3870 results about "Machine press" patented technology

The invention provides a servo hydraulic system optimization control method and system for a press machine test platform, and relates to the technical field of press machines, and the method comprises the steps: building a state space expression and building a mathematical model of a servo hydraulic system based on dynamic characteristics by deducing mathematical expressions of all components of the system; building a predictive control algorithm based on the mathematical model, solving a quadratic programming problem by adopting a rolling optimization strategy through building a state space predictive model and determining a multi-objective optimization function to obtain an optimal control sequence, and taking a first element of the optimal control sequence as control input at the current moment; feedforward compensation and pressure feedback compensation are introduced, the feedforward compensation constructs a compensation model based on an inverse system of a press transfer function and pre-corrects a control signal, and the pressure feedback compensation designs a digital filter based on a pressure error, fuses a feedforward compensation signal with a pressure feedback compensation signal and superposes the fused signal with the control signal; and obtaining a final control signal.

The invention relates to the technical field of press monitoring, in particular to a digital twinning-based three-dimensional monitoring system for a precision servo press, which comprises a physical layer sensing module for acquiring real-time operating parameters, environment variables and workpiece processing data of the press; the dynamic twin construction module constructs a total-factor digital twin, and simulates a force-heat-deformation coupling effect by using finite element analysis and a multi-body dynamics algorithm based on physical attributes and process parameters; the intelligent analysis center identifies a potential fault mode of the press machine and locates an abnormal source through multi-physics field simulation data in combination with an improved CNN-LSTM model; the three-dimensional visual interaction unit constructs an interactive immersive three-dimensional virtual scene, renders a running state and a processing process in real time, and generates a maintenance strategy; and the self-adaptive regulation and control unit predicts the residual life of the key component and dynamically adjusts parameters according to a maintenance strategy and real-time monitoring data. Therefore, the problems of single monitoring dimension, disjunction of maintenance strategies and the like in the prior art are solved.

The invention discloses a force and position monitoring and analyzing system applied to a press machine, and relates to the technical field of force and position monitoring of the press machine, the force and position monitoring and analyzing system comprises a data acquisition module which is provided with a force sensor and a displacement sensor, and force and displacement data of the press machine in the punching process are monitored and acquired in real time through the force sensor and the displacement sensor. According to the force and position monitoring and analyzing system applied to the press machine, force and displacement data are accurately collected in real time through the data collecting module, the optimal action parameters of the press machine can be calculated, and the punching action of the press machine is accurately controlled; in this way, the key parameters in the stamping process can accurately reach the preset target, the product quality problem caused by parameter deviation is effectively avoided, and the quality stability and consistency of products are greatly improved; the system can quickly adjust action parameters of the press machine according to real-time monitoring and analysis results, so that the stamping process is always kept in an optimal state, time waste caused by links such as debugging and reworking is reduced, and the production efficiency is remarkably improved.

A table assembly is used to support a workpiece to facilitate bending of the workpiece. The table assembly is attached to a press brake system and include a base and a clamp. The clamp is movable relative to the base to enable placement of the workpiece onto the base, and the clamp secures the workpiece to the base to block relative movement between the workpiece and the press brake system without additional user operations. The workpiece is secured via the table assembly without a manual force (e.g., to hold the workpiece in place) while the press brake system operates to bend the workpiece. The table assembly reduces, limits, or eliminates certain user operations during metalworking. The table assembly improves user experience (e.g., reduce an amount of manual labor) and / or efficiency associated with press brake operations.

A device for heat control in laser welding of dissimilar additively-manufactured parts includes a welding main body, a moving frame, a lifting frame, a laser welding head, a temperature control mechanism, a pressing mechanism, and a supporting and cleaning mechanism. The moving frame is mounted on the welding main body. The lifting frame is provided on the moving frame. The temperature control mechanism includes a welding platform designed to hold a laser metal deposition (LMD) printed part and a selective laser melting (SLM) printed part. The laser welding head is provided on the underside of the lifting frame for to weld the LMD part to the SLM part.

