.

[0021] In the picture: 1. Conveyor belt equipment; 2. Breeding tray; 3. Pressure pit area; 31. Support plate; 32. Roller; 33. Cone group; 331. Soil-pressing cone; 332. Water-permeable rope; 333. External plate; 334. Threaded insert shaft; 335. Bottom pad block; 34. Inlet and outlet; 35. Electric air pump; 36. Variable frequency motor A; 37. Sliding block; 38. Electric push rod; 4. Material collection area; 41. Material hopper; 42. Sleeve rod; 43. Support column; 44. Hex bolt; 45. Fixing seat; 46. Connecting shaft; 47. Sealing plate; 48. Support spring; 49. Camera detection module; 5. Feeding section; 51. Suspension rod; 52. Hanging rod; 53. Support leg; 54. Rubber sleeve foot; 55. Sleeve plate; 56. Positioning column; 57. Drive component; 571. Rail frame; 572. Limiting shaft; 573. Turntable; 574. Connecting bolt; 575. Variable frequency motor B; 6. Flat strips; 7. Control Panel. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] Example 1: See Figures 1-3 This invention provides an automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays, including a conveyor belt device 1, which serves as the foundation for the entire device's support and transport. Along the transport direction, a pressing pit section 3, a material collection section 4, a feeding section 5, a control panel 7, and a smoothing strip 6 are sequentially arranged above the conveyor belt device 1. This layout enables the breeding tray 2 to sequentially complete a series of automated operations during transport, including soil filling, pressing pit moistening, seed sowing, and soil smoothing.

[0024] Specifically, the conveyor belt device 1 consists of a frame and a conveyor belt, which is used to transport the breeding trays 2 on it. The breeding trays 2 contain substrates such as seedling soil to support seed growth.

[0025] See Figure 1 , Figure 8 and Figure 9The pressing pit part 3 is used to press out sowing holes on the substrate of the breeding tray 2 and to humidify the holes during the pressing process. The pressing pit part 3 includes a support plate 31 and a roller 32 rotatably mounted on the support plate 31. The roller 32 has a water storage chamber for storing water. One side of the roller 32 is provided with an inlet and outlet 34 that communicates with the water storage chamber for injecting or draining water into the water storage chamber. An electric air pump 35 is installed on the side of the roller 32 for pressurizing the water storage chamber. By inflating the water storage chamber with air by the electric air pump 35, a certain pressure can be maintained in the water storage chamber, which helps the water to slowly seep out through the seepage rope 332 described later. The electric air pump 35 can be easily replaced independently. There are no specific requirements for its model. Any model that can pressurize and be easily replaced is acceptable.

[0026] To enable the roller 32 to rise and fall to accommodate breeding trays 2 of different thicknesses or to adjust the pressing depth, the pressing part 3 also includes a slider 37 and an electric push rod 38. The slider 37 is installed inside the support plate 31 through the rail groove. The shaft end of the roller 32 passes through the slider 37 and is connected to the output end of the variable frequency motor A36. The variable frequency motor A36 is used to drive the roller 32 to rotate. The electric push rod 38 is installed at the bottom of the slider 37 and is used to drive the slider 37 to move the roller 32 up and down along the rail groove of the support plate 31, thereby adjusting the pressing depth.

[0027] The surface of the roller 32 is surrounded by several cone groups 33. Specifically, the cone group 33 includes a soil pressing cone 331 fixed on the surface of the roller 32. The soil pressing cone 331 is cone-shaped and is used to press out sowing holes in the substrate when rotating and pressing down. The top of the soil pressing cone 331 is symmetrically provided with outer plates 333 on both sides. The bottom of the outer plates 333 is provided with several water guiding holes. When the soil pressing cone 331 is pressed into the substrate, the outer plates 333 can help to compact the soil at the edge of the hole and prevent the hole from collapsing.

