A pressure type coupler assembly

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of coupler assembly technology, specifically to a pressure-type coupler assembly device. It includes an assembly table and a press mounted on top of the assembly table. The telescopic end of the press extends into the working area of ​​the assembly table. A pressure plate is located at the bottom of the telescopic end, and a force-transmitting shaft and a stress-relieving cylinder are located at the bottom of the pressure plate. The distance between the bottom of the force-transmitting shaft and the workpiece is greater than the telescopic distance of the telescopic end. Because a force-transmitting shaft and a stress-relieving cylinder are located at the end of the telescopic end, the original rigid pressure becomes adjustable. The compression force of the support spring indicates whether the workpiece is in the correct position. When the workpiece is correctly placed, the force-transmitting shaft and the stress-relieving cylinder are fixed, making the pressure transmission path rigid. When the workpiece is incorrectly placed, the force-transmitting shaft and the stress-relieving cylinder can automatically slide, thereby absorbing the downward pressure of the force-transmitting shaft and preventing excessive pressure from being transmitted to the workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coupler assembly technology, and more specifically, to a pressure-type coupler assembly device. Background Technology

[0002] Coupler buffers, also known as coupler dampers, are key components for coupling, force transmission, and shock reduction between rail vehicles (such as locomotives, EMUs, and carriages). Their core functions are twofold: first, to reliably transmit traction and braking forces during train operation; and second, to effectively absorb and mitigate longitudinal impact energy generated during vehicle startup, braking, and shunting operations, directly affecting train running stability and operational safety.

[0003] This device typically consists of a coupling system (responsible for mechanical connection and uncoupling), a buffer system (absorbing impact energy), a rear crushing system (which allows for controlled deformation to protect the vehicle body during excessive impacts), and an alignment device (ensuring accurate alignment during coupling). To ensure its consistently reliable performance, it must undergo professional maintenance at prescribed intervals.

[0004] The standard maintenance process is mainly divided into two stages. The first is disassembly and transportation: the entire device is removed from the bottom of the vehicle and transported to a maintenance workshop equipped with specialized equipment. The second is disassembly and reassembly: in the workshop, the device is completely disassembled, all parts are cleaned, inspected, repaired or replaced, and finally reassembled into a qualified whole.

[0005] During maintenance, the disassembly and assembly of certain components (such as the core kingpin) must rely on a pressure assembly machine. This equipment applies enormous axial pressure hydraulically or mechanically to press out or press in interference-fit components, thus completing disassembly and assembly.

[0006] However, a problem exists in commonly used pressure assembly machines: their pressure heads are usually fixed. This structure results in a rigid pressure transmission path. If the workpiece to be assembled (such as a coupler housing) is misplaced, its assembly hole is not precisely aligned with the pressure head, or the workpiece itself is slightly tilted due to improper placement, the enormous pressure applied by the pressure head will be mistakenly applied to non-assembly parts of the workpiece (such as edges or flange surfaces). This off-center loading or misaligned force can easily cause surface damage, deformation, or even cracking of the workpiece, resulting in unnecessary maintenance losses and affecting maintenance efficiency and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pressure-type coupler assembly device, which solves the problem mentioned in the background art by setting a force transmission shaft and a force dissipation cylinder and controlling the connection state between the force transmission shaft and the force dissipation cylinder, namely, the problem that the current pressure transmission path is rigid.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a pressure-type coupler assembly device includes an assembly table and a press installed on top of the assembly table. The telescopic end of the press extends into the working area of ​​the assembly table, and a pressure plate is provided at the bottom of the telescopic end. A force transmission shaft and a force-dissipating cylinder are provided at the bottom of the pressure plate. The distance between the bottom end of the force transmission shaft and the workpiece is greater than the telescopic distance of the telescopic end; the stress-relieving cylinder is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the force transmission shaft, and when the force transmission shaft moves downward, the length of the stress-relieving cylinder is greater than the distance between the force transmission shaft and the buffer. An elastic support is provided between the force transmission shaft and the stress dissipation cylinder. The elastic support is used to transmit part of the pressure of the force transmission shaft to the stress dissipation cylinder. The elastic support has a first compression state and a second compression state. It also includes an adjusting component. When the elastic support is in the first compression state, the adjusting component adjusts the force transmission shaft and the stress dissipation cylinder to a fixed state, so that the force transmission shaft presses the compressed component in or out through the stress dissipation cylinder. When the elastic support is in the second compression state, the adjusting component adjusts the force transmission shaft and the stress dissipation cylinder to a sliding state, so that the stress dissipation cylinder stops transmitting force to the force transmission shaft.

