Method for treating saline-alkali soil by using composite microorganism and high-efficiency spraying modifier

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for efficiently spraying soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using composite microorganisms, belonging to the field of soil improvement technology. The method involves screening salt-tolerant functional microbial strains to prepare a composite microbial agent, which is then mixed with carrier materials such as diatomaceous earth, soybean meal, yeast metabolites, and well-rotted farmyard manure in a specific ratio to form a conditioner for application. The conditioner is applied using a two-stage spraying method, combined with deep tillage pretreatment and controlled temperature and humidity conditions, significantly improving microbial activity and soil condition uniformity. Experimental data show that after applying this method, the soil pH value decreased to 7.3-7.5, the salt content decreased to 0.1%-0.2%, and the organic matter content increased to 18-22 g / kg, achieving efficient ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and in particular to a method for efficiently spraying soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a type of soil where salt accumulation occurs, meaning the salt content in the soil affects the normal growth of crops.

[0003] Traditional methods for improving saline-alkali land mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods, such as land leveling, deep tillage, and irrigation / drainage to leach salts, can improve soil conditions to some extent, but they are labor-intensive, costly, and their effects are short-lived. Chemical methods use chemical amendments, such as gypsum, ferrous sulfate, and sulfur powder, to adjust soil pH and salinity, but long-term use may cause secondary pollution of the soil environment, damage soil structure, and affect the soil microbial community. Biological methods mainly utilize salt-tolerant plants or microorganisms to improve the soil environment, offering advantages such as environmental friendliness and sustainability. However, single biological methods often have limited effectiveness and cannot meet the needs of large-scale, efficient improvement of saline-alkali land.

[0004] With the continuous development of biotechnology, the application of compound microbial technology in the improvement of saline-alkali land has gradually attracted attention. Compound microbial agents are composed of various functional microorganisms that cooperate with each other in the soil to play multiple roles, such as reducing soil salinity, improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility, and promoting plant growth. However, current methods for treating dryland saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms still have some problems in practical applications, such as uneven application of the amendment, significant environmental influence on microbial activity, and unstable improvement effects.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a method for efficiently spraying amendments to treat dryland saline-alkali land using composite microorganisms. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for efficiently spraying amendments to treat dryland saline-alkali land using composite microorganisms, so as to solve the problems of uneven application of amendments, microbial activity being greatly affected by the environment, and unstable improvement effect in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for efficiently spraying soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Preparation of compound microbial inoculants:

[0010] Microbial strains with functions of salt and alkali tolerance, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and organic acid secretion were isolated and screened from saline-alkali soil and rhizosphere environment of salt-tolerant plants.

[0011] Multiple microbial strains selected were combined according to a volume ratio of Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus mucilaginosus: Azotobacter brownii = 3:2:1:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent;

[0012] The prepared compound microbial agent was inoculated into the liquid culture medium and cultured for 48 hours at a temperature of 30℃, a pH of 7.0, and an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm.

[0013] S2. Preparation of the modifier:

[0014] Prepare compound microbial inoculants, carrier materials, nutrient additives, and water-retaining agent raw materials. The carrier material includes yeast metabolites, and the nutrient additives include glucose, peptone, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0015] The compound microbial agent, carrier material, nutrient additive, and water-retaining agent are thoroughly mixed and stirred evenly according to the mass ratio of compound microbial agent: yeast metabolite: glucose: peptone: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: polyacrylamide = 10:50:10:3:2:1 to obtain the improver.

[0016] S3. Construction of a high-efficiency spraying system:

[0017] Use an agricultural sprayer with precise flow control and adjustable spray angle and range for spraying;

[0018] S4. Method for spraying the improver:

[0019] Before spraying the amendment, the dry land is pre-treated by rotary tillage and leveling.

[0020] Preferably, the microbial strains isolated and screened from saline-alkali soil and the rhizosphere environment of salt-tolerant plants during the preparation of the compound microbial agent include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and azotobacter brownii.

