Multifunctional drop shock test device and test method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to aerospace machinery technical field, it discloses a kind of multifunctional drop test device, it includes vertical test bench, test bench is provided with energy storage release system, drop system and load acquisition system from top to bottom;Energy storage release system is used to store potential energy for drop system and control release drop system, drop system includes separable outer frame and inner frame, landing buffer device is fixed in inner frame;Drop system is used to lock landing buffer device, and after energy storage release system releases drop system, when a certain height from ground, continue to fall by impact buffer support to prevent outer frame, complete unlocking to inner frame, inner frame and landing buffer device continue free fall, and collide with load acquisition system.Impact before the drop system of the present application and load acquisition system complete inner frame unlocking, the disturbance that landing buffer device is received when unlocking is small, and test reliability is high;It is convenient to carry out anti-inclination single leg or multi-leg drop test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace machinery, and in particular to a multifunctional drop test device and its test method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, global enthusiasm for deep space exploration has surged, and landing buffer systems have gradually become a key research focus both domestically and internationally. Miniaturized landing buffer systems can integrate multiple functions within a small space, reducing costs while maintaining functionality. Such landing buffer systems require drop-and-vibration tests to verify their buffering performance and reliability.

[0003] Currently, most ground drop tests conducted in China involve collisions between single-leg landing buffer models and the ground. This testing method involves significant external force interference, making it difficult to simulate the motion of the landing buffer under free fall. While domestic whole-aircraft drop test systems are generally released via rope suspension, which can simulate the free fall process of the landing buffer, problems such as tilting of the landing buffer during release are prone to occur, making it difficult to control its attitude to an ideal state. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome or alleviate one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a multifunctional drop test device and its test method. The drop test device has multiple functions, including energy storage, release, unlocking, and force measurement, providing better test conditions for the landing buffer device to achieve anti-tilt drop test under free fall, and realizing effective verification of the drop test effect of the landing buffer device.

[0005] This invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides a multifunctional drop test device, which includes a vertical test stand (1), wherein the test stand (1) is provided from top to bottom with an energy storage and release system (2), a drop test system (3), and a load acquisition system (4) located at the bottom; the energy storage and release system (2) is used to store potential energy for the drop test system (3) and control the release of the drop test system (3); the drop test system (3) includes a separable outer frame (31) and an inner frame (35), and a landing buffer device is fixed in the inner frame (35); the drop test system (4) is provided with a vertical test stand (1), wherein the drop test system (1) is provided with a vertical test stand (2), the drop test system (3), the drop test system (4 ... The system (3) is used to lock the landing buffer device, and after the energy storage release system (2) releases the drop shock system (3), when it is a certain height above the ground, it prevents the outer frame (31) from falling by hitting the buffer support (15) in the middle of the test bench (1), and unlocks the inner frame (35). The inner frame (35) and the landing buffer device continue to fall freely and collide with the load acquisition system (4) at the bottom. The load acquisition system (4) collects the impact pressure of the landing buffer device falling.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the energy storage and release system (2) includes a support plate (21) fixed to the upper part of the test bench (1) and a plurality of energy storage and release devices located on the bottom surface of the support plate (21). Each energy storage and release device includes a short slide rail (22), a T-shaped push rod (23) and a push-pull electromagnet (24). The push-pull electromagnet (24) has two parallel short slide rails (22) on its push-pull end. The upper end of the T-shaped push rod (23) slides on the two short slide rails (22). The lower end of the T-shaped push rod (23) has a boss for suspending or releasing the drop vibration system (3).

[0008] According to some implementations, the outer frame (31) of the shock system (3) is embedded with an inner frame (35); the outer frame (31) is provided with a plurality of unlocking devices (34), and the inner frame (35) is provided with a corresponding lock sleeve (36). The unlocking device (34) locks with the lock sleeve (36) when it is not impacted, and unlocks with the lock sleeve (36) at the moment of impact, releasing the inner frame (35).

