Drop test device for hollow blocks and drop test method for hollow blocks

Abstract

This application provides a drop testing device and method for hollow blocks. The drop testing device for hollow blocks includes a clamping mechanism, a posture adjustment mechanism, a release mechanism, and an impact surface mechanism. The clamping mechanism includes at least two pairs of clamps, one of which is higher than the other. At least one of the at least two pairs of clamps operates to clamp hollow blocks in corresponding postures. The upper clamp in a pair is connected to the posture adjustment mechanism, which drives the upper clamp to move to a clamping position corresponding to the posture of the clamped hollow block. The lower clamp in a pair is connected to the release mechanism, which drives the lower clamp to release the clamp from the hollow block, allowing the hollow block to fall freely in its clamped posture. The impact surface mechanism is located below the clamping mechanism. This application provides strong traceability and an extremely short feedback cycle for the anti-breakage performance of hollow blocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of drop testing, and more specifically, to a drop testing apparatus and a drop testing method for hollow blocks. Background Technology

[0002] This section provides only background information relevant to this disclosure and is not necessarily prior art.

[0003] Hollow blocks are inevitably subjected to impacts such as falling, collisions, and tipping during production, demolding, stacking, in-plant transport, loading and unloading, on-site secondary handling, and construction. Due to the porous, thin-walled, and angular characteristics of hollow blocks, as well as their significant local stress concentration and brittle or quasi-brittle nature, these impacts often lead to damage such as chipped edges, cracks, broken hole walls, and localized spalling. This results in strength loss, substandard appearance quality, reduced construction efficiency, and increased rework and material waste.

[0004] In engineering practice, evaluation is carried out by visual assessment or statistics on the damage rate upon arrival / on-site. This is a result-based statistical method, which is greatly affected by the randomness of working conditions and human judgment. The data is discrete, has weak traceability, and has a long feedback cycle, making it difficult to use for rapid iteration of mix proportion and process optimization.

[0005] To reduce the overall breakage rate, a testing device is needed to characterize the impact resistance of hollow blocks, so as to quickly evaluate the differences between different block types, mix proportions and process conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve the problems of weak traceability and long feedback cycles caused by the existing method of visually evaluating the breakage rate of hollow blocks. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides a drop testing device for hollow blocks, comprising a clamping mechanism, an attitude adjustment mechanism, a release mechanism, and an impact surface mechanism. The clamping mechanism includes at least two pairs of clamps for clamping hollow blocks in different attitudes, with one pair of clamps positioned higher than the other along the drop test direction. One of the at least two pairs of clamps operates selectively to clamp a hollow block in a corresponding attitude. The upper clamp in a pair is connected to the attitude adjustment mechanism, which drives the upper clamp to move to a clamping position corresponding to the attitude of the clamped hollow block. The lower clamp in a pair is connected to the release mechanism, which drives the lower clamp to release the clamp from the hollow block, allowing the hollow block to fall freely in its clamped attitude. The impact surface mechanism is located below the clamping mechanism and is used to withstand the impact of the falling hollow block.

[0007] The drop test device for hollow blocks in this embodiment utilizes multiple pairs of clamps to hold the hollow blocks, and a release mechanism releases the blocks, allowing them to fall freely onto the impact surface mechanism according to their clamped posture, completing one drop test. By setting multiple pairs of clamps, the hollow blocks are dropped in different postures, adapting to different drop scenarios from production to the field. This allows for repeatable, comparable, and quantifiable characterization of the hollow blocks' impact resistance, enabling rapid evaluation of differences in different block types, mix proportions, and process conditions based on the damage status of the hollow blocks. It offers strong traceability and an extremely short feedback cycle, providing direct evidence for optimizing the damage resistance of hollow blocks. It is used for rapid comparison and optimization iteration of different block types, mix proportions, and process conditions to reduce the overall breakage rate.