[0021] Preferably, in the preparation process of the improver, the carrier material is diatomaceous earth and yeast metabolites, the nutrient additives are glucose, peptone and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.

[0022] Preferably, during the construction of the high-efficiency spraying system, the agricultural sprayer selected is a drone sprayer or a self-propelled sprayer.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, in the spraying method of the improver, the rotary tillage depth is 10-25cm, the spraying time is when there is no wind or a light breeze, the air temperature is 15-25℃, and the relative humidity is 60%-80%, and the spraying method is that the first spraying amount is 60% of the total amount, and the second spraying is carried out after an interval of 1-3 days, with the spraying amount being 40% of the total amount.

[0024] As a preferred option, the irrigation volume during subsequent management should be 30-50m³. 3 / mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is reduced by 20%-30% compared to the conventional method.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] Enhancing microbial activity and stability: The compound microbial agent, after screening and formulation, possesses multiple functions and, under suitable culture conditions, ensures the activity of the microorganisms. The carrier materials, nutrient additives, and water-retaining agents added to the amendment provide a favorable living environment for the microorganisms, enhancing their stability and adaptability in the soil and improving their effectiveness in improving saline-alkali soils.

[0027] Improving soil physical and chemical properties: The microorganisms in the compound microbial agent can secrete organic acids, neutralize soil alkalinity, and reduce soil pH; phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms can convert insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil into available phosphorus and potassium that can be absorbed by plants, thereby improving soil fertility; the metabolic activities of microorganisms can also promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve soil aeration and permeability, and reduce soil compaction.

[0028] Promotes crop growth and increases yield: The improved soil environment is more suitable for crop growth, which can promote the development of crop roots, improve the crop's ability to absorb nutrients and water, enhance the crop's resistance to stress, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and thus improve the yield and quality of crops.

[0029] Environmentally friendly and sustainable: The compound microbial treatment method used in this invention belongs to biological improvement technology. It does not use chemically synthesized amendments and will not cause secondary pollution to the soil environment. Moreover, the microorganisms continuously reproduce and metabolize in the soil, which can continuously improve the soil environment and has good environmental protection and sustainability. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1This is a flowchart of a method for efficiently spraying amendments to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] 1. Preparation of compound microbial inoculants:

[0035] Strain screening: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and azotobacter brownii were isolated and screened from saline-alkali soil.

[0036] Compound preparation: The compound preparation shall be carried out in the following proportions: Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus mucilaginosus: Azotobacter brownii = 3:2:1:1 (volume ratio).

[0037] Culture: The prepared compound microbial agent was inoculated into the liquid culture medium and cultured for 48 hours at a temperature of 30℃, a pH of 7.0, and an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm.

[0038] 2. Preparation of the modifier:

[0039] Raw material preparation: Prepare 10kg of compound microbial inoculant, 20kg of yeast metabolites, 5kg of glucose, 3kg of peptone, 2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1kg of polyacrylamide.

[0040] Mixing: Mix the above raw materials thoroughly and stir evenly to obtain the modifier.

[0041] 3. Construction of a high-efficiency spraying system:

[0042] Spraying equipment selection: Use drone sprayers.

[0043] Spraying parameters optimized: flow rate 6L / min, pressure 0.4MPa, driving speed 4km / h.

[0044] 4. Method for spraying the improver:

[0045] Pretreatment: Rotary tillage was carried out on 100 mu of dry land to a depth of 25 cm, and then the land was leveled.

[0046] Spraying timing: Choose to spray under windless weather conditions with an air temperature of 20℃ and a relative humidity of 70%.

[0047] Spraying method: The initial spraying amount is 600 kg (60% of the total amount), and the second spraying is carried out after an interval of 1-3 days, with a spraying amount of 400 kg (40% of the total amount).

[0048] 5. Subsequent Management:

[0049] Irrigation: Irrigate promptly after spraying the amendment, with an irrigation volume of 40m³. 3 / mu.