[0009] According to some embodiments, the unlocking device (34) includes an internal wedge (342) connected to a preload spring (343) at one end and slidable within the housing (345) and a compression wedge (341) with one end extending into the housing (345) and moving in contact with the internal wedge (342), and the other end located outside the housing (345) to receive falling impact; one end of the internal wedge (342) extends out of the housing (345), locks with the locking sleeve (36) when not impacted, and unlocks from the locking sleeve (36) at the moment of impact.

[0010] According to some embodiments, a sliding system (12) is provided on the test bench (1) at a certain distance from the ground. The test bench (1) is provided with a buffer bracket (15) for impacting the squeezing wedge (341) in the middle inward and below the sliding system (12). The energy storage spring (16) is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding system (12) with its free end facing down. The outer frame (31) compresses the energy storage spring (16) upward to store potential energy for the drop vibration system (3).

[0011] The sliding system (12) is used to assist the drop system (3) in releasing vertically from the energy storage and release system (2). It includes several guide rails (123) arranged vertically. Each guide rail (123) is equipped with a linear slider. The linear slider is provided with an L-shaped backing plate (122) inward. The backing plate (122) supports the outer frame (31).

[0012] According to some implementation methods, the load acquisition system (4) is located in the rectangular space in the middle of the base of the test bench (1), with its bottom touching the ground;

[0013] The load acquisition system (4) includes several force measuring platforms (41) that are detachable and movable and correspond to the number of legs of the landing buffer device; the force measuring platform (41) includes a top cover (411), a support body (412) for supporting the top cover (411), and a force sensor (413) located below the top cover (411) for sensing the impact force.

[0014] The support body (412) has a blind hole (4121) at the top center. The force sensor (413) is placed in the blind hole (4121). The top of the force sensor (413) is higher than the support body (412). Several through holes (4122) are evenly distributed around the blind hole (4121). Several top cover protrusions (4111) are provided on the bottom surface of the top cover (4111). The top cover protrusions (4111) are coupled with the through holes (4122). The top cover (411) can move freely up and down.

[0015] According to some embodiments, a bottom pad is provided below the support (412).

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a test method for the above-mentioned multifunctional drop test device, which includes the following steps in sequence:

[0017] S1: Fix the landing buffer device to the inner frame (35), and select an appropriate number and size of the energy storage springs (16) according to the test requirements and fix them to the top of the sliding system (12);

[0018] S2: The preload spring (343) pushes the inner wedge (342) of the unlocking device (34) forward, extending into the locking sleeve (36) on the inner frame (35) to lock the inner and outer frames;

[0019] S3: Move the shock system (3) up along the guide rail (123) and adjust the position of the T-shaped push rod (23) on the short slide rail (22) so that the boss at the bottom of the T-shaped push rod (23) extends into the groove of the inner frame (35);

[0020] S4: Adjust the number and position of the force measuring platforms (41) according to the number and position of the landing buffer device legs, and adjust the relative height between the force measuring platforms (41) by adding or removing the bottom pads of the force measuring platforms (41) according to the test purpose;

[0021] S5: Power the push-pull electromagnet (24) to drive the T-shaped push rod (23) to release the drop shock system (3). After unlocking, the landing buffer device impacts the force measuring platform (41), and the force sensor (413) detects the impact force data.

[0022] S6: Re-inspect the working status of each part, repeat S2 to S5 multiple times to obtain multiple sets of impact force data.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The push-pull electromagnet of the energy storage and release system locks the inner frame of the drop shock system. The inner frame is connected to the landing buffer device. Before the inner frame is released, the landing buffer device will not tilt or shake arbitrarily. The leg posture of the landing buffer device can be adjusted when it is released.

[0025] 2. The force measuring platform is height adjustable. Steel plates are placed at the bottom of the force measuring platform support to raise the support, so that the foot end face of the landing buffer device is at a certain angle to the horizontal plane when it lands, in order to simulate complex ground conditions.