[0008] In addition, the drop test apparatus for hollow blocks according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features: In some embodiments of the present invention, the drop test device for hollow blocks further includes an image acquisition mechanism and a control module. The image acquisition mechanism is used to acquire two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information of the hollow block after it has been dropped. The attitude adjustment mechanism, the release mechanism, and the image acquisition mechanism are all communicatively connected to the control module, which is used to calculate the breakage parameters based on the two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information and the intact image information before breakage.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the damage parameters include at least one of the following: the location of the damaged part, the length and width of the damaged part, the area of ​​the damaged part, the volume of the damaged part, the crack length, and the crack width.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the drop test device for hollow blocks further includes a frame and a lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism is fixed to the frame. The upper part of the pair of clamps is connected to the lifting mechanism through an attitude adjustment mechanism, and the lower part of the pair of clamps is connected to the lifting mechanism through a release mechanism. The lifting mechanism is used to drive the clamping mechanism, attitude adjustment mechanism and release mechanism to lift synchronously.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the release mechanism includes a swing drive member connected to the lower of the pair of clamps and causing the lower of the pair of clamps to swing downward.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least two pairs of clamps include a pair of first clamps and a pair of second clamps. The pair of first clamps is used to clamp a hollow block in a first posture, and the pair of second clamps is used to clamp a hollow block in a second posture. The first posture and the second posture are different. The upper one of the pair of first clamps or the upper one of the pair of second clamps is fixedly disposed with a posture adjustment mechanism. The lower one of the pair of second clamps is rotatably connected to a release mechanism through a rotating shaft structure. The rotating shaft structure is configured to allow the lower one of the pair of second clamps to rotate around an axis within a preset angle range.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the attitude adjustment mechanism includes a robotic arm structure connected to the upper one of a pair of first clamps or the upper one of a pair of second clamps; and / or, the first clamp includes a first clamping surface, the two first clamping surfaces of the two first clamps are disposed opposite to each other, and the two first clamping surfaces are used to clamp the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow block to form a first attitude.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second clamp includes a second clamping surface and a third clamping surface arranged at right angles, the second clamping surface and the third clamping surface being used to clamp one edge of the hollow block, one of the second clamps being used to clamp the upper edge of the hollow block, and the other second clamp being used to clamp the lower edge of the hollow block, so as to form a second posture in which the lower edge faces the impact surface mechanism.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the clamping mechanism further includes a pair of third clamps for clamping the hollow block in a third posture. The third posture, the first posture, and the second posture are different. The third clamp includes a fourth clamping surface, a fifth clamping surface, and a sixth clamping surface arranged perpendicularly to each other. The fourth clamping surface, the fifth clamping surface, and the sixth clamping surface are used to clamp one edge of the hollow block. The upper part of the pair of third clamps clamps the upper edge of the hollow block, and the lower part of the pair of third clamps clamps the lower edge of the hollow block to form a third posture in which the lower edge faces the impact surface mechanism. The lower part of the pair of third clamps is connected to the release mechanism through a rotation fulcrum structure. The rotation fulcrum structure is configured to allow the lower part of the pair of third clamps to swing arbitrarily within a preset space along the rotation fulcrum.

[0016] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for drop testing of hollow blocks, comprising the following steps: a. After the hollow block is placed in the lower clamp of the pair of first clamps, the attitude adjustment mechanism is controlled to drive the upper clamp of the pair of first clamps to clamp the hollow block. b. Control the lifting mechanism to raise the hollow block to the set drop height, and control the attitude adjustment mechanism to adjust the hollow block to the corresponding attitude or maintain the corresponding attitude; c. Control the release mechanism to open, and the release mechanism drives the lower clamp of the pair of first clamps to move, so that the hollow block falls freely onto the impact surface mechanism in a clamped posture. d. Control the image acquisition mechanism to acquire two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information of the hollow block after it falls; e. Register the two-dimensional image information and / or three-dimensional image information with the intact image information before the damage, and calculate the damage parameters; f. Control the lifting mechanism to descend, replace the first clamp with the second clamp, and repeat steps a to e, wherein the second clamp and the first clamp are used to clamp hollow blocks in different postures. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a drop test apparatus for hollow blocks according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the first clamp of the clamping mechanism in a drop test apparatus for hollow blocks is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a second clamping fixture in a drop test apparatus for hollow blocks is shown. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a third clamping fixture in a drop test apparatus for hollow blocks is shown. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a release mechanism and a clamping mechanism in a drop test device for hollow blocks is shown. Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for testing hollow blocks according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically.

[0018] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Clamping mechanism; 11. First clamp; 111. First clamping surface; 12. Second clamp; 121. Second clamping surface; 122. Third clamping surface; 13. Third clamp; 131. Fourth clamping surface; 132. Fifth clamping surface; 133. Sixth clamping surface; 2. Attitude adjustment mechanism; 3. Release mechanism; 31. Swing drive component; 32. Support plate; 4. Impact surface mechanism; 5. Image acquisition mechanism; 6. Control module; 7. Frame; 8. Lifting mechanism; 9. Hollow blocks. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0020] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0021] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0022] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "over," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" would subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0023] like Figures 1-5 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a drop test device for a hollow block 9 is provided. The drop test device for the hollow block 9 includes a clamping mechanism 1, a posture adjustment mechanism 2, a release mechanism 3, and an impact surface mechanism 4. The clamping mechanism 1 includes at least two pairs of clamps for clamping hollow blocks 9 in different postures. One of the clamps in a pair is higher than the other in the direction of the drop test. At least one of the at least two pairs of clamps operates to clamp the hollow block 9 in the corresponding posture. The upper clamp in a pair is connected to the posture adjustment mechanism 2, which drives the upper clamp in the pair to move to a clamping position corresponding to the posture of the clamped hollow block. The lower clamp in a pair is connected to the release mechanism 3, which drives the lower clamp in the pair to release the clamp on the hollow block 9, allowing the hollow block 9 to fall freely in the clamped posture. The impact surface mechanism 4 is located below the clamping mechanism 1 and is used to withstand the impact of the hollow block 9 falling.

[0024] For example, at least two pairs of clamps include at least one pair of first clamps 11 and at least one pair of second clamps 12, wherein the number of first clamps 11 or second clamps 12 can be one, two, or more pairs. When there are multiple pairs of first clamps 11, the shape of the first clamps 11 in each pair can be the same or different, but they all ensure that the hollow block maintains a first posture. Similarly, when there are multiple pairs of second clamps 12, the shape of the second clamps 12 in each pair can be the same or different, but they all ensure that the hollow block maintains a second posture, where the first posture and the second posture are different.