The invention provides an intelligent assembling and welding manufacturing method and system for an open-type pressure machine tool body, and relates to the technical field of open-type pressure machine tool body assembling and welding. The method comprises the steps that according to the structural characteristics of the open-type pressure machine tool body, the machine tool body is divided into a plurality of independent functional modules, and the functional modules are positioned and clamped; the assembled open type pressure machine tool body is obtained; the method comprises the steps that a welding sequence optimization model of welding seams is established according to a key stress structure of an open type pressure machine tool body, and the optimal welding sequence of the welding seams is obtained by solving the welding sequence optimization model; welding the assembled open-type pressure machine tool body by utilizing the optimal welding sequence, and in the welding process, identifying a welding seam type and defect characteristics by adopting a phased array ultrasonic imaging technology, outputting a welding defect ultrasonic imaging result, predicting an expansion evolution behavior of the defect according to an intelligent detection result, and forming a quantitative defect evaluation system; and multi-information fusion intelligent evaluation of the welding quality is realized.

The invention provides a small-bending-radius pipe push-bending device and a using method thereof.The small-bending-radius pipe push-bending device comprises an upper supporting plate, a push rod, a hydraulic pressurizing pipe, a guide sleeve, a push-bending mold, a sealing joint, a sealing ring, a rubber ball, a pressure sensor, a hydraulic pushing cylinder, a movable ball joint and a hydraulic pressurizer. The using method comprises the following steps that firstly, a straight pipe needing to be machined is installed on the inner side of the push-bending mold; the guide rod is attached to the guide sleeve; a plurality of rubber balls are filled in the inner cavity of the straight pipe; a gap of an inner cavity of the straight pipe is filled through the hydraulic pressurizer; starting the press to apply downward pressure to the push rod; the liquid filling pressure is set to pressurize and support the interior of the pipe, and the pipe begins to be bent and formed along with descending of the push rod; and after 90-degree bending forming is completed, the liquid filling pressure is gradually increased for pressurization shaping. By adopting the mode of filling gaps with rubber balls and hydraulic pressure, the supporting pressure in the pipe is improved; and by adopting a differential friction form, the length of a linear section is increased, and meanwhile uniform stress in the bending process is achieved.

The invention discloses a control method and system of a servo press, and relates to the field of press control, a force displacement curve is obtained in real time from a current punching period, a key feature vector of the force displacement curve is extracted, the key feature vector is compared with an ideal golden feature vector, and a multi-dimensional deviation vector is obtained. Particularly, a deviation decoupling method based on morphological analysis is introduced, and the total deviation can be accurately decomposed into a thermal drift compensation amount caused by the thermal effect of equipment and a material characteristic compensation coefficient caused by plate performance fluctuation by analyzing translation and zooming differences of a current curve and a gold curve in form. Therefore, independent and accurate compensation can be carried out for a physical source, the problems of information aliasing and compensation failure caused by the fact that disturbance sources cannot be distinguished in the prior art are effectively solved, intelligent and feed-forward type cooperative compensation for the next stamping period is achieved, and long-term stability and high precision of the production process are ensured.

The invention discloses a press machine die changing device, which belongs to the technical field of die changing equipment, and comprises a press machine body and a power mechanism positioned on the front surface of the press machine body, a die changing trolley is arranged between the press machine body and the power mechanism, and an auxiliary support frame is rotatably mounted on the front surface of the press machine body; an electric telescopic rod is rotationally installed between the bottom of the auxiliary supporting frame and the outer wall of the front face of the press body, a bearing plate is installed on the inner side of the press body, a mold body is installed on the top of the bearing plate, a plurality of pressing plates slidably installed on the top of the bearing plate are arranged on the outer side of the mold body, and hooks are fixedly connected to the front face of the bearing plate. According to the mold changing device, the mold changing trolley is arranged, the multiple mold changing stations are arranged on the top of the mold changing trolley, before mold changing, the standby bearing plate is installed on one mold changing station, the mold body is fixed to the bearing plate through the pressing plate, then machine halt mold changing is conducted, the machine halt duration can be greatly shortened, and the mold changing efficiency is improved.