[0026] 3. During the process of unlocking the inner frame of the drop shock system, the rest of the parts except for the compression wedge are still in a free fall state. Their motion state will not change and thus will not affect the motion state of the landing buffer device. The unlocking process ensures that the landing buffer device is subjected to minimal disturbance during unlocking and retains the motion state of the landing buffer device under free fall, resulting in high reliability.

[0027] 4. The entire device integrates multiple functions such as energy storage, release, unlocking, and force measurement, while having a simple structure, making it easy to install and maintain. It is highly operable during the test and can obtain relatively accurate test data. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a multifunctional drop test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the test bench in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a left view of the test bench in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a front view of the test bench in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the energy storage and release system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drop-earthquake system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the load acquisition system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the push-pull electromagnet in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the unlocking device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the force measuring platform in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the force measuring platform in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a box-type linear slider in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the unlocking device and the lock sleeve working together in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1-Test bench; 2-Energy storage and release system; 3-Shock system; 4-Load acquisition system; 11-Support frame; 12-Sliding system; 13-Angled triangular support; 14-Shim; 15-Buffer bracket; 16-Energy storage spring; 17-Angled triangular support welding plate; 18-Long support rod; 121-Box-type linear slider; 122-Backing plate; 123-Guide rail; 124-Guide rail fixing component; 21-Support plate; 22-Short slide rail; 23-T-shaped push rod; 24-Push-pull electromagnet; 241-Reset spring; 242-Iron core; 243-Coil; 244-Bolt; 245-Box shell; 31- Outer frame; 32-Angle iron; 33-Support rod; 34-Unlocking device; 35-Inner frame; 36-Lock sleeve; 351-Inner frame groove; 341-Extrusion wedge; 342-Inner wedge; 343-Preload spring; 344-Back plate; 345-Outer shell; 3421-Upper groove of inner wedge; 3451-Upper boss of outer shell; 41-Force measuring platform; 42-Angle iron fixing piece; 43-Fixed profile; 44-Movable profile; 411-Top cover; 412-Support body; 413-Force sensor; 4111-Top cover boss; 4121-Blind hole of support body; 4122-Through hole of support body. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the embodiments and drawings are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. All reasonable modifications and combinations included within the inventive spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] This invention provides a multifunctional drop test device and its test method that have energy storage, release, unlocking and force measurement functions to solve the problem of verifying the anti-tilt drop test of the landing buffer device under free fall.

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a multifunctional drop test device with multiple functions including energy storage, release, unlocking, and force measurement. It includes a vertical test bench 1, from top to bottom, an energy storage and release system 2, a drop test system 3, and a load acquisition system 4 located at the bottom of the test bench 1. The energy storage and release system 2 is used to store potential energy for the drop test system 3 and control the release of the drop test system 3. The drop test system 3 is used to lock the landing buffer device, and after the energy storage and release system 2 releases the drop test system 3, it unlocks the landing buffer device at a certain height above the ground. The landing buffer device continues to fall freely and collides with the load acquisition system 4 at the bottom. The load acquisition system 4 is used to collect the impact pressure of the landing buffer device falling.

[0048] The energy storage and release system 2 is fixed on the long support rod 18 at the top of the test bench 1. The drop vibration system 3 is set on the back plate 122 fixed inside the box-type linear slider 121 and can slide vertically along the guide rail 123. The load acquisition system 4 is set at the middle position at the bottom of the test bench 1, directly below the drop vibration system 3. The distribution of the force measuring platform 41 in the load acquisition system 4 can be adjusted according to the test plan.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, the test bench 1 includes a support frame 11, a sliding system 12, a diagonal support 13, a pad 14, a buffer bracket 15, an energy storage spring 16, a diagonal support welding plate 17, and a long support rod 18.

[0050] The support frame 11 includes four top channel steels, two upper channel steels, two lower channel steels, eight base channel steels, and four vertical support channel steels. Two horizontal and two vertical channel steels are fixed to the top of the vertical support channel steels. The two upper horizontal channel steels and the two lower horizontal channel steels are fixed parallel to each other on the upper and lower sides of the vertical support channel steels, respectively. The four vertical support channel steels are fixed on the two base vertical channel steels. The two base horizontal channel steels are fixed at both ends of the base vertical channel steels, and the other four base horizontal channel steels are fixed at the connection between the vertical support channel steels and the base vertical channel steels for reinforcement.