[0028] To achieve simultaneous humidification during the pressing process, a guide hole is provided inside the pressing cone 331, and a through hole adapted to the guide hole is provided on the surface of the roller 32. The cone assembly 33 also includes a water-permeable rope 332. One end of the water-permeable rope 332 extends into the pressing cone 331 through the guide hole, and the other end extends into the water storage chamber of the roller 32 through the through hole. When water is injected into the water storage chamber and pressurized, the water slowly permeates into the interior of the pressing cone 331 through the capillary action of the water-permeable rope 332, and then seeps out through the water guide hole at the bottom of the outer plate 333, moistening the soil around the pressing cone 331. This humidifies the inner wall of the hole while pressing, solving the problem that water is difficult to penetrate into the hole after sowing in traditional processes.

[0029] To accommodate different pit depths and protect the compaction cone 331, a threaded shaft 334 is inserted into the bottom of the compaction cone 331 through a threaded hole. A bottom pad 335 is connected to the bottom of the threaded shaft 334. By rotating the threaded shaft 334, the length of the bottom pad 335 extending out of the compaction cone 331 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the depth of the compaction pit. The bottom pad 335 can be made of wear-resistant rubber or polyurethane material, which plays a buffering and protective role during the compaction process.

[0030] See Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The material collection section 4 is used to replenish seeds into the holes of the seedling tray 2 that has been pressed into the soil. The material collection section 4 includes a material collection hopper 41 fixed on the conveyor belt equipment 1. The material collection hopper 41 is used to store the seedling seeds to be replenished. Several drainage grooves are opened at the bottom of the material collection hopper 41. A sealing plate 47 for controlling the leakage of seeds is movably installed in the drainage groove. Under normal conditions, the sealing plate 47 closes the drainage groove to prevent seed leakage. A camera detection module 49 for detecting the position of the soil pit in the seedling tray 2 is installed on the outside of the vertical plate end of the material collection hopper 41. The camera detection module 49 can identify the position of the holes in the seedling tray 2 and feed the signal back to the control panel 7 so that the seeds can fall accurately.

[0031] As a preferred installation method for the material collection part 4, the material collection part 4 also includes a fixed seat 45 fixed to the surface of the conveyor belt equipment 1. The top of the fixed seat 45 is connected to a support column 43. A sleeve rod 42 connected to the material collection hopper 41 is sleeved on the surface of the support column 43. The side of the sleeve rod 42 is locked and fixed by a hexagonal bolt 44. By loosening the hexagonal bolt 44, the height of the sleeve rod 42 on the support column 43 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance between the material collection hopper 41 and the breeding tray 2 to accommodate different sizes of breeding trays 2. One side of the inner wall of the material collection hopper 41 is inclined. This inclined surface helps the substrate to slide smoothly into the lower drain under the action of gravity.

[0032] See Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The feeding part 5 is used to drive the sealing plate 47 to open at a time, so that the medium in the collection hopper 41 falls into the substrate holes of the breeding tray 2 below, where seeds are sown. The feeding part 5 includes a suspension rod 51 suspended above the collection hopper 41. The bottom end of the suspension rod 51 is connected to a support leg 53 for abutting and opening the sealing plate 47 via a hanging rod 52. When the suspension rod 51 is pressed down, the support leg 53 abuts against the sealing plate 47, causing it to flip downward, the lower trough opens, and the substrate falls into the holes of the breeding tray 2 below.

[0033] To achieve automatic opening and closing of the sealing plate 47, the feeding part 5 also includes a drive component 57 that drives the suspension rod 51 to reciprocate up and down. As a preferred reciprocating motion mechanism, the drive component 57 includes a rail frame 571, a turntable 573, and a variable frequency motor B575. The rail frame 571 is connected to the suspension rod 51. The surface of the turntable 573 is provided with a limiting shaft 572, which is inserted into the rail frame 571. When the variable frequency motor B575 drives the turntable 573 to rotate, the limiting shaft 572 makes a circular motion within the rail frame 571, thereby driving the rail frame 571 and the suspension rod 51 connected to it to make up and down reciprocating motion. To prevent the limiting shaft 572 from coming out of the rail frame 571, a connecting bolt 574 is inserted into the end of the limiting shaft 572 through a threaded hole. The head diameter of the connecting bolt 574 is larger than the groove width of the rail frame 571, which serves as a limiting function.