[0009] Based on this, the elastic support includes a piston block and a support spring located inside the energy dissipation cylinder. The outer ring of the piston block slides in contact with the inner ring of the energy dissipation cylinder, and the support spring is disposed between the top of the piston block and the bottom of the force transmission shaft. Wherein: The first and second compression states of the elastic support are specifically the compression states of the support spring. The compression force of the support spring in the first compression state is less than that in the second compression state. When the support spring is in the first compression state, the pressure on the stress relief cylinder is greater than the frictional force between the compressed component and the workpiece.

[0010] Based on this, the adjusting component includes a driving mechanism and a limiting mechanism for restricting the movement of the piston block. The driving mechanism includes a driving rod that is slidably disposed on the outer ring of the energy dissipation cylinder and a pressure rod that is fixedly disposed on the bottom of the pressure plate. The driving rod is elastically connected to the side wall of the energy dissipation cylinder. One end of the drive rod is provided with a guide groove, and the end of the guide groove away from the energy dissipation cylinder is provided with an inclined surface; The pressure rod is located above the inclined plane and is used to drive the drive rod to move through the inclined plane, so that the limiting mechanism stops restricting the piston block.

[0011] Based on this, the limiting mechanism includes a discharge channel arranged axially inside the stilling cylinder. The bottom end of the discharge channel is connected to the inside of the stilling cylinder, and the top end extends upward through the drive rod and penetrates the top of the stilling cylinder. The bottom of the piston block forms a stress-relieving chamber that communicates with the discharge channel. When the drive rod is in the discharge channel, it seals the stress-relieving chamber to limit the downward movement of the piston block.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this pressure-type coupler assembly device, the force transmission shaft and the stress-relieving cylinder are set at the end of the telescopic end, which makes the original rigid pressure adjustable. The compression force of the support spring is used to represent whether the workpiece is in the correct state. When the workpiece is placed correctly, the force transmission shaft and the stress-relieving cylinder are in a fixed state, making the pressure transmission path rigid. When the workpiece is placed incorrectly, the force transmission shaft and the stress-relieving cylinder can automatically become a sliding state, thereby absorbing the downward pressure of the force transmission shaft and avoiding the transmission of large pressure to the workpiece, thus reducing the probability of crushing the workpiece.

[0013] 2. In this pressure-type coupler assembly device, the pressure rod can not only drive the drive rod to move, but also cooperate with the sliding block to control the compression force on the support spring, so that the support spring will not be over-compressed when transmitting pressure, thereby reducing the rebound thrust received by the component at the moment of being pressed out, and preventing the component from being pushed away. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy dissipation cylinder of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive rod of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure bar of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stop block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the sliding block of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the energy dissipation cylinder of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the energy dissipation cylinder of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid storage box of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stop bar of the present invention.

[0015] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 100. Assembly table; 101. Press; 102. Telescopic end; 103. Pressure plate; 104. Pressure rod; 105. Contact part; 110. Force transmission shaft; 120. Stress-relieving cylinder; 121. Piston block; 122. Support spring; 123. Stress-relieving chamber; 124. Through port; 130. Drive rod; 131. Connecting spring; 132. Guide groove; 133. Inclined surface; 140. Drainage channel; 141. Liquid storage box; 142. Connecting pipe; 143. Stop rod; 144. Fixing rod; 150. Stop block; 151. Sliding block; 152. Compression spring; 153. Baffle; 154. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0018] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0019] The invention will now be described in detail using a buffer as an example.

[0020] The buffer is the core component of the coupler buffer device. This component is connected to other parts of the coupler buffer device via a kingpin. The kingpin and the coupler buffer device use an interference fit, and the coupler assembly device is used for removing or installing the kingpin. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes an assembly table 100, for... Figure 1From the perspective of the center, the assembly table 100 has a "C" shaped structure. The top of the assembly table 100 is used to install the press 101. The bottom end of the telescopic end 102 of the press 101 enters the working area of ​​the assembly table 100. The assembly table 100 has a working surface, on which a special support can be set to support and limit the buffer.

[0021] A pressure plate 103 is provided at the bottom of the telescopic end 102. The pressure plate 103 is triangular in shape. The other two ends of the pressure plate 103 are equipped with guide posts that are slidably connected to the top of the assembly table 100. These guide posts are used to limit the non-axial movement of the telescopic end 102 and improve the stability of the movement of the telescopic end 102.