[0051] The sliding system 12 is fixed between the upper and lower channel steels to assist the drop vibration system 3 in falling freely in the vertical direction, so as to prevent it from rotating or tilting during the fall.

[0052] The sliding system 12 includes a box-type linear slider 121, a backing plate 122, a guide rail 123, and guide rail fixing parts 124. The guide rail 123 is placed vertically, with one end fixed to the upper channel steel and the other end fixed to the lower channel steel. One guide rail 123 is installed in the middle position of the upper and lower channel steel on one side, and two other guide rails 123 are installed on the other side, equidistant from the middle position. Six guide rail fixing parts 124 are respectively installed at both ends of the guide rail 123 and located on the upper and lower channel steel in the horizontal direction. A cylindrical through hole is located at the center of each of the three box-type linear sliders 121, through which the three guide rails 123 pass, allowing them to slide up and down. Figure 12 As shown, the L-shaped backing plate 122 is fixed inside the box-type linear slider 121. The backing plate 122 extends into the test bench to support the outer frame 31 of the drop vibration system 3, allowing it to slide up and down along the guide rail 123.

[0053] The oblique triangular support 13 is fixed to the vertical support channel steel and the base channel steel with the help of the shim 14 and the oblique triangular support welding plate 17, improving the stability of the test bench 1; the buffer bracket 15 is T-shaped in general, with one side of the top plate being the mounting side, drilled with holes to fix it to the horizontal lower channel steel, and the other side of the top plate being the impact side, with the impact side and the middle vertical plate reinforced with two triangular reinforcing ribs. The impact side of the top plate is the plane that impacts the pressing wedge 341 of the unlocking device 34, and has a thickened platform on it to increase the height of the impacted surface. The buffer bracket 15 is fixed to the lower support channel steel, opposite the guide rail fixing part 124; the long support rod 18 is fixed to the upper channel steel to support the energy storage and release system 2, and the upper end of the energy storage spring 16 is fixed to the long support rod 18, while the lower end is free, which can compress the outer frame 31 of the drop vibration system 3.

[0054] like Figure 5As shown, the energy storage and release system 2 includes a support plate 21 on the upper part of the test bench 1 and four evenly distributed energy storage and release devices located on the bottom surface of the support plate 21. The number of energy storage and release devices can also be other, the purpose of which is to stably suspend the drop vibration system 3. Each energy storage and release device includes a short slide rail 22, a T-shaped push rod 23 and a push-pull electromagnet 24. The push-pull electromagnet 24 has two parallel short slide rails 22 on its push-pull end. The upper end of the T-shaped push rod 23 can slide on the two short slide rails 22. The lower end of the T-shaped push rod 23 has a boss for suspending or releasing the drop vibration system 3.

[0055] Specifically, the push-pull electromagnet 24 includes a return spring 241, an iron core 242, a coil 243, a bolt 244, and a housing 245.

[0056] like Figure 8 As shown, the iron core 242 of the push-pull electromagnet 24 passes through the through hole of the housing 245 and can move along the direction of the vertical hole. The coil 243 is wound around the iron core 242 and placed inside the housing 245. The head of the iron core 242 has a disc-shaped boss 2421. One side of the return spring 241 is close to the disc-shaped boss 2421, and the other side is close to the housing 245. The short slide rails 22 are fixed in pairs on the support plate 21 at the positions corresponding to the inner frame 35 of the drop vibration system 3. The upper ends of the T-shaped push rod 23 are symmetrically placed on the tracks of the two short slide rails 22 and can slide on the short slide rails 22. The vertical part of the push rod passes through the groove 2422 at the head of the iron core 242. The bolt 244 connects and locks the push rod into the groove space. The bottom boss of the push rod can cooperate with the irregular groove 351 of the inner frame 35 cross section. When the push-pull electromagnet 24 is energized, the iron core 242 moves towards the compression spring, causing the T-shaped push rod 23 to slide on the short slide rail 22. The boss at the bottom of the T-shaped push rod 23 leaves the slot 351 of the outer frame 31 of the drop vibration system 3, thus completing the release of the drop vibration system 3. At the same time, the energy storage spring 16 is also released, converting its elastic potential energy into the kinetic energy of the drop vibration system 3.

