A tower solar thermal system for stepwise heating of solid particles

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of step heating solid particle tower solar thermal system, including step heating device and its surrounding area heliostat field;The step heating device includes low-temperature particle storage tank filled with solid particles and connected in turn, particle loading container, particle lifting device, heat absorption tower and particle heat exchanger;The system prolongs the time of particle absorption solar radiation energy, realizes particle step heating, improves the temperature rise of particle single drop, and realizes high-power heat absorption by the arrangement and control of the heliostat field in different directions, the device is simple, can reduce local thermal stress, and improve the safe service life of heat absorber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a cascade heating solid particulate tower solar thermal system, which belongs to the field of solar thermal systems. Background Technology

[0002] Solar thermal conversion utilizes a large number of reflectors to focus direct sunlight and convert solar energy into heat energy. The collected heat energy can be used for power generation, seawater desalination, hot water supply, catalysis and other applications. Tower solar thermal systems are one of the most common types of solar thermal systems. The heat absorber and heat collector are the core components of the tower solar thermal system that convert solar energy into heat energy. Numerous heliostats form the heat collector, which reflects the collected solar energy onto the heat absorber to heat the heat transfer medium.

[0003] In tower-type solar thermal systems, the heat transfer medium in the absorber can be water, molten salt, liquid metal, air, supercritical carbon dioxide, solid particles, etc. Among them, solid particles such as quartz sand, clay, and ceramic particles can still maintain good performance in a temperature range of -100℃ to 1200℃. Compared with molten salt, which is already widely used, solid particles have stable physicochemical properties and do not have problems such as easy decomposition at high temperatures or easy solidification at low temperatures. Moreover, they do not corrode pipes and other equipment, are inexpensive, and are easy to obtain, and can be used as both heat transfer medium and heat storage medium.

[0004] Particulate matter solar thermal absorbers mainly come in various forms, including free-fall type, blocked type, quartz tube bundle type, centrifugal type, and fluidized bed type. Among them, the free-fall type, also known as the falling particulate matter absorber, is the most likely technology to be commercially applied on a large scale due to its simple system and convenient installation. However, the falling particulate matter absorber has a fast particle falling speed and short residence time, which is not conducive to the full absorption of solar radiation by the particulate matter.

[0005] In response to the above problems, the technicians attempted to improve the existing device, but the following problems still exist: the particle falling speed is still relatively fast, the single-stage heating particle heat absorber results in a low temperature rise of the particles per cycle; an additional power unit is required, which generates additional energy consumption; the added guide plate will increase the wear between particles; and an additional reflector is needed to allow sunlight that has passed through the particle curtain to shine on the particles again. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing related devices, such as low temperature rise of particles during a single drop, high mechanical power consumption during multiple lifts, and solar radiation loss through the particle curtain, this application provides a cascade heating solid particle tower solar thermal system. This system extends the time for particles to absorb solar radiation energy, achieves cascade heating of particles, increases the temperature rise of particles during a single drop, and achieves high-power heat absorption through the oriented arrangement and control of the heliostat field. The device is simple, reduces local thermal stress, and improves the safe service life of the heat absorber.

[0007] According to one aspect of this application, a cascade heating solid particulate tower solar thermal system is provided, including a cascade heating device and a surrounding regional heliostat field.

[0008] The cascade heating device includes a low-temperature particulate matter storage tank filled with solid particulate matter and connected in sequence, a particulate matter loading container, a particulate matter lifting device, a heat absorption tower and a particulate matter heat exchanger.

[0009] The heat absorption tower includes, from top to bottom, a primary heat absorption section, a secondary heat absorption section, a tertiary heat absorption section, a quaternary heat absorption section, and a high-temperature particulate matter storage tank;

[0010] The high-temperature particulate matter storage tank is connected to the low-temperature particulate matter storage tank via the particulate matter heat exchanger.

[0011] The solid particles falling in the cascade heating device have a high temperature rise in a single step due to the cascade heating, which can reduce the consumption of mechanical work. Moreover, the structure of each device in the system is simple, and the diameter of the particles, the size of the heat absorber and the area of ​​the corresponding heliostat field can be customized according to the needs. There are no restrictions on the application scenarios, and it has the potential for large-scale application.