[0034] To ensure the stability of the up-and-down movement of the suspension rod 51, a sleeve plate 55 is connected to the top of the suspension rod 51. The end of the sleeve plate 55 is sleeved on the surface of the positioning post 56 through a through hole. The bottom end of the positioning post 56 is fixed to the top side of the hopper 41. The cooperation between the sleeve plate 55 and the positioning post 56 provides guidance for the movement of the suspension rod 51 and prevents it from swaying.

[0035] See Figure 1 The smoothing strip 6 is installed on the top surface of the equipment frame of the conveyor belt device 1 and is located at the very end of the entire production line. The bottom end of the smoothing strip 6 is slightly higher than the surface level of the seed tray 2. When the seed tray 2, which has completed pressing, filling, and sowing, moves with the conveyor belt to the area below the smoothing strip 6, the smoothing strip 6 can level the excess substrate on the surface of the seed tray 2 and simultaneously provide a shallow layer of soil to cover the sown seeds, ensuring that the seeds are covered with a suitable thickness of substrate, thus completing the final sowing process.

[0036] The control panel 7 is used to control the start and stop of various electrical components, including the drive motor of the conveyor belt equipment 1, the variable frequency motor A36, the variable frequency motor B575, the electric push rod 38, the electric air pump 35, and the camera detection module 49, etc., to achieve automated and coordinated operation.

[0037] Example 2: See Figure 4 and Figure 7 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further optimizes the reset structure of the sealing plate 47 and the structure of the support leg 53.

[0038] As a preferred structure for resetting the sealing plate 47, several sealing plates 47 in the material collection section 4 are connected in series by a connecting shaft 46, so that multiple sealing plates 47 can move synchronously. Two sealing plates 47 are provided with support springs 48 at their bottom ends. The ends of the support springs 48 are fixed to the inner side of the bottom end of the material collection hopper 41. When the support leg 53 presses down on the sealing plate 47, the sealing plate 47 overcomes the elastic force of the support spring 48 and flips downward. When the support leg 53 is lifted, the elastic force of the support spring 48 causes the sealing plate 47 to automatically reset, close the lower trough, and prevent the seeds from continuing to fall, causing over-sowing or missed sowing.

[0039] To improve the stability and cushioning performance of the contact between the support leg 53 and the sealing plate 47, a rubber sleeve 54 is provided on the surface of the support leg 53 for contacting the surface of the sealing plate 47. The rubber sleeve 54 is made of elastic rubber material, which can reduce the noise and wear generated when the support leg 53 impacts the sealing plate 47, while ensuring the reliability of the contact.

[0040] Furthermore, in order to enhance the firmness of the connection between the rubber sleeve 54 and the support leg 53 and prevent them from loosening during long-term reciprocating motion, the inner wall of the rubber sleeve 54 is provided with several rubber plates, and the surface of the support leg 53 is provided with guide grooves that are adapted to the rubber plates. The inner wall of the guide groove is provided with several toothed plates. When the rubber sleeve 54 is fitted onto the surface of the support leg 53, the rubber plates are embedded in the guide grooves and engaged with the toothed plates, thereby forming a firm axial and circumferential positioning.

[0041] Working principle: During operation, the operator first sets the operating parameters of each moving part through the control panel 7, including the conveying speed of the conveyor belt device 1, the rotation speed of the variable frequency motor A36, the lifting height of the electric push rod 38, the reciprocating frequency of the variable frequency motor B575, and the working pressure of the electric air pump 35. The seedling tray 2 containing the seedling substrate is placed at the starting end of the conveyor belt of the conveyor belt device 1. After starting the equipment, each part moves in coordination according to the preset program.