A press partner system facilitates the use of a plate-loaded press machine. The system comprises a press partner clamp apparatus and a press partner sleeve device or apparatus, configured for installation on the press machine to modify the range of motion of a machine arm thereof. The clamp apparatus comprises a C-shaped lower portion attachable to a side arm contact rod of the machine arm, an upper block portion, and at least one clamp block extension. The press partner sleeve device or apparatus comprises a lower skirt portion attachable to a bumper of the press machine such that the press partner lower skirt portion fits over at least a portion of the bumper and the press partner sleeve device or apparatus extends beyond the bumper. The system may include a unitary press partner sleeve device, and / or a press partner sleeve apparatus comprising a plurality of components and a securement strap.

The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing fault diagnosis, and particularly discloses a press machine bearing fault diagnosis method and system, a terminal and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multi-source signal data of a press machine bearing in an operation process; performing denoising and standardization processing on the signal, and extracting time domain and frequency domain features; different sensor features are fused, and multi-dimensional feature representation is constructed; inputting the features into a deep learning model combining a convolutional neural network and a long-short-term memory network for training and reasoning, and introducing a multi-kernel maximum mean value difference strategy to realize feature distribution alignment; and performing fault identification on the real-time signal based on a multi-label classification mode, and triggering an alarm when the prediction probability meets a preset condition. According to the method, fusion modeling of multi-source data and accurate recognition of composite faults are achieved, and the method has high cross-working-condition adaptive capacity and real-time diagnosis capacity and is suitable for intelligent operation and maintenance scenes of press equipment.

The invention relates to the technical field of building structure detection equipment, in particular to an assembly type ancient building supporting structure stability detection device which comprises a base, a mounting pipe, a pressure mechanism, a connecting mechanism and a top plate, the mounting pipe is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the base, and a lifting mechanism is connected in the mounting pipe; the top surface of the base is connected with a pressure mechanism, a connecting mechanism and a measuring mechanism, the pressure mechanism is in contact fit with the end part of the measuring mechanism, the measuring mechanism is arranged above the mounting pipe, a top plate is arranged on the connecting mechanism, the top plate is arranged above the measuring mechanism, and the pressure mechanism and the measuring mechanism are arranged to measure the structural stability of the supporting column before mounting; meanwhile, the state of real pressure borne by the supporting column after installation can be simulated through cooperation of the lifting mechanism and the top plate, so that the device can further test the stability of the supporting column after installation, the comprehensiveness of stability detection is improved, and the safety of the supporting column after being put into use can be further ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of hot die forging press machines, in particular to an automobile lightweight aluminum alloy hot die forging press machine which comprises a press machine body internally provided with a die, and the press machine body comprises a forging and pressing block moving in the longitudinal direction and a press machine base located at the bottom of the press machine body. A rotatable arc-shaped supporting seat is installed in the press machine base, an extension arm is fixedly arranged on one side of the arc-shaped supporting seat, a connecting rod is hinged to the tail end of the extension arm, and a transmission assembly which is hinged to the connecting rod and used for driving the arc-shaped supporting seat to rotate is installed on one side of the forging and pressing block. By arranging the transmission assembly, the connecting rod and the arc-shaped supporting base, the arc-shaped supporting base can be driven to rotate in the ascending process of the forging and pressing block, the lower die can be driven to incline in the rotating process, meanwhile, a guide column and a guide sliding groove extrude each other, and at a certain angle, an unloading push plate is driven to push out a formed workpiece; the purpose of demolding of formed workpieces is achieved, and the problems of workpiece residues or mold clamping and the like are solved.

The invention discloses a finished product detection machine for chinlon stretch yarn processing, and relates to the technical field of chinlon detection, the finished product detection machine comprises a cabinet body, the top of the cabinet body is fixedly provided with an operation table; the press machine is arranged at the top of the operation table, and the press machine is used for applying pressure to the stretch yarn; the detector is used for detecting and recording parameters and data during operation of the press machine; a chute is formed in the bottom of the inner wall of the console; the driving device is arranged on the inner wall of the sliding groove, and the driving device is used for driving the driving device to move on the inner wall of the sliding groove; the hollow cylinder is fixedly mounted at the top of the driving device, the lantern ring is rotatably mounted on the circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder, and the fixing device on one side far away from the detector moves to drive the stretch yarn to be stretched and straightened, so that the stretch yarn is fixed and straightened, and the measurement reliability of the device is improved.