[0050] Fertilization: Based on the crop's growth needs, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is reduced by 25% compared to the conventional method, while the amount of organic fertilizer applied is increased by 40%.

[0051] Pest and disease control: A combination of biological and physical control methods is used for pest and disease control.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] 1. Preparation of compound microbial inoculants:

[0054] Strain screening: Acidophilus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and azotobacter brownii strains were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant plants.

[0055] Compound preparation: The compound preparation shall be carried out in the following proportions: Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus mucilaginosus: Azotobacter brownii = 3:2:1:1 (volume ratio).

[0056] Culture: The prepared compound microbial agent was inoculated into the liquid culture medium and cultured for 48 hours at a temperature of 30℃, a pH of 7.0, and an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm.

[0057] 2. Preparation of the modifier:

[0058] Raw material preparation: Prepare 15kg of compound microbial inoculant, 30kg of yeast metabolites, 7.5kg of glucose, 4.5kg of peptone, 3kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.5kg of polyacrylamide.

[0059] Mixing: Mix the above raw materials thoroughly and stir evenly to obtain the modifier.

[0060] 3. Construction of a high-efficiency spraying system:

[0061] Spraying equipment selection: Self-propelled sprayers are selected.

[0062] Spraying parameters optimized: flow rate 7L / min, pressure 0.45MPa, driving speed 4.5km / h.

[0063] 4. Method for spraying the improver:

[0064] Pretreatment: Rotary tillage was carried out on 150 mu of dry land to a depth of 20 cm, and then the land was leveled.

[0065] Spraying timing: Choose to spray when there is a light breeze, the temperature is 18℃, and the relative humidity is 65%.

[0066] Spraying method: The initial spraying amount is 900 kg (60% of the total amount), and the second spraying is carried out after an interval of 1-3 days, with a spraying amount of 600 kg (40% of the total amount).

[0067] 5. Subsequent Management:

[0068] Irrigation: Irrigate promptly after spraying the amendment, with an irrigation volume of 45m³. 3 / mu.

[0069] Fertilization: Based on the crop's growth needs, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is reduced by 20% compared to the conventional method, while the amount of organic fertilizer applied is increased by 50%.

[0070] Pest and disease control: A combination of biological, physical, and chemical control methods is used for pest and disease control.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] 1. Preparation of compound microbial inoculants:

[0073] Strain screening: Acidophilus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and azotobacter brownii were isolated and screened from mixed samples of saline-alkali soil and rhizosphere of salt-tolerant plants.

[0074] Compound preparation: The compound preparation shall be carried out in the following proportions: Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus mucilaginosus: Azotobacter brownii = 3:2:1:1 (volume ratio).

[0075] Culture: The prepared compound microbial agent was inoculated into the liquid culture medium and cultured for 48 hours at a temperature of 30℃, a pH of 7.0, and an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm.

[0076] 2. Preparation of the modifier:

[0077] Raw material preparation: Prepare 12kg of compound microbial inoculant, 24kg of yeast metabolites, 6kg of glucose, 3.6kg of peptone, 2.4kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.2kg of polyacrylamide.

[0078] Mixing: Mix the above raw materials thoroughly and stir evenly to obtain the modifier.

[0079] 3. Construction of a high-efficiency spraying system:

[0080] Spraying equipment selection: Use drone sprayers.

[0081] Spraying parameters optimized: flow rate 5.5L / min, pressure 0.35MPa, driving speed 3.5km / h.

[0082] 4. Method for spraying the improver:

[0083] Pretreatment: Rotary tillage was carried out on 120 mu of dry land to a depth of 22 cm, and then the land was leveled.

[0084] Spraying timing: Choose to spray under windless weather conditions with an air temperature of 22℃ and a relative humidity of 75%.

[0085] Spraying method: The initial spraying amount is 720 kg (60% of the total amount), and the second spraying is carried out after an interval of 1-3 days, with a spraying amount of 480 kg (40% of the total amount).