[0042] Step 1: Operating status of parts in the wet chemical filling area of ​​the pressure pit; The breeding tray 2, filled with breeding substrate, moves along the conveyor belt to the bottom of the pressing pit 3. At this time, the control panel 7 sends a command to the electric push rod 38. The push rod of the electric push rod 38 extends outward and pushes the slider 37 to slide downward in the groove of the support plate 31. The slider 37 drives the roller 32 connected to it to descend as a whole until the bottom pad 335 at the bottom of the pressing cone 331 descends to the preset pressing pit depth.

[0043] Subsequently, the control panel 7 starts the variable frequency motor A36, and the output shaft of the variable frequency motor A36 begins to rotate, driving the roller 32 to rotate around its axis. Several sets of cones 33 on the surface of the roller 32 rotate together with the roller 32. When the soil pressing cone 331 rotates to the lowest point and contacts the substrate surface of the breeding tray 2, under the combined action of the gravity and rotational pressure of the roller 32, the soil pressing cone 331 is pressed into the substrate to form a sowing hole. The outer plates 333 on both sides of the soil pressing cone 331 are then pressed into the edge of the hole to assist in compacting the substrate around the hole and prevent the hole from collapsing.

[0044] Meanwhile, the electric air pump 35 is in operation, continuously filling the water storage chamber of the roller 32 with compressed air to maintain a constant pressure in the water storage chamber. Under the pressure, the water in the water storage chamber is adsorbed through one end of the seepage rope 332 and slowly transported along the fiber capillary channel of the seepage rope 332. After the water seeps out from the other end of the seepage rope 332, it enters the guide hole inside the soil pressing cone 331 and finally drips or seeps out from the water guide hole at the bottom of the outer plate 333, evenly moistening the substrate around the soil pressing cone 331 and the inner wall of the hole. The speed of the variable frequency motor A36 is strictly synchronized with the conveying speed of the conveyor belt equipment 1 to ensure that each soil pressing cone 331 can accurately correspond to the preset hole position on the breeding tray 2, completing the pressing pit and synchronous humidification operation.

[0045] After the soil compaction and wetting are completed, the variable frequency motor A36 continues to drive the roller 32 to rotate, and the soil compaction cone 331 is removed from the substrate surface. According to the instructions of the control panel 7, the electric push rod 38 drives the slider 37 and roller 32 to rise slightly, so that the soil compaction cone 331 is completely removed from the surface of the breeding tray 2, avoiding interference with subsequent transportation.

[0046] Step 2: Parts operating status at the precision seeding station: After the breeding tray 2, which has completed the pressing and wetting process, continues to move with the conveyor belt to the area below the collection section 4 and the feeding section 5, the camera detection module 49 installed on the outside of the vertical plate end of the collection hopper 41 starts to work. The image sensor built into the camera detection module 49 continuously collects image information of the breeding tray 2 below, identifies the position coordinates of each hole that has completed pressing in real time through the image recognition algorithm, and continuously transmits the position signal to the control panel 7.

[0047] After receiving the position signal from the camera detection module 49, the control panel 7 calculates in real time the time required for each hole to move to the bottom of the trough of the collection hopper 41, based on the current conveying speed of the conveyor belt device 1, and sends an action command to the drive unit 57 accordingly.

[0048] After receiving the instruction, the drive unit 57 starts the variable frequency motor B575 and drives the turntable 573 to rotate continuously. The limiting shaft 572 on the surface of the turntable 573 moves in a circular motion with the turntable 573. Since the limiting shaft 572 is inserted inside the rail frame 571, its circular motion is converted into the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the rail frame 571. The rail frame 571 is fixedly connected to the suspension rod 51, so the suspension rod 51 moves up and down together with the rail frame 571.