The utility model discloses a concrete quality detection press machine, which relates to the technical field of concrete detection, and adopts the technical scheme that the concrete quality detection press machine comprises a platform and a pressure mechanism arranged on the platform, and a bearing platform opposite to the pressure mechanism is arranged on the platform; pushing frames capable of moving synchronously are oppositely arranged on the platform and located on the periphery of the bearing table in pairs; and a driving assembly for driving the pushing frame to move is arranged at the lower end of the platform. According to the device, the pushing frames are arranged on the four edges of the platform, so that the concrete test block can be completely centered with the pressure mechanism by synchronously clamping and pushing the concrete test block, and the high precision of experimental data is ensured.

The unbalance loading type multi-station mechanical press comprises a first supporting frame, a rotary table is rotatably installed on the first supporting frame, a rotation driving mechanism used for driving the rotary table to rotate is arranged on the first supporting frame, and the rotary table is sequentially provided with a feeding station, a detecting station, a machining station and a discharging station in the rotating direction; and the rotary table is provided with mounting ports which are circumferentially distributed. Through the arrangement of the rotary table, the carrier and other structures, the machining efficiency can be better improved through the multi-station operation mode, and the automation degree is high; the supporting mechanism is arranged and can work based on a lifting driving motor to drive a lifting adjusting screw rod to rotate, and then the lifting carrying table is controlled to ascend and descend under the guiding of a guiding base, so that a positioning block is better supported, and the pressure output mechanism works conveniently; in addition, due to the fact that the height of the supporting mechanism is adjustable and the carrier can move up and down, the pressing position of the pressure output mechanism can be well controlled, and therefore different production requirements can be met.

A hybrid contact is provided having a first contact part, which is solidly made from metal, and a second contact part in the form of a stamped and bent part, which are connected to each other in a press fit, and wherein a filament connected to a label carrier is fixed in a press fit of the contact parts.

The invention discloses a steel wheel spoke stamping die which comprises a bearing table, a lower die base arranged on the bearing table, a bearing detection assembly installed on the bearing table and used for bearing the lower die base and detecting the position of the lower die base, a press machine installed on the top of the bearing table, and an upper die base installed at the output end of the press machine in a transmission mode. The upper die base and the lower die base are matched to be used for punching a spoke workpiece, and the driving assembly is installed on the front face of the bearing table and used for driving the lower die base to revolve and driving the lower die base to rotate for die retreating. By means of the cooperative use mode of the lower die bases and the driving assembly, the driving assembly can drive the multiple lower die bases to rotate so that the multiple lower die bases can be matched with the upper die base to conduct stamping machining on the wheel spoke, and when the driving assembly drives the lower die bases to rotate to be separated from the upper die base, the lower die bases can also rotate by a circle so that the lower die bases can be automatically stripped; and therefore, the stamping production efficiency of the wheel spoke is improved.

The invention discloses a single-machine multi-station linkage type press machine which comprises a press machine body, a bearing table is arranged on the press machine body, a plurality of bottom dies are arranged on the bearing table, a lower pressing plate is arranged on the bearing table in a guiding and sliding mode, a plurality of punching heads matched with the bottom dies are arranged on the lower pressing plate, and blowing holes blowing dust upwards are formed in the bottom dies. The bottom die is further provided with a detection piece used for detecting flying dust and a cleaning device. The invention provides a single-machine multi-station linkage type press machine which can conduct punching operation on a multi-station die at the same time, meanwhile, a die cavity and a punching head can be automatically cleaned at the same time, dust and particulate matter generated by metal deformation are removed, and therefore the situation that the die is damaged due to the fact that the particulate matter is accumulated in the continuous punching process is avoided. The production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a lightweight aluminum alloy hot die forging press, and relates to the technical field of hot die forging presses. The device comprises a press machine base, a fixing frame is fixed to the rear side of the top of the press machine base, a forging and pressing assembly is arranged on the fixing frame, a movable groove is formed in the center of the top of the press machine base, a movable block is movably arranged in the movable groove, and a lower die is arranged in the center of the top of the movable block; a workpiece to be forged and pressed is conveniently transferred to the lower die, the forging and pressing assembly is matched with the lower die, forging and pressing operation can be conveniently conducted on the workpiece, a demolding assembly is arranged on the movable block and matched with the lower die, the forged and pressed workpiece can be conveniently ejected out of the lower die, and demolding of the workpiece is achieved; and after demolding, the workpieces at the rear end can be taken out conveniently, feeding, forging, demolding and discharging of the workpieces are facilitated, continuous work of workpiece forging work is guaranteed, and the machining efficiency of the workpieces is improved.