[0025] The first clamp 11 positions the hollow block 9 in a first posture, and the second clamp 12 positions the hollow block 9 in a second posture. For example, the hollow block 9 has a cuboid structure. The first posture can be any surface of the hollow block 9 facing down, and the second posture can be any edge of the hollow block 9 facing down. The first posture or the second posture can also be any corner of the hollow block 9 facing down.

[0026] In this embodiment, one of the two clamps is taller than the other. The two clamps can be arranged vertically, either vertically or diagonally.

[0027] "Multiple pairs of fixtures select one" means that only one pair of fixtures is in the clamping state, while the other pairs are not in the clamping state.

[0028] Optionally, the upper one of the paired clamps can be detachably connected to the attitude adjustment mechanism 2, specifically by means of snap-fit ​​or threaded connection.

[0029] Optionally, the release mechanism 3 can be detachably connected to the lower one of the paired clamps, specifically by means of snap-fit ​​or threaded connection.

[0030] The attitude adjustment mechanism 2 drives the upper clamp to move to a clamping position corresponding to the posture of the hollow block being held. During this process, the release mechanism 3 remains stationary. The attitude adjustment mechanism 2 and the release mechanism 3 together move the paired clamps to hold the hollow block in its corresponding posture. Upon release, the release mechanism 3 swings downwards, the supporting force on the lower part of the hollow block 9 disappears, and the hollow block 9 falls freely. It should be noted that the release mechanism 3 does not disturb the hollow block 9 at the moment of release, allowing it to fall vertically while maintaining its posture.

[0031] In one embodiment, the two clamps in a pair can be detachably and relatively fixedly connected to the attitude adjustment mechanism 2 and the release mechanism 3. Thus, when the two clamps are installed, they are connected to the attitude adjustment mechanism 2 and the release mechanism 3 at predetermined angles, which allow the hollow block to achieve a corresponding posture. The attitude adjustment mechanism 2 can be a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or linear motor, etc., which moves vertically downwards and works in conjunction with the release mechanism 3 to clamp the hollow block 9. Optionally, the attitude adjustment mechanism may also include a horizontally driven component, thereby moving the upper clamp horizontally to adjust its clamping position.

[0032] The impact surface mechanism 4 in this embodiment is used to simulate impact surface conditions under different engineering scenarios, including but not limited to rigid cement board impact surface, steel plate impact surface (simulating the car floor), sand cushion layer impact surface, and elastic buffer pad impact surface.

[0033] The drop test device for hollow blocks 9 in this embodiment uses multiple pairs of clamps to hold the hollow blocks 9, and the release mechanism 3 releases the hollow blocks 9. The hollow blocks 9 fall freely onto the impact surface mechanism 4 according to their clamped posture, completing one drop test. By setting multiple pairs of clamps, the hollow blocks 9 can be dropped in different postures, adapting to different drop scenarios from production to the field. This allows for repeatable, comparable, and quantifiable characterization of the impact resistance of the hollow blocks 9. Based on the damage condition of the hollow blocks 9, the differences between different block types, mix proportions, and process conditions can be quickly evaluated, providing a direct basis for optimizing the damage resistance of the hollow blocks 9. This device can be used for rapid comparison and optimization iteration of different block types, mix proportions, and process conditions to reduce the overall breakage rate. This invention can shorten the feedback cycle of "mix proportion—process—damage resistance performance," and can be used for rapid screening of multiple solutions in the laboratory, as well as for production and acceptance scenarios, forming a unified evaluation standard from R&D to engineering application.

[0034] In some embodiments, the drop test device for the hollow block 9 further includes an image acquisition mechanism 5 and a control module 6. The image acquisition mechanism 5 is used to acquire two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information of the hollow block 9 after it has been dropped. The attitude adjustment mechanism 2, the release mechanism 3, and the image acquisition mechanism 5 are all communicatively connected to the control module 6, which is used to calculate the damage parameters based on the two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information and the intact image information before the damage.

[0035] The image acquisition mechanism 5 in this embodiment is used to acquire two-dimensional image information and / or three-dimensional image information. For example, the image acquisition mechanism 5 includes an industrial camera, which is used to acquire high-resolution two-dimensional image information. Furthermore, the image acquisition mechanism 5 also includes a supplementary light source, which is used to project light onto the falling hollow block 9 to suppress ambient light interference and provide a stable and uniform lighting environment for the industrial camera.

[0036] For example, the image acquisition mechanism 5 includes at least one of a structured light 3D camera, a laser 3D scanner, and a 3D depth sensing camera. It is used to acquire the 3D depth information of the hollow block 9 after it has fallen. By projecting specific light rays (such as structured light patterns or laser pulses) and analyzing the reflected signals, it can directly obtain the distance data of each point on the object's surface relative to the sensor, thereby generating a depth image or point cloud containing 3D coordinate information, and realizing the 3D reconstruction and measurement of the hollow block 9.

[0037] The control module 6 can be a circuit composed of chips such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller (MCU), or an embedded processor. In specific embodiments, it can be an independent PLC controller, an industrial computer (host computer), a microcontroller, or any other hardware circuit or integrated module capable of performing logic operations and control functions.