[0012] Optionally, each heat absorption section includes a distribution device, a flow regulating device, a photothermal heat absorber, and a collection and mixing device connected in sequence, wherein each photothermal heat absorber is disposed on the surface of the heat absorption tower;

[0013] The heat absorption sections at each level are connected by particulate matter flow pipelines;

[0014] The primary heat absorption section, the secondary heat absorption section, the tertiary heat absorption section, and the quaternary heat absorption section are respectively arranged in different directions of the heat absorption tower.

[0015] Absorbers facing different directions receive concentrated solar energy reflected by heliostats in their respective regions, and the heat flux density on the absorbers is evenly distributed, which can effectively avoid local overheating.

[0016] In addition, the flow rate of falling solid particles is adjustable, which can adapt to the fluctuations in the focused and reflected solar radiation energy flow, avoid the low temperature rise caused by a large flow rate of solid particles when solar radiation is low, thus avoiding the generation of useless mechanical work, while ensuring the stability of the flow rate of solid particles at each stage.

[0017] The falling solid particles form a thin particle curtain in each stage of the solar thermal absorber. The solid particles can fully absorb solar radiation and be heated directly and evenly, avoiding heat loss caused by indirect heat conduction and improving the thermal efficiency of the absorber.

[0018] In addition, the solar radiation passing through the particle curtain is absorbed by the solar thermal absorbers at each level, which reheats the solid particles in the solar thermal absorbers, further improving the single temperature rise of the solid particles and the heat absorption efficiency of the absorbers.

[0019] The heat absorption sections are arranged vertically, with smooth surfaces, simple structure and no obstruction. The particles fall only by gravity, without the need for additional power devices. The particle curtain flows smoothly and there is no particle blockage.

[0020] Optionally, the primary heat absorption section is located on the east side;

[0021] The primary heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a first-stage particulate matter distribution device, a first-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a first-stage photothermal absorber, and a first-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

[0022] Optionally, the secondary heat absorption section is located on the north side;

[0023] The secondary heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a second-stage particulate matter distribution device, a second-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a second-stage photothermal absorber, and a second-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

[0024] Optionally, the three-stage heat absorption section is located on the west side;

[0025] The three-stage heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a third-stage particulate matter distribution device, a third-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a third-stage photothermal absorber, and a third-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

[0026] Optionally, the fourth-stage heat absorption section is located on the south side;

[0027] The four-stage heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a fourth-stage particulate matter distribution device, a fourth-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a fourth-stage photothermal absorber, and a fourth-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

[0028] Optionally, the regional heliostat field includes an east-facing regional heliostat field, a north-facing regional heliostat field, a west-facing regional heliostat field, and a south-facing regional heliostat field;

[0029] Several heliostats facing the heat absorber are arranged in each area.

[0030] Optionally, with true north as 0°, clockwise direction is positive and counterclockwise direction is negative:

[0031] The heliostat field spread angle in the eastward region is 45° to 135°.

[0032] The heliostat field spread angle in the southward region is 135° to 225°.

[0033] The heliostat field spread angle in the westward region is -135° to -45°.

[0034] The heliostat field spread angle in the northward region is -45° to 45°.

[0035] Optionally, the solid particles have a particle size in the micrometer range and are stable in physical and chemical properties in an air environment within a temperature range of -100℃ to 1500℃.

[0036] Preferably, the shape of the solid particles is selected from spherical, elliptical, or other feasible shapes;

[0037] Preferably, the solid particles are selected from ceramic particles, sintered bauxite particles, silicon carbide particles, silica particles, or other particles made of materials with high thermal conductivity, high hardness, and high radiation absorptivity.

[0038] Solid particles exhibit good chemical stability and flowability at high temperatures and can be produced in single or multiple sizes. To improve heat transfer efficiency, solid particles should be selected from materials with high thermal conductivity. To reduce particle wear during the blending process, solid particles should possess high hardness. To enhance the absorption of solar radiation and thermal radiation from surrounding high-temperature particles, solid particles should have a high radiation absorptivity.

[0039] Optionally, the photothermal absorber is made of a high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy material, which has stable physical and chemical properties in the temperature range of -100℃ to 1200℃ in air.

[0040] Photothermal absorbers made from this material can maintain stability even under long-term exposure to high-density concentrated radiation, exhibit strong oxidation resistance, long service life, and low maintenance costs.