[0022] When it is necessary to remove the kingpin from or install it into the buffer, first place the buffer on the working surface of the assembly table 100, and then start the press 101. At this time, the telescopic end 102 at the bottom of the press 101 moves downward to press the kingpin in or out. To avoid deviations in placement or slight tilting of the buffer due to improper placement, the telescopic end 102 presses the non-assembly parts of the buffer (such as edges or flange surfaces). A force transmission shaft 110 and a force-dissipating cylinder 120 are provided at the bottom of the pressure plate 103.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the force transmission shaft 110 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pressure plate 103, and the distance between the bottom end of the force transmission shaft 110 and the buffer is greater than the telescopic distance of the telescopic end 102; the stress-relieving cylinder 120 is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the force transmission shaft 110, and when the force transmission shaft 110 moves downward, the length of the stress-relieving cylinder 120 is greater than the distance between the force transmission shaft 110 and the buffer; an elastic support is provided between the force transmission shaft 110 and the stress-relieving cylinder 120 to transmit part of the pressure of the force transmission shaft 110 to the stress-relieving cylinder 120, and the elastic support has a first compression state and a second compression state.

[0024] It also includes an adjusting component. When the elastic support is in the first compression state, the adjusting component adjusts the force transmission shaft 110 and the stress-relieving cylinder 120 to a fixed state, so that the force transmission shaft 110 presses the main pin in or out through the stress-relieving cylinder 120. When the elastic support is in the second compression state, the adjusting component adjusts the force transmission shaft 110 and the stress-relieving cylinder 120 to a sliding state, so that the stress-relieving cylinder 120 stops transmitting force to the force transmission shaft 110.

[0025] Specifically, the elastic support includes a piston block 121 and a support spring 122 located inside the energy dissipation cylinder 120. The piston block 121 has a cylindrical structure, and its outer ring fits against the inner ring of the energy dissipation cylinder 120. The support spring 122 is located between the top of the piston block 121 and the bottom of the force transmission shaft 110.

[0026] In the above, the first compression state and the second compression state of the elastic support specifically refer to the compression state of the support spring 122, as described above. Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 The middle part of the diagram shows the first compression state of the support spring 122. Figure 8 The middle part of the diagram shows the second compression state of the support spring 122. Therefore, it can be seen that the compression force of the support spring 122 in the first compression state is less than the compression force in the second compression state.

[0027] In this invention, when the support spring 122 is in the first compression state, the pressure on the stress relief cylinder 120 is greater than the frictional force between the main pin and the buffer, that is, under this pressure, the main pin can be pressed in or out.

[0028] Figure 2 The specific structure of the adjusting component is shown. The adjusting component includes a driving mechanism and a limiting mechanism. The limiting mechanism is used to restrict the movement of the piston block 121, and the driving mechanism releases the limiting mechanism from restricting the piston block 121 when the support spring 122 is in the second compressed state.

[0029] The drive mechanism includes a drive rod 130 that is radially slidably disposed on the outer ring of the energy dissipation cylinder 120, and a pressure rod 104 that is fixedly disposed on the bottom of the pressure plate 103. Figure 3 As shown, the middle part of the drive rod 130 extends to both sides to form a mounting part, and a connecting spring 131 is provided between the mounting part and the side wall of the energy dissipation cylinder 120 to elastically connect the two.

[0030] Furthermore, the pressure rod 104 drives the drive rod 130 to move via a guide groove 132 at the end of the drive rod 130. Specifically, the guide groove 132 has a large opening at the top and a small opening at the bottom, with the bottom opening positioned close to the stilling cylinder 120. This design creates a slope 133 at the end of the guide groove 132 furthest from the stilling cylinder 120. (Refer to...) Figure 4 A portion of the outer ring of the pressure rod 104 protrudes outward to form a contact portion 105, which is located directly above the inclined surface 133. When the contact portion 105 moves downward, the drive rod 130 can be driven to move in the direction of the arrow, i.e., away from the pressure dissipation cylinder 120, via the inclined surface 133. This movement is used to control the limiting mechanism, causing the limiting mechanism to stop restricting the piston block 121.

[0031] Not only that, such as Figure 2As shown, the drive rod 130 is positioned near the top of the stress-relief cylinder 120, and the distance between the drive rod 130 and the bottom of the pressure rod 104 is greater than the distance required by the force transmission shaft 110 to drive the support spring 122 to the first compression state, but less than the distance required by the force transmission shaft 110 to drive the support spring 122 to the second compression state. That is, when the support spring 122 is in the first compression state, the bottom of the pressure rod 104 does not contact the drive rod 130.