[0038] The communication connection mentioned in this embodiment, taking the image acquisition mechanism 5 as an example, involves the image acquisition mechanism 5 and the control module 6 communicating through signal transmission, thereby enabling signal exchange between them. Exemplarily, the communication connection between the image acquisition mechanism 5 and the control module 6 can be either wired or wireless.

[0039] The damage parameters in this embodiment may include the volume or area of ​​the chipped or missing corner area, the length and width of the crack, and the damaged area of ​​the hole wall.

[0040] In this embodiment, the intact image information before damage can be input into the control module 6 in advance, or it can be acquired using the image acquisition mechanism 5.

[0041] An image acquisition mechanism 5 and a control module 6 are configured. The image acquisition mechanism 5 collects two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information of the hollow block 9 after it has been dropped. The control module 6 calculates the damage parameters based on the two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information and the intact image information before the damage. In this way, the control module 6 automatically generates relevant data information on the damage of the hollow block 9, eliminating the need for manual measurement of relevant damage data and achieving automated and traceable damage evaluation. This provides a more efficient technical means for R&D screening and quality control. Furthermore, the control module 6 facilitates the operation of the attitude adjustment mechanism 2 and the release mechanism 3.

[0042] In some embodiments, the damage parameters include at least one of the following: location of the damaged part, length and width of the damaged part, area of ​​the damaged part, volume of the damaged part, crack length, and crack width.

[0043] Specifically, the above parameters correspond to different types of damage: The location of the damaged area refers to the plane in which the damaged area is located and its specific position within that plane. This information helps optimize the shape design of the hollow block, such as parameters like wall thickness. The length and width of the damaged area characterize the chipped or broken corner areas on the surface of the hollow block 9 caused by collision or compression, i.e., measuring the planar dimensions of the missing edge portion in three-dimensional space. The area of ​​the damaged area quantifies large-scale surface peeling or wear on the block surface, assessing the degree of damage by calculating the projection size of the damaged area on a two-dimensional plane. The volume of the damaged area is mainly used to describe holes or deep depressions formed on the block, calculating the three-dimensional spatial size of the missing portion through three-dimensional measurement, which is particularly suitable for assessing penetrating damage to the wall or ribs of the hollow block 9. The crack length and crack width are specifically for linear cracks caused by stress or shrinkage in the block. The length is used to track the extent of crack extension, while the width is used to determine the severity of the crack and its impact on the structural safety of the block.

[0044] Existing methods for quantifying the breakage rate of hollow blocks mostly rely on manual visual inspection or statistical analysis of breakage rates upon arrival, which are highly subjective and have long feedback cycles. This invention identifies breakage defects by differentiating before and after impact and outputs quantitative indicators such as area, volume, or length, which is more accurate and automates and makes breakage evaluation traceable, providing a more efficient technical means for R&D screening and quality control.

[0045] In some embodiments, the drop test device for the hollow block 9 further includes a frame 7 and a lifting mechanism 8. The lifting mechanism 8 is fixed to the frame 7. The upper part of the pair of clamps is connected to the lifting mechanism 8 through the attitude adjustment mechanism 2, and the lower part of the pair of clamps is connected to the lifting mechanism 8 through the release mechanism 3. The lifting mechanism 8 is used to drive the clamping mechanism 1, the attitude adjustment mechanism 2 and the release mechanism 3 to lift synchronously.

[0046] In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism 8 can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a screw drive assembly, etc.

[0047] A lifting mechanism 8 is set up to lift the hollow block 9 as a whole to different set drop heights for drop tests, thereby increasing the range of scenarios applicable to the drop test device.

[0048] Optionally, the lifting mechanism 8 includes a motor, a threaded rod, a slider, and a guide rod. The threaded rod and the guide rod are arranged in parallel and both pass through the slider. The slider is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod, and the slider is clearance-fitted with the guide rod. Both the guide rod and the threaded rod are mounted on the frame 7. The motor is connected to the threaded rod and drives it to rotate, causing the slider to reciprocate on the threaded rod and the guide rod to achieve lifting. The attitude adjustment mechanism 2 and the release mechanism 3 are both connected to the slider.

[0049] Optionally, the lifting mechanism 8 also includes a displacement sensor for monitoring the lifting height of the lifting mechanism 8. The lifting mechanism 8 is communicatively connected to the control module 6, which controls the lifting height of the lifting mechanism 8.

[0050] Please see Figure 5 In some embodiments, the release mechanism 3 includes a swing drive 31 connected to the lower of the pair of clamps and causing the lower of the pair of clamps to swing downward.

[0051] In this embodiment, the swing drive 31 can be a torque motor or a direct-drive rotary servo motor. The stator of the motor is fixedly mounted on the equipment base, and its rotor output shaft is detachably connected to the lower one of the paired clamps. The servo driver controls the forward and reverse rotation and angle positioning of the motor, and the motor rotor directly drives the lower one of the paired clamps to achieve reciprocating swing motion within a set angle range around the central axis. The swing drive can also be an electromagnetic pendulum type direct drive mechanism.