[0049] The suspension rod 51 maintains vertical and stable movement under the guidance of the positioning column 56 and the sleeve plate 55. When the suspension rod 51 moves downward, it drives the support leg 53 to move downward through the hanging rod 52. The rubber sleeve 54 at the bottom of the support leg 53 first contacts the surface of the sealing plate 47. As the suspension rod 51 continues to press down, the support leg 53 overcomes the elastic force of the support spring 48 and presses the sealing plate 47 down. The sealing plate 47 flips downward around the connecting shaft 46, and the lower trough at the bottom of the collection hopper 41 opens.

[0050] At this moment, the hole moves directly below the lower trough, and the inclined side wall inside the collecting hopper 41 guides the seeds to slide smoothly into the lower trough. Under the action of gravity, multiple seeds fall precisely from the lower trough into the hole below.

[0051] When the suspension rod 51 moves upward, the support foot 53 lifts up and disengages from the sealing plate 47. The support spring 48 releases its elasticity, pushing the sealing plate 47 upward to flip and reset, resealing the lower leakage groove to prevent seeds from continuing to fall and causing over-sowing. The elastic material of the rubber sleeve foot 54 plays a buffering role during contact and disengagement, reducing impact noise and wear.

[0052] The above process is carried out periodically as the turntable 573 rotates continuously. Each rotation completes a pressing and resetting action. With the real-time positioning of the camera detection module 49, precise seeding synchronized with the movement of the conveyor belt is achieved.

[0053] Step 3: Smooth out the operating condition of the parts at the soil-covered work site: After the seeding tray 2 has been precisely sown, it continues to move along the conveyor belt to the bottom of the smoothing strip 6. The smoothing strip 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the equipment frame of the conveyor belt equipment 1, and its bottom end is slightly higher than the surface level of the seeding tray 2. The height is not adjustable.

[0054] When the breeding tray 2 passes under the smoothing strip 6, the substrate surface that may be turned up or raised after sowing comes into contact with the bottom end of the smoothing strip 6. Under the continuous push of the conveyor belt, the smoothing strip 6 scrapes the excess substrate and pushes some substrate into the holes to provide a shallow and uniform soil covering for the sown seeds. The length of the smoothing strip 6 covers the entire width of the breeding tray 2 to ensure that the entire tray surface is smoothed.

[0055] Step 4: Overall Coordination and Operation During the operation of each of the above workstations, control panel 7, as the central control unit, continuously monitors and coordinates the operating status of each component: The camera detection module 49 provides real-time feedback on the position of the hole, and the control panel 7 dynamically adjusts the timing of the action of the drive component 57 to compensate for positional deviations that may be caused by fluctuations in the conveying speed. The speed of the variable frequency motor A36 is linked with the speed of the conveyor belt equipment 1 to ensure that the pressing pit position is consistent with the subsequent sowing position; The electric air pump 35 automatically starts and stops according to the pressure changes in the water storage chamber to maintain a constant water supply pressure. The lifting and lowering action of the electric push rod 38 can be preset and adjusted on the control panel 7 according to the thickness of the breeding tray 2 or the depth of the pressing pit.

[0056] After completing all the processes, the breeding tray 2 is output from the right side of the conveyor belt equipment 1 and collected and transported by the operator to the subsequent seedling area.

[0057] Through the precise coordination and orderly operation of the above-mentioned components, this invention realizes fully automated operation from pressing and wetting the pits, precise sowing to smoothing and covering with soil. Under the unified scheduling of the control system, each part coordinates its actions to ensure sowing accuracy and operation efficiency.