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, the landing system 3 includes an outer frame 31, angle iron 32, support rods 33, unlocking devices 34, an inner frame 35, and locking sleeves 36. The outer frame 31 is formed by four aluminum profiles. Unlocking devices 34 are located at the upper left corner, lower left corner, and middle right side of the outer frame 31. A longitudinal support rod 33 is located between the right sides of the aluminum profiles to securely fix the right-side unlocking devices 34 to the outer frame 31. The inner frame 35 is formed by four shorter aluminum profiles. Three locking sleeves 36 are located on the inner frame 35, corresponding to the heads of the three unlocking devices. The unlocking devices 34 and locking sleeves 36 work together to lock or unlock the inner frame 35, thereby enabling the landing system 3 to lock and unlock the landing buffer device.

[0058] like Figure 9As shown, the unlocking device 34 includes a compression wedge 341, an inner wedge 342, a pre-tension spring 343, a back plate 344, and a housing 345. The groove 3421 on the upper side of the inner wedge 342 is fitted into the corresponding boss 3451 on the housing 345, allowing the inner wedge 342 to slide back and forth within the housing 345. The grooves on the front and rear sides of the compression wedge 341 are fitted into the corresponding bosses on the bottom of the housing 345, allowing the compression wedge 341 to slide up and down. The pre-tension spring 343 presses against the front compression wedge 341, making it fit against the inclined surface of the inner wedge 342. Two symmetrical housings 345 are joined together through upper bolt holes to enclose the above components inside. The back plate 344 is connected to the housing 345 with screws.

[0059] Both the outer frame 31 and the inner frame 35 are made of aluminum profiles connected by angle irons 32. One unlocking device 34 is fixed to the middle of one side of the outer frame 31 by the angle iron 32 and the support rod 33. The other two unlocking devices 34 are fixed to the two sides of the other side of the outer frame 31. The three unlocking devices 34 are distributed directly above the three buffer supports 15. Figure 13 The inner wedge 342 of the unlocking device 34 extends out of the outer shell 345 on its flat and long side to cooperate with the locking sleeve 36. The locking sleeve 36 is fixed on the inner frame 35, and the unlocking device 34 is fixed on the outer frame 31. When the squeezing wedge 341 is impacted and pushed upward, it causes the inner wedge 342 to slide backward. The protruding part of the inner wedge 342 leaves the locking sleeve 36, and the locking sleeve 36 and the inner frame fixed to it are unrestrained, thus completing the unlocking.

[0060] After the drop system 3 falls, the squeezing wedge 341 of the unlocking device 34 impacts the buffer support 15, completing the unlocking of the inner frame 35. The landing buffer device continues to fall with the inner frame 35, and is less affected by the disturbance caused by the unlocking. The squeezing wedge 341 moves upward to its limit position, that is, its top plane fits with the inner wedge 342. The entire unlocking device 34 is stopped from falling by the buffer support 15. The rest of the drop system 3, except for the inner frame 35 and the locking sleeve 36, stops falling. The inner frame 35, the locking sleeve 36, and the landing buffer device fixed to the inner frame 35 continue to fall freely.

[0061] like Figure 7 As shown, the load acquisition system 4 is located in the rectangular space in the middle of the base of the test bench 1, with its bottom touching the ground. It includes four force measuring platforms 41, angle iron fixing parts 42, fixed profiles 43, movable profiles 44, and bottom steel plates.