[0052] Optionally, the release mechanism 3 includes a support plate 32, which is connected to a swing drive member 31. The swing drive member 31 drives the support plate 32 to swing downward. The upper surface of the support plate 32 is detachably connected to the lower one of the pair of clamps.

[0053] The oscillating drive eliminates transmission backlash, improving oscillation accuracy and response speed.

[0054] Furthermore, the release mechanism 3 also includes a first driving member, and the swing driving member is connected to the lifting mechanism 8 through the first driving member. The first driving member is used to drive the swing driving member to move in the horizontal direction, so that the lower one of the pair of clamps generates a horizontal displacement during the swing process, reducing the possible collision interference with the vertically falling hollow block 9.

[0055] In other embodiments, the release mechanism 3 includes a second drive member, which is fixed to the lifting mechanism 8. One end of the support plate 32 is rotatably connected to the lifting mechanism 8, and the lower surface of the support plate is hinged to the second drive member. The second drive member drives the support plate to rotate downward along the axis rotatably connected to the lifting mechanism 8, thereby causing the lower one of the pair of clamps to swing down and achieve release.

[0056] In some embodiments, at least two pairs of clamps include a pair of first clamps 11 and a pair of second clamps 12. The pair of first clamps 11 is used to clamp the hollow block 9 in a first posture, and the pair of second clamps 12 is used to clamp the hollow block 9 in a second posture. The first posture and the second posture are different. The upper one of the pair of first clamps 11 or the upper one of the pair of second clamps 12 is fixedly disposed with the posture adjustment mechanism 2. The lower one of the pair of second clamps 12 is rotatably connected to the release mechanism 3 through a rotating shaft structure. The rotating shaft structure is configured to allow the lower one of the pair of second clamps 12 to rotate around the axis within a preset angle range.

[0057] The pivot structure of this embodiment allows the lower part of the pair of second clamps 12 to rotate around an axis within a preset angle range. In other words, the pivot structure allows the lower part of the pair of second clamps 12 to swing along the pivot axis within a preset angle range. The preset angle range is determined according to actual needs. For example, the preset angle range may be configured so that the lower part of the pair of second clamps 12 can provide support for the hollow block, facilitating clamping of the hollow block. For example, the preset angle range can be 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, or 50°, etc.

[0058] Optionally, the rotating shaft structure includes a base, a pin, an angled connector, and a limiting stop. The base has a shaft hole, and the pin passes through the shaft hole. The angled connector has two connecting plates connected at an angle, which are respectively attached and fixed to the two downward-facing surfaces of the lower part of the pair of second clamps 12. The corner of the angled connector is sleeved on the pin to realize the rotation of the angled connector relative to the base. At least one connecting plate is provided with a limiting stop, which is used to abut against the base or the release mechanism 3 during rotation to limit the rotation angle of the angled connector. The base can be detachably connected to the release mechanism 3, for example, detachably connected to the aforementioned support plate. By limiting the rotation angle of the lower part of the pair of second clamps, the rotation range of the lower part of the pair of second clamps is reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of the hollow block falling after placement due to excessive rotation range.

[0059] Optionally, the rotating shaft structure includes a rotating shaft and a slot, with a portion of the rotating shaft in the longitudinal direction being engaged in the slot, which is detachably connected to a release mechanism, and the lower of the pair of second clamps 12 being fitted onto the other portion of the rotating shaft to achieve rotation.

[0060] In this embodiment, the lower of the paired first clamps 11 can be rotatably connected to the release mechanism 3, or it can be relatively fixed.

[0061] The lower part of the pair of second clamps 12 is rotatably connected to the release mechanism 3. In this way, since the lower part of the pair of second clamps 12 can rotate, during the process of the posture adjustment mechanism 2 driving the upper part of the second clamp 12 to adjust to the second posture, it can be adjusted according to the hollow blocks 9 of different sizes, shapes and masses until the second posture is reached. The shape of the second posture can also be more varied, improving the versatility of the second clamps 12.

[0062] In some embodiments, the attitude adjustment mechanism 2 includes a robotic arm structure connected to the upper one of a pair of first grippers 11 or the upper one of a pair of second grippers 12.

[0063] The robotic arm structure of this embodiment, through the coordinated movement of its multiple joints, can drive the uppermost member of a pair of first grippers 11 or a pair of second grippers 12 to achieve complex spatial movements. Specifically, it can achieve translational movements (such as forward, backward, left, right, and up / down movement) along the three Cartesian coordinate axes X, Y, and Z, as well as rotational movements (such as pitch, yaw, and roll) around these three axes. By combining and linking these two basic forms of movement, the robotic arm structure can drive the upper gripper to follow a straight or curved trajectory in any direction in space, and can adjust the attitude angle of the upper gripper in real time during the movement.

[0064] The attitude adjustment mechanism 2 is set as a robotic arm structure. The robotic arm structure can drive the upper clamp to walk out of a straight or curved trajectory in any direction in space, and can adjust the attitude angle of the upper clamp in real time during the movement, which greatly improves the diversity of the second attitude and thus improves the versatility of the drop test device.

[0065] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the first clamp 11 includes a first clamping surface 111, and the two first clamping surfaces 111 of the two first clamps 11 are arranged opposite to each other. The two first clamping surfaces 111 are used to clamp the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow block 9 to form a first posture.