[0032] The following examples will illustrate various structures of the limiting mechanism.

[0033] exist Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes a venting channel 140 axially disposed inside the energy dissipation cylinder 120. The bottom end of the venting channel 140 is connected to the bottom of the energy dissipation cylinder 120, and the top end extends upward through the drive rod 130 and passes through the top of the energy dissipation cylinder 120. In this embodiment, the bottom of the piston block 121 forms an energy dissipation chamber 123, which is connected to the venting channel 140. However, the exhaust end of the venting channel 140 is blocked by the drive rod 130, keeping the energy dissipation chamber 123 in a sealed state. Therefore, in the sealed state, the piston block 121 cannot move downward. At this time, the force transmission shaft 110 transmits pressure to the energy dissipation cylinder 120 through the support spring 122. When the pressure rod 104 drives the drive rod 130 to move, the drive rod 130 will disengage from the discharge channel 140, causing the discharge channel 140 to open. At this time, the gas in the stress relief chamber 123 is discharged through the discharge channel 140, thereby causing the piston block 121 to move downward. At this time, the pressure of the force transmission shaft 110 cannot be transmitted to the stress relief cylinder 120.

[0034] like Figure 9 As shown, based on the above embodiment, by injecting liquid into the bottom of the piston block 121 (i.e., inside the stress-relieving chamber 123), the stability of the piston block 121 in the non-downward state is further improved by utilizing the incompressible property of liquid. Furthermore, to prevent liquid from spraying out of the drain channel 140, a connecting pipe 142 is provided at the top of the drain channel 140. The connecting pipe 142 connects to the liquid storage box 141 at the bottom of the pressure plate 103. When the piston block 121 moves downward and squeezes out the liquid, the liquid enters the liquid storage box 141 through the drain channel 140 and the connecting pipe 142.

[0035] exist Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes a stop bar 143, one end of which slides radially into the interior of the energy dissipation cylinder 120, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the drive rod 130 via a fixing rod 144. In this embodiment, reference... Figure 10 In the left half of the middle section, before the force transmission shaft 110 presses against the piston block 121, the stop lever 143 is positioned below the piston block 121 to limit the displacement of the piston block 121; Reference Figure 10In the right half of the middle, when the drive rod 130 is displaced, the drive rod 130 drives the stop rod 143 to be displaced through the fixed rod 144, so that the stop rod 143 is displaced from below the piston block 121. At this time, the force transmission shaft 110 can push the piston block 121 to move down.

[0036] In addition, in this embodiment, a port 124 communicating with the stress-relieving chamber 123 is provided on the side wall of the stress-relieving cylinder 120. The port 124 is used to discharge gas so as to realize the downward movement of the piston block 121, or a notch is provided on the outer ring of the piston block 121.

[0037] Not only that, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a stop block 150 is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the energy dissipation cylinder 120, located above the drive rod 130. A sliding block 151 is slidably disposed in the sliding cavity at one end of the stop block 150, and a compression spring 152 is provided between the sliding block 151 and the sliding cavity to elastically connect the two. In addition, a baffle 153 is provided at the end of the stop block 150, and the baffle 153 is disposed on the assembly table 100 via a connecting rod 154. The baffle 153 is located in front of the sliding block 151 and fits against the end of the stop block 150, used to restrict the sliding block 151 within the sliding cavity. When the sliding block 151 is completely within the sliding cavity, it is disengaged from below the pressure rod 104 and does not obstruct the pressure rod 104. When the power dissipation cylinder 120 moves the stop block 150 downward, the baffle 153 disengages from the front of the sliding block 151. At this time, the sliding block 151 is ejected by the compression spring 152 onto the downward path of the pressure rod 104, blocking the pressure rod 104.