An electro-mechanical brake includes: a brake disc; a friction pad; a pressing unit configured to press the friction pad toward the brake disc; a motor supplying power to the pressing unit; a current sensor; a position sensor configured to measure a position of the pressing unit; and an initial position calculating unit calculating at least one of a home position or a contact point of the pressing unit, wherein the pressing unit is configured to pass through a first check point at which a first current is measured, and a second check point at which a second current greater than the first current is measured, and wherein the initial position calculating unit calculates at least one of the home position or the contact point based on the first current, the first check point, the second current, and the second check point.

The invention relates to the technical field of press machines, and provides a press machine for machining automobile spare parts, which comprises a rack, a lifting part, a pressing block, a bearing block and an air supply unit, the lifting part is arranged on the rack in a lifting and sliding manner, the pressing block is arranged on the lifting part, the bearing block is arranged on the rack, a product is placed between the pressing block and the bearing block, and the pressing block is provided with a through air blowing hole; the air supply unit is arranged on the rack, one end of the blowing hole is communicated with the air supply unit, the other end of the blowing hole faces the product, and after the pressing block ascends, the air supply unit supplies air to the blowing hole and is used for spraying air to the product. By means of the technical scheme, the problem that in the prior art, when metal sheet type raw materials are machined, the upwards-bent edges of the metal sheet type raw materials are prone to being clamped on the male die is solved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of hot die forging press machines, in particular to an oxide skin removing structure for a hot die forging press machine, which comprises a hot die forging press machine main body, a lower die fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the hot die forging press machine main body and an upper die fixedly arranged above the lower die through an air cylinder of the hot die forging press machine main body. A scraping assembly is fixedly arranged on one side of the hot die forging press body and comprises fixing plates, a lead screw is rotationally connected between the two fixing plates, and a sliding sleeve is connected to the outer side of the lead screw in a screwed mode. According to the device, residual oxide skin on the surface of the hot die forging press is scraped off through the scraping assembly, the situation that the forged and pressed surface of a steel billet is uneven due to the fact that the oxide skin is stacked by a certain thickness is avoided, the forging and pressing forming quality of the steel billet is improved, manual oxide skin cleaning is replaced, the cleaning process is simplified, meanwhile, fine oxide skin dust is collected in a unified mode, and the production efficiency is improved. And dust pollution caused by floating in the air in the cleaning process is avoided.

The invention discloses a servo forging press transmission system and a control method, and mainly relates to the technical field of servo press transmission control. Comprising an energy storage mechanism, a control mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a flywheel and a working mechanism, the energy storage mechanism is electrically connected with the control mechanism, the control mechanism is in electrical connection and data connection with the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is in mechanical connection with the flywheel and the working mechanism. The servo motor has the beneficial effects that the power requirement of the servo motor can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the equipment cost is reduced.

Provided is a stator assembly apparatus configured to assemble a stator, the apparatus including: a plurality of guide members that are provided in a manner enabling insertion into and withdrawal from inside the electrically-insulating members in a central axial direction of the stator core, and are arranged in a radial direction of the slots in a state of having been inserted inside the electrically-insulating members; a presser configured to press the coil radially outward with respect to the stator core; and a controller configured to control movement of the plurality of guide members. Each time the coil moved by the presser come into contact with or approaches the guide member positioned most radially inside from among the plurality of guide members inside the electrically-insulating members, the controller causes the guide member positioned most radially inside to move so as to sequentially withdraw from within the electrically-insulating members.