[0066] In this embodiment, the two clamping surfaces can be planes. The first posture in this embodiment is the posture with the surface of the hollow block 9 facing the ground.

[0067] The first clamp 11 is set to hold the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow block 9. After the release mechanism 3 releases, the lower surface of the hollow block 9 falls toward the impact surface mechanism 4, thus completing the test of the hollow block 9 landing on the ground.

[0068] Optionally, the surface of the clamp that contacts the hollow block 9 is provided with a buffer coating layer. The material of the buffer coating layer can be rubber or polyurethane, etc., to achieve flexible clamping of the hollow block 9. That is, the surface of the clamp used for clamping is a flexible surface.

[0069] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, the second clamp 12 includes a second clamping surface 121 and a third clamping surface 122 connected at right angles. The second clamping surface 121 and the third clamping surface 122 are used to clamp one edge of the hollow block 9. One of the second clamps 12 is used to clamp the upper edge of the hollow block 9, and the other second clamp 12 is used to clamp the lower edge of the hollow block 9 to form a second posture in which the lower edge faces the impact surface mechanism 4.

[0070] In this embodiment, the second clamping surface 121 and the third clamping surface 122 are arranged at right angles. The second clamping surface 121 and the third clamping surface 122 can be directly connected at right angles or can be transitioned by an arc. Optionally, one of the second clamps 12 is used to clamp the upper edge of the hollow block 9, and the other second clamp 12 is used to clamp the lower edge of the hollow block 9 that is diagonally opposite to the upper edge.

[0071] The second clamp 12 is configured such that the lower edge of the hollow block 9 faces the impact surface mechanism 4. The lower edge is the position where the hollow block 9 is easily bumped. The test of this second posture can improve the practicality and versatility of the drop test device.

[0072] Please see Figure 4In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism 1 further includes a pair of third clamps 13, which are used to clamp the hollow block 9 in a third posture. The third posture, the first posture, and the second posture are different. The third clamp 13 includes a fourth clamping surface 131, a fifth clamping surface 132, and a sixth clamping surface 133 arranged perpendicularly in pairs. The fourth clamping surface 131, the fifth clamping surface 132, and the sixth clamping surface 133 are used to clamp one edge of the hollow block 9. The upper part of the pair of third clamps 13 is used to clamp the upper edge of the hollow block 9, and the lower part of the pair of third clamps 13 is used to clamp the lower edge of the hollow block 9, so as to form a third posture in which the lower edge faces the impact surface mechanism 4. The lower part of the pair of third clamps 13 is connected to the release mechanism 3 through a rotation fulcrum structure. The rotation fulcrum structure is configured to allow the lower part of the pair of third clamps 13 to swing arbitrarily within a preset space along the rotation fulcrum.

[0073] In this embodiment, the fourth clamping surface 131, the fifth clamping surface 132, and the sixth clamping surface 133 are arranged perpendicularly to each other. The fourth clamping surface 131 and the fifth clamping surface 132 can be directly connected at right angles or can be transitioned by an arc. The same applies to the fifth clamping surface 132 and the sixth clamping surface 133, as well as the fourth clamping surface 131 and the sixth clamping surface 133.

[0074] Optionally, the lower part of the pair of third clamps 13 can be rotatably connected to the release mechanism 3 by means of a ball joint, specifically through the engagement of a ball head and a ball socket, allowing the lower part of the pair of third clamps 13 to swing in any direction within a preset space of the ball socket opening. The ball head is connected to the lower part of the pair of third clamps 13, and the ball socket can be detachably connected to the release mechanism 3.

[0075] Optionally, the lower of the paired third clamps 13 can be connected to the release mechanism 3 via a magnetic levitation ball joint. A permanent magnet or electromagnet is built into the ball head, and a coil or magnet is positioned correspondingly in the ball socket. Magnetic force levitates the ball head within the ball socket, achieving complete non-contact connection. The ball head is connected to the lower of the paired third clamps 13, and the ball socket can be detachably connected to the release mechanism 3.

[0076] The preset space in this embodiment can be determined according to actual needs. For example, the preset space is configured so that the lower one of the pair of third clamps 13 can form a support for the hollow block, which facilitates clamping the hollow block.

[0077] The third clamp 13 is configured so that the lower edge of the hollow block 9 faces the impact surface mechanism 4. The lower edge is the position where the hollow block 9 is easily hit. This third posture test can improve the practicality and versatility of the drop test device. Furthermore, since the lower one of the pair of third clamps 13 can swing arbitrarily within the preset space, during the process of the posture adjustment mechanism 2 driving the upper one of the third clamps 13 to adjust to the third posture, it can be adjusted according to hollow blocks 9 of different sizes, shapes, and masses until the third posture is achieved. The form of the third posture can also be more diverse, improving the versatility of the third clamp 13.

[0078] In some embodiments, the impact surface mechanism 4 includes at least one of a cement board impactor, a steel plate impactor, a sand cushion impactor, and a buffer pad impactor.

[0079] The impact surface mechanism 4 is configured to include at least one of cement board impactors, steel plate impactors, sand cushion impactors, and buffer pad impactors to simulate contact boundary conditions under different engineering scenarios and improve the versatility of the drop test device.