[0038] The working principle of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0039] When the buffer is placed in the correct position or there is no tilting, refer to Figure 7 Firstly, as Figure 7 As shown in the left half, the drive rod 130 blocks the discharge channel 140. At this time, the force transmission shaft 110 drives the stress dissipation cylinder 120 to move downward through the support spring 122 and the piston block 121 until the stress dissipation cylinder 120 contacts the kingpin. Figure 7 In the middle section, the stress-relieving cylinder 120 is blocked by the main pin and does not move downward, while the force transmission shaft 110 continues to move downward, causing the support spring 122 to be compressed. When the support spring 122 is compressed to... Figure 7 When the middle part is in the state, it indicates that the support spring 122 is in the first compression state. At this time, the support spring 122 needs more pressure to be compressed, but the force transmitted by the support spring 122 to the stress dissipation cylinder 120 is sufficient to press the main pin. At this time, the force transmission shaft 110 drives the stress dissipation cylinder 120 to move downward through the support spring 122 and the piston block 121. Then as... Figure 7As shown in the right half, the baffle 153 at the end of the connecting rod 154 is in a fixed position. When the stress dissipation cylinder 120 moves down, it will cause the sliding block 151 to disengage from the baffle 153. At this time, the baffle 153 pops out below the pressure rod 104. The advantage of this is that when in the position... Figure 7 After the state shown in the right half, the downward speed of the force transmission shaft 110 can be increased. When the force transmission shaft 110 moves downward quickly, the sliding block 151 moves downward by blocking the pressure rod 104 to prevent the force transmission shaft 110 from further compressing the support spring 122. As a result, when the stress dissipation cylinder 120 is about to press out the main pin, the support spring 122 rebounds and quickly pushes out the main pin.

[0040] For details, please refer to the following: Figure 7 The distances L1 and L2 between the force transmission shaft 110 and the stress dissipation cylinder 120 are as follows: distance L1 represents the slow downward movement of the force transmission shaft 110, and distance L2 represents the rapid downward movement of the force transmission shaft 110. Under these two downward movement methods, distances L1 and L2 are kept consistent due to the presence of the sliding block 151, thereby avoiding excessive compression of the support spring 122. This prevents the phenomenon that when the stress dissipation cylinder 120 is about to press out the main pin, the support spring 122 rebounds and quickly pushes out the main pin.

[0041] It should be understood that Figure 7 The left and middle sections of the shaft need to achieve the compressed state of the support spring 122, therefore the downward movement speed of the force transmission shaft 110 is slow, while reaching the... Figure 7 When the right side of the structure is in its normal state, the force transmission shaft 110 can move downwards at a normal speed. Therefore, increasing the downward speed of the force transmission shaft 110 is relative to... Figure 7 This refers to the state of the left and middle parts of the image.

[0042] When the buffer is not placed in the correct position or is tilted, refer to Figure 8 When the force transmission shaft 110 drives the energy dissipation cylinder 120 to move downwards... Figure 8 When the left side of the cylinder is in its current state, due to its position or tilt, the power dissipation cylinder 120 cannot move the main pin downwards. At this time, refer to... Figure 8 In the middle section, since the stress-relieving cylinder 120 cannot move downwards, the force transmission shaft 110 will continue to move downwards, thereby compressing the support spring 122 to the second compression state. At the same time, the pressure rod 104 also moves downwards, driving the drive rod 130 to displacement. Next, refer to... Figure 8 In the state of the right side of the middle, the displacement of the drive rod 130 opens the discharge channel 140. At this time, the force transmission shaft 110 moves down and drives the piston block 121 to move down through the support spring 122. The piston block 121 moves down and squeezes out the gas in the stress relief chamber 123. During this process, the stress relief cylinder 120 remains stationary, thus reducing the crush damage to the buffer.

[0043] In other words, because a force transmission shaft 110 and a stress-relieving cylinder 120 are provided at the end of the telescopic end 102, the original rigid pressure becomes adjustable pressure. The compression force of the support spring 122 is used to represent whether the workpiece is in the correct position. When the workpiece is placed correctly, the force transmission shaft 110 and the stress-relieving cylinder 120 are in a fixed state, making the pressure transmission path rigid. When the workpiece is placed incorrectly, the force transmission shaft 110 and the stress-relieving cylinder 120 can automatically become a sliding state, thereby absorbing the downward pressure of the force transmission shaft 110, avoiding the transmission of large pressure to the workpiece, and thus reducing the probability of damage to the workpiece.

[0044] Furthermore, the pressure rod 104 in this invention can not only drive the drive rod 130 to move, but also cooperate with the sliding block 151 to control the compression force on the support spring 122, so that the support spring 122 will not be over-compressed when transmitting pressure, thereby reducing the rebound thrust received by the component at the moment of being pressed out, and preventing the component from being pushed away.