[0062] Fixed profiles 43 are installed on both sides of the channel steel of the base of the test bench 1. Movable profiles 44 are vertically installed inside the two fixed profiles 43. The four force measuring platforms 41 are clamped and fixed in position by the movable profiles 44 and the angle iron fixing parts 42. The height can be adjusted by padding the bottom steel plate. According to the position and number of landing buffer device legs and landing attitude, the position of the force measuring platform 41 can be moved in three dimensions, and the number can also be increased or decreased, with a high degree of freedom.

[0063] The bottom steel plate is a bottom pad, located directly below the support body 412. It is a square steel plate of the same size and thickness as the bottom of the force measuring platform 41. The bottom steel plate can be placed under the support body 412 according to the test requirements to adjust the height of the support body 412, thereby adjusting the height of the force measuring platform.

[0064] like Figures 10-11 As shown, the force measuring platform 41 includes a top cover 411, a support body 412, and a force sensor 413. The support body 412 has a cylindrical support blind hole 4121 at the top center. The force sensor 413 is placed inside the support blind hole 4121. The top of the force sensor 413 is higher than the support body 412. Four support through holes 4122 are evenly distributed around the support blind hole 4121. The top cover 411 has four cylindrical top cover bosses 4111 at corresponding positions that cooperate with the support through holes 4122. The top cover 411 can move up and down. When the top cover 411 is impacted, it presses down on the force sensor 413 to measure the impact force.

[0065] This embodiment also provides a test method for a multifunctional drop test device for testing the free fall shock of a landing buffer device, including the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: Check whether the components of each subsystem are working properly. Secure the landing buffer device to the inner frame 35. Select an appropriate number and size of energy storage springs 16 according to the experimental requirements and fix them to the long support rod 18.

[0067] Step 2: The pre-tension spring 343 pushes the internal wedge 342 of the unlocking device 34 forward, extending into the locking sleeve 36 on the inner frame 35, locking the inner frame 35 and the outer frame 31.

[0068] Step 3: Move the shock-absorbing system 3 up along the guide rail 123 and adjust the position of the T-shaped push rod 23 on the short slide rail 22, so that the boss at the bottom of the T-shaped push rod 23 extends into the groove 351 of the inner frame;

[0069] Step 4: Adjust the number and position of the force measuring platforms 41 according to the number and position of the landing buffer device legs, and adjust the relative height between the force measuring platforms 41 by adding or removing the bottom steel plates of the force measuring platforms 41 according to the test purpose.

[0070] Step 5: Power on the push-pull electromagnet 24 to drive the push rod 23 to release the drop shock system 3. After unlocking, the landing buffer device impacts the force measuring platform 41, and the force sensor 413 records the data.

[0071] Step 6: Re-inspect the working status of each subsystem component, and repeat steps 2 to 5 to continue the test.

[0072] The push-pull electromagnet can also be replaced by a suction cup electromagnet. The suction cup electromagnet holds the drop vibration system 3, and the magnetic force disappears after being energized, thus completing the release.

[0073] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional drop test device, characterized in that: It includes a vertical test bench (1), which is equipped with an energy storage and release system (2), a drop vibration system (3) and a load acquisition system (4) located at the bottom from top to bottom. The energy storage and release system (2) is used to store potential energy for the landing system (3) and control the release of the landing system (3). The landing system (3) includes a separable outer frame (31) and an inner frame (35), and the landing buffer device is fixed in the inner frame (35). The drop shock system (3) is used to lock the landing buffer device. After the energy storage release system (2) releases the drop shock system (3), when it is a certain height above the ground, it prevents the outer frame (31) from falling further by hitting the buffer support (15) in the middle of the test bench (1), and unlocks the inner frame (35). The inner frame (35) and the landing buffer device continue to fall freely and collide with the load acquisition system (4) at the bottom. The load acquisition system (4) collects the impact pressure of the landing buffer device falling.

2. The multifunctional drop test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage and release system (2) includes a support plate (21) fixed to the upper part of the test bench (1) and a number of energy storage and release devices located on the bottom surface of the support plate (21). Each energy storage and release device includes a short slide rail (22), a T-shaped push rod (23) and a push-pull electromagnet (24). The push-pull electromagnet (24) has two parallel short slide rails (22) on its push-pull end. The upper end of the T-shaped push rod (23) slides on the two short slide rails (22). The lower end of the T-shaped push rod (23) has a boss for suspending or releasing the drop vibration system (3).