[0080] Optionally, the drop test device further includes a switching mechanism, which comprises a housing, linear guides, a drive unit, and at least two vertically arranged, independently movable impact modules. Each impact module includes a sliding plate and an impact element fixedly mounted on the sliding plate. The impact element can be any one of a cement board impact element, a steel plate impact element, a sand cushion impact element, or a buffer pad impact element. Multiple linear guides are provided, with at least two corresponding to each impact module. The linear guides are fixed to the housing and engage with the sliding plate in a rolling or sliding manner. The linear guides guide the sliding plate to reciprocate linearly between a stored position and a working position. The drive unit is connected to each sliding plate and drives the corresponding impact module to move between the stored position and the working position. When any impact module is in the working position, its impact element is located at a preset impact station, while the other impact modules are in the stored position.

[0081] Please see Figure 6 This application also provides a method for drop testing of hollow block 9, including the following steps: a. After the hollow block is placed in the lower clamp of the pair of first clamps 11, control the attitude adjustment mechanism 2 to drive the upper clamp of the pair of first clamps 11 to clamp the hollow block. b. Control the lifting mechanism 8 to raise the hollow block 9 to the set drop height, and control the attitude adjustment mechanism 2 to adjust the hollow block 9 to the corresponding attitude or maintain the corresponding attitude; c. Control the release mechanism 3 to open, and the release mechanism 3 drives the lower clamp of the pair of first clamps 11 to move, so that the hollow block 9 falls freely onto the impact surface mechanism 4 in a clamped posture. d. Control the image acquisition mechanism 5 to acquire two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information of the hollow block after it falls; e. Register the two-dimensional image information and / or three-dimensional image information with the intact image information before the damage, and calculate the damage parameters; f. Control the lifting mechanism 8 to descend, replace the first clamp 11 with the second clamp 12, and repeat steps a to e. The second clamp 12 and the first clamp 11 are used to clamp hollow blocks in different postures.

[0082] Before step a, the procedure also includes: step S1, taking several hollow blocks 9 from the same batch, numbering each specimen and recording its specifications, quality and initial appearance.

[0083] Optionally, the specimens can be placed in a uniform environment and left to stand for at least 24 hours to ensure that their temperature and humidity are consistent.

[0084] Furthermore, five hollow blocks from the same batch were selected and numbered 1 to 5; before the test, they were left to stand for 48 hours at a temperature of 20±2℃ and a humidity of 60±5%.

[0085] Step S2: Set test parameters, including: drop height, drop posture (face contact / edge contact / corner contact), impact surface type, and number of drops for a single specimen.

[0086] Optionally, the drop height is set to 0.6m, and each hollow block 9 is dropped once in the following order: "bottom surface down (first clamp 11) → bottom edge down (second clamp 12) → bottom corner down (third clamp 13)," for a total of three drops. The impact surface type is steel plate.

[0087] Step S3: Control the image acquisition mechanism 5 to acquire the appearance image or three-dimensional shape data of the specimen before the drop. This data can serve as the benchmark for damage identification and quantification, and can be stored in association with the specimen number and test parameters. Steps S1, S2, and S3 all precede step a.

[0088] In step b, whether to adjust to the corresponding posture or maintain the corresponding posture depends on the state of the hollow block 9 in step a. In step b, if the hollow block 9 is in the corresponding posture, it can be maintained; if the hollow block 9 is not in the corresponding posture, it should be adjusted to the corresponding posture.

[0089] Optionally, step e may also include: calculating the damage parameters based on the mass of the broken hollow block 9.

[0090] In step e, control module 6 compares the data before and after the drop, extracting parameters such as the volume or area of ​​chipped edges and corners, crack length and width, damaged area of ​​hole walls, and mass loss. It calculates a comprehensive damage index or individual damage indicators according to preset weights. These preset weights can be determined based on empirical rules or calibration tests and can be adjusted as needed. Control module 6 automatically generates a test report containing test parameters, damage details, damage location distribution, and evaluation results.

[0091] In step f, the first clamp 11 is replaced with the second clamp 12, and steps a to e are repeated. The drop height and the type of impact surface mechanism set in subsequent steps can be changed or not changed. The same hollow block can be used to continue the test, or other hollow blocks can be used for the test.

[0092] In the above method, multiple drop tests can be performed on a single specimen as needed, or multiple specimens can be repeatedly tested. The obtained damage indicators can be statistically analyzed, the average value and dispersion can be calculated, and the results of a single specimen and the batch statistics can be output.

[0093] The drop test method for hollow blocks 9 in this embodiment utilizes multiple pairs of clamps to drop the hollow blocks 9 in different postures, adapting to different drop scenarios from production to the field. It can repeatably, comparatively, and quantitatively characterize the impact resistance of hollow blocks 9, thereby quickly evaluating the differences between different block types, different mix ratios, and different process conditions based on the damage status of hollow blocks 9. This provides a direct basis for optimizing the damage resistance performance of hollow blocks 9 and is used for rapid comparison and optimization iteration of different block types, mix ratios, and process conditions to reduce the overall breakage rate.