[0045] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pressure-type coupler assembly device, comprising an assembly table (100) and a press (101) disposed on the top of the assembly table (100), wherein the telescopic end (102) of the press (101) extends into the working area of ​​the assembly table (100), and a pressure plate (103) is disposed at the bottom end of the telescopic end (102), characterized in that: The bottom of the pressure plate (103) is provided with a force transmission shaft (110) and a force dissipation cylinder (120). The distance between the bottom end of the force transmission shaft (110) and the workpiece is greater than the telescopic distance of the telescopic end (102); the stress-relieving cylinder (120) is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the force transmission shaft (110). When the force transmission shaft (110) moves downward, the length of the stress-relieving cylinder (120) is greater than the distance between the force transmission shaft (110) and the buffer. An elastic support is provided between the force transmission shaft (110) and the stress dissipation cylinder (120). The elastic support is used to transmit part of the pressure of the force transmission shaft (110) to the stress dissipation cylinder (120). The elastic support has a first compression state and a second compression state. It also includes an adjusting component. When the elastic support is in the first compression state, the adjusting component adjusts the force transmission shaft (110) and the stress dissipation cylinder (120) to a fixed state, so that the force transmission shaft (110) presses the compressed component in or out through the stress dissipation cylinder (120). When the elastic support is in the second compression state, the adjusting component adjusts the force transmission shaft (110) and the stress dissipation cylinder (120) to a sliding state, so that the stress dissipation cylinder (120) stops transmitting force to the force transmission shaft (110).

2. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic support includes a piston block (121) and a support spring (122) located inside the energy dissipation cylinder (120). The outer ring of the piston block (121) slides against the inner ring of the energy dissipation cylinder (120), and the support spring (122) is disposed between the top of the piston block (121) and the bottom of the force transmission shaft (110).

3. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first compression state and the second compression state of the elastic support are specifically the compression state of the support spring (122), and the compression force of the support spring (122) in the first compression state is less than the compression force in the second compression state.

4. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the support spring (122) is in the first compression state, the pressure on the stress relief cylinder (120) is greater than the frictional force between the pressed part and the workpiece.

5. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjusting component includes a driving mechanism and a limiting mechanism for restricting the movement of the piston block (121). The driving mechanism includes a driving rod (130) slidably disposed on the outer ring of the energy dissipation cylinder (120) and a pressure rod (104) fixedly disposed on the bottom of the pressure plate (103). The driving rod (130) is elastically connected to the side wall of the energy dissipation cylinder (120). One end of the drive rod (130) is provided with a guide groove (132), and the end of the guide groove (132) away from the energy dissipation cylinder (120) is provided with an inclined surface (133). The pressure rod (104) is located above the inclined plane (133) and is used to drive the drive rod (130) to move through the inclined plane (133) so that the limiting mechanism stops restricting the piston block (121).

6. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drive rod (130) is positioned above the energy dissipation cylinder (120), and the distance between the drive rod (130) and the bottom of the pressure rod (104) is greater than the distance required for the force transmission shaft (110) to drive the support spring (122) to the first compression state, but less than the distance required for the force transmission shaft (110) to drive the support spring (122) to the second compression state.

7. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism includes a discharge channel (140) arranged axially inside the energy dissipation cylinder (120). The bottom end of the discharge channel (140) is connected to the inside of the energy dissipation cylinder (120), and the top end extends upward through the drive rod (130) and penetrates the top of the energy dissipation cylinder (120). The bottom of the piston block (121) forms a stress-relieving chamber (123) that communicates with the discharge channel (140). When the drive rod (130) is in the discharge channel (140), the stress-relieving chamber (123) is sealed to limit the downward movement of the piston block (121).

8. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The energy dissipation chamber (123) is filled with liquid.

9. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism includes a stop bar (143) that slides radially into the interior of the energy dissipation cylinder (120) and is fixedly connected to the drive rod (130) via a fixed rod (144) at the other end. When the drive rod (130) is not moving, the stop rod (143) is below the piston block (121) to limit the displacement of the piston block (121); The side wall of the energy dissipation cylinder (120) is provided with an opening (124).

10. The pressure-type coupler assembly device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer ring of the energy dissipation cylinder (120) is fixedly fitted with a stop block (150) located above the drive rod (130), and one end of the stop block (150) is elastically connected to a sliding block (151). The end of the stop block (150) is provided with a baffle (153) mounted on the assembly table (100). The baffle (153) is located in front of the sliding block (151) and is used to restrict the movement of the sliding block (151). When the sliding block (151) disengages from the baffle (153), the sliding block (151) is on the downward path of the pressure rod (104) and is used to block the pressure rod (104).

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