[0041] Work process:

[0042] The solar thermal system of this application utilizes a particle lifting device to transport low-temperature solid particles stored in a low-temperature particle storage tank through a particle loading container to the inlet of the first-stage particle distribution device in the first-stage heat absorption section. By adjusting the metal baffle of the first-stage particle flow regulating device, the solid particles pass evenly through the first-stage solar thermal absorber under the action of gravity, forming a thin particle curtain. The solid particles fully absorb solar radiation and are effectively and evenly heated directly, avoiding heat loss caused by indirect heat conduction and improving the thermal efficiency of the solar thermal absorber.

[0043] In addition, the solar radiation passing through the particle curtain is absorbed by the photothermal absorber, which reheats the solid particles in the photothermal absorber, further improving the single temperature rise of the solid particles and the heat absorption efficiency of the absorber.

[0044] The heated solid particles fall into the first-stage particle collection and mixing device, and enter the second-stage heat absorption section through the particle flow pipeline and the inlet of the second-stage particle distribution device. The heating process is repeated. The solid particles pass through the inlet of the third-stage particle distribution device and the inlet of the fourth-stage particle distribution device in sequence until they have completely passed through each heat absorption section. The solid particles after being heated in stages enter the high-temperature particle storage tank for storage through the heat-absorbing particle outlet.

[0045] Some high-temperature particles transfer heat through a particle heat exchanger. The cooled particles are returned to a low-temperature particle storage tank and then transported to a first-stage particle distribution device using a particle lifting device. The above steps are repeated to achieve the cyclic heating and reuse of solid particles.

[0046] During this period, based on the heat collection requirements of each heat-absorbing section and the amount of solar radiation energy gathered by the surrounding regional heliostat fields, the flow rate of solid particles in each heat-absorbing section is adjusted. Regional heliostat fields of corresponding directions are arranged for each heat-absorbing section with different orientations, so as to provide concentrated solar energy for each heat-absorbing section and evenly distribute the heat flux density on each solar thermal absorber, which can effectively avoid local overheating.

[0047] Several heliostats in each region reflect the concentrated solar radiation energy to various levels of photothermal absorbers. Most of the solar radiation energy is absorbed by the solid particles in the photothermal absorbers and converted into heat energy stored in the solid particles, thus increasing the temperature of the solid particles.

[0048] The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:

[0049] The cascade heating solid particulate matter tower solar thermal system provided in this application has the following advantages:

[0050] 1. It extends the time for particulate matter to absorb solar radiation, enabling tiered heating of particulate matter and increasing the temperature rise of particulate matter during a single fall. At the same time, it achieves high-power heat absorption through the oriented arrangement and control of regional heliostat fields. The device has a simple structure, which can reduce local thermal stress and improve the safe service life of the solar thermal absorber. The diameter of the particulate matter, the size of the absorber, and the area of ​​the corresponding heliostat field can also be customized according to requirements. There are no restrictions on the application scenarios, and it has the potential for large-scale application.

[0051] 2. The flow rate of falling particles is adjustable, ensuring the stability of the flow rate of particles at each stage while adapting to the fluctuations of focused and reflected solar radiation energy flow, avoiding the low temperature rise caused by a large flow rate of particles when solar radiation is low, thus avoiding the generation of useless mechanical work.

[0052] 3. Particulate matter can fully absorb solar radiation and be heated directly and evenly, avoiding heat loss caused by indirect heat conduction and improving the thermal efficiency of the absorber. At the same time, each stage of the solar thermal absorber can absorb solar radiation that is not directly absorbed by the solid particulate matter and then heat the particulate matter again, further improving the single temperature rise of the particulate matter and the heat absorption efficiency of the absorber.

[0053] 4. The solar thermal absorbers at each level are arranged vertically, and the particles fall only by gravity, without the need for additional power devices. Furthermore, the surfaces of the solar thermal absorbers at each level are smooth, the structure is simple and there are no obstructions, so the particle curtain flows smoothly and there will be no particle blockage. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a tower solar thermal system in use according to one embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cascade heating device of a tower solar thermal system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a top view of the regional heliostat field of a tower solar thermal system with oriented layout provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a front view of the primary heat absorption section and particulate flow pipeline of a tower solar thermal system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a front view of the secondary heat absorption section, the tertiary heat absorption section, and the particulate flow pipeline of a tower solar thermal system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0059] Figure 6This is a front view of the four-stage heat absorption section and particulate flow pipeline of a tower solar thermal system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0060] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the particulate matter flow regulation device of a tower solar thermal system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0061] List of components and reference numerals:

[0062] 1-Low-temperature particulate matter storage tank; 2-Particulate matter loading container; 3-Solid particulate matter; 4-Particulate matter lifting device; 5-First-stage particulate matter distribution device; 6-First-stage particulate matter flow regulation device; 7-First-stage photothermal absorber; 8-First-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device; 9-Particulate matter flow pipeline; 10-Second-stage particulate matter distribution device; 11-Second-stage particulate matter flow regulation device; 12-Second-stage photothermal absorber; 13-Second-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device; 14-Third-stage particulate matter distribution device; 15-Third-stage photothermal absorber; 16-Third-stage particulate matter flow regulation device; 17-Third-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device; 8-Fourth-stage particulate matter distribution device; 19-Fourth-stage particulate matter flow regulation device; 20-Fourth-stage photothermal absorber; 21-Fourth-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device; 22-High-temperature particulate matter storage tank; 23-Particulate matter heat exchanger; 24-Heat absorber tower; 25-Eastern region heliostat field; 26-Northern region heliostat field; 27-Western region heliostat field; 28-Southern region heliostat field; 29-Metal baffle; 5a-Inlet of the first-stage particulate matter distribution device; 10a-Inlet of the second-stage particulate matter distribution device; 14a-Inlet of the third-stage particulate matter distribution device; 18a-Inlet of the fourth-stage particulate matter distribution device; 30-Outlet of particulate matter after heat absorption. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0064] According to one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, this application provides a cascade heating solid particulate matter three-tower solar thermal system, including a cascade heating device and a surrounding heliostat field;

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the cascade heating device includes a low-temperature particulate storage tank 1 filled with solid particulate matter 3 and connected in sequence, a particulate loading container 2, a particulate lifting device 4, a heat absorption tower 24, and a particulate heat exchanger 23.

[0066] The heat absorption tower 24 includes a primary heat absorption section, a secondary heat absorption section, a tertiary heat absorption section, a quaternary heat absorption section, and a high-temperature particulate matter storage tank 22, which are connected from top to bottom.

[0067] The high-temperature particulate matter storage tank 22 is connected to the low-temperature particulate matter storage tank 1 through the particulate matter heat exchanger 23.

[0068] The solid particles 3 falling in the stepped heating device have a high temperature rise in a single step after stepped heating, which can reduce the consumption of mechanical work. Moreover, the structure of each device in the system is simple, and the diameter of the particles, the size of the heat absorber and the area of ​​the corresponding heliostat field can be customized according to the needs. There are no restrictions on the application scenarios, and it has the potential for large-scale application.

[0069] Each heat absorption section includes a distribution device, a flow regulating device, a photothermal heat absorber, and a collection and mixing device connected in sequence, wherein each photothermal heat absorber is disposed on the surface of the heat absorption tower 24;

[0070] The heat absorption sections at each level are connected by a 9-phase particulate flow pipeline;

[0071] The primary heat absorption section, the secondary heat absorption section, the tertiary heat absorption section, and the quaternary heat absorption section are respectively arranged in different directions of the heat absorption tower 24.

[0072] Absorbers facing different directions receive concentrated solar energy reflected by heliostats in their respective regions, and the heat flux density on the absorbers is evenly distributed, which can effectively avoid local overheating.

[0073] In addition, the flow rate of falling solid particles 3 is adjustable, which can adapt to the fluctuations of solar radiation energy flow from focused reflection, avoid the low temperature rise caused by a large flow rate of solid particles 3 when solar radiation is low, thus avoiding the generation of useless mechanical work, while ensuring the stability of the flow rate of solid particles 3 at each stage.

[0074] The falling solid particles 3 form a thin particle curtain in each stage of the solar thermal absorber. The solid particles 3 can fully absorb solar radiation and be heated directly and evenly, avoiding heat loss caused by indirect heat conduction and improving the thermal efficiency of the absorber.

[0075] In addition, the solar radiation passing through the particle curtain is absorbed by the photothermal absorbers at each level, which reheats the solid particles 3 in the photothermal absorbers, further improving the single temperature rise of the solid particles 3 and the heat absorption efficiency of the absorbers.

[0076] The heat absorption sections are arranged vertically, with smooth surfaces, simple structure and no obstruction. The particles fall only by gravity, without the need for additional power devices. The particle curtain flows smoothly and there is no particle blockage.