[0086] 5. Subsequent Management:

[0087] Irrigation: Irrigate promptly after spraying the amendment, with an irrigation volume of 35m³. 3 / mu.

[0088] Fertilization: Based on the crop's growth needs, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is reduced by 30% compared to the conventional method, while the amount of organic fertilizer applied is increased by 30%.

[0089] Pest and disease control: A combination of biological and physical control methods is used for pest and disease control.

[0090] Experimental data

[0091] To verify the effectiveness of the method of the present invention, the soil physicochemical properties and crop yield of the dry fields in Examples 1-3 were monitored, and a control group (using traditional improvement methods) was set up. The experimental data are shown in Table 1 below:

[0092] Table 1

[0093]

[0094] Experimental data show that after using the method of this invention to treat saline-alkali land in dryland areas, the soil pH value decreased significantly, the soil salinity decreased markedly, and the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium all increased significantly, resulting in a substantial increase in crop yield. Compared with the control group, the soil pH value in Examples 1-3 decreased by 1.3-1.5 units, the soil salinity decreased by 0.2-0.3 percentage points, the soil organic matter content increased by 5-7 g / kg, the soil available nitrogen content increased by 20-30 mg / kg, the soil available phosphorus content increased by 5-8 mg / kg, the soil available potassium content increased by 40-140 mg / kg, and the crop yield increased by 190-290 kg / mu.

[0095] In summary, the method for efficiently spraying soil conditioners using compound microorganisms to manage dryland saline-alkali land provided by this invention can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance soil fertility, promote crop growth, and increase crop yield, and has good application prospects.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently spraying a soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of compound microbial inoculants: Microbial strains with functions of salt and alkali tolerance, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and organic acid secretion were isolated and screened from saline-alkali soil and rhizosphere environment of salt-tolerant plants. Multiple microbial strains selected were combined according to a volume ratio of Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus mucilaginosus: Azotobacter brownii = 3:2:1:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent; The prepared compound microbial agent was inoculated into the liquid culture medium and cultured for 48 hours at a temperature of 30℃, a pH of 7.0, and an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm. S2. Preparation of the modifier: Prepare compound microbial inoculants, carrier materials, nutrient additives, and water-retaining agent raw materials. The carrier material includes yeast metabolites, and the nutrient additives include glucose, peptone, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The compound microbial agent, carrier material, nutrient additive, and water-retaining agent are thoroughly mixed and stirred evenly according to the mass ratio of compound microbial agent: carrier material: glucose: peptone: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: polyacrylamide = 10:50:10:3:2:1 to obtain the improver. S3. Construction of a high-efficiency spraying system: Use an agricultural sprayer with precise flow control and adjustable spray angle and range for spraying; S4. Method for spraying the improver: Before spraying the soil amendment, the dry land is pre-treated by rotary tillage and leveling.

2. The method for efficiently spraying a soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation of the compound microbial agent, the microbial strains isolated and screened from saline-alkali soil and the rhizosphere environment of salt-tolerant plants include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and azotobacter brownii.

3. The method for efficiently spraying a soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation of the improver, the carrier materials are diatomaceous earth, yeast metabolites, soybean meal, and well-rotted farmyard manure; the nutrient additives are glucose, peptone, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; and the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.

4. The method for efficiently spraying a soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the construction of the high-efficiency spraying system, the agricultural sprayers selected are drone sprayers or self-propelled sprayers.

5. The method for efficiently spraying a soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the method of spraying the improver, the rotary tillage depth is 10-25cm, the spraying time is when there is no wind or a light breeze, the air temperature is 15-25℃, and the relative humidity is 60%-80%. The spraying method is that the first spraying amount is 60% of the total amount, and the second spraying is carried out after an interval of 1-3 days, with the spraying amount being 40% of the total amount.

6. The method for efficiently spraying a soil conditioner to treat saline-alkali land using compound microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: During subsequent management, the irrigation volume is 30-50m³. 3 / mu, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is reduced by 20%-30% compared to the conventional method.

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