[0094] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A drop test device for hollow blocks, characterized in that, include: The clamping mechanism includes at least two pairs of clamps, the at least two pairs of clamps being used to clamp hollow blocks in different postures, one of the pairs of clamps being higher than the other in the direction of the drop test, and at least one of the at least two pairs of clamps being selectively operated to clamp the hollow blocks in the corresponding postures respectively. An attitude adjustment mechanism is provided, wherein the upper one of the pair of clamps is connected to the attitude adjustment mechanism, and the attitude adjustment mechanism is used to drive the upper one of the pair of clamps to move to a clamping position corresponding to the attitude of the hollow block being clamped. A release mechanism is provided, wherein the lower part of the pair of clamps is connected to the release mechanism, which is used to drive the lower part of the pair of clamps to release the clamp on the hollow block and allow the hollow block to fall freely in the clamped posture. An impact surface mechanism is located below the clamping mechanism and is used to withstand the impact of the hollow block falling.

2. The drop test device for hollow blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An image acquisition mechanism is used to acquire two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information of the hollow block after it falls. The control module is communicatively connected to the attitude adjustment mechanism, the release mechanism, and the image acquisition mechanism. The control module is used to calculate the damage parameters based on the two-dimensional image information and / or three-dimensional image information, as well as the intact image information before the damage.

3. The drop test device for hollow blocks according to claim 2, characterized in that, The damage parameters include at least one of the following: location of the damaged part, length and width of the damaged part, area of ​​the damaged part, volume of the damaged part, crack length, and crack width.

4. The drop test device for hollow blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a frame and a lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism is fixed to the frame. The upper part of the pair of clamps is connected to the lifting mechanism through the attitude adjustment mechanism, and the lower part of the pair of clamps is connected to the lifting mechanism through the release mechanism. The lifting mechanism is used to drive the clamping mechanism, the attitude adjustment mechanism and the release mechanism to lift synchronously.

5. The drop test device for hollow blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The release mechanism includes a swing drive member connected to the lower one of the pair of clamps, which drives the lower one of the pair of clamps to swing downward.

6. The drop test apparatus for hollow blocks according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, At least two pairs of clamps include a pair of first clamps and a pair of second clamps. The pair of first clamps is used to clamp a hollow block in a first posture, and the pair of second clamps is used to clamp a hollow block in a second posture. The first posture and the second posture are different. The upper part of the pair of first clamps or the upper part of the pair of second clamps is fixedly disposed with the posture adjustment mechanism. The lower part of the pair of second clamps is rotatably connected to the release mechanism through a rotating shaft structure. The rotating shaft structure is configured to allow the lower part of the pair of second clamps to rotate about an axis within a preset angle range.

7. The drop test device for hollow blocks according to claim 6, characterized in that, The attitude adjustment mechanism includes a robotic arm structure, which is connected to the upper one of the pair of first grippers or the upper one of the pair of second grippers. And / or, the first clamp includes a first clamping surface, and the two first clamping surfaces of the two first clamps are disposed opposite to each other, and the two first clamping surfaces are used to clamp the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow block to form the first posture.

8. The drop test device for hollow blocks according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second clamp includes a second clamping surface and a third clamping surface arranged at right angles. The second clamping surface and the third clamping surface are used to clamp one edge of the hollow block. One of the second clamps is used to clamp the upper edge of the hollow block, and the other second clamp is used to clamp the lower edge of the hollow block to form a second posture in which the lower edge faces the impact surface mechanism.

9. The drop test device for hollow blocks according to claim 6, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism further includes a pair of third clamps for clamping the hollow block in a third posture, which is different from the first and second postures. The third clamp includes a fourth, fifth, and sixth clamping surfaces arranged perpendicularly in pairs. The fourth, fifth, and sixth clamping surfaces are used to clamp one corner of the hollow block. The upper part of the pair of third clamps clamps the upper corner of the hollow block, and the lower part of the pair of third clamps clamps the lower corner of the hollow block to form the third posture in which the lower corner faces the impact surface mechanism. The lower part of the pair of third clamps is connected to the release mechanism through a rotation fulcrum structure. The rotation fulcrum structure is configured to allow the lower part of the pair of third clamps to swing arbitrarily within a preset space along the rotation fulcrum.

10. A method for drop testing of hollow blocks, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. After the hollow block is placed in the lower clamp of the pair of first clamps, the attitude adjustment mechanism is controlled to drive the upper clamp of the pair of first clamps to clamp the hollow block. b. Control the lifting mechanism to raise the hollow block to the set drop height, and control the attitude adjustment mechanism to adjust the hollow block to the corresponding attitude or maintain the corresponding attitude; c. Control the release mechanism to open, the release mechanism drives the lower clamp of the pair of first clamps to move, so that the hollow block falls freely onto the impact surface mechanism in a clamped posture; d. Control the image acquisition mechanism to acquire two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional image information of the hollow block after it falls; e. Register the two-dimensional image information and / or the three-dimensional image information with the intact image information before the damage, and calculate the damage parameters; f. Control the lifting mechanism to descend, replace the first clamp with the second clamp, and repeat steps a to e, wherein the second clamp and the first clamp are used to clamp hollow blocks in different postures.

Images