[0077] The primary heat absorption section is located on the east side;

[0078] like Figure 4As shown, the first-stage heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a first-stage particulate matter distribution device 5, a first-stage particulate matter flow regulation device 6, a first-stage photothermal absorber 7, and a first-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device 8.

[0079] The secondary heat absorption section is located on the north side;

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the secondary heat absorption section includes a second-stage particulate matter distribution device 10, a second-stage particulate matter flow regulation device 11, a second-stage photothermal absorber 12, and a second-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device 13, which are connected sequentially from top to bottom.

[0081] The three-stage heat absorption section is located on the west side;

[0082] The three-stage heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a third-stage particulate matter distribution device 14, a third-stage particulate matter flow regulation device 16, a third-stage photothermal absorber 15, and a third-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device 17.

[0083] The fourth-stage heat absorption section is located on the south side;

[0084] like Figure 6 As shown, the four-stage heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a fourth-stage particulate matter distribution device 18, a fourth-stage particulate matter flow regulation device 19, a fourth-stage photothermal absorber 20, and a fourth-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device 21.

[0085] like Figure 3 As shown, the regional heliostat fields include the east-facing regional heliostat field 25, the north-facing regional heliostat field 26, the west-facing regional heliostat field 27, and the south-facing regional heliostat field 28.

[0086] Several heliostats facing the heat absorber 24 are arranged in each area.

[0087] With true north as 0°, clockwise direction is positive and counterclockwise direction is negative:

[0088] The expansion angle of the heliostat field 25 in the eastward region is 45° to 135°.

[0089] The south-facing heliostat field 28 has an expansion angle of 135° to 225°.

[0090] The westward region heliostat field 27 has an expansion angle of -135° to -45°.

[0091] The expansion angle of the heliostat field 26 in the northward region is -45° to 45°.

[0092] The solid particles 3 are micron-sized, spherical in shape, made of ceramic particles, with a single particle size, and have stable physicochemical properties in an air environment within a temperature range of -100℃ to 1500℃.

[0093] The photothermal absorber is made of high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy material, and its physical and chemical properties are stable in the temperature range of -100℃ to 1200℃ in air environment.

[0094] Photothermal absorbers made from this material can maintain stability even under long-term exposure to high-density concentrated radiation, exhibit strong oxidation resistance, long service life, and low maintenance costs.

[0095] Work process:

[0096] The solar thermal system of this application utilizes a particulate matter lifting device 4 to transport the low-temperature solid particulate matter 3 stored in the low-temperature particulate matter storage tank 1 through the particulate matter loading container 2 to the inlet 5a of the first-stage particulate matter distribution device in the first-stage heat absorption section. This is achieved by adjusting... Figure 7 The metal baffle 29 of the first-stage particulate matter flow regulating device 6 shown allows solid particles 3 to pass evenly through the first-stage photothermal absorber 7 under the action of gravity, forming a thin particle curtain.

[0097] The heliostat field 25 in the eastward region reflects the concentrated solar radiation energy onto the first-stage photothermal absorber 7. Most of the sunlight directly shines on the particle curtain, and the solid particles 3 fully absorb the solar radiation and are effectively and uniformly heated directly, avoiding heat loss caused by indirect heat conduction and improving the thermal efficiency of the photothermal absorber.

[0098] A small portion of the solar radiation that penetrates the particle curtain is absorbed by the first-stage solar thermal absorber 7. Through heat conduction and radiation, the solid particles 3 in the solar thermal absorber are heated a second time, further increasing the single temperature rise of the solid particles 3 and reducing the overflow loss of concentrated solar radiation energy.

[0099] The heated solid particles 3 fall into the first-stage particle collection and mixing device 8, and enter the second-stage heat absorption section through the particle flow pipeline 9. At this point, the heating of the solid particles 3 in the first-stage heat absorption section is completed.

[0100] Subsequently, the solid particles 3 pass through the inlet 10a of the second-stage particle distribution device, the inlet 14a of the third-stage particle distribution device, and the inlet 18a of the fourth-stage particle distribution device in sequence. The same heating process as in the first-stage heat absorption section is repeated in each heat absorption section until the solid particles 3 have completely passed through each heat absorption section. After being heated in stages, the solid particles 3 enter the high-temperature particle storage tank 22 through the heat-absorbing particle outlet 30 for storage.