The invention discloses a production method of a 450MPa-grade hot-rolled plate coil for a thin-specification low-Mn longitudinal welded pipe. The production method comprises the following steps: limiting chemical components and contents of the hot-rolled plate coil in percentage by mass; the invention relates to a production process flow. KR molten iron desulphurization pretreatment, converter top and bottom blowing, LF furnace refining, RH vacuum treatment, slab continuous casting, reheating furnace treatment, rough rolling high-pressure water descaling, fixed-width press treatment, E1R1 roughing mill treatment, E2R2 roughing mill treatment, flying shear treatment, finish rolling high-pressure water descaling, F1-F7 finishing mill treatment, encryption type laminar cooling, coiling, tray transportation system treatment, sampling and inspection. According to the method, based on the advantages of 2250 mm hot rolling unit equipment, a high-grade pipeline steel product which is 5-10 mm thick and used for manufacturing the longitudinal welded pipe can be produced, meanwhile, it is guaranteed that the produced pipeline steel has high obdurability, and the production cost is low.

The invention provides an evaluation device and method for measuring the working capacity of slips of an under-pressure operation machine based on the abrasion height of the slips, and the device comprises a press device, an under-pressure operation machine slip testing device and a control and data transmission device.The method comprises the steps that firstly, the abrasion height of different slips is measured through a die cutting measurement method; then the device is used for carrying out a simulation experiment on the measured slip, and a formula of a mapping relation between the slip abrasion height and the slip working capacity is fitted through a least square method according to a simulation experiment result, so that the method for evaluating the working capacity of the slip of the under-pressure working machine is formed. According to the scheme, the aim of quantitatively evaluating the working capacity of the slips of the under-pressure operation machine at any stage in the field use process is achieved based on slip abrasion height measurement, the use safety of the slips is greatly improved, and the practical value and the popularization value are very high.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hardness detection, and relates to a concrete hardness detection device. Comprising a testing machine base, a pressure-bearing table arranged on the testing machine base and a testing machine cylinder body, a controller electrically connected with the testing machine cylinder body is installed on one side of the testing machine cylinder body, a sliding frame slides on a lifting rod of the testing machine cylinder body, the sliding frame is suitable for sliding up and down within a preset range along the lifting rod, and the lower side of the sliding frame is connected with a testing machine pressing piece; a delay switch electrically connected with the controller is installed on the upper portion of the sliding frame. When the concrete test piece is placed, the delay switch is driven to move upwards and be extruded, so that the hardness test can be automatically carried out after the concrete test piece is placed, an additional step of manually controlling starting is omitted, and the operation is convenient; in addition, the sliding range of the sliding frame is preset, so that the function of size control is realized by skillfully utilizing the relation of components; and automatic protection is achieved during hardness detection, and discharging is convenient after detection is completed.

An energy-saving rolling support and radial symmetric hydraulic cylinder drum type intelligent braking structure of a screw press comprises a motor, the motor is fixed to an upper cross beam, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a gear, the gear is meshed with an outer ring gear on a flywheel, the flywheel and a first screw are connected and rotate together, and the top of the first screw is tensioned through a first nut; hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged above the upper cross beam in the radial direction, hydraulic oil enters cavities of the hydraulic cylinders through oil conveying pipelines on the upper cross beam, advancing and retreating of piston push rods are achieved, drum brakes are installed on the front portions of the piston push rods, friction plates are symmetrically arranged on the end faces of the drum brakes, and when the piston push rods are ejected out, the friction plates make contact with the lower end faces of flywheels. Therefore, the braking of the screw rod mechanism is realized; according to the invention, the space is saved, and the braking sensitivity is improved; the friction loss of the screw press in the operation process is reduced, and the energy utilization rate is increased.

The invention provides a nitrogen spring pressure monitoring device, a nitrogen spring pressure monitoring method and processing equipment. The nitrogen spring pressure monitoring device comprises a pressure monitoring assembly and a collector, the pressure monitoring assembly is electrically connected with the collector through a transmission line, the pressure monitoring assembly is connected with a nitrogen spring located in the mold shell through a pipeline, and the pressure monitoring assembly is used for monitoring pressure data of the nitrogen spring and transmitting the pressure data to the collector; and the collector is electrically connected with the press machine through a transmission line and is used for triggering the press machine to execute corresponding operation according to the pressure data. The pressure of the nitrogen spring can be monitored, and the collector is electrically connected with the pressure monitoring assembly and the press machine in a wired mode through the transmission lines, so that the propagation speed of electric signals among the pressure monitoring assembly, the collector and the press machine is high; therefore, when the pressure of the nitrogen spring is abnormal, the press machine can execute shutdown, alarm shutdown or alarm non-shutdown operation in time.