3. The multifunctional drop test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer frame (31) of the shock system (3) is embedded with an inner frame (35); the outer frame (31) is provided with a plurality of unlocking devices (34), and the inner frame (35) is provided with a corresponding lock sleeve (36). The unlocking device (34) locks with the lock sleeve (36) when it is not impacted, and unlocks with the lock sleeve (36) at the moment of impact, releasing the inner frame (35).

4. The multifunctional drop test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The unlocking device (34) includes an internal wedge (342) connected to a pre-tension spring (343) at one end inside the housing (345) and slidable inside the housing (345), and a compression wedge (341) with one end extending into the housing (345) and moving in contact with the internal wedge (342), and the other end located outside the housing (345) to receive falling impact; one end of the internal wedge (342) extends out of the housing (345), locks with the lock sleeve (36) when not impacted, and unlocks with the lock sleeve (36) at the moment of impact.

5. The multifunctional drop test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The test bench (1) is provided with a sliding system (12) at a certain distance from the ground. The test bench (1) is provided with a buffer bracket (15) for impacting the squeezing wedge (341) in the middle inward and below the sliding system (12). The energy storage spring (16) is fixed on the top of the sliding system (12) with its free end facing down. The outer frame (31) compresses the energy storage spring (16) upward to store potential energy for the drop vibration system (3). The sliding system (12) is used to assist the drop system (3) in releasing vertically from the energy storage and release system (2). It includes several guide rails (123) arranged in the vertical direction. Each guide rail (123) is equipped with a linear slider. The linear slider is provided with an L-shaped backing plate (122) inward. The backing plate (122) supports the outer frame (31).

6. The multifunctional drop test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The load acquisition system (4) is located in the rectangular space in the middle of the base of the test bench (1), with its bottom touching the ground; The load acquisition system (4) includes several force measuring platforms (41) that are detachable and movable and correspond to the number of legs of the landing buffer device; the force measuring platform (41) includes a top cover (411), a support body (412) for supporting the top cover (411), and a force sensor (413) located below the top cover (411) for sensing the impact force. The support body (412) has a blind hole (4121) at the top center. The force sensor (413) is placed in the blind hole (4121). The top of the force sensor (413) is higher than the support body (412). Several through holes (4122) are evenly distributed around the blind hole (4121). Several top cover protrusions (4111) are provided on the bottom surface of the top cover (4111). The top cover protrusions (4111) are coupled with the through holes (4122). The top cover (411) can move freely up and down.

7. The multifunctional drop test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A bottom pad is provided below the support (412).

8. A test method for the multifunctional drop test device as described in claim 7, comprising the following steps in sequence: S1: Fix the landing buffer device to the inner frame (35), and select an appropriate number and size of the energy storage springs (16) according to the test requirements and fix them to the top of the sliding system (12); S2: The pre-tension spring (343) pushes the inner wedge (342) of the unlocking device (34) forward, extending into the locking sleeve (36) on the inner frame (35) to lock the inner and outer frames; S3: Move the shock system (3) up along the guide rail (123) and adjust the position of the T-shaped push rod (23) on the short slide rail (22) so that the boss at the bottom of the T-shaped push rod (23) extends into the groove of the inner frame (35); S4: Adjust the number and position of the force measuring platforms (41) according to the number and position of the landing buffer device legs, and add or remove the bottom pads of the force measuring platforms (41) according to the test purpose to adjust the relative height between the force measuring platforms (41); S5: Power the push-pull electromagnet (24) to drive the T-shaped push rod (23) to release the drop shock system (3). After unlocking, the landing buffer device impacts the force measuring platform (41), and the force sensor (413) detects the impact force data. S6: Re-inspect the working status of each part, repeat S2~S5 to continue the test multiple times to obtain multiple sets of impact force data.

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