[0058] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. An automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays, comprising a conveyor belt device (1), characterized in that: The conveyor belt equipment (1) is provided with a flat strip (6), a material collection part (4), a material feeding part (5), a control panel (7) and a pressing part (3) in sequence along its conveying direction. The conveyor belt device (1) is used to transport the breeding trays (2) thereon. The pressure pit (3) includes a support plate (31) and a roller (32) rotatably mounted on the support plate (31). The roller (32) has a water storage cavity inside. A plurality of cone groups (33) are arranged around the surface of the roller (32). An inlet and outlet (34) communicating with the water storage cavity is provided on one side of the roller (32). An electric air pump (35) for pressurizing the water storage cavity is installed on the side of the roller (32). The material collection section (4) includes a material collection hopper (41) fixed on the conveyor belt equipment (1). The bottom end of the material collection hopper (41) is provided with several drainage grooves. A sealing plate (47) for controlling soil leakage is movably installed in the drainage groove. The feeding part (5) includes a suspension rod (51) suspended above the collection hopper (41), and the bottom end of the suspension rod (51) is connected to a support leg (53) for abutting and opening the sealing plate (47) via a hanging rod (52). The smoothing strip (6) is used to smooth the soil in the breeding tray (2); The control panel (7) is used to control the start and stop of each electrical component; The outer side of the vertical plate end of the hopper (41) is equipped with a camera detection module (49) for detecting the location of the soil pit of the breeding tray (2).

2. The automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveyor belt device (1) consists of a frame and a conveyor belt. The breeding tray (2) is placed on the surface of the conveyor belt. The flat strip (6) is installed on the top surface of the frame of the conveyor belt device (1), and its bottom end is slightly higher than the horizontal surface of the breeding tray (2).

3. The automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material collection part (4) also includes a fixed seat (45) fixed on the surface of the conveyor belt equipment (1). The top of the fixed seat (45) is connected to a support column (43). The surface of the support column (43) is fitted with a sleeve rod (42) connected to the material collection hopper (41). The side of the sleeve rod (42) is locked and fixed by a hexagonal bolt (44). The inner wall of the material collection hopper (41) is inclined on one side.

4. The automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding part (5) also includes a driving component (57) that drives the suspension rod (51) to move up and down reciprocally. The top end of the suspension rod (51) is connected to a sleeve plate (55), the end of the sleeve plate (55) is sleeved on the surface of the positioning post (56) through a through hole, and the bottom end of the positioning post (56) is fixed to the top side of the hopper (41).

5. An automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive unit (57) includes a rail frame (571), a turntable (573) and a variable frequency motor B (575). The rail frame (571) is connected to the suspension rod (51). The surface of the turntable (573) is provided with a limiting shaft (572). The limiting shaft (572) is inserted into the rail frame (571). The variable frequency motor B (575) drives the turntable (573) to rotate. The end of the limiting shaft (572) is provided with a connecting bolt (574) through a threaded hole.

6. The automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure pit part (3) also includes a slider (37) and an electric push rod (38). The slider (37) is installed inside the support plate (31) through the rail groove. The shaft end of the roller (32) passes through the slider (37) and is connected to the output end of the variable frequency motor A (36). The electric push rod (38) is installed at the bottom of the slider (37) and is used to drive the slider (37) to drive the roller (32) to rise and fall.

7. An automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cone group (33) includes a soil pressing cone (331) fixed on the surface of the roller (32). The top of the soil pressing cone (331) is symmetrically provided with an outer plate (333) on both sides. The bottom of the outer plate (333) is provided with several water guiding holes. The bottom end of the soil compaction cone (331) is fitted with a threaded insert shaft (334) through a threaded hole, and the bottom end of the threaded insert shaft (334) is connected to a bottom pad block (335).

8. An automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 7, characterized in that, The soil-pressing cone (331) has a guide hole inside, and the roller (32) has a through hole on its surface that matches the guide hole; The cone assembly (33) also includes a seepage rope (332), one end of which extends into the soil compaction cone (331) through a guide hole, and the other end extends through the through hole into the water storage chamber of the roller (32).

9. An automatic seeding device for agricultural breeding trays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing plates (47) of the material collection part (4) are connected in series by a connecting shaft (46), wherein a support spring (48) is provided at the bottom end of two of the sealing plates (47), and the end of the support spring (48) is fixed to the inner side of the bottom end of the material collection hopper (41). The support leg (53) is fitted with a rubber sleeve (54) for contacting the surface of the sealing plate (47).

Images