[0101] High-temperature particles transfer heat to other working fluids through particle heat exchanger 23. After cooling, the particles return to low-temperature particle storage tank 1 and are then transported to the first-stage particle distribution device 5 by particle lifting device 4. The above steps are repeated to achieve the cyclic heating and reuse of solid particles 3.

[0102] During this period, based on the heat collection requirements of each heat-absorbing section and the amount of solar radiation energy gathered by the surrounding regional heliostat fields, the flow rate of solid particles 3 in each heat-absorbing section is adjusted. Regional heliostat fields of corresponding directions are arranged for each heat-absorbing section with different orientations, so as to provide concentrated solar energy for each heat-absorbing section and evenly distribute the heat flux density on each solar thermal absorber. This can effectively avoid local overheating and extend the service life of the solar thermal absorber.

[0103] Several heliostats in each region reflect the concentrated solar radiation energy to the solar thermal absorbers at each level. Most of the solar radiation energy is absorbed by the solid particles 3 in the solar thermal absorbers at each level and converted into heat energy stored in the solid particles 3, thereby increasing the temperature of the solid particles 3.

[0104] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and all fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A cascade heating tower-type solar thermal system for solid particles, characterized in that, This includes the tiered heating device and the surrounding heliostat field; The cascade heating device includes a low-temperature particulate matter storage tank filled with solid particulate matter and connected in sequence, a particulate matter loading container, a particulate matter lifting device, a heat absorption tower and a particulate matter heat exchanger. The heat absorption tower includes, from top to bottom, a primary heat absorption section, a secondary heat absorption section, a tertiary heat absorption section, a quaternary heat absorption section, and a high-temperature particulate matter storage tank; The high-temperature particulate matter storage tank is connected to the low-temperature particulate matter storage tank via the particulate matter heat exchanger.

2. The cascade heating solid particulate matter tower solar thermal system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each heat absorption section includes a distribution device, a flow regulating device, a photothermal heat absorber, and a collection and mixing device connected in sequence, wherein each photothermal heat absorber is installed on the surface of the heat absorption tower; The heat absorption sections at each level are connected by particulate matter flow pipelines; The primary heat absorption section, the secondary heat absorption section, the tertiary heat absorption section, and the quaternary heat absorption section are respectively arranged in different directions of the heat absorption tower.

3. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower-type solar thermal system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The primary heat absorption section is located on the east side; The primary heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a first-stage particulate matter distribution device, a first-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a first-stage photothermal absorber, and a first-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

4. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower-type solar thermal system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The secondary heat absorption section is located on the north side; The secondary heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a second-stage particulate matter distribution device, a second-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a second-stage photothermal absorber, and a second-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

5. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower-type solar thermal system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The three-stage heat absorption section is located on the west side; The three-stage heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a third-stage particulate matter distribution device, a third-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a third-stage photothermal absorber, and a third-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

6. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower-type solar thermal system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fourth-stage heat absorption section is located on the south side; The four-stage heat absorption section includes, from top to bottom, a fourth-stage particulate matter distribution device, a fourth-stage particulate matter flow regulation device, a fourth-stage photothermal absorber, and a fourth-stage particulate matter collection and mixing device.

7. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower solar thermal system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regional heliostat fields include the eastern regional heliostat field, the northern regional heliostat field, the western regional heliostat field, and the southern regional heliostat field; Several heliostats facing the heat absorber are arranged in each area.

8. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower solar thermal system according to claim 7, characterized in that, With true north as 0°, clockwise direction is positive and counterclockwise direction is negative: The heliostat field spread angle in the eastward region is 45° to 135°. The heliostat field spread angle in the southward region is 135° to 225°. The heliostat field spread angle in the westward region is -135° to -45°. The heliostat field spread angle in the northward region is -45° to 45°.

9. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower solar thermal system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid particles have a particle size in the micrometer range and are stable in physical and chemical properties in an air environment within a temperature range of -100℃ to 1500℃. Preferably, the shape of the solid particles is selected from either spherical or elliptical. Preferably, the solid particles are selected from one of ceramic particles, sintered bauxite particles, silicon carbide particles, and silica particles.

10. A cascade heating solid particulate matter tower-type solar thermal system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photothermal absorber is made of high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy material, and its physical and chemical properties are stable in the air environment within a temperature range of -100℃ to 1200℃.

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